1
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Saura-Sanmartin A. Light-responsive rotaxane-based materials: inducing motion in the solid state. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:873-880. [PMID: 37346498 PMCID: PMC10280056 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive rotaxane-based solid-state materials are ideal scaffolds in order to develop smart materials due to the properties provided by the mechanical bond, such as control over the dynamics of the components upon application of external stimuli. This perspective aims to highlight the relevance of these materials, by pointing out recent examples of photoresponsive materials prepared from a rotaxanated architecture in which motion of the counterparts and/or macroscopic motion of the interlocked materials are achieved. Although further development is needed, these materials are envisioned as privileged scaffolds which will be used for different advanced applications in the area of molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Corra S, Curcio M, Credi A. Photoactivated Artificial Molecular Motors. JACS Au 2023; 3:1301-1313. [PMID: 37234111 PMCID: PMC10207102 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control of long-range motion at the molecular scale holds great potential for the development of ground-breaking applications in energy storage and bionanotechnology. The past decade has seen tremendous development in this area, with a focus on the directional operation away from thermal equilibrium, giving rise to tailored man-made molecular motors. As light is a highly tunable, controllable, clean, and renewable source of energy, photochemical processes are appealing to activate molecular motors. Nonetheless, the successful operation of molecular motors fueled by light is a highly challenging task, which requires a judicious coupling of thermal and photoinduced reactions. In this paper, we focus on the key aspects of light-driven artificial molecular motors with the aid of recent examples. A critical assessment of the criteria for the design, operation, and technological potential of such systems is provided, along with a perspective view on future advances in this exciting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, CNR area della ricerca
Bologna, via Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso-Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento, 8, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, CNR area della ricerca
Bologna, via Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso-Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento, 8, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, CNR area della ricerca
Bologna, via Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso-Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento, 8, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Prakashni M, Dasgupta S. Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane‐Based pH‐Responsive Molecular Switch Involving a [23]Crown Ether Wheel, Dibenzylammonium and Methyl Triazolium Recognition Stations. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Patna Ashok Rajpath Patna 800005 Bihar India
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Patna Ashok Rajpath Patna 800005 Bihar India
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4
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Abstract
Molecular machines offer many opportunities for the development of responsive materials and introduce autonomous motion in molecular systems. While basic molecular switches and motors carry out one type of motion upon being exposed to an external stimulus, the development of molecular systems capable of performing coupled motions is essential for the development of more advanced molecular machinery. Overcrowded alkene-based rotary molecular motors are an ideal basis for the design of such systems as they undergo a controlled rotation initiated by light allowing for excellent spatio-temporal precision. Here, we present an example of a Pd complex of a second-generation rotary motor whose Pd center undergoes a coupled oscillatory motion relative to the motor core upon rotation of the motor. We have studied this phenomenon by UV-vis, NMR, and density functional theory calculations to support our conclusions. With this demonstration of a coupled rotation-oscillation motion powered by a light-driven molecular motor, we provide a solid basis for the development of more advanced molecular machines integrating different types of motion in their operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,
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5
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Kathan M, Crespi S, Troncossi A, Stindt CN, Toyoda R, Feringa BL. The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205801. [PMID: 35718745 PMCID: PMC9544085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In artificial small‐molecule machines, molecular motors can be used to perform work on coupled systems by applying a mechanical load—such as strain—that allows for energy transduction. Here, we report how ring strain influences the rotation of a rotary molecular motor. Bridging the two halves of the motor with alkyl tethers of varying sizes yields macrocycles that constrain the motor's movement. Increasing the ring size by two methylene increments increases the mobility of the motor stepwise and allows for fine‐tuning of strain in the system. Small macrocycles (8–14 methylene units) only undergo a photochemical E/Z isomerization. Larger macrocycles (16–22 methylene units) can perform a full rotational cycle, but thermal helix inversion is strongly dependent on the ring size. This study provides systematic and quantitative insight into the behavior of molecular motors under a mechanical load, paving the way for the development of complex coupled nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kathan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Axel Troncossi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobaku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands
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6
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Koehler V, Gauthier M, Yao C, Fournel-Marotte K, Waelès P, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Coutrot F, Ferrand Y. [3]Foldarotaxane-mediated synthesis of an improbable [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8618-8621. [PMID: 35786713 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The wrapping of an aromatic oligoamide helix around an active ester-containing [2]rotaxane enforced the sliding and the sequestration of the surrounding macrocycle around a part of the axle for which it has no formal affinity. The foldamer-mediated compartmentalization of the [2]rotaxane shuttle was subsequently used to prepare an improbable rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Koehler
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Chenhao Yao
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Karine Fournel-Marotte
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3033, IECB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
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7
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Kathan M, Crespi S, Troncossi A, Stindt CN, Toyoda R, Feringa BL. The Influence of Strain on the Rotation of an Artificial Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kathan
- Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Department of Chemistry Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Uppsala Universitet Department of Chemistry Ångström LaboratoryBox 523 751 20 Uppsala SWEDEN
| | - Axel Troncossi
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Charlotte N. Stindt
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Tohoku University: Tohoku Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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8
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Unksov IN, Korosec CS, Surendiran P, Verardo D, Lyttleton R, Forde NR, Linke H. Through the Eyes of Creators: Observing Artificial Molecular Motors. ACS Nanosci Au 2022; 2:140-159. [PMID: 35726277 PMCID: PMC9204826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inspired by molecular
motors in biology, there has been significant
progress in building artificial molecular motors, using a number of
quite distinct approaches. As the constructs become more sophisticated,
there is also an increasing need to directly observe the motion of
artificial motors at the nanoscale and to characterize their performance.
Here, we review the most used methods that tackle those tasks. We
aim to help experimentalists with an overview of the available tools
used for different types of synthetic motors and to choose the method
most suited for the size of a motor and the desired measurements,
such as the generated force or distances in the moving system. Furthermore,
for many envisioned applications of synthetic motors, it will be a
requirement to guide and control directed motions. We therefore also
provide a perspective on how motors can be observed on structures
that allow for directional guidance, such as nanowires and microchannels.
Thus, this Review facilitates the future research on synthetic molecular
motors, where observations at a single-motor level and a detailed
characterization of motion will promote applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Unksov
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chapin S. Korosec
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Damiano Verardo
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- AlignedBio AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Lyttleton
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nancy R. Forde
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heiner Linke
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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9
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Abstract
Molecular motors transform external energy input into directional motions and offer exquisite precision for nano‐scale manipulations. To make full use of molecular motor capacities, their directional motions need to be transmitted and used for powering downstream molecular events. Here we present a macrocyclic molecular motor structure able to perform repetitive molecular threading of a flexible tetraethylene glycol chain through the macrocycle. This mechanical threading event is actively powered by the motor and leads to a direct translation of the unidirectional motor rotation into unidirectional translation motion (chain versus ring). The mechanism of the active mechanical threading is elucidated and the actual threading step is identified as a combined helix inversion and threading event. The established molecular machine function resembles the crucial step of macroscopic weaving or sewing processes and therefore offers a first entry point to a “molecular knitting” counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N Bach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Josef
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Bach NN, Josef V, Maid H, Dube H. Active Mechanical Threading by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N. Bach
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Verena Josef
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Harald Maid
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
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11
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Abstract
Molecular shuttles are typical molecular machines that could be applied in various fields. The motion modes of wheel components in rotaxanes could be strategically modulated by external stimuli, such as pH, ions, solvent, light, and so on. Light is particularly attractive because it is harmless and can be operated in a remote mode and usually no byproducts are formed. Over the past decade, many examples of light-driven molecular shuttles are emerging. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent research progress of light-driven molecular shuttles. First, the light-driven mechanisms of molecular motions with different functional groups are discussed in detail, which show how to drive photoresponsive or non-photoresponsive molecular shuttles. Subsequently, the practical applications of molecular shuttles in different fields, such as optical information storage, catalysis for organic reactions, drug delivery, and so on, are demonstrated. Finally, the future development of light-driven molecular shuttle is briefly prospected.
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12
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Nisa K, Mishra GK, Thirumal M, Chauhan SM. Synthesis of fluorescent molecular switches based on porphyrinoids covalently linked with redox active ligands. J Mol Struct 2022; 1247:131407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Chiral pseudo[1]rotaxanes and [1]rotaxanes constructed from macrocyclic arenes still remain a big challenge mainly owing to the lack of such chiral macrocycles. In this work, a new system of chiral pseudo[1]rotaxanes formed by self-inclusion of helic[6]arene containing amide linked with the terminal tertiary amines was first discovered. Based on an atom-economic stopping strategy, a pair of chiral [1]rotaxanes were conveniently obtained in almost quantitative yields by blocking the pseudo[1]rotaxanes with monobenzyl bromide of tetraphenylethene. The structures of pseudo[1]rotaxanes and [1]rotaxanes were characterized by 2D NMR spectra in solution, combined with DFT calculations. The photophysical properties further revealed the efficient chirality transfer of helic[6]arene to the tetraphenylethene moiety, compared to their unthreaded chiral isomers. The discovery of the chiral pseudo[1]rotaxanes allows for a wide and available synthesis of chiral [1]rotaxanes, and also opening a new avenue to the design of chiral supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Nicoli F, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Groppi J, Credi A. Direct synthetic routes to functionalised crown ethers. Org Chem Front 2021; 8:5531-5549. [PMID: 34603737 PMCID: PMC8477657 DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crown ethers are macrocyclic hosts that can complex a wide range of inorganic and organic cations as well as neutral guest species. Their widespread utilization in several areas of fundamental and applied chemistry strongly relies on strategies for their functionalisation, in order to obtain compounds that could carry out multiple functions and could be incorporated in sophisticated systems. Although functionalised crown ethers are normally synthesised by templated macrocyclisation using appropriately substituted starting materials, the direct addition of functional groups onto a pre-formed macrocyclic framework is a valuable yet underexplored alternative. Here we review the methodologies for the direct functionalisation of aliphatic and aromatic crown ethers sporadically reported in the literature over a period of four decades. The general approach for the introduction of moieties on aliphatic crown ethers involves a radical mediated cross dehydrogenative coupling initiated either by photochemical or thermal/chemical activation, while aromatic crown ethers are commonly derivatised via electrophilic aromatic substitution. Direct functionalization routes can reduce synthetic effort, allow the later modification of crown ether-based architectures, and disclose new ways to exploit these versatile macrocycles in contemporary supramolecular science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicoli
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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15
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Ivanov P. Computational study (MM and DFT) on the conformations of some aromatic crown ether rotaxane macrocycles. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Crespi S, Chen S, Zhang X, Xu T, Ma C, Zhou S, Shi Z, Tian H, Feringa BL, Qu D. Motorized Macrocycle: A Photo‐responsive Host with Switchable and Stereoselective Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Xiu‐Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Tian‐Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chang‐Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shang‐Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhao‐Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Centre for Systems Chemistry Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Da‐Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry Institute of Fine Chemicals School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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17
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Crespi S, Chen S, Zhang X, Xu T, Ma C, Zhou S, Shi Z, Tian H, Feringa BL, Qu D. Motorized Macrocycle: A Photo-responsive Host with Switchable and Stereoselective Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16129-16138. [PMID: 33955650 PMCID: PMC8361693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Designing photo-responsive host-guest systems can provide versatile supramolecular tools for constructing smart systems and materials. We designed photo-responsive macrocyclic hosts, modulated by light-driven molecular rotary motors enabling switchable chiral guest recognition. The intramolecular cyclization of the two arms of a first-generation molecular motor with flexible oligoethylene glycol chains of different lengths resulted in crown-ether-like macrocycles with intrinsic motor function. The octaethylene glycol linkage enables the successful unidirectional rotation of molecular motors, simultaneously allowing the 1:1 host-guest interaction with ammonium salt guests. The binding affinity and stereoselectivity of the motorized macrocycle can be reversibly modulated, owing to the multi-state light-driven switching of geometry and helicity of the molecular motors. This approach provides an attractive strategy to construct stimuli-responsive host-guest systems and dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xiu‐Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Tian‐Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Chang‐Shun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Shang‐Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Zhao‐Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
- Centre for Systems ChemistryStratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Da‐Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringFeringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
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18
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Gauthier M, Koehler V, Clavel C, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Ferrand Y, Coutrot F. Interplay between a Foldamer Helix and a Macrocycle in a Foldarotaxane Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8380-8384. [PMID: 33475210 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a novel rotaxane/foldaxane hybrid architecture is reported. The winding of an aromatic oligoamide helix host around a dumbbell-shaped thread-like guest, or axle, already surrounded by a macrocycle was evidenced by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The process proved to depend on the position of the macrocycle along the axle and the associated steric hindrance. The macrocycle thus behaves as a switchable shield that modulates the affinity of the helix for the axle. Reciprocally, the foldamer helix acts as a supramolecular auxiliary that compartmentalizes the axle. In some cases, the macrocycle is forced to move along the axle to allow the foldamer to reach its best recognition site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Victor Koehler
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3033, IECB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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19
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Gauthier M, Koehler V, Clavel C, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Ferrand Y, Coutrot F. Interplay between a Foldamer Helix and a Macrocycle in a Foldarotaxane Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage Faculté des Sciences Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Victor Koehler
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248) Université de Bordeaux CNRS, IPB 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Caroline Clavel
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage Faculté des Sciences Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux CNRS INSERM, UMS3033 IECB 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy and Center for Integrated Protein Science Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248) Université de Bordeaux CNRS, IPB 2 rue Robert Escarpit 33600 Pessac France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and ARchitectures Team Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS Université de Montpellier ENSCM, case courrier 1706, Bâtiment Chimie (17), 3ème étage Faculté des Sciences Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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20
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Natho P, Rouse AB, Greenfield JL, Allen LA, White AJ, Yang Z, Parsons PJ. Regioselective synthesis of 1- and 4-tetralones from heteroaryl-3-cyclobutanols. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Young MJ, Akien GR, Evans NH. An amide hydrogen bond templated [1]rotaxane displaying a peptide motif - demonstrating an expedient route to synthetic mimics of lasso peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5203-5209. [PMID: 32597913 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of an amide hydrogen bond templated [1]rotaxane is reported - demonstrating a potential pathway to synthetic analogues of lasso peptides. The structures of the [1]rotaxane and its unthreaded isomer have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and modelled using DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Geoffrey R Akien
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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22
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Ariga K. The evolution of molecular machines through interfacial nanoarchitectonics: from toys to tools. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10594-10604. [PMID: 34094314 PMCID: PMC8162416 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular machines are often regarded as molecular artworks and sometimes as fancy molecular toys. However, many researchers strive to operate molecular machines as useful tools for realistic practical applications. In this perspective article, shifting the working environment of molecular machines from solution to interfacial media is discussed from the viewpoint of their evolution from scientific toys to useful tools. Following a short description of traditional research into molecular machines in solution and their nanotechnological manipulation on clean solid surfaces, pioneering research into molecular machine operation at dynamic interfaces, such as liquid surfaces, is discussed, along with cutting-edge research into molecular machine functions in living cells and their models. Biomolecular machines within organisms are the products of evolution over billions of years. We may nanoarchitect such sophisticated functional systems with artificial molecular machines within much shorter periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
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23
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24
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Wu Y, Frasconi M, Liu WG, Young RM, Goddard WA, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Electrochemical Switching of a Fluorescent Molecular Rotor Embedded within a Bistable Rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11835-11846. [PMID: 32470290 PMCID: PMC8007092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report how the nanoconfined environment, introduced by the mechanical
bonds within an electrochemically switchable bistable [2]rotaxane,
controls the rotation of a fluorescent molecular rotor, namely, an
8-phenyl-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The electrochemical
switching of the bistable [2]rotaxane induces changes in the ground-state
coconformation and in the corresponding excited-state properties of
the BODIPY rotor. In the starting redox state, when no external potential
is applied, the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) ring component encircles the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit
on the dumbbell component, leaving the BODIPY rotor unhindered and
exhibiting low fluorescence. Upon oxidation of the TTF unit to a TTF2+ dication, the CBPQT4+ ring is forced toward the
molecular rotor, leading to an increased energy barrier for the excited
state to rotate the rotor into the state with a high nonradiative
rate constant, resulting in an overall 3.4-fold fluorescence enhancement.
On the other hand, when the solvent polarity is high enough to stabilize
the excited charge-transfer state between the BODIPY rotor and the
CBPQT4+ ring, movement of the ring toward the BODIPY rotor
produces an unexpectedly strong fluorescence signal decrease as the
result of photoinduced electron transfer from the BODIPY rotor to
the CBPQT4+ ring. The nanoconfinement effect introduced
by mechanical bonding can effectively lead to modulation of the physicochemical
properties as observed in this bistable [2]rotaxane. On account of
the straightforward synthetic strategy and the facile modulation of
switchable electrochromic behavior, our approach could pave the way
for the development of new stimuli-responsive materials based on mechanically
interlocked molecules for future electro-optical applications, such
as sensors, molecular memories, and molecular logic gates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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25
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Corra S, Curcio M, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A. Photoactivated Artificial Molecular Machines that Can Perform Tasks. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1906064. [PMID: 31957172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on artificial photoactivated molecular machines has moved in recent years from a basic scientific endeavor toward a more applicative effort. Nowadays, the prospect of reproducing the operation of natural nanomachines with artificial counterparts is no longer a dream but a concrete possibility. The progress toward the construction of molecular-machine-based devices and materials in which light irradiation results in the execution of a task as a result of nanoscale movements is illustrated here. After a brief description of a few basic types of photoactivated molecular machines, significant examples of their exploitation to perform predetermined functions are presented. These include switchable catalysts, nanoactuators that interact with cellular membranes, transporters of small molecular cargos, and active joints capable of mechanically coupling molecular-scale movements. Investigations aimed at harnessing the collective operation of a multitude of molecular machines organized in arrays to perform tasks at the microscale and macroscale in hard and soft materials are also reviewed. Surfaces, gels, liquid crystals, polymers, and self-assembled nanostructures are described wherein the nanoscale movement of embedded molecular machines is amplified, allowing the realization of muscle-like actuators, microfluidic devices, and polymeric materials for light energy transduction and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Kumpulainen T, Panman MR, Bakker BH, Hilbers M, Woutersen S, Brouwer AM. Accelerating the Shuttling in Hydrogen-Bonded Rotaxanes: Active Role of the Axle and the End Station. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19118-19129. [PMID: 31697078 PMCID: PMC6923795 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The relation between the chemical structure and the mechanical
behavior of molecular machines is of paramount importance for a rational
design of superior nanomachines. Here, we report on a mechanistic
study of a nanometer scale translational movement in two bistable
rotaxanes. Both rotaxanes consist of a tetra-amide macrocycle interlocked
onto a polyether axle. The macrocycle can shuttle between an initial
succinamide station and a 3,6-dihydroxy- or 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,8-naphthalimide end stations. Translocation of the macrocycle
is controlled by a hydrogen-bonding equilibrium between the stations.
The equilibrium can be perturbed photochemically by either intermolecular
proton or electron transfer depending on the system. To the best of
our knowledge, utilization of proton transfer from a conventional
photoacid for the operation of a molecular machine is demonstrated
for the first time. The shuttling dynamics are monitored by means
of UV–vis and IR transient absorption spectroscopies. The polyether
axle accelerates the shuttling by ∼70% compared to a structurally
similar rotaxane with an all-alkane thread of the same length. The
acceleration is attributed to a decrease in activation energy due
to an early transition state where the macrocycle partially hydrogen
bonds to the ether group of the axle. The dihydroxyrotaxane exhibits
the fastest shuttling speed over a nanometer distance (τshuttling ≈ 30 ns) reported to date. The shuttling in
this case is proposed to take place via a so-called harpooning mechanism
where the transition state involves a folded conformation due to the
hydrogen-bonding interactions with the hydroxyl groups of the end
station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs R Panman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bert H Bakker
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of Amsterdam , P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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28
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Shi ZT, Yu JJ, Zhang Q, Li MM, Liang WJ, Zhao CX, Qu DH. Controlling interfacial interactions of supramolecular assemblies by light-responsive overcrowded alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10292-10295. [PMID: 31396605 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A light-responsive supramolecular polymer was constructed by an AB-type monomer containing a light-responsive overcrowded alkene. The primary assemblies of the supramolecular polymer can further undertake secondary self-assembly by interfacial host-guest connections, which can be manipulated by light stimuli to convert into discrete primary assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Tao Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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