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Barhoi A, Mahto B, Ali H, Hussain S. Glutathione-Mediated Synthesis of WO 3 Nanostructures with Controllable Morphology/Phase for Energy Storage, Photoconductivity, and Photocatalytic Applications. Langmuir 2024; 40:10070-10084. [PMID: 38701115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing an improved synthesis method that controls the morphology and crystal phase remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we report phase and morphology-controlled hydrothermal synthesis of tungsten oxides by varying acid concentration and utilizing glutathione (GSH) as a structural directing agent, together with the exploration of their applications in supercapacitors, photoconductivity, and photocatalysis. Orthorhombic hydrated tungsten oxide (WO3·0.33H2O) with nonuniform block and plate-like morphology was obtained at 3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). In contrast, nonhydrated monoclinic tungsten oxide (WO3) with smaller rectangular blocks was obtained at 6 M HCl. Further, the addition of GSH results in an increase in the surface area of the materials along with a narrowing of the band gap. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in regulating the morphology through oriented attachments, Ostwald ripening, and the self-assembly of WO3 nuclei. GHTO and GTO polymorphs showed pseudocapacitive behavior with the highest specific capacitances of 450 and 300 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, maintaining 94 and 92% retention stability, respectively, over 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1. Also, the synthesized materials displayed favorable photoconductivity under light irradiation, implying potential utilization in photovoltaic applications. Moreover, these materials exhibited remarkable photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, establishing themselves as highly effective photocatalysts. Therefore, nanostructured tungsten oxide showcases its versatility, rendering it an appealing candidate for energy storage, photovoltaic systems, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Barhoi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801103, India
| | - Bhagirath Mahto
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801103, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801103, India
| | - Sahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Patna 801103, India
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Zhao W, Xu G, Dong W, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Qiu L, Dong J. Progress and Perspective for In Situ Studies of Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300550. [PMID: 37097627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising energy conversion devices with high efficiency and zero emission. However, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is still the dominant limiting factor for the practical development of PEMFC due to its sluggish kinetics and the vulnerability of ORR catalysts under harsh operating conditions. Thus, the development of high-performance ORR catalysts is essential and requires a better understanding of the underlying ORR mechanism and the failure mechanisms of ORR catalysts with in situ characterization techniques. This review starts with the introduction of in situ techniques that have been used in the research of the ORR processes, including the principle of the techniques, the design of the in situ cells, and the application of the techniques. Then the in situ studies of the ORR mechanism as well as the failure mechanisms of ORR catalysts in terms of Pt nanoparticle degradation, Pt oxidation, and poisoning by air contaminants are elaborated. Furthermore, the development of high-performance ORR catalysts with high activity, anti-oxidation ability, and toxic-resistance guided by the aforementioned mechanisms and other in situ studies are outlined. Finally, the prospects and challenges for in situ studies of ORR in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhao
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. , Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Guangtong Xu
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. , Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. , Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. , Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd. , Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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D’Angelo AM, Brand HEA, Mitchell VD, Hamilton JL, Oldfield D, Liu ACY, Gu Q. Total scattering measurements at the Australian Synchrotron Powder Diffraction beamline: capabilities and limitations. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:327-339. [PMID: 36891846 PMCID: PMC10000805 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522011614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the capabilities and limitations of carrying out total scattering experiments on the Powder Diffraction (PD) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO. A maximum instrument momentum transfer of 19 Å-1 can be achieved if the data are collected at 21 keV. The results detail how the pair distribution function (PDF) is affected by Qmax, absorption and counting time duration at the PD beamline, and refined structural parameters exemplify how the PDF is affected by these parameters. There are considerations when performing total scattering experiments at the PD beamline, including (1) samples need to be stable during data collection, (2) highly absorbing samples with a μR > 1 always require dilution and (3) only correlation length differences >0.35 Å may be resolved. A case study comparing the PDF atom-atom correlation lengths with EXAFS-derived radial distances of Ni and Pt nanocrystals is also presented, which shows good agreement between the two techniques. The results here can be used as a guide for researchers considering total scattering experiments at the PD beamline or similarly setup beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M. D’Angelo
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Helen E. A. Brand
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Valerie D. Mitchell
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jessica L. Hamilton
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Oldfield
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Amelia C. Y. Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Wang L, Ore RM, Jayamaha PK, Wu ZP, Zhong CJ. Density functional theory based computational investigations on the stability of highly active trimetallic PtPdCu nanoalloys for electrochemical oxygen reduction. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:429-442. [PMID: 36173024 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity, cost, and durability are the trinity of catalysis research for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). While studies towards increasing activity and reducing cost of ORR catalysts have been carried out extensively, much effort is needed in durability investigation of highly active ORR catalysts. In this work, we examined the stability of a trimetallic PtPdCu catalyst that has demonstrated high activity and incredible durability during ORR using density functional theory (DFT) based computations. Specifically, we studied the processes of dissolution/deposition and diffusion between the surface and inner layer of Cu species of Pt20Pd20Cu60 catalysts at electrode potentials up to 1.2 V to understand their role towards stabilizing Pt20Pd20Cu60 catalysts. The results show there is a dynamic Cu surface composition range that is dictated by the interplay of the four processes, dissolution, deposition, diffusion from the surface to inner layer, and diffusion from the inner layer to the surface of Cu species, in the stability and observed oscillation of lattice constants of Cu-rich PtPdCu nanoalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Rotimi M Ore
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Peshala K Jayamaha
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Crisafulli R, de Paula DF, Zignani SC, Spadaro L, Palella A, Boninelli S, Dias JA, Linares JJ. Promoting Effect of Cu on Pd Applied to the Hydrazine Electro-Oxidation and Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cells. Catalysts 2022; 12:1639. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of liquid fuels in fuel cells is advantageous due to the easier and safer handling, transportation, and storage. Among the different options, hydrazine is of interest since the formation of highly poisoning carbonaceous species is avoided, in addition to its high energy density. In the search for more active direct hydrazine fuel cells (DHFC), this study analyzes the influence of Cu as an auxiliary metal on Pd. Three different PdxCu/C (x = 3, 1, and 0.33) catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction with NaBH4. The materials were physiochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical analysis in a three-electrode glass cell and a single-cell DHFC was also carried out to study the impact on the electroactivity. Cu exerts a beneficial effect by reducing the adsorption energies of the adsorbed species and donating oxidized species for the completion of the hydrazine electro-oxidation, optimally balanced in the Pd1Cu/C (maximum power density of 180 mW cm−2). As a counterpoint, Cu slightly promotes the non-faradaic decomposition of hydrazine, seen by a larger H2 signal in mass spectroscopy in the anode exhaust at high current densities, which results in a slight loss in faradaic efficiency.
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Liu S, Li Y, Yu X, Han S, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Zhu C, Li WX, Wöll C, Wang Y, Shen W. Tuning crystal-phase of bimetallic single-nanoparticle for catalytic hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4559. [PMID: 35931670 PMCID: PMC9355964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles afford geometric variation and electron redistribution via strong metal-metal interactions that substantially promote the activity and selectivity in catalysis. Quantitatively describing the atomic configuration of the catalytically active sites, however, is experimentally challenged by the averaging ensemble effect that is caused by the interplay between particle size and crystal-phase at elevated temperatures and under reactive gases. Here, we report that the intrinsic activity of the body-centered cubic PdCu nanoparticle, for acetylene hydrogenation, is one order of magnitude greater than that of the face-centered cubic one. This finding is based on precisely identifying the atomic structures of the active sites over the same-sized but crystal-phase-varied single-particles. The densely-populated Pd-Cu bond on the chemically ordered nanoparticle possesses isolated Pd site with a lower coordination number and a high-lying valence d-band center, and thus greatly expedites the dissociation of H2 over Pd atom and efficiently accommodates the activated H atoms on the particle top/subsurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Shaobo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chuwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Xue Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Wenjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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7
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Zimmerli NK, Müller CR, Abdala PM. Deciphering the structure of heterogeneous catalysts across scales using pair distribution function analysis. Trends in Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Belenov S, Alekseenko A, Pavlets A, Nevelskaya A, Danilenko M. Architecture Evolution of Different Nanoparticles Types: Relationship between the Structure and Functional Properties of Catalysts for PEMFC. Catalysts 2022; 12:638. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the features of the catalysts with different nanoparticle structures architecture transformation under the various pre-treatment types. Based on the results of the publications analysis, it can be concluded that the chemical or electrochemical activation of bimetallic catalysts has a significant effect on their composition, microstructure, and catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction. The stage of electrochemical activation is recommended for use as a mandatory catalyst pre-treatment to obtain highly active de-alloyed materials. The literature is studied, which covers possible variants of the structural modification under the influence of thermal treatment under different processing conditions. Additionally, based on the literature data analysis, recommendations are given for the thermal treatment of catalysts alloyed with various d-metals.
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9
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Robinson R, Krause V, Wang S, Yan S, Shang G, Gordon J, Tycko S, Zhong CJ. Silver-Copper Alloy Nanoinks for Ambient Temperature Sintering. Langmuir 2022; 38:5633-5644. [PMID: 35475615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to reduce the silver content in silver-based inks or pastes and achieve low-temperature sintering for scalable and low-cost production of printed wearable electronics. This need depends on the ability to control the metal composition and the surface properties of the nanoinks. Alloying silver with copper provides a pathway for meeting the need in terms of cost reduction, but little is known about the composition controllability and the low-temperature sintering capability. We report herein a scalable wet chemical synthesis of bimetallic silver-copper alloy nanoinks with room temperature sintering properties. The bimetallic alloy nanoparticles with a controllable composition can be formulated as stable nanoinks. The nanoinks printed on paper substrates are shown to sinter under room temperature. In addition to composition dependence, the results reveal an intriguing dependence of sintering on humidity above the printed nanoink films. These findings are assessed based on theoretical simulation of the sintering processes via surface-mediated sintering and interparticle necking mechanisms in terms of nanoscale adsorption, adhesion and diffusion, and surface free energies. Implications of the findings for room temperature fabrication of wearable sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Virginia Krause
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Guojun Shang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Justine Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Serena Tycko
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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10
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Wu R, Wang L. Insight and Activation Energy Surface of the Dehydrogenation of C2HxO Species in Ethanol Oxidation Reaction on Ir(100). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200132. [PMID: 35446461 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation of an organic compound is the first and the most fundamental elementary reaction in many organic reactions. In ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) to form CO 2 , there are a total of 46 pathways in C 2 H x O (x=1-6) species leading to the removal of all six hydrogen atoms in five C-H bonds and one O-H bond. To investigate the degree of dehydrogenation in EOR under operando conditions, we performed density function theory (DFT) calculations to study 28 dehydrogenation steps of C 2 H x O on Ir(100). An activation energy surface was then constructed and compared with that of the C-C bond cleavages to understand the importance of the degree of dehydrogenation in EOR. The results show that there are likely 28 dehydrogenations in EOR under fuel cell temperatures and the last two hydrogens in C 2 H 2 O are less likely cleaved. On the other hand, deep dehydrogenation including 45 dehydrogenations can occur under ethanol steam reforming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Wu
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Lichang Wang
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 224 Neckers Hall, 62901, Carbondale, UNITED STATES
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11
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Chang F, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhang Q, Wei J, Wang X, Bai Z. Modulating the intrinsic properties of platinum–cobalt nanowires for enhanced electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to improve the intrinsic activity of nanoalloy electrocatalysts is essential for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts by optimizing the basic physical properties of the nanoalloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yongpeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Juncai Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhengyu Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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12
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Liu Q, Wang X, Li L, Song K, Wang Y, Qian P. Catalytic activity, thermal stability and structural evolution of PdCu single-atom alloy catalysts: the effects of size and morphology. RSC Adv 2021; 12:62-71. [PMID: 35424490 PMCID: PMC8978693 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07581k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-atom alloys (SAAs) have been emerging as an important field of research in electrocatalysis owing to extremely high atom utilization, unique structure and high catalytic activity. In this work, the catalytic properties and thermal stability of PdCu SAAs with a crown-jewel (CJ) structure are studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The DFT results reveal that CJ-structured PdCu SAAs show excellent HER and ORR catalytic performance, and can be regarded as a promising alternative to Pt catalysts towards the ORR or HER. Additionally, we attempt to explain the high catalytic activity of PdCu SAAs by electronic structure analysis. In addition, MD simulation results confirm the thermal stability of CJ-structured PdCu. More importantly, we found that CJ-structured PdCu clusters undergo a structural transformation from cuboctahedral (Cubo) to icosahedral (Ico) structure by heating or after the adsorption of reaction intermediate, which indicates that Cubo is less stable than the Ico structure. Besides, Cubo-Ico transformation is size-dependent and only found in small clusters. Furthermore, the effects of size and morphology on melting properties are discussed. The melting point increases as cluster size increases, which agrees well with Pawlow's law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China .,Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | | | - Lu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China .,Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Keke Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China .,Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China .,Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ping Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China .,Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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13
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Ashberry H, Zhan X, Skrabalak SE. Identification of Nanoscale Processes Associated with the Disorder-to-Order Transformation of Carbon-Supported Alloy Nanoparticles. ACS Mater Au 2021; 2:143-153. [PMID: 36855759 PMCID: PMC9888660 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to their ordered crystal structures and high structural stabilities, intermetallic nanoparticles often display enhanced catalytic, magnetic, and optical properties compared to their random alloy counterparts. Intermetallic nanoparticles can be achieved by thermal annealing of their disordered (random alloy) counterparts. However, high temperatures and long annealing times needed to achieve the disorder-to-order transition often lead to a loss of sample monodispersity and an increase in the average size of nanoparticles. Here, we performed ex situ powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ annealing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments to elucidate nanoscale processes that contribute to the ordering of carbon-supported PdCu nanoparticles as a model system. Random alloy PdCu nanoparticles supported on carbon were thermally annealed for various lengths of time at the disorder-to-order phase transition temperature, where changes in nanoparticle size and the crystal phase were monitored. The nanoparticles were only completely transformed to the intermetallic phase by undertaking measures to deliberately increase their size by increasing the number of nanoparticles on the carbon support. In situ annealing TEM experiments reveal nanoscale processes that account for the disorder-to-order phase transformation. Five different processes were observed at 400 °C. Isolated nanoparticles remained in the random alloy phase or underwent a phase transformation to the intermetallic phase. Nanoparticles fused with neighboring nanoparticles resulting in no change in phase or conversion to the intermetallic phase. Evidence of vapor transport was also observed, as some isolated nanoparticles were found to diminish in size upon heating. These variable processes account for the heterogeneity often observed for intermetallic nanoparticle samples achieved through annealing and motivate the development of synthetic routes that suppress particle-particle coalescence, as well as investigating metal-support interactions to facilitate the disorder-to-order phase transformation under mild conditions. Overall, this work furthers our knowledge of the formation of intermetallic nanoparticles by thermal annealing approaches, which could accelerate the development of electrocatalysts and the application of intermetallic nanoparticles in magnetic storage devices.
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Xiao F, Wang YC, Wu ZP, Chen G, Yang F, Zhu S, Siddharth K, Kong Z, Lu A, Li JC, Zhong CJ, Zhou ZY, Shao M. Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2006292. [PMID: 33749011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) has boosted the hydrogen economy concept via diverse energy applications in the past decades. For a holistic understanding of the development status of PEMFCs and AMFCs, recent advancements in electrocatalyst design and catalyst layer optimization, along with cell performance in terms of activity and durability in PEMFCs and AMFCs, are summarized here. The activity, stability, and fuel cell performance of different types of electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are discussed and compared. Research directions on the further development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts to meet the ultimate commercialization of PEMFCs and AMFCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kumar Siddharth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Energy Institute, and Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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15
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Cruz-Martínez H, Guerra-Cabrera W, Flores-Rojas E, Ruiz-Villalobos D, Rojas-Chávez H, Peña-Castañeda YA, Medina DI. Pt-Free Metal Nanocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Combining Experiment and Theory: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216689. [PMID: 34771098 PMCID: PMC8588335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and manufacture of highly efficient nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is key to achieve the massive use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Up to date, Pt nanocatalysts are widely used for the ORR, but they have various disadvantages such as high cost, limited activity and partial stability. Therefore, different strategies have been implemented to eliminate or reduce the use of Pt in the nanocatalysts for the ORR. Among these, Pt-free metal nanocatalysts have received considerable relevance due to their good catalytic activity and slightly lower cost with respect to Pt. Consequently, nowadays, there are outstanding advances in the design of novel Pt-free metal nanocatalysts for the ORR. In this direction, combining experimental findings and theoretical insights is a low-cost methodology—in terms of both computational cost and laboratory resources—for the design of Pt-free metal nanocatalysts for the ORR in acid media. Therefore, coupled experimental and theoretical investigations are revised and discussed in detail in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Cruz-Martínez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Etla, Abasolo S/N, Barrio del Agua Buena, Santiago Suchilquitongo, Oaxaca 68230, Mexico; (H.C.-M.); (D.R.-V.)
| | - Wilbert Guerra-Cabrera
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico del Istmo, Panamericana 821, 2da., Juchitán de Zaragoza, Oaxaca 70000, Mexico;
| | - Ernesto Flores-Rojas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA-Legaria, Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, Ciudad de México 11500, Mexico;
| | - Dunia Ruiz-Villalobos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Etla, Abasolo S/N, Barrio del Agua Buena, Santiago Suchilquitongo, Oaxaca 68230, Mexico; (H.C.-M.); (D.R.-V.)
| | - Hugo Rojas-Chávez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tláhuac II, Camino Real 625, Tláhuac, Ciudad de México 13508, Mexico;
| | - Yesica A. Peña-Castañeda
- Colegio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Av. Fray Servando Teresa de Mier 92, Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Y.A.P.-C.); (D.I.M.)
| | - Dora I. Medina
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Atizapan de Zaragoza 52926, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Y.A.P.-C.); (D.I.M.)
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16
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Zhang A, Wu J, Xue L, Li C, Zeng S, Caracciolo D, Wang S, Zhong CJ. Engineering Active Sites of Gold-Cuprous Oxide Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:46577-46587. [PMID: 34570458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the catalyst morphology influences surface sites is crucial for designing active and stable catalysts and electrocatalysts. We here report a new approach to this understanding by decorating gold (Au) nanoparticles on the surface of cuprous oxides (Cu2O) with three different shape morphologies (spheres, cubes, and petals). The Au-Cu2O particles are dispersed onto carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix with high surface area, stability, and conductivity for oxygen reduction reaction. A clear morphology-dependent enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity is revealed. Oxygenated gold species (AuO-) are found to coexist with Au0 on the cube and petal catalysts, whereas only Au0 species are present on the sphere catalyst. The AuO- species function effectively as active sites, resulting in the improved catalytic performance by changing the reaction mechanism. The enhanced catalytic performance of the petal-shaped catalyst in terms of onset potential, half-wave potential, diffusion-limited current density, and stability is closely associated with the presence of the most abundant AuO- species on its surface. Highly active AuO- species are identified on the surface of the catalysts as a result of the unique structural characteristics, which is attributed to the structural origin of high activity and stability. This insight constitutes the basis for assessing the detailed correlation between the morphology and the electrocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite catalysts, which has implications for the design of surface-active sites on metal/metal oxide electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Shanghong Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Dominic Caracciolo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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17
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Han S, He C, Yun Q, Li M, Chen W, Cao W, Lu Q. Pd-based intermetallic nanocrystals: From precise synthesis to electrocatalytic applications in fuel cells. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 445:214085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Wu ZP, Zhang H, Zuo S, Wang Y, Zhang SL, Zhang J, Zang SQ, Lou XWD. Manipulating the Local Coordination and Electronic Structures for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103004. [PMID: 34418171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-noble-metal-based nanomaterials can exhibit extraordinary electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by harnessing the structural evolution during catalysis and the synergistic effect between elements. However, the structure of active centers in bimetallic/multimetallic catalysts is under long-time debate in the catalysis community. Here, an efficient bimetallic Ni-Fe selenide-derived OER electrocatalyst is reported and the structure-activity correlation during the OER evolution studied. By combining experiments and theoretical calculations, a conceptual advance is provided, in that the local coordination structure distortion and disordering of active sites inherited from the pre-catalyst and post-formed by a further reconstruction are responsible for boosting the OER performance. The active center is identified on Ni sites showing moderate bindings with oxygenous intermediates rather than Fe sites with strong and poisonous adsorptions. These findings provide crucial understanding in manipulating the local coordination and electronic structures toward rational design and fabrication of efficient OER electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Huabin Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouwei Zuo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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19
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Abstract
As a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as a clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of hydrogen to meet the commercial-scale demand of hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis is a promising pathway to achieve the efficient hydrogen production in terms of energy conversion and storage in which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays a critical role. The development of active, stable, and low-cost catalysts or electrocatalysts is an essential prerequisite for achieving the desired electrocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting for practical use, which constitutes the central focus of this review. It will start with an introduction of the water splitting performance evaluation of various electrocatalysts in terms of activity, stability, and efficiency. This will be followed by outlining current knowledge on the two half-cell reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), in terms of reaction mechanisms in alkaline and acidic media. Recent advances in the design and preparation of nanostructured noble-metal and non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts will be discussed. New strategies and insights in exploring the synergistic structure, morphology, composition, and active sites of the nanostructured electrocatalysts for increasing the electrocatalytic activity and stability in HER and OER will be highlighted. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the design of active and robust electrocatalysts for HER and OER towards efficient production of hydrogen from water splitting electrolysis will also be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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20
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Wu ZP, Caracciolo DT, Maswadeh Y, Wen J, Kong Z, Shan S, Vargas JA, Yan S, Hopkins E, Park K, Sharma A, Ren Y, Petkov V, Wang L, Zhong CJ. Alloying-realloying enabled high durability for Pt-Pd-3d-transition metal nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts. Nat Commun 2021; 12:859. [PMID: 33558516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.
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21
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Zeng S, Shan S, Lu A, Wang S, Caracciolo DT, Robinson RJ, Shang G, Xue L, Zhao Y, Zhang A, Liu Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Bai F, Wu J, Wang H, Zhong CJ. Copper-alloy catalysts: structural characterization and catalytic synergies. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00179e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of copper-alloy catalysts is highlighted, focusing on the structural and mechanistic characterizations of the catalysts in different catalytic reactions, and challenges and opportunities in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghong Zeng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Aolin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Dominic T. Caracciolo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Richard J. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Guojun Shang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Lei Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Yuansong Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Aiai Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Shangpeng Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010051, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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22
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Abstract
ConspectusMultimetallic nanomaterials containing noble metals (NM) and non-noble 3d-transition metals (3d-TMs) exhibit unique catalytic properties as a result of the synergistic combination of NMs and 3d-TMs in the nanostructure. The exploration of such a synergy depends heavily on the understanding of the atomic-scale structural details of NMs and 3d-TMs in the nanomaterials. This has attracted a great deal of recent interest in the field of catalysis science, especially concerning the core-shell and alloy nanostructures. A rarely asked question of fundamental significance is how the core-shell and alloy structural arrangements of atoms in the multimetallic nanomaterials dynamically change under reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, surface adsorbate, chemical environment, applied electrochemical potential, etc. The dynamic evolution of the core-shell/alloy structures under the reaction conditions plays a crucial role in the catalytic performance of the multimetallic nanocatalysts.This Account focuses on the dynamic structure characteristics for several different types of composition-tunable alloy and core-shell nanomaterials, including phase-segregated, elemental-enriched, dynamically evolved, and structurally different core-shell structures. In addition to outlining core-shell/alloy structure formation via processes such as seed-mediated growth, thermochemical calcination, adsorbate-induced evolution, chemical dealloying, underpotential deposition/galvanic displacement, etc., this Account will highlight the progress in understanding the dynamic core-shell/alloy structures under chemical or catalytic reaction conditions, which has become an important focal point of the research fronts in catalysis and electrocatalysis. The employment of advanced techniques, especially in situ/operando synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analyses, has provided significant insights into the dynamic evolution processes of NM/3d-TM nanocatalysts under electrocatalytic or fuel cell operating conditions. Examples will highlight Pt- or Pd-based nanoparticles and nanowires alloyed with various 3d-TMs with a focus on their structural evolution under reaction conditions. While the dynamic process is complex, the ability to gain an insight into the evolution of core-shell and alloy structures under the catalytic reaction condition is essential for advancing the design of multimetallic nanocatalysts. This Account serves as a springboard from fundamental understanding of the core-shell and alloy structural dynamics to the various applications of nanostructured catalysts/electrocatalysts, especially in the fronts of energy and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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23
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Sugawara Y, Kobayashi H, Honma I, Yamaguchi T. Effect of Metal Coordination Fashion on Oxygen Electrocatalysis of Cobalt-Manganese Oxides. ACS Omega 2020; 5:29388-29397. [PMID: 33225170 PMCID: PMC7675927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the most critical reactions that limit the efficiency of fuel cells, water electrolyzers, and metal-air batteries. Therefore, a need exists to develop cost-effective and highly active alternative electrocatalysts for ORR and OER. This study investigates the influence of metal coordination fashion on electrocatalytic ORR and OER activities among three types of Co-Mn bimetallic oxides (CMOs): tunnel-type (CMO_T), layer-type (CMO_L), and spinel-type (CMO_S) structures. An electrochemical evaluation for CMOs verifies that CMO_L has the highest ORR and OER specific activities, which is relatively better than the previously reported bifunctional metal oxides. Additionally, atomic configuration analysis for the oxides suggests that the excellent ORR and OER activities of CMO_L result from the difference in Co and Mn coordination states. This paper not only presents an excellent electrocatalyst for alkaline fuel cells and water electrolyzers but also provides an important guideline for the design of oxygen electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Sugawara
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Itaru Honma
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamaguchi
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-17, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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24
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Fan J, Du H, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Li D, Feng J. Recent Progress on Rational Design of Bimetallic Pd Based Catalysts and Their Advanced Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Dianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
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25
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He J, Luo S, Li Y, Mi H, Sun L, Ren X. First-principles study of binary and ternary alloys based on PdCu as oxygen reduction catalysts. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Hu R, Li Y, Wang F, Shang J. Rational prediction of multifunctional bilayer single atom catalysts for the hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. Nanoscale 2020; 12:20413-20424. [PMID: 33026034 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic atom catalysts (BACs), which can exhibit remarkable catalytic performance compared with single atom catalysts (SACs) due to their higher metal loading and the synergy between two metal atoms, have attracted great attention in research. Herein, by means of density functional theory calculations, novel BACs with a bilayer structure composed of monolayers FeN4 (Fe and nitrogen co-doped graphene) and MN4 (Fe/M, M represents transition metal atoms) as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are investigated. Among these bilayer SACs, a series of highly efficient monofunctional, bifunctional, and even trifunctional electrocatalysts have been screened. For example, the overpotentials for the HER, ORR, and OER can reach -0.02 (Fe/Cu), 0.31 (Fe/Hg), and 0.27 V (Fe/Hf), respectively; Fe/Hf and Ir/Fe can serve as promising bifunctional catalysts for the ORR/OER and HER/OER, respectively and Fe/Rh is considered as an excellent trifunctional catalyst for the HER, OER, and ORR. This work not only provides a new idea for understanding and optimizing the active sites of BACs, but also proposes a new strategy for designing high-performance multifunctional electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riming Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yongcheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Fuhe Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Chen HY, Niu HJ, Han Z, Feng JJ, Huang H, Wang AJ. Simple fabrication of trimetallic platinum-nickel-cobalt hollow alloyed 3D multipods for highly boosted hydrogen evolution reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 570:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chang F, Bai Z, Li M, Ren M, Liu T, Yang L, Zhong CJ, Lu J. Strain-Modulated Platinum-Palladium Nanowires for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2416-2422. [PMID: 32046493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic activity of alloy nanocatalytsts can be manipulated effectively by tuning their physical properties (ensemble, geometric, and ligand effects) to afford optimal surface structure and compositions for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application. Herein, highly catalytic platinum-palladium nanowires (PtnPd100-n NWs) with a subtle lattice strain and Boerdijk-Coxeter helix type morphology are synthesized through a surfactant-free, thermal single phase solvent method. X-ray diffraction results show that PtnPd100-n NWs are exposed through the (111) facets and their shrinking or expanding lattice parameters can be modulated by the alloy compositions. Electrochemical results reveal that their high catalytic activity correlates with the lattice shrinking, facets, and bimetallic compositions, showing higher activity when the ratio of Pt and Pd is ∼78:22, which is further supported by DFT results. Compared to the nanoparticle type platinum-palladium alloyed catalysts with similar metal compositions (PtnPd100-n NPs), the PtnPd100-n NWs exhibit significantly improved electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxygen reduction reaction. These findings open new strategies to design the highly active and stable alloy nanocatalysts with controllable compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Zhengyu Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Matthew Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mengyun Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Kong Z, Maswadeh Y, Vargas JA, Shan S, Wu ZP, Kareem H, Leff AC, Tran DT, Chang F, Yan S, Nam S, Zhao X, Lee JM, Luo J, Shastri S, Yu G, Petkov V, Zhong CJ. Origin of High Activity and Durability of Twisty Nanowire Alloy Catalysts under Oxygen Reduction and Fuel Cell Operating Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1287-1299. [PMID: 31885267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the surface composition and morphology of alloy catalysts is critical for achieving high activity and durability of catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and fuel cells. This report describes an efficient surfactant-free synthesis route for producing a twisty nanowire (TNW) shaped platinum-iron (PtFe) alloy catalyst (denoted as PtFe TNWs) with controllable bimetallic compositions. PtFe TNWs with an optimal initial composition of ∼24% Pt are shown to exhibit the highest mass activity (3.4 A/mgPt, ∼20 times higher than that of commercial Pt catalyst) and the highest durability (<2% loss of activity after 40 000 cycles and <30% loss after 120 000 cycles) among all PtFe-based nanocatalysts under ORR or fuel cell operating conditions reported so far. Using ex situ and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and 3D modeling, the PtFe TNWs are shown to exhibit mixed face-centered cubic (fcc)-body-centered cubic (bcc) alloy structure and a significant lattice strain. A striking finding is that the activity strongly depends on the composition of the as-synthesized catalysts and this dependence remains unchanged despite the evolution of the composition of the different catalysts and their lattice constants under ORR or fuel cell operating conditions. Notably, dealloying under fuel cell operating condition starts at phase-segregated domain sites leading to a final fcc alloy structure with subtle differences in surface morphology. Due to a subsequent realloying and the morphology of TNWs, the surface lattice strain observed with the as-synthesized catalysts is largely preserved. This strain and the particular facets exhibited by the TNWs are believed to be responsible for the observed activity and durability enhancements. These findings provide new insights into the correlation between the structure, activity, and durability of nanoalloy catalysts and are expected to energize the ongoing effort to develop highly active and durable low-Pt-content nanowire catalysts by controlling their alloy structure and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China.,Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Yazan Maswadeh
- Department of Physics , Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , Michigan 48859 , United States
| | - Jorge A Vargas
- Department of Physics , Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , Michigan 48859 , United States
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Haval Kareem
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory , FCDD-RLS-DE , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Asher C Leff
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory , FCDD-RLS-DE , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Dat T Tran
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory , FCDD-RLS-DE , Adelphi , Maryland 20783 , United States
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Sanghyun Nam
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Xingfang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Jason M Lee
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Jin Luo
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Sarvjit Shastri
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Valeri Petkov
- Department of Physics , Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , Michigan 48859 , United States
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
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Wang C, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang Q. NiFe Alloy Nanoparticles with hcp Crystal Structure Stimulate Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalytic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6099-6103. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Yang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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Wang C, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang Q. NiFe Alloy Nanoparticles with hcp Crystal Structure Stimulate Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalytic Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Yang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yejun Zhang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qiangbin Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio InterfaceDivision of Nanobiomedicine and i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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