1
|
Shah BA, Kasarlawar ST, Phale PS. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, ZwfA, a Dual Cofactor-Specific Isozyme Is Predominantly Involved in the Glucose Metabolism of Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86 T. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0381822. [PMID: 36354357 PMCID: PMC9769727 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03818-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf) is an important enzyme in glucose metabolism via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and the first enzyme in the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway. It generates NAD(P)H during the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phosphogluconolactone, thus aiding in anabolic processes, energy yield, and oxidative stress responses. Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86T preferentially utilized aromatic compounds over glucose and exhibited a significantly lower growth rate on glucose (0.24 h-1) with a prolonged lag phase (~10 h). In strain CSV86T, glucose was metabolized via the intracellular phosphorylative route only because it lacked an oxidative (gluconate and 2-ketogluconate) route. The genome harbored three genes zwfA, zwfB, and zwfC encoding three Zwf isozymes. The present study aimed to understand gene arrangement, gene expression profiling, and molecular and kinetic properties of the purified enzymes to unveil their physiological significance in the strain CSV86T. The zwfA was found to be a part of the zwfA-pgl-eda operon, which was proximal to other glucose transport and metabolic clusters. The zwfB was found to be arranged as a gnd-zwfB operon, while zwfC was present independently. Among the three, zwfA was transcribed maximally, and the purified ZwfA displayed the highest catalytic efficiency, cooperativity with respect to G6P, and dual cofactor specificity. Isozymes ZwfB and ZwfC were NADP+-preferring and NADP+-specific, respectively. Among other functionally characterized Zwfs, ZwfA from strain CSV86T displayed poor catalytic efficiency and the further absence of oxidative routes of glucose metabolism reflected its lower growth rate on glucose compared to P. putida KT2440 and could be probable reasons for the unique carbon source utilization hierarchy. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas bharatica CSV86T metabolizes glucose exclusively via the intracellular phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway leading the entire glucose flux through Zwf as the strain lacks oxidative routes. This may lead to limiting the concentration of downstream metabolic intermediates. The strain CSV86T possesses three isoforms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, ZwfA, ZwfB, and ZwfC. The expression profile and kinetic properties of purified enzymes will help to understand glucose metabolism. Isozyme ZwfA dominated in terms of expression and displayed cooperativity with dual cofactor specificity. ZwfB preferred NADP+, and ZwfC was NADP+ specific, which may aid in redox cofactor balance. Such beneficial metabolic flexibility facilitated the regulation of metabolic pathways giving survival/fitness advantages in dynamic environments. Additionally, multiple genes allowed the distribution of function among these isoforms where the primary function was allocated to one of the isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik A. Shah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sravanti T. Kasarlawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant S. Phale
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortiz-Ramírez P, Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Pérez de la Cruz V, Montiel-González AM, Gómez-Chávez F, Gómez-Manzo S. Biochemical and Kinetic Characterization of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Helicobacter pylori Strain 29CaP. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071359. [PMID: 35889079 PMCID: PMC9323780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been proposed as the foremost risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. We found that H. pylori express the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (HpG6PD), which participates in glucose metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that if the biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of HpG6PD contrast with the host G6PD (human G6PD, HsG6PD), HpG6PD becomes a potential target for novel drugs against H. pylori. In this work, we characterized the biochemical properties of the HpG6PD from the H.pylori strain 29CaP and expressed the active recombinant protein, to analyze its steady-state kinetics, thermostability, and biophysical aspects. In addition, we analyzed the HpG6PD in silico structural properties to compare them with those of the HsG6PD. The optimal pH for enzyme activity was 7.5, with a T1/2 of 46.6 °C, at an optimum stability temperature of 37 °C. The apparent Km values calculated for G6P and NADP+ were 75.0 and 12.8 µM, respectively. G6P does not protect HpG6PD from trypsin digestion, but NADP+ does protect the enzyme from trypsin and guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl). The biochemical characterization of HpG6PD contributes to knowledge regarding H. pylori metabolism and opens up the possibility of using this enzyme as a potential target for specific and efficient treatment against this pathogen; structural alignment indicates that the three-dimensional (3D) homodimer model of the G6PD protein from H. pylori is different from the 3D G6PD of Homo sapiens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ortiz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Programa Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala Km 10.5, San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala 90120, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Loges LN, Walstrom KM. Modeling human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutations using C. elegans GSPD-1. MicroPubl Biol 2021; 2021:10.17912/micropub.biology.000451. [PMID: 34532700 PMCID: PMC8438584 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked, recessive condition that causes intermittent jaundice or hemolytic anemia because of low NADPH levels in red blood cells. We performed steady-state enzyme kinetics with the recombinant C. elegans ortholog of human G6PD, GSPD-1, and two mutants containing amino acid changes found in human patients. The K M values for glucose-6-phosphate were 100 ± 27 µM, 80 ± 22 µM, and 1000 ± 300 µM for the wild-type, D60N, and R252L GSPD-1 enzymes, respectively. The specific activities of the D60N and R252L mutants were 59% and 11%, respectively, of the wild-type value. Protein homology modeling suggested that the R252L mutation was more severe because the mutation caused a shift in the position of some active site residues. The D60N mutation may have affected the conformation of an outer loop of the enzyme. These data demonstrate that GSPD-1 is a promising model for human G6PD deficiencies, with the advantage that potential treatments could be studied in vivo in C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza N. Loges
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, USA
- Currently at Dept. of Global Health, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernández-Ochoa B, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Ortiz-Ramírez P, Morales-Luna L, Martínez-Rosas V, González-Valdez A, Gómez-Chávez F, Enríquez-Flores S, Wong-Baeza C, Baeza-Ramírez I, Pérez de la Cruz V, Gómez-Manzo S. Identification and In Silico Characterization of Novel Helicobacter pylori Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164955. [PMID: 34443540 PMCID: PMC8401736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogen that can remain in the stomach of an infected person for their entire life. As a result, this leads to the development of severe gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. In addition, current therapies have several problems including antibiotics resistance. Therefore, new practical options to eliminate this bacterium, and its induced affections, are required to avoid morbidity and mortality worldwide. One strategy in the search for new drugs is to detect compounds that inhibit a limiting step in a central metabolic pathway of the pathogen of interest. In this work, we tested 55 compounds to gain insights into their possible use as new inhibitory drugs of H. pylori glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (HpG6PD) activity. The compounds YGC-1; MGD-1, MGD-2; TDA-1; and JMM-3 with their respective scaffold 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione; 1H-benzimidazole; 1,3-benzoxazole, morpholine, and biphenylcarbonitrile showed the best inhibitory activity (IC50 = 310, 465, 340, 204 and 304 μM, respectively). We then modeled the HpG6PD protein by homology modeling to conduct an in silico study of the chemical compounds and discovers its possible interactions with the HpG6PD enzyme. We found that compounds can be internalized at the NADP+ catalytic binding site. Hence, they probably exert a competitive inhibitory effect with NADP+ and a non-competitive or uncompetitive effect with G6P, that of the compounds binding far from the enzyme’s active site. Based on these findings, the tested compounds inhibiting HpG6PD represent promising novel drug candidates against H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (B.H.-O.); (V.M.-R.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Paulina Ortiz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (B.H.-O.); (V.M.-R.)
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enríquez-Flores
- Laboratorio de EIMyT, Grupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (C.W.-B.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Isabel Baeza-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (C.W.-B.); (I.B.-R.)
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; (P.O.-R.); (L.M.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vu HH, Jin C, Chang JH. Structural basis for substrate recognition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:85-91. [PMID: 33765558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is considered to be the main source of reducing power for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and is a precursor of 5-carbon sugar used by cells. To uncover the structural features of the enzyme, we determined the crystal structures of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlG6PD) in both the apo form and a binary complex with its substrate glucose-6-phosphate. KlG6PD contains a Rossman-like domain for cofactor NADPH binding; it also presents a typical antiparallel β sheet at the C-terminal domain with relatively the same pattern as those of other homologous structures. Moreover, our structural and biochemical analyses revealed that Lys153 contributes significantly to substrate G6P recognition. This study may provide insights into the structural variation and catalytic features of the G6PD enzyme.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dangthu Q, Jang S, Lee C. Biochemical comparison of two glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes from a cold-adapted Pseudomonas mandelii. Extremophiles 2020; 24:501-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Morales-Luna L, González-Valdez A, Sixto-López Y, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Ortega-Cuellar D, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Serrano-Posada H, Centeno-Leija S, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Sierra-Palacios E, Montiel-González AM, Rufino-González Y, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Identification of the NADP + Structural Binding Site and Coenzyme Effect on the Fused G6PD::6PGL Protein from Giardia lamblia. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010046. [PMID: 31892224 PMCID: PMC7022596 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lambia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that lives in the small intestine and is the causal agent of giardiasis. It has been reported that G. lamblia exhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Our group work demonstrated that the g6pd and 6pgl genes are present in the open frame that gives rise to the fused G6PD::6PGL protein; where the G6PD region is similar to the 3D structure of G6PD in Homo sapiens. The objective of the present work was to show the presence of the structural NADP+ binding site on the fused G6PD::6PGL protein and evaluate the effect of the NADP+ molecule on protein stability using biochemical and computational analysis. A protective effect was observed on the thermal inactivation, thermal stability, and trypsin digestions assays when the protein was incubated with NADP+. By molecular docking, we determined the possible structural-NADP+ binding site, which is located between the Rossmann fold of G6PD and 6PGL. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was used to test the stability of this complex; it was determined that the presence of both NADP+ structural and cofactor increased the stability of the enzyme, which is in agreement with our experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (Y.S.-L.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (Y.S.-L.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico; (H.S.-P.); (S.C.-L.)
| | - Sara Centeno-Leija
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico; (H.S.-P.); (S.C.-L.)
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 09620, Mexico;
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala Km 10.5, San Felipe Ixtlacuixtla, 90120 Tlaxcala, Mexico;
- México de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 09620, Mexico
| | - Yadira Rufino-González
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.M.-Q.); (S.G.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442) (J.M.-Q. & S.G.-M.)
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.M.-Q.); (S.G.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900 (ext. 1442) (J.M.-Q. & S.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang MN, Zhang YF, Zhi GY, Gu XF, Han L, Zhang DH. Fabricating cholyglycine-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase conjugates for cholyglycine detection. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 67:257-264. [PMID: 31651049 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To establish cholyglycine (CG) detection via enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was used as a reporter enzyme to prepare hapten-enzyme conjugate. Gel electrophoresis and UV scanning demonstrated that G6PD was successfully labeled with cholyglycine, and CG-G6PD conjugate was obtained. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters on the preparation of CG-G6PD conjugates were investigated. Consequently, CG amount, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, d-glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), phosphate buffer and the pH, and ionic strength of solution had important effects on the residual activity of CG-G6PD. Moreover, CG amount, the pH, and G6P played important roles in changing CG labeling location on G6PD. Using the CG-G6PD conjugate as test kit, the cholyglycine-EMIT calibration curve was established, which could be employed in clinical detection of cholyglycine. This study provides some valuable information for preparing hapten-G6PD conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Na Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ya-Fang Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, Baoding Children's Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Gao-Ying Zhi
- Computer Center, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Li Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Watanabe Y, Iga C, Watanabe Y, Watanabe S. Structural insights into the catalytic and substrate recognition mechanisms of bacterial l-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1257-1266. [PMID: 31058311 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In Azospirillum brasilense, a gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium, l-arabinose is converted to α-ketoglutarate through a nonphosphorylative metabolic pathway. In the first step in the pathway, l-arabinose is oxidized to l-arabino-γ-lactone by NAD(P)-dependent l-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (AraDH) belonging to the glucose-fructose oxidoreductase/inositol dehydrogenase/rhizopine catabolism protein (Gfo/Idh/MocA) family. Here, we determined the crystal structures of apo- and NADP-bound AraDH at 1.5 and 2.2 Å resolutions, respectively. A docking model of l-arabinose and NADP-bound AraDH and structure-based mutational analyses suggest that Lys91 or Asp169 serves as a catalytic base and that Glu147, His153, and Asn173 are responsible for substrate recognition. In particular, Asn173 may play a role in the discrimination between l-arabinose and d-xylose, the C4 epimer of l-arabinose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Iga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Seiya Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.,Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ortíz C, Botti H, Buschiazzo A, Comini MA. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from the Human Pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi Evolved Unique Structural Features to Support Efficient Product Formation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2143-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
11
|
TranNgoc K, Pham N, Lee C, Jang SH. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Psychrophilic Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Sphingomonas sp. PAMC 26621. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1362. [PMID: 30889888 PMCID: PMC6471386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (EC 1.1.1.363) is a crucial regulatory enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway that provides reductive potential in the form of NADPH, as well as carbon skeletons for the synthesis of macromolecules. In this study, we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of G6PD (SpG6PD1) from a lichen-associated psychrophilic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. PAMC 26621. SpG6PD1 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein, having optimum activity at pH 7.5⁻8.5 and 30 °C for NADP⁺ and 20 °C for NAD⁺. SpG6PD1 utilized both NADP⁺ and NAD⁺, with the preferential utilization of NADP⁺. A high Km value for glucose 6-phosphate and low activation enthalpy (ΔH‡) compared with the values of mesophilic counterparts indicate the psychrophilic nature of SpG6PD1. Despite the secondary structure of SpG6PD1 being maintained between 4⁻40 °C, its activity and tertiary structure were better preserved between 4⁻20 °C. The results of this study indicate that the SpG6PD1 that has a flexible structure is most suited to a psychrophilic bacterium that is adapted to a permanently cold habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiet TranNgoc
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Nhung Pham
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - ChangWoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Sei-Heon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Lillo A, Cardi M, Landi S, Esposito S. Mechanism(s) of action of heavy metals to investigate the regulation of plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13481. [PMID: 30194387 PMCID: PMC6128849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of recombinant plastidic glucose-6P dehydrogenase from Populus trichocarpa (PtP2-G6PDH - EC 1.1.1.49) was investigated by exposing wild type and mutagenized isoforms to heavy metals. Nickel and Cadmium caused a marked decrease in PtP2-G6PDH WT activity, suggesting their poisoning effect on plant enzymes; Lead (Pb++) was substantially ineffective. Copper (Cu++) and Zinc (Zn++) exposition resulted in strongest decrease in enzyme activity, thus suggesting a physiological competition with Magnesium, a well-known activator of G6PDH activity. Kinetic analyses confirmed a competitive inhibition by Copper, and a mixed inhibition by (Cd++). Mutagenized enzymes were differently affected by HMs: the reduction of disulfide (C175–C183) exposed the NADP+ binding sites to metals; C145 participates to NADP+ cofactor binding; C194 and C242 are proposed to play a role in the regulation of NADP+/NADPH binding. Copper (and possibly Zinc) is able to occupy competitively Magnesium (Mg++) sites and/or bind to NADP+, resulting in a reduced access of NADP+ sites on the enzyme. Hence, heavy metals could be used to describe specific roles of cysteine residues present in the primary protein sequence; these results are discussed to define the biochemical mechanism(s) of inhibition of plant plastidic G6PDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia De Lillo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Cardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morales-Luna L, Serrano-Posada H, González-Valdez A, Ortega-Cuellar D, Vanoye-Carlo A, Hernández-Ochoa B, Sierra-Palacios E, Rufino-González Y, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Pérez de la Cruz V, Moreno-Vargas L, Prada-Gracia D, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Biochemical Characterization and Structural Modeling of Fused Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Phosphogluconolactonase from Giardia lamblia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2518. [PMID: 30149622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and is highly relevant in the metabolism of Giardialamblia. Previous reports suggested that the G6PD gene is fused with the 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) gene (6pgl). Therefore, in this work, we decided to characterize the fused G6PD-6PGL protein in Giardialamblia. First, the gene of g6pd fused with the 6pgl gene (6gpd::6pgl) was isolated from trophozoites of Giardialamblia and the corresponding G6PD::6PGL protein was overexpressed and purified in Escherichia coli. Then, we characterized the native oligomeric state of the G6PD::6PGL protein in solution and we found a catalytic dimer with an optimum pH of 8.75. Furthermore, we determined the steady-state kinetic parameters for the G6PD domain and measured the thermal stability of the protein in both the presence and absence of guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) and observed that the G6PD::6PGL protein showed alterations in the stability, secondary structure, and tertiary structure in the presence of Gdn-HCl. Finally, computer modeling studies revealed unique structural and functional features, which clearly established the differences between G6PD::6PGL protein from G. lamblia and the human G6PD enzyme, proving that the model can be used for the design of new drugs with antigiardiasic activity. These results broaden the perspective for future studies of the function of the protein and its effect on the metabolism of this parasite as a potential pharmacological target.
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Luke F. Bugada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mason R. Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Suzuki R, Fujimoto Z, Kaneko S, Hasegawa T, Kuno A. Enhanced Azidolysis by the Formation of Stable Ser-His Catalytic Dyad in a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 10 Xylanase Mutant. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2018; 65:1-8. [PMID: 34354506 PMCID: PMC8056907 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2017_011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases require carboxyl groups as catalysts for their activity. A retaining xylanase from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86 belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10 possesses Glu128 and Glu236 that respectively function as acid/base and nucleophile. We previously developed a unique mutant of the retaining xylanase, N127S/E128H, whose deglycosylation is triggered by azide. A crystallographic study reported that the transient formation of a Ser–His catalytic dyad in the reaction cycle possibly reduced the azidolysis reaction. In the present study, we engineered a catalytic dyad with enhanced stability by site-directed mutagenesis and crystallographic study of N127S/E128H. Comparison of the Michaelis complexes of N127S/E128H with pNP-X2 and with xylopentaose showed that Ser127 could form an alternative hydrogen bond with Thr82, which disrupts the formation of the Ser–His catalytic dyad. The introduction of T82A mutation in N127S/E128H produces an enhanced first-order rate constant (6 times that of N127S/E128H). We confirmed the presence of a stable Ser–His hydrogen bond in the Michaelis complex of the triple mutant, which forms the productive tautomer of His128 that acts as an acid catalyst. Because the glycosyl azide is applicable in the bioconjugation of glycans by using click chemistry, the enzyme-assisted production of the glycosyl azide may contribute to the field of glycobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Suzuki
- 1 Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University.,2 Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
| | - Zui Fujimoto
- 3 Advanced Analysis Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- 4 Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
| | - Tsunemi Hasegawa
- 2 Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- 5 Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alencar N, Sola I, Linares M, Juárez-Jiménez J, Pont C, Viayna A, Vílchez D, Sampedro C, Abad P, Pérez-Benavente S, Lameira J, Bautista JM, Muñoz-Torrero D, Luque FJ. First homology model of Plasmodium falciparum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: Discovery of selective substrate analog-based inhibitors as novel antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:108-122. [PMID: 29407943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Plasmodium falciparum the bifunctional enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase‒6-phosphogluconolactonase (PfG6PD‒6PGL) is involved in the catalysis of the first reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway. Since this enzyme has a key role in parasite development, its unique structure represents a potential target for the discovery of antimalarial drugs. Here we describe the first 3D structural model of the G6PD domain of PfG6PD‒6PGL. Compared to the human enzyme (hG6PD), the 3D model has enabled the identification of a key difference in the substrate-binding site, which involves the replacement of Arg365 in hG6PD by Asp750 in PfG6PD. In a prospective validation of the model, this critical change has been exploited to rationally design a novel family of substrate analog-based inhibitors that can display the necessary selectivity towards PfG6PD. A series of glucose derivatives featuring an α-methoxy group at the anomeric position and different side chains at position 6 bearing distinct basic functionalities has been synthesized, and their PfG6PD and hG6PD inhibitory activities and their toxicity against parasite and mammalian cells have been assessed. Several compounds displayed micromolar affinity (Ki up to 23 μM), favorable selectivity (up to > 26-fold), and low cytotoxicity. Phenotypic assays with P. falciparum cultures revealed high micromolar IC50 values, likely as a result of poor internalization of the compounds in the parasite cell. Overall, these results endorse confidence to the 3D model of PfG6PD, paving the way for the use of target-based drug design approaches in antimalarial drug discovery studies around this promising target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Alencar
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Irene Sola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Juárez-Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Caterina Pont
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Viayna
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - David Vílchez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Cristina Sampedro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Abad
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pérez-Benavente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Lameira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos-LPDF, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais- ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Av. Augusto Correa, Nº 1- Bairro: Guamá, Cep: 66.075-900 Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - José M Bautista
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leinisch F, Mariotti M, Rykaer M, Lopez-Alarcon C, Hägglund P, Davies MJ. Peroxyl radical- and photo-oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase generates cross-links and functional changes via oxidation of tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:240-252. [PMID: 28756310 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein oxidation is a frequent event as a result of the high abundance of proteins in biological samples and the multiple processes that generate oxidants. The reactions that occur are complex and poorly understood, but can generate major structural and functional changes on proteins. Current data indicate that pathophysiological processes and multiple human diseases are associated with the accumulation of damaged proteins. In this study we investigated the mechanisms and consequences of exposure of the key metabolic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) to peroxyl radicals (ROO•) and singlet oxygen (1O2), with particular emphasis on the role of Trp and Tyr residues in protein cross-linking and fragmentation. Cross-links and high molecular mass aggregates were detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using specific antibodies. Amino acid analysis has provided evidence for Trp and Tyr consumption and formation of oxygenated products (diols, peroxides, N-formylkynurenine, kynurenine) from Trp, and di-tyrosine (from Tyr). Mass spectrometric data obtained after trypsin-digestion in the presence of H216O and H218O, has allowed the mapping of specific cross-linked residues and their locations. These data indicate that specific Tyr-Trp and di-Tyr cross-links are formed from residues that are proximal and surface-accessible, and that the extent of Trp oxidation varies markedly between sites. Limited modification at other residues is also detected. These data indicate that Trp and Tyr residues are readily modified by ROO• and 1O2 with this giving products that impact significantly on protein structure and function. The formation of such cross-links may help rationalize the accumulation of damaged proteins in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Leinisch
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michele Mariotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Rykaer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilo Lopez-Alarcon
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Corkins ME, Wilson S, Cocuron JC, Alonso AP, Bird AJ. The gluconate shunt is an alternative route for directing glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway in fission yeast. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13823-13832. [PMID: 28667014 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway both play a central role in the degradation of glucose in all domains of life. Another metabolic route that can facilitate glucose breakdown is the gluconate shunt. In this shunt glucose dehydrogenase and gluconate kinase catalyze the two-step conversion of glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway intermediate 6-phosphogluconate. Despite the presence of these enzymes in many organisms, their only established role is in the production of 6-phosphogluconate for the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. In this report we performed metabolic profiling on a strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe lacking the zinc-responsive transcriptional repressor Loz1 with the goal of identifying metabolic pathways that were altered by cellular zinc status. This profiling revealed that loz1Δ cells accumulate higher levels of gluconate. We show that the altered gluconate levels in loz1Δ cells result from increased expression of gcd1 By analyzing the activity of recombinant Gcd1 in vitro and by measuring gluconate levels in strains lacking enzymes of the gluconate shunt we demonstrate that Gcd1 encodes a novel NADP+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase that acts in a pathway with the Idn1 gluconate kinase. We also find that cells lacking gcd1 and zwf1, which encode the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, have a more severe growth phenotype than cells lacking zwf1 We propose that in S. pombe Gcd1 and Idn1 act together to shunt glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway, creating an alternative route for directing glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway that bypasses hexokinase and the rate-limiting enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana P Alonso
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics.,Center for Applied Plant Sciences
| | - Amanda J Bird
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, .,Department of Human Nutrition, and.,the Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oyugi MA, Bashiri G, Baker EN, Johnson-Winters K. Investigating the Reaction Mechanism of F 420-Dependent Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Kinetic Analysis of the Wild-Type and Mutant Enzymes. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5566-5577. [PMID: 27603793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (FGD) catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to 6-phosphogluconolactone, using F420 cofactor as the hydride transfer acceptor, within mycobacteria. A previous crystal structure of wild-type FGD led to a proposed mechanism suggesting that the active site residues His40, Trp44, and Glu109 could be involved in catalysis. We have characterized the wild-type FGD and five FGD variants (H40A, W44F, W44Y, W44A, and E109Q) by fluorescence binding assays and steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic experiments. Compared to wild-type FGD, all the variants had lower binding affinities for F420, thus suggesting that Trp44, His40, and Glu109 aid in F420 binding. While all the variants had decreased catalytic efficiencies, FGD H40A and W44A were the least efficient, having lost ∼1000- and ∼2000-fold activity, respectively. This confirms a crucial catalytic role for His40 in the FGD reaction and suggests that aromaticity at residue 44 aids catalysis. To investigate the proposed roles of Glu109 and His40 in acid-base catalysis, the pH dependence of kinetic parameters has been determined for the E109Q and H40A mutants and compared to those of the wild-type enzyme. The log kcat-pH profile of wild-type FGD and E109Q revealed two ionizable residues in the enzyme-substrate complex, while H40A displayed only one ionization event. The FGD E109Q variant displayed pH-dependent kinetic cooperativity with respect to the F420 cofactor. The multiple-turnover pre-steady-state kinetics were biphasic for wild-type FGD, W44F, W44Y, and E109Q, while the H40A and W44A variants displayed only a single phase because of their reduced catalytic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercy A Oyugi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Ghader Bashiri
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Maurice Wilkins Center for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Edward N Baker
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Maurice Wilkins Center for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kayunta Johnson-Winters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mercaldi GF, Dawson A, Hunter WN, Cordeiro AT. The structure of a Trypanosoma cruzi glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveals differences from the mammalian enzyme. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2776-86. [PMID: 27391210 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcG6PDH) catalyses the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and is considered a promising target for the discovery of a new drug against Chagas diseases. In the present work, we describe the crystal structure of TcG6PDH obtained in a ternary complex with the substrate β-d-glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and the reduced 'catalytic' cofactor NADPH, which reveals the molecular basis of substrate and cofactor recognition. A comparison with the homologous human protein sheds light on differences in the cofactor-binding site that might be explored towards the design of new NADP(+) competitive inhibitors targeting the parasite enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Mercaldi
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alice Dawson
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Willian N Hunter
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Artur T Cordeiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Matsumoto M, Lee SJ, Waters ML, Gagné MR. A catalyst selection protocol that identifies biomimetic motifs from β-hairpin libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15817-20. [PMID: 25347708 DOI: 10.1021/ja503012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Assaying a solid-phase library of histidine-containing β-hairpin peptides by a reactive tagging scheme in organic solvents selects for catalysts that reproduce the strategies used by His-based enzyme active sites to accelerate acyl- and phosphonyl-transfer reactions. Rate accelerations (k(rel)) in organic solvents of up to 2.4 × 10(8) are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaomi Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bräsen C, Esser D, Rauch B, Siebers B. Carbohydrate metabolism in Archaea: current insights into unusual enzymes and pathways and their regulation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78:89-175. [PMID: 24600042 DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00041-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of Archaea, the third domain of life, resembles in its complexity those of Bacteria and lower Eukarya. However, this metabolic complexity in Archaea is accompanied by the absence of many "classical" pathways, particularly in central carbohydrate metabolism. Instead, Archaea are characterized by the presence of unique, modified variants of classical pathways such as the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway is only partly present (if at all), and pentose degradation also significantly differs from that known for bacterial model organisms. These modifications are accompanied by the invention of "new," unusual enzymes which cause fundamental consequences for the underlying regulatory principles, and classical allosteric regulation sites well established in Bacteria and Eukarya are lost. The aim of this review is to present the current understanding of central carbohydrate metabolic pathways and their regulation in Archaea. In order to give an overview of their complexity, pathway modifications are discussed with respect to unusual archaeal biocatalysts, their structural and mechanistic characteristics, and their regulatory properties in comparison to their classic counterparts from Bacteria and Eukarya. Furthermore, an overview focusing on hexose metabolic, i.e., glycolytic as well as gluconeogenic, pathways identified in archaeal model organisms is given. Their energy gain is discussed, and new insights into different levels of regulation that have been observed so far, including the transcript and protein levels (e.g., gene regulation, known transcription regulators, and posttranslational modification via reversible protein phosphorylation), are presented.
Collapse
|
23
|
Née G, Aumont-Nicaise M, Zaffagnini M, Nessler S, Valerio-Lepiniec M, Issakidis-Bourguet E. Redox regulation of chloroplastic G6PDH activity by thioredoxin occurs through structural changes modifying substrate accessibility and cofactor binding. Biochem J 2014; 457:117-25. [PMID: 24079807 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20130337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In chloroplasts, redox regulation of enzyme activities by TRXs (thioredoxins) allows the co-ordination of light/dark metabolisms such as the reductive (so-called Calvin-Benson) pathway and the OPPP (oxidative pentose phosphate pathway). Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox regulation of several TRX-regulated enzymes have been investigated in detail, only partial information was available for plastidial G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) catalysing the first and rate-limiting step of the OPPP. In the present study, we investigated changes in catalytic and structural properties undergone by G6PDH1 from Arabidopsis thaliana upon treatment with TRX f1, the most efficient regulator of the enzyme that did not show a stable interaction with its target. We found that the formation of the regulatory disulfide bridge that leads to activation of the enzyme allows better substrate accessibility to the active site and strongly modifies the cofactor-binding properties. Structural modelling and data from biochemical and biophysical studies of site-directed mutant proteins support a mechanism in which the positioning/function of the highly conserved Arg(131) in the cofactor-binding site can be directly influenced by the redox state of the adjacent regulatory disulfide bridge. These findings constitute another example of modifications to catalytic properties of a chloroplastic enzyme upon redox regulation, but by a mechanism unique to G6PDH.
Collapse
|
24
|
Schomburg KT, Ardao I, Götz K, Rieckenberg F, Liese A, Zeng AP, Rarey M. Computational biotechnology: Prediction of competitive substrate inhibition of enzymes by buffer compounds with protein–ligand docking. J Biotechnol 2012; 161:391-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
Glucose is a fundamental energy source for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The balance between glucose utilization and storage is integral for proper energy homeostasis, and defects are associated with several diseases, e.g. type II diabetes. In vertebrates, the transcription factor ChREBP is a major component in glucose metabolism, while its ortholog MondoA is involved in glucose uptake. Both MondoA and ChREBP contain five Mondo conserved regions (MCRI-V) that affect their cellular localization and transactivation ability. While phosphorylation has been shown to affect ChREBP function, the mechanisms controlling glucose response of both ChREBP and MondoA remain elusive. By incorporating sequence analysis techniques, structure predictions, and functional annotations, we synthesized data surrounding Mondo family proteins into a cohesive, accurate, and general model involving the MCRs and two additional domains that determine ChREBP and MondoA glucose response. Paramount, we identified a conserved motif within the transactivation region of Mondo family proteins and propose that this motif interacts with the phosphorylated form of glucose. In addition, we discovered a putative nuclear receptor box in non-vertebrate Mondo and vertebrate ChREBP sequences that reveals a potentially novel interaction with nuclear receptors. These interactions are likely involved in altering ChREBP and MondoA conformation to form an active complex and induce transcription of genes involved in glucose metabolism and lipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G McFerrin
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Flores-Morales P, Diema C, Vilaseca M, Estelrich J, Luque FJ, Gutiérrez-Oliva S, Toro-Labbé A, Silva E. Enhanced reactivity of Lys182 explains the limited efficacy of biogenic amines in preventing the inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by methylglyoxal. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:1613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Kamiya K, Boero M, Shiraishi K, Oshiyama A, Shigeta Y. Energy Compensation Mechanism for Charge-Separated Protonation States in Aspartate−Histidine Amino Acid Residue Pairs. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:6567-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906148m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Kamiya
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sanban-cho, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan, Center for Computational
| | - Mauro Boero
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sanban-cho, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan, Center for Computational
| | - Kenji Shiraishi
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sanban-cho, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan, Center for Computational
| | - Atsushi Oshiyama
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sanban-cho, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan, Center for Computational
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Koto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sanban-cho, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg 2, France, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan, Center for Computational
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sulzenbacher G, Liu QP, Bennett EP, Levery SB, Bourne Y, Ponchel G, Clausen H, Henrissat B. A novel α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase family with an NAD+-dependent catalytic mechanism suitable for enzymatic removal of blood group A antigens. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903424259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
29
|
Cordeiro AT, Thiemann OH, Michels PA. Inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by human steroids and their effects on the viability of cultured parasites. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2483-9. [PMID: 19231202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is known as an intermediate in the synthesis of mammalian steroids and a potent uncompetitive inhibitor of mammalian glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), but not the enzyme from plants and lower eukaryotes. G6PDH catalyzes the first step of the pentose-phosphate pathway supplying cells with ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor of nucleic acid synthesis, and NADPH for biosynthetic processes and protection against oxidative stress. In this paper we demonstrate that also G6PDH of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei is uncompetitively inhibited by DHEA and epiandrosterone (EA), with K(i) values in the lower micromolar range. A viability assay confirmed the toxic effect of both steroids on cultured T. brucei bloodstream form cells. Additionally, RNAi mediated reduction of the G6PDH level in T. brucei bloodstream forms validated this enzyme as a drug target against Human African Trypanosomiasis. Together these findings show that inhibition of G6PDH by DHEA derivatives may lead to the development of a new class of anti-trypanosomatid compounds.
Collapse
|
30
|
Asensio C, Levoin N, Guillaume C, Guerquin MJ, Rouguieg K, Chrétien F, Chapleur Y, Netter P, Minn A, Lapicque F. Irreversible inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by the coenzyme A conjugate of ketoprofen: a key to oxidative stress induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:405-16. [PMID: 17094951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been considered relevant to the occurrence of gastro-intestinal side-effects. In the case of chiral arylpropionate derivatives like ketoprofen (KPF), this mechanism has been evidenced for the R-enantiomer, especially when chiral inversion was observed, and lets us suppose the involvement of CoA conjugates. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the crucial enzyme to regenerate the GSH pool and maintain the intracellular redox potential. This enzyme is known to be down-regulated by palmitoyl-CoA thioester. We hypothesised then that G6PD is the target of carboxylic NSAIDs, via their CoA metabolites. We used molecular docking to localise a putative site in the human G6PD then we chose the Yeast orthologue, as the most suitable species to study experimentally the precise molecular interaction. KPF-CoA was effectively shown to bind covalently to the unique cysteine residue of the yeast enzyme. Binding was found to occur in the same site as palmitoyl-CoA. It was decreased in the presence of an allosteric inhibitor of G6PD, phospho(enol)pyruvate, and was not detected with G6PD of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which does not possess the allosteric site. This site is distinct from the catalytic site, and probably allosteric, explaining the observed non-competitive inhibition of its activity by KPF-CoA. KPF-CoA was shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species in Caco-2 cells, where its inhibition of G6PD activity was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Asensio
- UMR 7561 CNRS-UHP, Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires, Faculté de Médecine, BP 184, F-54505 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Watanabe S, Kodaki T, Kodak T, Makino K. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Bacterial l-Arabinose 1-Dehydrogenase Involved in an Alternative Pathway of l-Arabinose Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:2612-23. [PMID: 16326697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506477200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Azospirillum brasiliense converts L-arabinose to alpha-ketoglutarate via five hypothetical enzymatic steps. We purified and characterized L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.46), catalyzing the conversion of L-arabinose to L-arabino-gamma-lactone as an enzyme responsible for the first step of this alternative pathway of L-arabinose metabolism. The purified enzyme preferred NADP+ to NAD+ as a coenzyme. Kinetic analysis revealed that the enzyme had high catalytic efficiency for both L-arabinose and D-galactose. The gene encoding L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase was cloned using a partial peptide sequence of the purified enzyme and was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a fully active enzyme. The enzyme consists of 308 amino acids and has a calculated molecular mass of 33,663.92 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence had some similarity to glucose-fructose oxidoreductase, D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase, and D-galactose 1-dehydrogenase. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the enzyme possesses unique catalytic amino acid residues. Northern blot analysis showed that this gene was induced by L-arabinose but not by D-galactose. Furthermore, a disruptant of the L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase gene did not grow on L-arabinose but grew on D-galactose at the same growth rate as the wild-type strain. There was a partial gene for L-arabinose transport in the flanking region of the L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase gene. These results indicated that the enzyme is involved in the metabolism of L-arabinose but not D-galactose. This is the first identification of a gene involved in an alternative pathway of L-arabinose metabolism in bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Watanabe
- Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Saikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ganea E, Harding JJ. Trehalose and 6-aminohexanoic acid stabilize and renature glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inactivated by glycation and by guanidinium hydrochloride. Biol Chem 2005; 386:269-78. [PMID: 15843172 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2005.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of naturally occurring small organic molecules, primarily involved in maintaining osmotic pressure in the cell, display chaperone-like activity, stabilizing the native conformation of proteins and protecting them from various kinds of stress. Most of them are sugars, polyols, amino acids or methylamines. In addition to their intrinsic protein-stabilizing activity, these small organic stress molecules regulate the activity of some molecular chaperones, and may stabilize the folded state of proteins involved in unfolding or in misfolding diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, or alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and cystic fibrosis, respectively. Similar to molecular chaperones, most of these compounds have no substrate specificity, but some specifically stabilize certain proteins, e.g., 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHA) stabilizes apolipoprotein A. In the present work, the capacity of 6-aminohexanoic acid to stabilize non-specifically other proteins is demonstrated. Both trehalose and AHA significantly protect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) against glycation-induced inactivation, and renatured enzyme already inactivated by glycation and by guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl). To the best of our knowledge, there are no data on the effect of these compounds on protein glycation. The correlation between the recovery of enzyme activity and structural changes indicated by fluorescence spectroscopy and Western blotting contribute to better understanding of the protein stabilization mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ganea
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Merritt J, Butz JA, Ogunnaike BA, Edwards JS. Parallel analysis of mutant human glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in yeast using PCR colonies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 92:519-31. [PMID: 16193512 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a highly parallel strategy to analyze the impact of single nucleotide mutations on protein function. Using our method, it is possible to screen a population and quickly identify a subset of functionally interesting mutants. Our method utilizes a combination of yeast functional complementation, growth competition of mutant pools, and polymerase colonies. A defined mutant human glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase library was constructed which contains all possible single nucleotide missense mutations in the eight-residue glucose-6-phosphate binding peptide of the enzyme. Mutant human enzymes were expressed in a zwf1 (gene encoding yeast homologue) deletion strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth rates of the 54 mutant strains arising from this library were measured in parallel in conditions selective for active hG6PD. Several residues were identified which tolerated no mutations (Asp200, His201 and Lys205) and two (Ile199 and Leu203) tolerated several substitutions. Arg198, Tyr202, and Gly204 tolerated only 1-2 specific substitutions. Generalizing from the positions of tolerated and non-tolerated amino acid substitutions, hypotheses were generated about the functional role of specific residues, which could, potentially, be tested using higher resolution/lower throughput methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Merritt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Barycki JJ, O'Brien LK, Strauss AW, Banaszak LJ. Glutamate 170 of human l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is required for proper orientation of the catalytic histidine and structural integrity of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:36718-26. [PMID: 11451959 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104839200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
l-3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), the penultimate enzyme in the beta-oxidation spiral, reversibly catalyzes the conversion of l-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to the corresponding 3-ketoacyl-CoA. Similar to other dehydrogenases, HAD contains a general acid/base, His(158), which is within hydrogen bond distance of a carboxylate, Glu(170). To investigate its function in this catalytic dyad, Glu(170) was replaced with glutamine (E170Q), and the mutant enzyme was characterized. Whereas substrate and cofactor binding were unaffected by the mutation, E170Q exhibited diminished catalytic activity. Protonation of the catalytic histidine did not restore wild-type activity, indicating that modulation of the pK(a) of His(158) is not the sole function of Glu(170). The pH profile of charge transfer complex formation, an independent indicator of active site integrity, was unaltered by the amino acid substitution, but the intensity of the charge transfer band was diminished. This observation, coupled with significantly reduced enzymatic stability of the E170Q mutant, implicates Glu(170) in maintenance of active site architecture. Examination of the crystal structure of E170Q in complex with NAD(+) and acetoacetyl-CoA (R = 21.9%, R(free) = 27.6%, 2.2 A) reveals that Gln(170) no longer hydrogen bonds to the side chain of His(158). Instead, the imidazole ring is nearly perpendicular to its placement in the comparable native complex and no longer positioned for efficient catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Barycki
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Miclet E, Stoven V, Michels PA, Opperdoes FR, Lallemand JY, Duffieux F. NMR spectroscopic analysis of the first two steps of the pentose-phosphate pathway elucidates the role of 6-phosphogluconolactonase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:34840-6. [PMID: 11457850 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105174200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pentose-phosphate pathway provides reductive power and nucleotide precursors to the cell through oxidative and nonoxidative branches, respectively. 6-Phosphogluconolactonase is the second enzyme of the oxidative branch and catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactones, the products of glucose 6-phosphate oxidation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The role of 6-phosphogluconolactonase was still questionable, because 6-phosphogluconolactones were believed to undergo rapid spontaneous hydrolysis. In this work, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical scheme and kinetic features of the oxidative branch. We show that 6-phosphogluconolactones have in fact a nonnegligible lifetime and are highly electrophilic compounds. The delta form (1-5) of the lactone is the only product of glucose 6-phosphate oxidation. Subsequently, it leads to the gamma form (1-4) by intramolecular rearrangement. However, only the delta form undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis, the gamma form being a "dead end" of this branch. The delta form is the only substrate for 6-phosphogluconolactonase. Therefore, 6-phosphogluconolactonase activity accelerates hydrolysis of the delta form, thus preventing its conversion into the gamma form. Furthermore, 6-phosphogluconolactonase guards against the accumulation of delta-6-phosphogluconolactone, which may be toxic through its reaction with endogenous cellular nucleophiles. Finally, the difference between activity of human, Trypanosoma brucei, and Plasmodium falciparum 6-phosphogluconolactonases is reported and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Miclet
- Département de Chimie, Synthèse Organique Groupe de RMN, Ecole polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|