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Li L, Huang J, Liu Y. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibrillin-1 in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1302285. [PMID: 38269088 PMCID: PMC10806136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1302285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is a large, cysteine-rich, calcium binding extracellular matrix glycoprotein encoded by FBN1 gene. It serves as a structural component of microfibrils and provides force-bearing mechanical support in elastic and nonelastic connective tissue. As such, mutations in the FBN1 gene can cause a wide variety of genetic diseases such as Marfan syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular abnormalities. FBN1 also interacts with numerous microfibril-associated proteins, growth factors and cell membrane receptors, thereby mediating a wide range of biological processes such as cell survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Dysregulation of FBN1 is involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular disorders and kidney diseases. Paradoxically, both depletion and overexpression of FBN1 upregulate the bioavailability and signal transduction of TGF-β via distinct mechanisms in different settings. In this review, we summarize the structure and expression of FBN1 and present our current understanding of the functional role of FBN1 in various human diseases. This knowledge will allow to develop better strategies for therapeutic intervention of FBN1 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Zhang RM, Zeyer KA, Odenthal N, Zhang Y, Reinhardt DP. The fibrillin-1 RGD motif posttranscriptionally regulates ERK1/2 signaling and fibroblast proliferation via miR-1208. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21598. [PMID: 33871068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100282r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein which contains one conserved RGD integrin-binding motif. It constitutes the backbone of microfibrils in many tissues, and mutations in fibrillin-1 cause various connective tissue disorders. Although it is well established that fibrillin-1 interacts with several RGD-dependent integrins, very little is known about the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Recent published evidence identified a subset of miRNAs regulated by fibrillin-1 RGD-cell adhesion, with miR-1208 among the most downregulated. The present study shows that the downregulated miR-1208 controls fibroblast proliferation. Inhibitor experiments revealed that fibrillin-1 RGD suppressed miR-1208 expression via c-Src kinase and the downstream JNK signaling. Bioinformatic prediction and experimental target sequence validation demonstrated four miR-1208 binding sites on the ERK2 mRNA and one on the MEK1 mRNA. ERK2 and MEK1 are critical proliferation-promoting kinases. Decreased miR-1208 levels elevated the total and phosphorylated ERK1/2 and MEK1/2 protein levels and the phosphorylated to total ERK1/2 ratio. Together, the data demonstrate a novel outside-in signaling mechanism explaining how fibrillin-1 RGD-cell binding regulates fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Mo Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karina A Zeyer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nadine Odenthal
- Department of Natural Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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3
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Balic Z, Misra S, Willard B, Reinhardt DP, Apte SS, Hubmacher D. Alternative splicing of the metalloprotease ADAMTS17 spacer regulates secretion and modulates autoproteolytic activity. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21310. [PMID: 33484187 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001120rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ADAMTS proteases mediate biosynthesis and breakdown of secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in numerous physiological and disease processes. In addition to their catalytic domains, ADAMTS proteases contain ancillary domains, which mediate substrate recognition and ECM binding and confer distinctive properties and roles to individual ADAMTS proteases. Although alternative splicing can greatly expand the structural and functional diversity of ADAMTS proteases, it has been infrequently reported and functional consequences have been rarely investigated. Here, we characterize the structural and functional impact of alternative splicing of ADAMTS17, mutations in which cause Weill-Marchesani syndrome 4. Two novel ADAMTS17 splice variants, ADAMTS17A and ADAMTS17B, were investigated by structural modeling, mass spectrometry, and biochemical approaches. Our results identify a novel disulfide-bridged insertion in the ADAMTS17A spacer that originates from inclusion of a novel exon. This insertion results in differential autoproteolysis of ADAMTS17, and thus, predicts altered proteolytic activity against other substrates. The second variant, ADAMTS17B, results from an in-frame exon deletion and prevents ADAMTS17B secretion. Thus, alternative splicing of the ADAMTS spacer significantly regulates the physiologically relevant proteolytic activity of ADAMTS17, either by altering proteolytic specificity (ADAMTS17A) or by altering cellular localization (ADAMTS17B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Balic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Belinda Willard
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Suneel S Apte
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Matsuzaki T, Keene DR, Nishimoto E, Noda M. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs and MT1-MMP promote the formation of robust fibrillin fibers. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:1980-1995. [PMID: 32730638 PMCID: PMC7818472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillins (FBNs) form mesh-like structures of microfibrils in various elastic tissues. RECK and FBN1 are co-expressed in many human tissues, suggesting a functional relationship. We found that dermal FBN1 fibers show atypical morphology in mice with reduced RECK expression (RECK-Hypo mice). Dermal FBN1 fibers in mice-lacking membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) show a similar atypical morphology, despite the current notion that MT1-MMP (a membrane-bound protease) and RECK (a membrane-bound protease inhibitor) have opposing functions. Our experiments using dermal fibroblasts indicated that RECK promotes pro-MT1-MMP activation, increases cell-associated gelatinase/collagenase activity, and decreases diffusible gelatinase/collagenase activity, while MT1-MMP stabilizes RECK in these cells. Experiments using purified proteins indicate that RECK and its binding partner ADAMTS10 keep the proteolytic activity of MT1-MMP within a certain range. These findings suggest that RECK, ADAMTS10, and MT1-MMP cooperate to support the formation of robust FBN1 fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Departments of Medical Genetics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shriners Hospital for ChildrenOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregon
| | - Emi Nishimoto
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular OncologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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5
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Orimoto A, Fukuda T. ADAMTSL6β promotes fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly, which is possibly mediated via binding through the third thrombospondin type I domain to fibrillin-1. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1436-1446. [PMID: 32141660 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is the major component of extracellular matrix microfibrils. Microfibrils dysfunction is responsible for the onset of various connective tissue diseases, including Marfan syndrome. Although ADAMTSL (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-like) 6β is one of the fibrillin-1 binding proteins, the detailed mechanism underlying the involvement of ADAMTSL6β in microfibril formation remains unclear. In this study, we created deletion mutants of ADAMTSL6β and examined their interactions with fibrillin-1 assembly. Pull-down assay of the ADAMTSL6β deletion mutants and fibrillin-1 protein revealed that ADAMTSL6β binds to fibrillin-1 through the third thrombospondin type I domain. Furthermore, we observed that formation of fibrillin-1 matrix assembly was enhanced in MG63 cells, expressing full-length ADAMTSL6β, when compared with that of wild type MG63 cells. While MG63 cells expressing Δ TSP3-ADAMTSL6β form showed enhanced assembly formation, Δ TSP2-ADAMTSL6β form did not enhance that, indicating the difference between Δ TSP2-Δ TSP3 has a critical role for fibrillin-1 assembly. As the difference of Δ TSP2-Δ TSP3 is the third thrombospondin type I domain, we concluded that the third thrombospondin type I domain of ADAMTSL6β influence the microfibril formation. Our data are the functional presentation of the biological role of ADAMTSL6β in the process of microfibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Orimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.,Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
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6
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Hubmacher D. Cell-Based Interaction Analysis of ADAMTS Proteases and ADAMTS-Like Proteins with Fibrillin Microfibrils. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2043:195-206. [PMID: 31463913 PMCID: PMC6910243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9698-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a composite biomaterial that serves as an anchor for cells and provides guidance cues for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. However, many details of the hierarchical ECM assembly process and the role of individual protein-protein interactions are not well understood. Here, I describe a cell-culture-based method that allows for determination of the ECM localization of recombinant ADAMTS proteases and ADAMTS-like (L) proteins in relationship to fibrillin microfibrils deposited by human dermal fibroblasts. The method can be readily adapted to study the localization of ECM components other than ADAMTS and ADAMTSL proteins to fibrillin microfibrils and other ECM networks.
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7
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Karoulias SZ, Beyens A, Balic Z, Symoens S, Vandersteen A, Rideout AL, Dickinson J, Callewaert B, Hubmacher D. A novel ADAMTS17 variant that causes Weill-Marchesani syndrome 4 alters fibrillin-1 and collagen type I deposition in the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 2019; 88:1-18. [PMID: 31726086 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the musculoskeletal system, the eye, and the cardiovascular system. Individuals with WMS present with short stature, joint contractures, thick skin, microspherophakia, small and dislocated lenses, and cardiac valve anomalies. WMS can be caused by recessive mutations in ADAMTS10 (WMS 1), ADAMTS17 (WMS 4), or LTBP2 (WMS 3), or by dominant mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) (WMS 2); all genes encode secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Individuals with WMS 4 due to ADAMTS17 mutations appear to have less severe cardiac involvement and present predominantly with the musculoskeletal and ocular features of WMS. ADAMTS17 is a member of the ADAMTS family of secreted proteases and directly binds to fibrillins. Here we report a novel pathogenic variant in ADAMTS17 that causes WMS 4 in an individual with short stature, brachydactyly, and small, spherical, and dislocated lenses. We provide biochemical and cell biological insights in the pathomechanisms of WMS 4, which also suggest potential biological functions for ADAMTS17. We show that the variant in ADAMTS17 prevents its secretion and we found intracellular accumulation of fibrillin-1 and collagen type I in patient-derived skin fibroblasts. In accordance, transmission electron microscopy revealed elastic fiber abnormalities, decreased collagen fibril diameters, and intracellular collagen accumulation in the dermis of the proband. Together, the data indicate a possible role for ADAMTS17 in the secretion of fibrillin-1 and collagen type I or in their early assembly in the pericellular matrix or the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Z Karoulias
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aude Beyens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zerina Balic
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Anthony Vandersteen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea L Rideout
- Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John Dickinson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Godwin ARF, Singh M, Lockhart-Cairns MP, Alanazi YF, Cain SA, Baldock C. The role of fibrillin and microfibril binding proteins in elastin and elastic fibre assembly. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:17-30. [PMID: 31226403 PMCID: PMC6943813 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin is a large evolutionarily ancient extracellular glycoprotein that assembles to form beaded microfibrils which are essential components of most extracellular matrices. Fibrillin microfibrils have specific biomechanical properties to endow animal tissues with limited elasticity, a fundamental feature of the durable function of large blood vessels, skin and lungs. They also form a template for elastin deposition and provide a platform for microfibril-elastin binding proteins to interact in elastic fibre assembly. In addition to their structural role, fibrillin microfibrils mediate cell signalling via integrin and syndecan receptors, and microfibrils sequester transforming growth factor (TGF)β family growth factors within the matrix to provide a tissue store which is critical for homeostasis and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R F Godwin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mukti Singh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael P Lockhart-Cairns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yasmene F Alanazi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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9
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The Fibrillin-1 RGD Integrin Binding Site Regulates Gene Expression and Cell Function through microRNAs. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:401-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Kuppireddy VS, Uversky VN, Toh SS, Tsai MC, Beckerson WC, Cahill C, Carman B, Perlin MH. Identification and Initial Characterization of the Effectors of an Anther Smut Fungus and Potential Host Target Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2489. [PMID: 29165363 PMCID: PMC5713455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Plant pathogenic fungi often display high levels of host specificity and biotrophic fungi; in particular, they must manipulate their hosts to avoid detection and to complete their obligate pathogenic lifecycles. One important strategy of such fungi is the secretion of small proteins that serve as effectors in this process. Microbotryum violaceum is a species complex whose members infect members of the Caryophyllaceae; M. lychnidis-dioicae, a parasite on Silene latifolia, is one of the best studied interactions. We are interested in identifying and characterizing effectors of the fungus and possible corresponding host targets; (2) Methods: In silico analysis of the M. lychnidis-dioicae genome and transcriptomes allowed us to predict a pool of small secreted proteins (SSPs) with the hallmarks of effectors, including a lack of conserved protein family (PFAM) domains and also localized regions of disorder. Putative SSPs were tested for secretion using a yeast secretion trap method. We then used yeast two-hybrid analyses for candidate-secreted effectors to probe a cDNA library from a range of growth conditions of the fungus, including infected plants; (3) Results: Roughly 50 SSPs were identified by in silico analysis. Of these, 4 were studied further and shown to be secreted, as well as examined for potential host interactors. One of the putative effectors, MVLG_01732, was found to interact with Arabidopsis thaliana calcium-dependent lipid binding protein (AtCLB) and with cellulose synthase interactive protein 1 orthologues; and (4) Conclusions: The identification of a pool of putative effectors provides a resource for functional characterization of fungal proteins that mediate the delicate interaction between pathogen and host. The candidate targets of effectors, e.g., AtCLB, involved in pollen germination suggest tantalizing insights that could drive future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata S Kuppireddy
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Biology and University of South Florida Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Su San Toh
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - William C Beckerson
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Catarina Cahill
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Brittany Carman
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
| | - Michael H Perlin
- Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, USA.
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11
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Kielty CM. Fell-Muir Lecture: Fibrillin microfibrils: structural tensometers of elastic tissues? Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:172-190. [PMID: 28905442 PMCID: PMC5639267 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils are indispensable structural elements of connective tissues in multicellular organisms from early metazoans to humans. They have an extensible periodic beaded organization, and support dynamic tissues such as ciliary zonules that suspend the lens. In tissues that express elastin, including blood vessels, skin and lungs, microfibrils support elastin deposition and shape the functional architecture of elastic fibres. The vital contribution of microfibrils to tissue form and function is underscored by the heritable fibrillinopathies, especially Marfan syndrome with severe elastic, ocular and skeletal tissue defects. Research since the early 1990s has advanced our knowledge of biology of microfibrils, yet understanding of their mechanical and homeostatic contributions to tissues remains far from complete. This review is a personal reflection on key insights, and puts forward the conceptual hypothesis that microfibrils are structural 'tensometers' that direct cells to monitor and respond to altered tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cay M Kielty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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New insights into the structure, assembly and biological roles of 10–12 nm connective tissue microfibrils from fibrillin-1 studies. Biochem J 2016; 473:827-38. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20151108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 10–12 nm diameter microfibrils of the extracellular matrix (ECM) impart both structural and regulatory properties to load-bearing connective tissues. The main protein component is the calcium-dependent glycoprotein fibrillin, which assembles into microfibrils at the cell surface in a highly regulated process involving specific proteolysis, multimerization and glycosaminoglycan interactions. In higher metazoans, microfibrils act as a framework for elastin deposition and modification, resulting in the formation of elastic fibres, but they can also occur in elastin-free tissues where they perform structural roles. Fibrillin microfibrils are further engaged in a number of cell matrix interactions such as with integrins, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and the large latent complex of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) mutations are associated with a range of heritable connective disorders, including Marfan syndrome (MFS) and the acromelic dysplasias, suggesting that the roles of 10–12 nm diameter microfibrils are pleiotropic. In recent years the use of molecular, cellular and whole-organism studies has revealed that the microfibril is not just a structural component of the ECM, but through its network of cell and matrix interactions it can exert profound regulatory effects on cell function. In this review we assess what is known about the molecular properties of fibrillin that enable it to assemble into the 10–12 nm diameter microfibril and perform such diverse roles.
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Engineered mutations in fibrillin-1 leading to Marfan syndrome act at the protein, cellular and organismal levels. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 765:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Jensen SA, Iqbal S, Bulsiewicz A, Handford PA. A microfibril assembly assay identifies different mechanisms of dominance underlying Marfan syndrome, stiff skin syndrome and acromelic dysplasias. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4454-63. [PMID: 25979247 PMCID: PMC4492404 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is the major component of the 10–12 nm diameter extracellular matrix microfibrils. The majority of mutations affecting the human fibrillin-1 gene, FBN1, result in Marfan syndrome (MFS), a common connective tissue disorder characterised by tall stature, ocular and cardiovascular defects. Recently, stiff skin syndrome (SSS) and a group of syndromes known collectively as the acromelic dysplasias, which typically result in short stature, skin thickening and joint stiffness, have been linked to FBN1 mutations that affect specific domains of the fibrillin-1 protein. Despite their apparent phenotypic differences, dysregulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a common factor in all of these disorders. Using a newly developed assay to track the secretion and incorporation of full-length, GFP-tagged fibrillin-1 into the extracellular matrix, we investigated whether or not there were differences in the secretion and microfibril assembly profiles of fibrillin-1 variants containing substitutions associated with MFS, SSS or the acromelic dysplasias. We show that substitutions in fibrillin-1 domains TB4 and TB5 that cause SSS and the acromelic dysplasias do not prevent fibrillin-1 from being secreted or assembled into microfibrils, whereas MFS-associated substitutions in these domains result in a loss of recombinant protein in the culture medium and no association with microfibrils. These results suggest fundamental differences in the dominant pathogenic mechanisms underlying MFS, SSS and the acromelic dysplasias, which give rise to TGFβ dysregulation associated with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha A Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sarah Iqbal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alicja Bulsiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Penny A Handford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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Sabatier L, Djokic J, Hubmacher D, Dzafik D, Nelea V, Reinhardt DP. Heparin/heparan sulfate controls fibrillin-1, -2 and -3 self-interactions in microfibril assembly. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2890-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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C-terminal propeptide is required for fibrillin-1 secretion and blocks premature assembly through linkage to domains cbEGF41-43. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10155-60. [PMID: 24982166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401697111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils are 10-12 nm diameter, extracellular matrix assemblies that provide dynamic tissues of metazoan species with many of their biomechanical properties as well as sequestering growth factors and cytokines. Assembly of fibrillin monomers into microfibrils is thought to occur at the cell surface, with initial steps including proprotein processing, multimerization driven by the C terminus, and the head-to-tail alignment of adjacent molecules. At present the mechanisms that regulate microfibril assembly are still to be elucidated. We have used structure-informed protein engineering to create a recombinant, GFP-tagged version of fibrillin-1 (GFP-Fbn) to study this process. Using HEK293T cells transiently transfected with GFP-Fbn constructs, we show that (i) the C-terminal propeptide is an essential requirement for the secretion of full-length fibrillin-1 from cells; (ii) failure to cleave off the C-terminal propeptide blocks the assembly of fibrillin-1 into microfibrils produced by dermal fibroblasts; and (iii) the requirement of the propeptide for secretion is linked to the presence of domains cbEGF41-43, because either deletion or exchange of domains in this region leads to cellular retention. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanism in which the propeptide blocks a key site at the C terminus to prevent premature microfibril assembly.
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