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Dalla Valle C, Sandri F, Zecca M, Rastrelli F, Campestrini S, Centomo P. Synthesis of Ion-Exchange Catalysts by Introduction of Fluorinated Ponytails into Novel Mesoporous Polymers. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103808. [PMID: 37241434 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthetic procedure for the functionalisation of styrenic cross-linked polymers with perfluorinated acyl chains has been reported. The effective significant grafting of the fluorinated moieties is supported by {1H}-13C and {19F}-13C NMR characterisations. This kind of polymer appears promising as catalytic support for a variety of reactions requiring a highly lipophilic catalyst. Indeed, the improved lipophilicity of the materials resulted in enhanced catalytic properties of the corresponding sulfonic materials in the reaction of esterification of a solution in a vegetable oil of stearic acid with methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dalla Valle
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Sandri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro Campestrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Centomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Mhadmhan S, Yoosuk B, Chareonteraboon B, Janetaisong P, Pitakjakpipop P, Henpraserttae S, Udomsap P. Elimination of free fatty acid from palm oil by adsorption process using a strong base anion exchange resin. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kulikov L, Kalinina M, Makeeva D, Maximov A, Kardasheva Y, Terenina M, Karakhanov E. Palladium Catalysts Based on Porous Aromatic Frameworks, Modified with Ethanolamino-Groups, for Hydrogenation of Alkynes, Alkenes and Dienes. Catalysts 2020; 10:1106. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work describes an attempt to synthesize hybrid materials combining porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) and dendrimers and use them to obtain novel highly active and selective palladium catalysts. PAFs are carbon porous materials with rigid aromatic structure and high stability, and the dendrimers are macromolecules which can effectively stabilize metal nanoparticles and tune their activity in catalytic reactions. Two porous aromatic frameworks, PAF-20 and PAF-30, are modified step-by-step with diethanolamine and hydroxyl groups at the ends of which are replaced by new diethanolamine molecules. Then, palladium nanoparticles are applied to the synthesized materials. Properties of the obtained materials and catalysts are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, low temperature N2 adsorption and elemental analysis. The resulting catalysts are successfully applied as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes at very high (up to 90,000) substrate/Pd ratios.
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Dalla Valle C, Zecca M, Rastrelli F, Tubaro C, Centomo P. Effect of the Sulfonation on the Swollen State Morphology of Styrenic Cross-Linked Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030600. [PMID: 32155744 PMCID: PMC7182915 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical structure and morphology of a set of sulfonic gel-type poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resins (2 mol% DVB) prepared with different synthetic approaches were investigated by solid state NMR, Inverse Size Exclusion Chromatography (ISEC), FT-IR and elemental analysis to compare their swollen state structure. FT-IR and solid state NMR clearly show that the sulfonation mainly occurs in the para- position with respect the main polymer chain. Sensible proportions of sulfone bridges were found in the materials obtained with oleum and chlorosulfonic acid. With oleum, the presence of the sulfone bridges is clearly associated to a reduced ability to swell in the water medium relative to the proton exchange capacity. This highlights the cross-linking action of the sulfone bridges according to ISEC results, showing a high proportion of a dense polymer fraction in the swollen material. An even higher degree of sulfone-bridging, lower swelling ability, and a high proportion of a dense polymer fraction in the swollen material are found in the resin obtained with chlorosulfonic acid. As a matter of fact, Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP-MAS 13C-NMR), elemental analysis, and ion exchange capacity, show that oleum and chlorosulfonic acid produced resins with remarkably smaller pores and lower swollen gel volume in polar solvents, with respect to concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Tanaka S, Liao WC, Ogawa A, Sato K, Copéret C. DNP NMR spectroscopy of cross-linked organic polymers: rational guidelines towards optimal sample preparation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3184-3190. [PMID: 31858098 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polystyrenes (PS) are an important class of polymers, whose properties are strongly dependent on incorporated functionalities, for which detailed understanding of their structure remains a challenge. Here, we develop a rational guideline for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) sample formulation for cross-linked PS to interrogate their structure. We show that the DNP enhancement on a series of cross-linked PS bearing alkylammonium groups as prototypical organic polymers correlates with the polymer swelling properties in both apolar and polar formulations (TEKPol/1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and AMUPol/dimethyl sulfoxide). This work provides guidelines to easily optimize DNP formulation using a simple swelling test and enables natural abundance 15N NMR to be recorded on a series of PS-supported quaternary alkylammonium salts, allowing a detailed structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 305-8565, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Abstract
This paper provides a bibliography of the 1995 journal literature for adsorptive and membrane-type separations. The references are taken from the 50 most important chemical engineering journals. This paper provides an update to the literature as provided in previous bibliographic papers (Ray 1990a, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996). A bibliography of the chemical engineering journal literature from 1967–1988 has been published by the author (Ray 1990b), and can provide access to a wider range of topics. A complete bibliographic listing of the chemical engineering journal literature from 1989 to 1995 (with subsequent six-monthly updates) is available on a CD-ROM database and full details can be obtained from the author. The papers included have been divided into the following subject groups: theory; design data; adsorbents; PSA and cyclic systems, and applications; liquid-phase adsorption; ion exchange, chromatography, etc.; membranes; and membrane-type separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn S. Ray
- School of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6001, Western Australia
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Liguori F, Coiai S, Passaglia E, Barbaro P. Strong Cation Exchange with Innocence: Synthesis and Characterization of Borate Containing Resins and Macroporous Monoliths. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Liguori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Serena Coiai
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
UOS Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
UOS Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Barbaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Rodrigo R, Toro CA, Cuellar J. Preparation of chloromethylated and aminated gel-type poly(styrene- co-divinylbenzene) microparticles with controlled degree of functionalization. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department; University of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos 1-5; 37008; Salamanca; Spain
| | - Claudio Andrés Toro
- Chemical Engineering Department; University of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos 1-5; 37008; Salamanca; Spain
| | - Jorge Cuellar
- Chemical Engineering Department; University of Salamanca; Plaza de los Caídos 1-5; 37008; Salamanca; Spain
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Choi M, Kleitz F, Liu D, Lee HY, Ahn WS, Ryoo R. Controlled Polymerization in Mesoporous Silica toward the Design of Organic−Inorganic Composite Nanoporous Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:1924-32. [PMID: 15701027 DOI: 10.1021/ja044907z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Free-radical polymerization inside mesoporous silica has been investigated in order to open a route to functional polymer-silica composite materials with well-defined mesoporosity. Various vinyl monomers, such as styrene, chloromethyl styrene, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid, were polymerized after impregnation into mesoporous silicas with various structures, which were synthesized using polyalkylene oxide-type block copolymers. The location of the polymers was systematically controlled with detailed structures of the silica framework and the polymerization conditions. Particularly noteworthy is the polymer-silica composite structure obtained by in situ polymerization after the selective adsorption of monomers as a uniform film on silica walls. The analysis of XRD data and the N(2) adsorption isotherms indicates the formation of uniform polymer nanocoating. The resultant polymer-silica composite materials can easily be post-functionalized to incorporate diverse functional groups in high density, due to the open porous structure allowing facile access for the chemical reagent. The fundamental characteristics of the composite materials are substantiated by testing the biomolecule's adsorption capacity and catalytic reactivity. Depending on the structure and composition of polymers, the resultant polymer-silica composite materials exhibit notably distinct adsorption properties toward biomolecules, such as proteins. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the nanocoatings of polymers deposited on the mesopore walls have remarkably enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity, as compared to that of bulk polymer resins. We believe that, due to facile functionalization and attractive textural properties, the mesoporous polymer-silica composite materials are very useful for applications, such as adsorption, separation, host-guest complexes, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkee Choi
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Durie S, Jerabek K, Mason C, Sherrington DC. One-Pot Synthesis of Branched Poly(styrene−divinylbenzene) Suspension Polymerized Resins. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0209794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Durie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, and Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rosvojova 135 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - K. Jerabek
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, and Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rosvojova 135 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - C. Mason
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, and Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rosvojova 135 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - D. C. Sherrington
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, and Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rosvojova 135 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hudson
- Biosearch Technologies, Inc., Novato, California 94949, USA.
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Binman S, Vega S, Belfer S, Shani A. Functionalization at the double-bond region of jojoba oil. 9. solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of substituted jojoba wax chemically bonded to a polystyrene matrix. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1998; 75:521-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-998-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Law R, Sherrington D. Crosslinked Polymers. Solid State NMR of Polymers. Elsevier; 1998. pp. 509-88. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-6881(98)80023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Law
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - David C. Sherrington
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
| | - Colin E. Snape
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K
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Law RV, Sherrington DC, Snape CE, Ando I, Kurosu H. Solid-State 13C MAS NMR Studies of Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene Resins. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma951606o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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