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Golubeva EA, Lavrov MI, Veremeeva PN, Vyunova TV, Shevchenko KV, Topchiy MA, Asachenko AF, Palyulin VA. New Allosteric Modulators of AMPA Receptors: Synthesis and Study of Their Functional Activity by Radioligand-Receptor Binding Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10293. [PMID: 37373440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic approaches to three new AMPA receptor modulators-derivatives of 1,11-dimethyl-3,6,9-triazatricyclo[7.3.1.13,11]tetradecane-4,8,12-trione-had been developed and all steps of synthesis were optimized. The structures of the compounds contain tricyclic cage and indane fragments necessary for binding with the target receptor. Their physiological activity was studied by radioligand-receptor binding analysis using [3H]PAM-43 as a reference ligand, which is a highly potent positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors. The results of radioligand-binding studies indicated the high potency of two synthesized compounds to bind with the same targets as positive allosteric modulator PAM-43 (at least on AMPA receptors). We suggest that the Glu-dependent specific binding site of [3H]PAM-43 or the receptor containing this site may be one of the targets of the new compounds. We also suggest that enhanced radioligand binding may indicate the existence of synergistic effects of compounds 11b and 11c with respect to PAM-43 binding to the targets. At the same time, these compounds may not compete directly with PAM-43 for its specific binding sites but bind to other specific sites of this biotarget, changing its conformation and thereby causing a synergistic effect of cooperative interaction. It can be expected that the newly synthesized compounds will also have pronounced effects on the glutamatergic system of the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Golubeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mstislav I Lavrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina N Veremeeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Vyunova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Peptides, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of Peptides, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Topchiy
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey F Asachenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Tirri M, Corli G, Arfè R, Marchetti B, Bilel S, Bernardi T, Boccuto F, Odoardi S, Mestria S, Strano-Rossi S, Marti M. Behavioral and Pharmacokinetics Studies of N-Methyl-2-Aminoindane (NM2AI) in Mice: An Aminoindane Briefly Used in the Illicit Drug Market. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug forums are considered as the main platform sources that have contributed to the increase in NPS popularity, especially for those not yet known to law enforcement and therefore not yet illegal. An example is the new synthetic stimulant NM2AI, which has a very short history of human use and abuse. Little is known regarding this compound, but some information from internet forums and the scientific literature indicates NM2AI as a structural derivate of MDAI, which is known for its entactogenic activity. Indeed, the purpose of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the in vivo acute effect induced by the intraperitoneal injection of NM2AI (1-10-30-100 mg/kg) in mice. We demonstrate the sensory (by visual placing and object tests) and physiological (core temperature measurement) function variations, nociceptor (by tail pinch test) and strength (grip test) alterations, and sensorimotor (time on rod and mobility) decrease. Moreover, we verify the mild hallucinogenic effect of NM2AI (by startle/prepulse inhibition test). Lastly, we perform a pharmacokinetic study on mice blood samples, highlighting that the main active metabolite of NM2AI is 2-aminoindane (2AI). Taken together, our data confirm the suspected entactogenic activity of NM2AI; however, these in vivo effects appear atypical and less intense with respect to those induced by the classic stimulants, in surprising analogy with what is reported by networked users.
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Golubeva EA, Lavrov MI, Veremeeva PN, Bovina EM, Radchenko EV, Topchiy MA, Asachenko AF, Zamoyski VL, Grigoriev VV, Palyulin VA. New 1,11-dimethyl-3,6,9-triazatricyclo[7.3.1.13,11]tetradecane-4,8,12-trione derivative as an allosteric modulator of the glutamatergic system. Mendeleev Communications 2023; 33:70-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Ramírez H, Fernandez-Moreira E, Rodrigues JR, Mijares MR, Ángel JE, Charris JE. Synthesis and in silico ADME/Tox profiling studies of heterocyclic hybrids based on chloroquine scaffolds with potential antimalarial activity. Parasitol Res 2021. [PMID: 34778907 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterocyclic chloroquine hybrids containing either a β-phenethylamine fragment or a 2-aminoindane moiety were synthesized and screened in vitro as inhibitors of β-hematin formation and in vivo for their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Although these new compounds were not found to be more active than chloroquine in vivo, all new compounds significantly reduced heme crystallization with IC50 values < 1 μM. Compounds 12 and 13 were able to inhibit heme crystallization with IC50 values of 0.39 ± 0.09 and 0.48 ± 0.02 μM, respectively, and these values were comparable to that of chloroquine with an IC50 value of 0.18 ± 0.03. It was also determined that the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties were moderately favorable after in silico evaluation, derivatives 8 and 10 did not present hepatotoxicity, and the in vitro hemolytic activity against red blood cells was found to be low. Spectral (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis) data for all final compounds were consistent with the proposed structures.
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Angel JE, Enriz RD, Balza KC, Angel LB, Perdomo LE, Rodríguez LC, Dabian AS, del C. Migliore B, Ramírez MM, Ortega JG, Charris JE, Israel A, del R. Garrido M, López SE, Rojas S, Andujar SA. Quinoline analogs of 2-aminoindane as potential central dopaminergic agents. Med Chem Res 2019; 28:1168-1181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nakao A, Suzuki H, Ueno H, Iwasaki H, Setsuta T, Kashima A, Sunada S. Discovery and structural analyses of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors based on non-adenosine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4952-4969. [PMID: 26037610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of a new series of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) inhibitors based on non-adenosine analogs led to very potent compounds 14n, 18a, and 18b with IC50 values of 13 ± 3, 5.0 ± 2.0, and 8.5 ± 3.1 nM, respectively. An X-ray crystal structure of AdoHcyase with NAD(+) and 18a showed a novel open form co-crystal structure. 18a in the co-crystals formed intramolecular eight membered ring hydrogen bond formations. A single crystal X-ray structure of 14n also showed an intramolecular eight-membered ring hydrogen bond interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakao
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Suzuki
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueno
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Setsuta
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Kashima
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Shinji Sunada
- Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
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Li N, Liu GG, Chen J, Pan FF, Wu B, Wang XW. Regio- and Enantioselective Organocascade Michael-Michael Reactions: Construction of Chiral Trisubstituted Indanes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Coppola M, Mondola R. 5-Iodo-2-aminoindan (5-IAI): chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of a research chemical producing MDMA-like effects. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:24-9. [PMID: 23347877 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, an internet snapshot of EMCDDA anticipated the presence of 5-iodo-2-aminoindan (5-IAI) within the recreational drug market. In 2011, this compound, a psychoactive derivative of 2-aminoindane, was identified in recreational products sold in the United Kingdom. 5-IAI is a rigid analogue of p-iodoamphetamine producing MDMA-like effects. The aim of this paper is to summarize the clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological information about this new potential drug of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coppola
- Department of Addiction, ASL CN2, Viale Coppino 46, 12051 Alba (CN), Italy.
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Koschatzky S, Tschammer N, Gmeiner P. Cross-receptor interactions between dopamine D2L and neurotensin NTS1 receptors modulate binding affinities of dopaminergics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:308-16. [PMID: 22778874 DOI: 10.1021/cn200020y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic systems have been described to functionally interact with the neuromodulatory peptide neurotensin. Employing fluorescence detected coimmunoprecipitation and radioligand binding experiments, we herein demonstrate that coexpression of dopamine D(2L) receptor and the neurotensin receptor subtype NTS(1) leads to physical interaction and the formation of heteromers in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In this in vitro system, a trans-inhibitory effect on the agonist binding affinity of D(2) was observed in presence of neurotensin. To correlate between the functional properties of dopaminergic agents and the magnitude of neurotensin-induced modulation of D(2L) binding affinities in cells coexpressing D(2L) and NTS(1), a structurally diverse set of dopamine receptor agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists was tested. Ligand specific profiles indicating substantial bias between ligand efficacy and transmodulation were discovered, suggesting a heteromerization-based functional selectivity. In the presence of neurotensin, the novel D(2) agonist FAUC 326 displayed a 34-fold decrease of binding affinity in cells coexpressing D(2L) and NTS(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Koschatzky
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D- 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D- 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D- 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Tschammer N, Elsner J, Goetz A, Ehrlich K, Schuster S, Ruberg M, Kühhorn J, Thompson D, Whistler J, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Highly potent 5-aminotetrahydropyrazolopyridines: enantioselective dopamine D3 receptor binding, functional selectivity, and analysis of receptor-ligand interactions. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2477-91. [PMID: 21388142 DOI: 10.1021/jm101639t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic dopamine surrogates of types 5 and 7 were synthesized and investigated for their dopaminergic properties. The enantiomerically pure biphenylcarboxamide (S)-5a displayed an outstanding K(i) of 27 pM at the agonist-labeled D(3) receptor and significant selectivity over the D(2) subtype. Measurement of [(35)S]GTPγS incorporation in the presence of a coexpressed PTX-insensitive G(α0-1) subunit indicated highly efficient G-protein coupling. Comparison of ligand efficacy data from cAMP accumulation and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation experiments revealed that ligand biased signaling is exerted by the test compound (S)-5a. Starting from the D(3) crystal structure, a combination of homology modeling and site directed mutagenesis gave valuable insights into the binding mode and the intermolecular origins of stereospecific receptor recognition. According to these data, the superior affinity of the eutomer 5a is caused by the favorable binding energy that results from interaction between the ligand's central ammonium unit and the aspartate residue in position 3.32 of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Tschammer N, Dörfler M, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Engineering a GPCR-ligand pair that simulates the activation of D(2L) by Dopamine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:25-35. [PMID: 22778805 DOI: 10.1021/cn900001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, engineered G-protein-coupled receptors activated solely by synthetic ligands (RASSLs) have been implemented as a new means to study neurotransmission, which is controlled by G-protein-coupled receptors in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we report an engineered dopamine receptor D(2L) F390(6.52)W, which is the first identified RASSL for the dopamine receptor family. The mutant receptor is characterized by a disrupted ligand binding and complete loss of efficacy for the endogenous ligand, dopamine, which is putatively due to a sterically induced perturbation of H-bonding with conserved serine residues in TM5. Based on this model, we rationally developed an aminoindane-derived set of agonists. Because these agonists forgo analogous H-bonding functionalities, their binding energy does not depend on the respective interactions. Binding affinity and potency were optimized by ligand modifications bearing molecular appendages that obviously interact with a secondary recognition site provided by four hydrophobic residues in TM2 and TM3. Thus, the ferrocenyl carboxamide 5b (FAUC 185) was identified as a synthetic agonist that is able to stimulate the mutant receptor in a manner similar to that by which endogenous dopamine activates the D(2L) wild-type receptor. The engineered dopamine receptor D(2L) F390(6.52)W in combination with FAUC 185 (5b) provides a new tool to probe GPCR functions selectively in specific cell populations in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam Dörfler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Charris J, Martinez P, Domínguez J, López S, Angel J, Espinoza G. SYNTHESIS OF SOME (E)-2-CHLORO-METHOXY-3-[2-(1-INDANOYL)METHYLIDEN]-QUINOLINES AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2003.9.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Crooks PA, Burn P, Sewell RD, Upton N. Synthesis and antinociceptive properties of a series of exo- and endo-6-hydroxy-2-aminobenzonorbornenes. J Pharm Sci 1986; 75:1010-3. [PMID: 3795019 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600751022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6-hydroxy endo- and exo-derivatives of 2-aminobenzonorbornene has been synthesized and evaluated for antinociceptive activity in the mouse. The results indicated a stereospecific effect in the antinociceptive responses exhibited by the two isomeric groups of compounds. The exo-amines 10a-10c were inactive in both the tail immersion and tail clip tests. The corresponding endo-isomers exhibited antinociceptive properties; 4a was the most active compound tested but was toxic at the dose administered.
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Abstract
Animals (rats) trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of S(+)-amphetamine sulfate from saline, using a standard operant training procedure, were administered doses of various amphetamine analogs in tests of stimulus generalization in order to study structure-activity relationships (SAR). The types of structural variation of the amphetamine molecule that were investigated included (a) benz-fusion of the aromatic nucleus, (b) alpha-demethylation of the alkyl side chain, (c) conversion of the benzylic methylene to a carbonyl group, and (d) conformational restriction of the side chain. Benz-fusion and alpha-demethylation appear to have a detrimental effect on activity in that none of these analogs produced amphetamine-appropriate responding. However, the carbonylated analog, i.e., cathinone, was found to be equipotent with amphetamine. Furthermore, as with amphetamine, the S-isomer of cathinone was found to be more active than its enantiomer. With respect to the conformationally-restricted analogs, the most potent compound was 2-aminotetralin which was about half as active as racemic amphetamine.
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Grunewald GL, Pleiss MA, Gatchell CL, Pazhenchevsky R, Rafferty MF. Gas chromatographic quantitation of underivatized amines in the determination of their octanol-0.1 M sodium hydroxide partition coefficients by the shake-flask method. J Chromatogr A 1984; 292:319-31. [PMID: 6746796 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of gas chromatography (GC) for the determination of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide-octanol partition coefficients (log P) for a wide variety of ethylamines is demonstrated. The conventional shake-flask procedure (SFP) is utilized, with the addition of an internal reference, which is cleanly separated from the desired solute and solvents on a 10% Apiezon L, 2% potassium hydroxide on 80-100 mesh Chromosorb W AW column. The partitioned solute is extracted from the aqueous phase with chloroform and analyzed by GC. The method provides an accurate and highly reproducible means of determining log P values, as demonstrated by the low relative standard errors. The technique is both rapid and extremely versatile. The use of the internal standard method of analysis introduces consistency, since variables like the exact weight of solute are not necessary (unlike the traditional SFP) and the volume of sample injected is not critical. The technique is readily accessible to microgram quantities of solutes, making it ideal for a wide range of volatile, amine-bearing compounds.
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Timmermans PB, Matthews WD, Demarinis RM, Hieble JP, Mathy MJ, Doods HN, Thoolen MJ, De Jonge A, Wilffert B, Van Zwieten PA. Alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in vivo to enantiomers of SK & F 89748-A. Eur J Pharmacol 1984; 101:45-55. [PMID: 6146531 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pressor activity of the 1-enantiomer of SK & F 89748-A, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-methoxy-5-(methylthio)-2-naphthalenamine, in pithed normotensive rats was found comparable with that of 1-phenylephrine. The d-enantiomer was half as potent. The log dose-pressor effect curves for d- and 1-SK & F 89748-A were not influenced by reserpine treatment (2 X 5 mg/kg i.p., -48 and -24 h), were virtually unaffected by yohimbine (1 mg/kg i.v., -15 min) but were markedly shifted to the right by prazosin (0.1 mg/kg i.v., -15 min) and phentolamine (1 mg/kg i.v., -15 min). Similar observations were made for the 1-enantiomer in pithed cats. It is concluded that d- and 1-SK & F 89748-A are potent, directly acting highly selective agonists of (vascular) postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Potency and selectivity were equally pronounced for both enantiomers. The currently available selective agonists of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, including the optical isomers of SK & F 89748-A, cannot distinguish between alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors. This conclusion is based on binding affinity since these affinities are linearly correlated as shown by radioligand displacement experiments.
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