1
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Vinarov Z, Tistaert C, Bevernage J, Bohets H, Augustijns P. Enzymatic prodrug degradation in the fasted and fed small intestine: In vitro studies and interindividual variability in human aspirates. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123654. [PMID: 38036195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was (1) to develop an automation-based protocol for in vitro assessment of enzymatic drug stability at fasted- and fed-state intestinal conditions, (2) to characterize the inter-individual variability of drug degradation in fasted- and fed-state human intestinal fluids, and (3) to compare the obtained in vitro results to drug degradation in human intestinal fluids by taking variability into account. In human intestinal fluids, drug degradation displayed large inter-individual variability, with coefficients of variance generally ranging between 30 and 70 %. The effect of food on the inter-individual variability was highly dependent on the type of drug. The increase of pH in the range between 5.0 and 7.0 significantly accelerated the degradation rate of the studied drugs both in the in vitro and ex vivo experiments. In contrast, the increase of bile salt and phospholipid concentrations in the in vitro screen decreased strongly the degradation rate of the hydrophobic drugs. The developed automated in vitro screen mimicked relatively well the ex vivo degradation of all drugs in the fasted state, whereas in the fed state the degradation of only one of the drugs was adequately reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University
| | | | - Jan Bevernage
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hugo Bohets
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Jiang XY, Yang CL, Li N, Xiao HQ, Yu JX, Dong ZB. PPh 3/I 2 Promoted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides from Sodium Sulfites and 2-Mercaptobenzo Heterocyclics. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13272-13278. [PMID: 37656971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides is reported. Using sodium sulfites and 2-mercaptobenzo heterocyclic compounds as starting materials, the unsymmetrical sulfur-sulfur bonds could be quickly constructed in the PPh3/I2 reaction system under transition-metal-free conditions. This protocol has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, easily available starting materials, and wide substrate scope, showing potential synthetic value for the synthesis of a diversity of biologically or pharmaceutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Cheng-Li Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Hua-Qing Xiao
- Hubei Greenhome Materials Technology, Inc., Xiantao 433000, China
| | - Jun-Xia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Greenhome Materials Technology, Inc., Xiantao 433000, China
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3
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Taherali F, Chouhan N, Wang F, Lavielle S, Baran M, McCoubrey LE, Basit AW, Yadav V. Impact of Peptide Structure on Colonic Stability and Tissue Permeability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1956. [PMID: 37514143 PMCID: PMC10384666 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most marketed peptide drugs are administered parenterally due to their inherent gastrointestinal (GI) instability and poor permeability across the GI epithelium. Several molecular design techniques, such as cyclisation and D-amino acid (D-AA) substitution, have been proposed to improve oral peptide drug bioavailability. However, very few of these techniques have been translated to the clinic. In addition, little is known about how synthetic peptide design may improve stability and permeability in the colon, a key site for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the impact of various cyclisation modifications and D-AA substitutions on the enzymatic stability and colonic tissue permeability of native oxytocin and 11 oxytocin-based peptides. Results showed that the disulfide bond cyclisation present in native oxytocin provided an improved stability in a human colon model compared to a linear oxytocin derivative. Chloroacetyl cyclisation increased native oxytocin stability in the colonic model at 1.5 h by 30.0%, whereas thioether and N-terminal acetylated cyclisations offered no additional protection at 1.5 h. The site and number of D-AA substitutions were found to be critical for stability, with three D-AAs at Tyr, Ile and Leu, improving native oxytocin stability at 1.5 h in both linear and cyclic structures by 58.2% and 79.1%, respectively. Substitution of three D-AAs into native cyclic oxytocin significantly increased peptide permeability across rat colonic tissue; this may be because D-AA substitution favourably altered the peptide's secondary structure. This study is the first to show how the strategic design of peptide therapeutics could enable their delivery to the colon via the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Taherali
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Nerisha Chouhan
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Fanjin Wang
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | | | - Maryana Baran
- Orbit Discovery, Schrodinger Building, Heatley Rd, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
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4
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Wu B, You W, Wang HL, Zhang Z, Nie X, Wang F, You YZ. Cyclic topology enhances the killing activity of polycations against planktonic and biofilm bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4823-4831. [PMID: 35266490 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, as a fortress to protect bacteria, enhance resistance to antibiotics because of their limited penetration, which has become a major threat to current anti-infective therapy. Antimicrobial polycations have received wide attention to kill planktonic bacteria because of their unique antimicrobial mechanism without drug resistance but it is still hard to kill the bacteria in the deep of the biofilm. Unlike linear polymers, the cyclic topology has been demonstrated with enhanced penetration in tissues, which is attributed to the lack of end groups, constrained conformation and a smaller hydrodynamic volume, opening a new sight of polycations in the antibacterial application against biofilms. Here, polycations with different topologies including linear and cyclic polycations were synthesized and their killing activity against planktonic and biofilm bacteria was studied. The experimental results showed the enhanced antibacterial activity of cyclic polycations for planktonic bacteria, which is presumably attributed to their smaller hydrodynamic volume, higher local density of positive charge and more interactions between cation units and the bacterial membrane than their linear analogues. Besides, cyclic polycations exhibit enhanced killing effect for biofilm bacteria and inhibition effect for biofilms with 5-7 times and 2-3 times enhancements than the linear polycations, respectively. Furthermore, an Escherichia coli infection model on mice was established and the therapeutic effects of cyclic and linear polycations were evaluated. Compared with the linear polycations, the cyclic polycations exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity with an ∼4 times increase, promoting the healing of the infected wounds. This work provides a new perspective in the development of antimicrobial polycations, which are promising therapeutic agents to kill planktonic and biofilm bacteria without drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Wei You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Hai-Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xuan Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgical, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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5
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Abstract
Peptides have traditionally been perceived as poor drug candidates due to unfavorable characteristics mainly regarding their pharmacokinetic behavior, including plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life. Nonetheless, in recent years, general strategies to tackle those shortcomings have been established, and peptides are subsequently gaining increasing interest as drugs due to their unique ability to combine the advantages of antibodies and small molecules. Macrocyclic peptides are a special focus of drug development efforts due to their ability to address so called ‘undruggable’ targets characterized by large and flat protein surfaces lacking binding pockets. Here, the main strategies developed to date for adapting peptides for clinical use are summarized, which may soon help usher in an age highly shaped by peptide-based therapeutics. Nonetheless, limited membrane permeability is still to overcome before peptide therapeutics will be broadly accepted.
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Gruber KA, Ji RL, Gallazzi F, Jiang S, Van Doren SR, Tao YX, Newton Northup J. Development of a Therapeutic Peptide for Cachexia Suggests a Platform Approach for Drug-like Peptides. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:344-361. [PMID: 35592439 PMCID: PMC9112415 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the development of a melanocortin (MC) peptide drug to treat the condition of cachexia (a hypermetabolic state producing lean body mass wasting), we were confronted with the need for peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB): the MC-4 receptors (MC4Rs) for metabolic rate control are located in the hypothalamus, i.e., behind the BBB. Using the term "peptides with BBB transport", we screened the medical literature like a peptide library. This revealed numerous "hits"-peptides with BBB transport and/or oral activity. We noted several features common to most peptides in this class, including a dipeptide sequence of nonpolar residues, primary structure cyclization (whole or partial), and a Pro-aromatic motif usually within the cyclized region. Based on this, we designed an MC4R antagonist peptide, TCMCB07, that successfully treated many forms of cachexia. As part of our pharmacokinetic characterization of TCMCB07, we discovered that hepatobiliary extraction from blood accounted for a majority of the circulating peptide's excretion. Further screening of the literature revealed that TCMCB07 is a member of a long-forgotten peptide class, showing active transport by a multi-specific bile salt carrier. Bile salt transport peptides have predictable pharmacokinetics, including BBB transport, but rapid hepatic clearance inhibited their development as drugs. TCMCB07 shares the general characteristics of the bile salt peptide class but with a much longer half-life of hours, not minutes. A change in its C-terminal amino acid sequence slows hepatic clearance. This modification is transferable to other peptides in this class, suggesting a platform approach for producing drug-like peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Gruber
- John M. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Tensive Controls, Inc., Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ren-Lai Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Interaction Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Shaokai Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and NMR Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Steven R Van Doren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States`
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Abstract
![]()
Inherent susceptibility
of peptides to enzymatic degradation in
the gastrointestinal tract is a key bottleneck in oral peptide drug
development. Here, we present a systematic analysis of (i) the gut
stability of disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds, orally administered
peptide therapeutics, and well-known neuropeptides and (ii) medicinal
chemistry strategies to improve peptide gut stability. Among a broad
range of studied peptides, cyclotides were the only scaffold class
to resist gastrointestinal degradation, even when grafted with non-native
sequences. Backbone cyclization, a frequently applied strategy, failed
to improve stability in intestinal fluid, but several site-specific
alterations proved efficient. This work furthermore highlights the
importance of standardized gut stability test conditions and suggests
defined protocols to facilitate cross-study comparison. Together,
our results provide a comparative overview and framework for the chemical
engineering of gut-stable peptides, which should be valuable for the
development of orally administered peptide therapeutics and molecular
probes targeting receptors within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kremsmayr
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Aws Aljnabi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Juan B Blanco-Canosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Hue N T Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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8
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Dahal A, Parajuli P, Singh SS, Shrestha L, Sonju JJ, Shrestha P, Chatzistamou I, Jois S. Targeting protein–protein interaction for immunomodulation: A sunflower trypsin inhibitor analog peptidomimetic suppresses RA progression in CIA model. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 149:124-138. [PMID: 35641025 PMCID: PMC9208026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions (PPI) of co-stimulatory molecules CD2-CD58 are important in the early stage of an immune response, and increased expression of these co-stimulatory molecules is observed in the synovial region of joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A CD2 epitope region that binds to CD58 was grafted on to sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI) template structure to inhibit CD2-CD58 PPI. The peptide was incorporated with an organic moiety dibenzofuran (DBF) in its structure. The designed peptidomimetic was studied for its ability to inhibit CD2-CD58 interactions in vitro, and its thermal and enzymatic stability was evaluated. Stability studies indicated that the grafted peptidomimetic was stable against trypsin cleavage. In vivo studies using the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice indicated that the peptidomimetic was able to slow down the progress of arthritis, an autoimmune disease in the mice model. These studies suggest that with the grafting of organic functional groups in the stable peptide template SFTI stabilizes the peptide structure, and these peptides can be used as a template to design stable peptides for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyut Dahal
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA
| | - Pravin Parajuli
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA
| | - Sitanshu S Singh
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA
| | - Leeza Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA
| | - Jafrin Jobayer Sonju
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA
| | - Prajesh Shrestha
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology (PMI), School of Medicine, USC, SC 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Seetharama Jois
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe LA, 71201, USA.
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9
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Zhang YZ, Wang MM, Wang SY, Wang XF, Yang WJ, Zhao YN, Han FT, Zhang Y, Gu N, Wang CL. Novel Cyclic Endomorphin Analogues with Multiple Modifications and Oligoarginine Vector Exhibit Potent Antinociception with Reduced Opioid-like Side Effects. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16801-16819. [PMID: 34781680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphins (EMs) are potent pharmaceuticals for the treatment of pain. Herein, we investigated several novel EM analogues with multiple modifications and oligoarginine conjugation. Our results showed that analogues 1-6 behaved as potent μ-opioid agonists and enhanced stability and lipophilicity. Analogues 5 and 6 administered centrally and peripherally induced significant and prolonged antinociceptive effects in acute pain. Both analogues also produced long-acting antiallodynic effects against neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Furthermore, they showed a reduced acute antinociceptive tolerance. Analogue 6 decreased the extent of chronic antinociceptive tolerance, and analogue 5 exhibited no tolerance at the supraspinal level. Particularly, they displayed nontolerance-forming antinociception at the peripheral level. In addition, analogues 5 and 6 exhibited reduced or no opioid-like side effects on gastrointestinal transit, conditioned place preference (CPP), and motor impairment. The present investigation established that multiple modifications and oligoarginine-vector conjugation of EMs would be helpful in developing novel analgesics with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhe Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Feng-Tong Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chang-Lin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China.,Stake Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Sun M, Hu H, Sun L, Fan Z. The application of biomacromolecules to improve oral absorption by enhanced intestinal permeability: A mini-review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020; 31:1729-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Efiana NA, Dizdarević A, Huck CW, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Improved Intestinal Mucus Permeation of Vancomycin via Incorporation Into Nanocarrier Containing Papain-Palmitate. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3329-3339. [PMID: 31136766 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve intestinal mucus permeation of a peptide antibiotic via incorporation into papain-palmitate-modified self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) as nanocarrier. Vancomycin as a peptide antibiotic was lipidized by hydrophobic ion pair formation using sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulphosuccinate before incorporation in SEDDS comprising Capmul MCM, propylenglycol, and Kolliphor EL (2:1:2). As mucolytic agent, 0.5% papain-palmitate was introduced in SEDDS formulation containing the vancomycin-sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl-sulphosuccinate ion pair. The formulation was evaluated regarding droplet size, zeta potential, and cytotoxicity using Caco-2 cells previous to intestinal mucus permeation studies using Transwell diffusion and rotating tube method. The hydrophobic ion pair product yielded from surfactant to drug ratio of 3:1 provided a 25-fold increase in lipophilicity, drug payload in SEDDS of 5%, and log DSEDDS/release medium of 2.2. The formulation exhibited a droplet size and zeta potential of 221.5 ± 14.8 nm and -4.2 ± 0.8 mV, respectively. Cytotoxicity study showed that SEDDS formulations were not toxic. Introducing 0.5% papain-palmitate increased the mucus permeability of SEDDS 2.8-fold and 3.3-fold in Transwell diffusion and rotating tube studies, respectively. According to these results, papain decorated SEDDS might be a potential strategy to improve the mucus permeating properties of peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Ari Efiana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Aida Dizdarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W Huck
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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Jobin S, Beaumont C, Biron E. Development of a solid-phase traceless-Ugi multicomponent reaction for backbone anchoring and cyclic peptide synthesis. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Jobin
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine; Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier; Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Catherine Beaumont
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine; Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier; Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine; Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier; Québec G1V 4G2 Canada
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13
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Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Schumacher-Klinger A, Merzbach S, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Orally Active Peptides: Is There a Magic Bullet? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14414-14438. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. B. Räder
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | | | - Shira Merzbach
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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14
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Räder AFB, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Schumacher-Klinger A, Merzbach S, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Oral aktive Peptide: Gibt es ein Patentrezept? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F. B. Räder
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | - Florian Reichart
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | | | - Shira Merzbach
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Institutes of Chemistry and Drug Research; Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Technische Universität München; Department Chemie; Institute for Advanced Study; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Deutschland
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15
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Mull RW, Harrington A, Sanchez LA, Tal-Gan Y. Cyclic Peptides that Govern Signal Transduction Pathways: From Prokaryotes to Multi-Cellular Organisms. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:625-644. [PMID: 29773060 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180518090705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptide scaffolds are key components of signal transduction pathways in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms since they act as chemical messengers that activate or inhibit specific cognate receptors. In prokaryotic organisms these peptides are utilized in non-essential pathways, such as quorum sensing, that are responsible for virulence and pathogenicity. In the more evolved eukaryotic systems, cyclic peptide hormones play a key role in the regulation of the overall function of multicellular organisms, mainly through the endocrine system. This review will highlight several prokaryote and eukaryote systems that use cyclic peptides as their primary signals and the potential associated with utilizing these scaffolds for the discovery of novel therapeutics for a wide range of diseases and illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Mull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Anthony Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Lucia A Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, United States
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16
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Schumacher-Klinger A, Fanous J, Merzbach S, Weinmüller M, Reichart F, Räder AFB, Gitlin-Domagalska A, Gilon C, Kessler H, Hoffman A. Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Cyclic RGD Hexa-peptides by the Lipophilic Prodrug Charge Masking Approach: Redirection of Peptide Intestinal Permeability from a Paracellular to Transcellular Pathway. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3468-3477. [PMID: 29976060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic peptides constitute most of the active peptides. They mostly permeate via tight junctions (paracellular pathway) in the intestine. This permeability mechanism restricts the magnitude of their oral absorption and bioavailability. We hypothesized that concealing the hydrophilic residues of the peptide using the lipophilic prodrug charge masking approach (LPCM) can improve the bioavailability of hydrophilic peptides. To test this hypothesis, a cyclic N-methylated hexapeptide containing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and its prodrug derivatives, masking the Arg and Asp charged side chains, were synthesized. The library was evaluated for intestinal permeability in vitro using the Caco-2 model. Further investigation of metabolic stability ex vivo models in rat plasma, brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs), and isolated CYP3A4 microsomes and pharmacokinetic studies was performed on a selected peptide and its prodrug (peptide 12). The parent drug analogues were found to have a low permeability rate in vitro, corresponding to atenolol, a marker for paracellular permeability. Moreover, palmitoyl carnitine increased the Papp of peptide 12 by 4-fold, indicating paracellular permeability. The Papp of the prodrug derivatives was much higher than that of their parent peptides. For instance, the Papp of the prodrug 12P was 20-fold higher than the Papp of peptide 12 in the apical to basolateral (AB) direction. Whereas the permeability in the opposite direction (BA of the Caco-2 model) was significantly faster than the Papp AB, indicating the involvement of an efflux system. These results were corroborated when verapamil, a P-gp inhibitor, was added to the Caco-2 model and increased the Papp AB of prodrug 12P by 3-fold. The prodrug 12P was stable in the BBMVs environment, yet degraded quickly (less than 5 min) in the plasma into the parent peptide 12. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed an increase in the bioavailability of peptide 12 > 70-fold (from 0.58 ± 0.11% to 43.8 ± 14.9%) after applying the LPCM method to peptide 12 and converting it to the prodrug 12P. To conclude, the LPCM approach converted the absorption mechanism of the polar peptides from a paracellular to transcellular pathway that tremendously affects their oral bioavailability. The LPCM method provides a solution for the poor bioavailability of RGD cyclohexapeptides and paves the way for other active hydrophilic and charged peptides with poor oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Schumacher-Klinger
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Joseph Fanous
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Shira Merzbach
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Michael Weinmüller
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Andreas F B Räder
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram Campus, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram Campus, The Hebrew University , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
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17
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Räder AF, Reichart F, Weinmüller M, Kessler H. Improving oral bioavailability of cyclic peptides by N-methylation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2766-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Williams TM, Sable R, Singh S, Vicente MGH, Jois S. Peptide ligands for targeting the extracellular domain of EGFR: Comparison between linear and cyclic peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:605-619. [PMID: 29052959 PMCID: PMC5775921 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common solid internal malignancy among cancers. Early detection of cancer is key to increasing the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. Overexpression of the EGFR protein is associated with CRC. We have designed a series of peptides that are highly specific for the extracellular domain of EGFR, based on our earlier studies on linear peptides. The previously reported linear peptide LARLLT, known to bind to EGFR, was modified with the goals of increasing its stability and its specificity toward EGFR. Peptide modifications, including D-amino acid substitution, cyclization, and chain reversal, were investigated. In addition, to facilitate labeling of the peptide with a fluorescent dye, an additional lysine residue was introduced onto the linear (KLARLLT) and cyclic peptides cyclo(KLARLLT) (Cyclo.L1). The lysine residue was also converted into an azide group in both a linear and reversed cyclic peptide sequences cyclo(K(N3)larllt) (Cyclo.L1.1) to allow for subsequent "click" conjugation. The cyclic peptides showed enhanced binding to EGFR by SPR. NMR and molecular modeling studies suggest that the peptides acquire a β-turn structure in solution. In vitro stability studies in human serum show that the cyclic peptide is more stable than the linear peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrslai M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA
| | - Rushikesh Sable
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - M. Graça H. Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA 70803, USA
| | - Seetharama Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
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19
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Hou Y, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wang R, Yuan J, Hu Y, Sheng K, Feng J, Yang S, Lu H. Macrocyclization of Interferon-Poly(α-amino acid) Conjugates Significantly Improves the Tumor Retention, Penetration, and Antitumor Efficacy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1170-1178. [PMID: 29262256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclization and polymer conjugation are two commonly used approaches for enhancing the pharmacological properties of protein drugs. However, cyclization of parental proteins often only affords a modest improvement in biochemical or cell-based in vitro assays. Moreover, very few studies have included a systematic pharmacological evaluation of cyclized protein-based therapeutics in live animals. On the other hand, polymer-conjugated proteins have longer circulation half-lives but usually show poor tumor penetration and suboptimal pharmacodynamics due to increased steric hindrance. We herein report the generation of a head-to-tail interferon-poly(α-amino acid) macrocycle conjugate circ-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN by combining the aforementioned two approaches. We then compared the antitumor pharmacological activity of this macrocycle conjugate against its linear counterparts, N-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN, C-IFN-P(EG3Glu)20, and C-IFN-PEG. Our results found circ-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN to show considerably greater stability, binding affinity, and in vitro antiproliferative activity toward OVCAR3 cells than the three linear conjugates. More importantly, circ-P(EG3Glu)20-IFN exhibited longer circulation half-life, remarkably higher tumor retention, and deeper tumor penetration in vivo. As a result, administration of the macrocyclic conjugate could effectively inhibit tumor progression and extend survival in mice bearing established xenograft human OVCAR3 or SKOV3 tumors without causing severe paraneoplastic syndromes. Taken together, our study provided until now the most relevant experimental evidence in strong support of the in vivo benefit of macrocyclization of protein-polymer conjugates and for its application in next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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20
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Boehm M, Beaumont K, Jones R, Kalgutkar AS, Zhang L, Atkinson K, Bai G, Brown JA, Eng H, Goetz GH, Holder BR, Khunte B, Lazzaro S, Limberakis C, Ryu S, Shapiro MJ, Tylaska L, Yan J, Turner R, Leung SSF, Ramaseshan M, Price DA, Liras S, Jacobson MP, Earp DJ, Lokey RS, Mathiowetz AM, Menhaji-Klotz E. Discovery of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Macrocyclic Peptide-Peptoid Hybrid CXCR7 Modulators. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9653-9663. [PMID: 29045152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR7 is an attractive target for a variety of diseases. While several small-molecule modulators of CXCR7 have been reported, peptidic macrocycles may provide advantages in terms of potency, selectivity, and reduced off-target activity. We produced a series of peptidic macrocycles that incorporate an N-linked peptoid functionality where the peptoid group enabled us to explore side-chain diversity well beyond that of natural amino acids. At the same time, theoretical calculations and experimental assays were used to track and reduce the polarity while closely monitoring the physicochemical properties. This strategy led to the discovery of macrocyclic peptide-peptoid hybrids with high CXCR7 binding affinities (Ki < 100 nM) and measurable passive permeability (Papp > 5 × 10-6 cm/s). Moreover, bioactive peptide 25 (Ki = 9 nM) achieved oral bioavailability of 18% in rats, which was commensurate with the observed plasma clearance values upon intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Boehm
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin Beaumont
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rhys Jones
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Liying Zhang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karen Atkinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Guoyun Bai
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Janice A Brown
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Heather Eng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gilles H Goetz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian R Holder
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bhagyashree Khunte
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah Lazzaro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sangwoo Ryu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J Shapiro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laurie Tylaska
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiangli Yan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rushia Turner
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Siegfried S F Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Circle Pharma , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mahesh Ramaseshan
- Circle Pharma , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David A Price
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David J Earp
- Circle Pharma , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - R Scott Lokey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alan M Mathiowetz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elnaz Menhaji-Klotz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Kanthala SP, Liu YY, Singh S, Sable R, Pallerla S, Jois SD. A peptidomimetic with a chiral switch is an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor heterodimerization. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74244-74262. [PMID: 29088782 PMCID: PMC5650337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among different types of EGFR dimers, EGFR-HER2 and HER2-HER3 are well known in different types of cancers. Targeting dimerization of EGFR will have a significant impact on cancer therapies. A symmetric peptidomimetic was designed to inhibit the protein-protein interaction of EGFR. The peptidomimetic (Cyclo(1,10)PpR (R) Anapa-FDDF-(R)-Anapa)R, compound 18) was shown to exhibit antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 194 nM in HER2-expressing breast cancer cell lines and 18 nM in lung cancer cell lines. The peptidomimetic has a Pro-Pro sequence in the structure to stabilize the β-turn and a β-amino acid, amino napthyl propionic acid. To investigate the effect of the chirality of β-amino acid on the structure of the peptide and its antiproliferative activity, diastereoisomers of compound 18 were designed and synthesized. Structure-activity relationships of these compounds indicated that there is a chiral switch at β-amino acid in the designed compound. The peptidomimetic with R configuration at β-amino acid and with a L-Pro-D-Pro sequence was the most active compound (18). Using enzyme complement fragmentation assay and proximity ligation assay, we show that compound 18 inhibits HER2:HER3 and EGFR:HER2 dimerization. Surface plasmon resonance studies suggested that compound 18 binds to the HER2 extracellular domain and in particular to domain IV. The anticancer activity of compound 18 was evaluated using a xenograft model of breast cancer in mice; compound 18 suppressed the tumor growth in mice compared to control. Compound 18 was also shown to have a synergistic effect with erlotinib on EGFR mutated lung cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi P Kanthala
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Sitanshu Singh
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Rushikesh Sable
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Sandeep Pallerla
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201, USA
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22
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Sable R, Parajuli P, Jois S. Peptides, Peptidomimetics, and Polypeptides from Marine Sources: A Wealth of Natural Sources for Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E124. [PMID: 28441741 DOI: 10.3390/md15040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature provides a variety of peptides that are expressed in most living species. Evolutionary pressure and natural selection have created and optimized these peptides to bind to receptors with high affinity. Hence, natural resources provide an abundant chemical space to be explored in peptide-based drug discovery. Marine peptides can be extracted by simple solvent extraction techniques. The advancement of analytical techniques has made it possible to obtain pure peptides from natural resources. Extracted peptides have been evaluated as possible therapeutic agents for a wide range of diseases, including antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic and anticancer activity as well as cardiovascular and neurotoxin activity. Although marine resources provide thousands of possible peptides, only a few peptides derived from marine sources have reached the pharmaceutical market. This review focuses on some of the peptides derived from marine sources in the past ten years and gives a brief review of those that are currently in clinical trials or on the market.
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23
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Dougherty PG, Qian Z, Pei D. Macrocycles as protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Biochem J 2017; 474:1109-25. [PMID: 28298556 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds such as cyclic peptides have emerged as a new and exciting class of drug candidates for inhibition of intracellular protein-protein interactions, which are challenging targets for conventional drug modalities (i.e. small molecules and proteins). Over the past decade, several complementary technologies have been developed to synthesize macrocycle libraries and screen them for binding to therapeutically relevant targets. Two different approaches have also been explored to increase the membrane permeability of cyclic peptides. In this review, we discuss these methods and their applications in the discovery of macrocyclic compounds against protein-protein interactions.
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24
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Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Janecka A, Szabó MR, Cerlesi MC, Calo G, Kluczyk A, Tömböly C, Borics A. Cyclic mu-opioid receptor ligands containing multiple N-methylated amino acid residues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1644-1648. [PMID: 28318942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the in vitro activities of four cyclic opioid peptides with various sequence length/macrocycle size and N-methylamino acid residue content. N-Methylated amino acids were incorporated and cyclization was employed to enhance conformational rigidity to various extent. The effect of such modifications on ligand structure and binding properties were studied. The pentapeptide containing one endocyclic and one exocyclic N-methylated amino acid displayed the highest affinity to the mu-opioid receptor. This peptide was also shown to be a full agonist, while the other analogs failed to activate the mu opioid receptor. Results of molecular docking studies provided rationale for the explanation of binding properties on a structural basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Márton Richárd Szabó
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Maria Camilla Cerlesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
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25
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Chen Y, Liu R, Li T, Huang S, Kong L, Yang M. Enduspeptides A-F, six new cyclic depsipeptides from a coal mine derived Streptomyces sp. Tetrahedron 2017; 73:527-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Gokhale AS, Sable R, Walker JD, McLaughlin L, Kousoulas KG, Jois SD. Inhibition of cell adhesion and immune responses in the mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis with a peptidomimetic that blocks CD2-CD58 interface interactions. Biopolymers 2016; 104:733-42. [PMID: 26031942 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD2 and CD58 are two important costimulatory molecules involved in generating the signal II required for normal immune signaling. However, this interaction can be targeted to be of benefit in cases of abnormal immune signaling seen in autoimmune diseases. Our objective in this study was to design a peptidomimetic (compound 7) based on a β-strand structure of the adhesion domain of CD2 protein to inhibit CD2-CD58 protein-protein interaction and its effect on immunomodulation in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The ability of compound 7 to bind to CD58 protein was assessed using flow cytometry. The effect of compound 7 on modulating the immune response was evaluated in an autoimmune disease using CIA in mice. The stability of compound 7 was evaluated in mouse serum using mass spectrometry. Antibody (Ab) binding inhibition studies suggested that compound 7 binds to CD58 protein. Compound 7 was successful in modulating immune responses when administered in the CIA mouse model along with reducing anti-collagen Ab levels and decreasing the level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) relative to control treatments. Compound 7 was found to be nonimmunogenic and stable in mouse serum up to 48 h. Results suggest that compound 7 can serve as a lead compound for immunomodulation, and could be a therapeutic agent for the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Gokhale
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201
| | - Rushikesh Sable
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201
| | - Jason D Walker
- Pathobiological Sciences, BioMMED, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, 70803-8434
| | - Leslie McLaughlin
- Pathobiological Sciences, BioMMED, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, 70803-8434
| | - Konstantin G Kousoulas
- Pathobiological Sciences, BioMMED, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, 70803-8434
| | - Seetharama D Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, 71201
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Sable R, Durek T, Taneja V, Craik DJ, Pallerla S, Gauthier T, Jois S. Constrained Cyclic Peptides as Immunomodulatory Inhibitors of the CD2:CD58 Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2366-74. [PMID: 27337048 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the cell-cell adhesion proteins CD2 and CD58 plays a crucial role in lymphocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites, and inhibitors of this interaction have potential as immunomodulatory drugs in autoimmune diseases. Peptides from the CD2 adhesion domain were designed to inhibit CD2:CD58 interactions. To improve the stability of the peptides, β-sheet epitopes from the CD2 region implicated in CD58 recognition were grafted into the cyclic peptide frameworks of sunflower trypsin inhibitor and rhesus theta defensin. The designed multicyclic peptides were evaluated for their ability to modulate cell-cell interactions in three different cell adhesion assays, with one candidate, SFTI-a, showing potent activity in the nanomolar range (IC50: 51 nM). This peptide also suppresses the immune responses in T cells obtained from mice that exhibit the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. SFTI-a was resistant to thermal denaturation, as judged by circular dichroism spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and had a half-life of ∼24 h in human serum. Binding of this peptide to CD58 was predicted by molecular docking studies and experimentally confirmed by surface plasmon resonance experiments. Our results suggest that cyclic peptides from natural sources are promising scaffolds for modulating protein-protein interactions that are typically difficult to target with small-molecule compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Sable
- Basic
Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Thomas Durek
- The
University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department
of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - David J. Craik
- The
University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sandeep Pallerla
- Basic
Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Ted Gauthier
- LSU-Ag
Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Seetharama Jois
- Basic
Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
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Urda C, Pérez M, Rodríguez J, Jiménez C, Cuevas C, Fernández R. Pembamide, a N -methylated linear peptide from a sponge Cribrochalina sp. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:3239-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Fouché M, Schäfer M, Berghausen J, Desrayaud S, Blatter M, Piéchon P, Dix I, Martin Garcia A, Roth HJ. Design and Development of a Cyclic Decapeptide Scaffold with Suitable Properties for Bioavailability and Oral Exposure. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1048-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fouché
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Macrocycles; Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Global Discovery Chemistry/CADD; Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Jörg Berghausen
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Desrayaud
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Markus Blatter
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Analytics (NMR); Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Philippe Piéchon
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Analytics (Crystallography); Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Ina Dix
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Analytics (Crystallography); Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
| | - Aimar Martin Garcia
- The University of the Basque Country-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea; Campus de Leioa 48949 Leioa Spain
| | - Hans-Jörg Roth
- Global Discovery Chemistry/Macrocycles; Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research; Basel 4002 Switzerland
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are governed by relatively few amino acid residues at the binding interface. Peptides derived from these protein regions may serve as mimics of one of the interaction partners in structural studies or as inhibitors to disrupt the respective interaction and investigate its biological consequences. Inhibitory peptides may also be lead structures for drug development if the respective protein-protein interaction is essential for a pathogen or disease mechanism. Binding peptides may be systematically derived from one of the binding partners or found in the screen of combinatorial peptide libraries. Molecular modelling based on structural data helps to refine existing peptides or even design novel binding peptides. This chapter gives an outline of the binding peptide discovery process and subsequent chemical modifications to further enhance affinity and specificity and to increase stability against degradation in vivo. Examples from the past three decades illustrate the great diversity of applications for protein binding peptides and peptide analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Helmer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Redko B, Ragozin E, Andreii B, Helena T, Amnon A, Talia SZ, Mor OH, Genady K, Gary G. Synthesis, drug release, and biological evaluation of new anticancer drug-bioconjugates containing somatostatin backbone cyclic analog as a targeting moiety. Biopolymers 2015; 104:743-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Redko
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
- Department of Chemistry; The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Elena Ragozin
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Bazylevich Andreii
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Tuchinsky Helena
- Department of Molecular Biology; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Albeck Amnon
- Department of Chemistry; The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory; Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Shekhter Zahavi Talia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology; George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel-Aviv University; Tel-Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Oron-Herman Mor
- The Advanced Technologies Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer 52621 Israel
| | - Kostenich Genady
- The Advanced Technologies Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer 52621 Israel
| | - Gellerman Gary
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
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Adamska A, Kolesińska B, Kluczyk A, Kamiński ZJ, Janecka A. Synthesis of linear and cyclic opioid-based peptide analogs containing multipleN-methylated amino acid residues. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:807-10. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adamska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Medical University of Lodz; Poland, Mazowiecka 6/8 92-215 Lodz Poland
| | - Beata Kolesińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wroclaw; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Zbigniew J. Kamiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Medical University of Lodz; Poland, Mazowiecka 6/8 92-215 Lodz Poland
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Fernández-Llamazares AI, Spengler J, Albericio F. Review backboneN-modified peptides: How to meet the challenge of secondary amine acylation. Biopolymers 2015; 104:435-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Fernández-Llamazares
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Deparment of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN; Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Jan Spengler
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Deparment of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN; Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Deparment of Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN; Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry and Physics; University of KwaZulu-Natal; 4001 Durban South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Yachay Tech, Yachay City of Knowledge; Urcuquι 100119 Ecuador. Department of Chemistry; College of Science, King Saud University; P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Salvador CEM, Pieber B, Neu PM, Torvisco A, Kleber Z Andrade C, Kappe CO. A sequential Ugi multicomponent/Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition approach for the continuous flow generation of cyclic peptoids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4590-602. [PMID: 25842982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a continuous flow multistep strategy for the synthesis of linear peptoids and their subsequent macrocyclization via Click chemistry is described. The central transformation of this process is an Ugi four-component reaction generating the peptidomimetic core structure. In order to avoid exposure to the often toxic and malodorous isocyanide building blocks, the continuous approach was telescoped by the dehydration of the corresponding formamide. In a concurrent operation, the highly energetic azide moiety required for the subsequent intramolecular copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Click reaction) was installed by nucleophilic substitution from a bromide precursor. All steps yielding to the linear core structures can be conveniently coupled without the need for purification steps resulting in a single process generating the desired peptidomimetics in good to excellent yields within a 25 min reaction time. The following macrocyclization was realized in a coil reactor made of copper without any additional additive. A careful process intensification study demonstrated that this transformation occurs quantitatively within 25 min at 140 °C. Depending on the resulting ring strain, either a dimeric or a monomeric form of the cyclic product was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo M Salvador
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,‡Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, C.P. 4478, 70904-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp M Neu
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- §Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Kleber Z Andrade
- ‡Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, C.P. 4478, 70904-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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35
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Thansandote P, Harris RM, Dexter HL, Simpson GL, Pal S, Upton RJ, Valko K. Improving the passive permeability of macrocyclic peptides: Balancing permeability with other physicochemical properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:322-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kanthala S, Banappagari S, Gokhale A, Liu YY, Xin G, Zhao Y, Jois S. Novel Peptidomimetics for Inhibition of HER2:HER3 Heterodimerization in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:702-714. [PMID: 25346057 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current approach to treating HER2-overexpressed breast cancer is the use of monoclonal antibodies or a combination of antibodies with traditional chemotherapeutic agents or kinase inhibitors. Our approach is to target clinically validated HER2 domain IV with peptidomimetics and inhibit the protein-protein interactions (PPI) of HERs. Unlike antibodies, peptidomimetics have advantages in terms of stability, modification, and molecular size. We have designed peptidomimetics (compounds 5 and 9) that bind to HER2 domain IV, inhibit protein-protein interactions, and decrease cell viability in breast cancer cells with HER2 overexpression. We have shown, using enzyme fragment complementation and proximity ligation assays, that peptidomimetics inhibit the PPI of HER2:HER3. Compounds 5 and 9 suppressed the tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we have shown that these compounds inhibit PPI of HER2:HER3 and phosphorylation of HER2 as compared to control in tissue samples derived from in vivo studies. The stability of the compounds was also investigated in mouse serum, and the compounds exhibited stability with a half-life of up to 3 h. These results suggest that the novel peptidomimetics we have developed target the extracellular domain of HER2 protein and inhibit HER2:HER3 interaction, providing a novel method to treat HER2-positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Kanthala
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201
| | - Sashikanth Banappagari
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201
| | - Ameya Gokhale
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201
| | - Gu Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Seetharama Jois
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe LA 71201
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Goetz GH, Philippe L, Shapiro MJ. EPSA: A Novel Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Technique Enabling the Design of Permeable Cyclic Peptides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1167-72. [PMID: 25313332 DOI: 10.1021/ml500239m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most peptides are generally insufficiently permeable to be used as oral drugs. Designing peptides with improved permeability without reliable permeability monitoring is a challenge. We have developed a supercritical fluid chromatography technique for peptides, termed EPSA, which is shown here to enable improved permeability design. Through assessing the exposed polarity of a peptide, this technique can be used as a permeability surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles H. Goetz
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laurence Philippe
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J. Shapiro
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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38
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Qvit N. Microwave-assisted synthesis of cyclic phosphopeptide on solid support. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:300-5. [PMID: 25042903 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphopeptides are important tools for studying intracellular signal transduction events in vitro and in vivo and are also potential drugs due to their direct competition with phosphoprotein recognition elements. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, cyclic phosphopeptide synthesis may not be straightforward due to the sterically hindered phosphorylated side-chain amino acid derivatives. One option to overcome this hurdle is to use microwave-assisted synthesis, which has been shown to increase efficiency and reduce synthesis time. Herein, a detailed protocol is provided for synthesizing cyclic phosphopeptides using automated microwave. The overall synthesis duration was reduced and yields increased compared with a manual conventional method. This method provides a general, fast and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides, demonstrating the synthesis of cyclic phosphorylated peptides which are known to be among the most challenging to produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5174, USA
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Levi I, Eskira Y, Eisenstein M, Gilon C, Hoffman A, Tal-Gan Y, Fanous J, Bersudsky Y, Belmaker RH, Agam G, Almog O, Almog O. Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) at the calbindin-D28k binding site: molecular and behavioral aspects. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1806-15. [PMID: 23619164 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar-disorder (manic-depressive illness) is a severe chronic illness affecting ∼1% of the adult population. It is treated with mood-stabilizers, the prototypic one being lithium-salts (lithium), but it has life threatening side-effects and a significant number of patients fail to respond. The lithium-inhibitable enzyme inositol-monophosphatase (IMPase) is one of the viable targets for lithium's mechanism of action. Calbindin-D28k (calbindin) up-regulates IMPase activity. The IMPase-calbindincomplex was modeled using the program MolFit. The in-silico model indicated that the 55-66 amino-acid segment of IMPase anchors calbindin via Lys59 and Lys61 with a glutamate in between (Lys-Glu-Lys motif) and that the motif interacts with residues Asp24 and Asp26 of calbindin. We found that differently from wildtype calbindin, IMPase was not activated by mutated calbindin in which Asp24 and Asp26 were replaced by alanine. Calbindin's effect was significantly reduced by a linear peptide with the sequence of amino acids 58-63 of IMPase (peptide 1) and by six amino-acid linear peptides including at least part of the Lys-Glu-Lys motif. The three amino-acid peptide Lys-Glu-Lys or five amino-acid linear peptides containing this motif were ineffective. Mice administered peptide 1 intracerebroventricularly exhibited a significant anti-depressant-like reduced immobility in the forced-swim test. Based on the sequence of peptide 1, and to potentially increase the peptide's stability, cyclic and linear pre-cyclic analog peptides were synthesized. One cyclic peptide and one linear pre-cyclic analog peptide inhibited calbindin-activated brain IMPase activity in-vitro. Our findings may lead to the development of molecules capable of inhibiting IMPase activity at an alternative site than that of lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Levi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Psychiatry Research Unit, Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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41
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Abstract
Chemical biologists commonly seek out correlations between the physicochemical properties of molecules and their behavior in biological systems. However, a new paradigm is emerging for peptides in which conformation is recognized as the primary determinant of bioactivity and bioavailability. This review highlights an emerging body of work that directly addresses how a peptide's conformation controls its biological effects, cell penetration, and intestinal absorption. Based on this work, the dream of mimicking the potency and bioavailability of natural product peptides is getting closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Bock
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jason Gavenonis
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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42
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Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is a busy ground for the action of the ubiquitin-proteasome system; many of the signaling steps are coordinated by protein ubiquitination. The end point of this pathway is to induce transcription, and to this end, there is a need to overcome a major obstacle, a set of inhibitors (IκBs) that bind NF-κB and prohibit either the nuclear entry or the DNA binding of the transcription factor. Two major signaling steps are required for the elimination of the inhibitors: activation of the IκB kinase (IKK) and degradation of the phosphorylated inhibitors. IKK activation and IκB degradation involve different ubiquitination modes; the latter is mediated by a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(β-TrCP) . The F-box component of this E3, β-TrCP, recognizes the IκB degron formed following phosphorylation by IKK and thus couples IκB phosphorylation to ubiquitination. SCF(β-TrCP) -mediated IκB ubiquitination and degradation is a very efficient process, often resulting in complete degradation of the key inhibitor IκBα within a few minutes of cell stimulation. In vivo ablation of β-TrCP results in accumulation of all the IκBs and complete NF-κB inhibition. As many details of IκB-β-TrCP interaction have been worked out, the development of β-TrCP inhibitors might be a feasible therapeutic approach for NF-κB-associated human disease. However, we may still need to advance our understanding of the mechanism of IκB degradation as well as of the diverse functions of β-TrCP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Kanarek
- Lautenberg Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dong QG, Zhang Y, Wang MS, Feng J, Zhang HH, Wu YG, Gu TJ, Yu XH, Jiang CL, Chen Y, Li W, Kong W. Improvement of enzymatic stability and intestinal permeability of deuterohemin-peptide conjugates by specific multi-site N-methylation. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2431-41. [PMID: 22674377 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The deuterohemin-peptide conjugate, DhHP-6 (Dh-β-AHTVEK-NH(2)), is a microperoxidase mimetic, which has demonstrated substantial benefits in vivo as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, specific multi-site N-methylated derivatives of DhHP-6 were designed and synthesized to improve metabolic stability and intestinal absorption, which are important factors for oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The DhHP-6 derivatives were tested for (1) scavenging potential of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)); (2) permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers and everted gut sacs; and (3) enzymatic stability in serum and intestinal homogenate. The results indicated that the activities of the DhHP-6 derivatives were not influenced by N-methylation, and that tri-N-methylation of DhHP-6 could significantly increase intestinal flux, resulting in a two- to threefold higher apparent permeability coefficient. In addition, molecules with N-methylation at selected sites (e.g., Glu residue) showed high resistance against proteolytic degradation in both diluted serum and intestinal preparation, with 50- to 140-fold higher half-life values. These findings suggest that the DhHP-6 derivatives with appropriate N-methylation could retain activity levels equivalent to that of the parent peptide, while showing enhanced intestinal permeability and stability against enzymatic degradation. The tri-N-methylated peptide Dh-β-AH(Me)T(Me)V(Me)EK-NH(2) derived from this study may be developed as a promising candidate for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Guang Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Xu Z, Wheeler KA, Baures PW. Parallel synthesis of peptide-like macrocycles containing imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid. Molecules 2012; 17:5346-62. [PMID: 22569415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a series of peptide-like 14-membered macrocycles containing an imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid scaffold by using known coupling reagents and protecting group strategies. Yields of the purified macrocycles were poor on average, yet seemingly independent of amino acid substitution or stereochemistry. The macrocycles retain some level of conformational variability as observed by both molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography. These macrocycles represent a new class of structures for further development and for future application in high-throughput screening against a variety of biological targets.
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Fernández-Oliva M, Santana H, Suardíaz R, Gavín JA, Pérez CS. Combined nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics study of growth hormone releasing hexapeptide GHRP-6 and a cyclic analogue. Magn Reson Chem 2012; 50:364-371. [PMID: 22499151 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Growth Hormone Releasing Hexapeptide, GHRP-6 was the first of a family of synthetic peptides that enhance the release of the Growth Hormone by the pituitary gland in a dose-dependent manner. Since its discovery, it has been used as a benchmark and starting point in numerous researches aiming to obtain new drugs. Complete resonance assignment of GHRP-6 NMR spectra in both open and cyclic forms are reported, showing some differences to random coil chemical shifts. Connectivities observed in the ROESY spectra indicate spatial proximity between the aromatic residues side-chains in both molecules, as well as between residues DPhe5 and Lys6 sidechains. An ensemble of 10 structures was generated for each one of the molecules, showing RMSD values indicative of nonrandom structures. Molecular Dynamics simulations, both with and without explicit solvent, were carried out for GHRP-6 and its cyclic analogue. Conformational analysis performed on the trajectories showed a nonrandom structure with a well preserved backbone. The presence of geometrical patterns resembling those typical of π-π interactions in both peptides, suggest that this kind of interactions may be relevant for the biological activity of GHRP-6. Same conclusion can be drawn from the spatial proximity of residues DPhe5 and Lys6 sidechains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-Oliva
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, 10400, Cuba; Laboratorio de Química Computacional y Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, 10400, Cuba
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Hayouka Z, Levin A, Hurevich M, Shalev DE, Loyter A, Gilon C, Friedler A. A comparative study of backbone versus side chain peptide cyclization: application for HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3317-22. [PMID: 22507205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide cyclization is an important tool for overcoming the limitations of linear peptides as drugs. Backbone cyclization (BC) has advantages over side chain (SC) cyclization because it combines N-alkylation for extra peptide stability. However, the appropriate building blocks for BC are not yet commercially available. This problem can be overcome by preparing SC cyclic peptide analogs of the most active BC peptide using commercially available building blocks. We have recently developed BC peptides that inhibit the HIV-1 integrase enzyme (IN) activity and HIV-1 replication in infected cells. Here we used this system as a model for systematically comparing the BC and SC cyclization modes using biophysical, biochemical and structural methods. The most potent SC cyclic peptide was active almost as the BC peptide and inhibited IN activity in vitro and blocked IN activity in cells even after 6 days. We conclude that both cyclization types have their respective advantages: The BC peptide is more active and stable, probably due to the N-alkylation, while SC cyclic peptides are easier to synthesize. Due to the high costs and efforts involved in preparing BC peptides, SC may be a more approachable method in many cases. We suggest that both methods are interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Meyer FM, Collins JC, Borin B, Bradow J, Liras S, Limberakis C, Mathiowetz AM, Philippe L, Price D, Song K, James K. Biaryl-bridged macrocyclic peptides: conformational constraint via carbogenic fusion of natural amino acid side chains. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3099-114. [PMID: 22352804 DOI: 10.1021/jo202105v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A general method for constraining peptide conformations via linkage of aromatic sidechains has been developed. Macrocyclization of suitably functionalized tri-, tetra- and pentapeptides via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling has been used to generate side chain to side chain, biaryl-bridged 14- to 21-membered macrocyclic peptides. Biaryl bridges possessing three different configurations, meta-meta, meta-ortho, and ortho-meta, were systematically explored through regiochemical variation of the aryl halide and aryl boronate coupling partners, allowing fine-tuning of the resultant macrocycle conformation. Suzuki-Miyaura macrocyclizations were successfully achieved both in solution and on solid phase for all three sizes of peptide. This approach constitutes a means of constraining peptide conformation via direct carbogenic fusion of side chains of naturally occurring amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, and so is complementary to strategies involving non-natural, for example, hydrocarbon, bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco-Magnus Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, UniteUSA
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Granata R, Settanni F, Julien M, Nano R, Togliatto G, Trombetta A, Gallo D, Piemonti L, Brizzi MF, Abribat T, van Der Lely AJ, Ghigo E. Des-acyl ghrelin fragments and analogues promote survival of pancreatic β-cells and human pancreatic islets and prevent diabetes in streptozotocin-treated rats. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2585-96. [PMID: 22352743 DOI: 10.1021/jm201223m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Des-acyl ghrelin, although devoid of binding to ghrelin receptor (GRLN), exerts many biological effects, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Indeed, des-acyl ghrelin promotes pancreatic β-cell and human islet cell survival and prevents diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ) treated rats. We investigated whether des-acyl ghrelin fragments excluding serine(3), which is essential for binding to GRLN, would display similar actions. Among the different compounds tested, des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) and des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) with alanine substitutions or cyclization, but not with d-amino acid substitutions, showed the best survival effect, similar to des-acyl ghrelin. Des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) even prevented diabetes in STZ-treated rats and protected human circulating angiogenic cells from oxidative stress and senescence, similar to des-acyl ghrelin. These results suggest that not only full-length des-acyl ghrelin but also short des-acyl ghrelin fragments have clear beneficial effects on several tissues in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccarda Granata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Mohammadipanah F, Matasyoh J, Hamedi J, Klenk HP, Laatsch H. Persipeptides A and B, two cyclic peptides from Streptomyces sp. UTMC 1154. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:335-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Dong H, Limberakis C, Liras S, Price D, James K. Peptidic macrocyclization via palladium-catalyzed chemoselective indole C-2 arylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11644-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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