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Podlewska S, Bugno R, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Bojarski AJ, Handzlik J. Low Basicity as a Characteristic for Atypical Ligands of Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031035. [PMID: 33494248 PMCID: PMC7864501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors are extensively examined by academic and industrial researchers, due to their vital roles, which they play in the organism and constituting therefore important drug targets. Up to very recently, it was assumed that the basic nitrogen in compound structure is a necessary component to make it active within this receptor system. Such nitrogen interacts in its protonated form with the aspartic acid from the third transmembrane helix (D3x32) forming a hydrogen bond tightly fitting the ligand in the protein binding site. However, there are several recent studies that report strong serotonin receptor affinity also for compounds without a basic moiety in their structures. In the study, we carried out a comprehensive in silico analysis of the low-basicity phenomenon of the selected serotonin receptor ligands. We focused on the crystallized representatives of the proteins of 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, and examined the problem both from the ligand- and structure-based perspectives. The study was performed for the native proteins, and for D3x32A mutants. The investigation resulted in the determination of nonstandard structural requirements for activity towards serotonin receptors, which can be used in the design of new nonbasic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
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Lemos A, Melo R, Moreira IS, Cordeiro MNDS. Computer-Aided Drug Design Approaches to Study Key Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Roy K, editor. Computational Modeling of Drugs Against Alzheimer’s Disease. New York: Springer; 2018. pp. 61-106. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7404-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Whitebread S, Dumotier B, Armstrong D, Fekete A, Chen S, Hartmann A, Muller PY, Urban L. Secondary pharmacology: screening and interpretation of off-target activities – focus on translation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1232-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gan P, Smith MW, Braffman NR, Snyder SA. Pyrone Diels-Alder Routes to Indolines and Hydroindolines: Syntheses of Gracilamine, Mesembrine, and Δ7-Mesembrenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gan
- Dept. of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Myles W. Smith
- Dept. of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | | | - Scott A. Snyder
- Dept. of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry; The University of Chicago; 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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Gan P, Smith MW, Braffman NR, Snyder SA. Pyrone Diels-Alder Routes to Indolines and Hydroindolines: Syntheses of Gracilamine, Mesembrine, and Δ7-Mesembrenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3625-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gan
- Dept. of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Myles W. Smith
- Dept. of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | | | - Scott A. Snyder
- Dept. of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry; The Scripps Research Institute; 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
- Dept. of Chemistry; The University of Chicago; 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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Naumiec GR, Jenko KJ, Zoghbi SS, Innis RB, Cai L, Pike VW. N'-3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl Derivatives of N-Aryl-N'-methylguanidines as Prospective PET Radioligands for the Open Channel of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor: Synthesis and Structure-Affinity Relationships. J Med Chem 2015; 58:9722-30. [PMID: 26588360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor dysfunction has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. A radioligand that could be used with PET to image and quantify human brain NMDA receptors in the activated "open channel" state would be useful for research on such disorders and for the development of novel therapies. To date, no radioligands have shown well-validated efficacy for imaging NMDA receptors in human subjects. In order to discover improved radioligands for PET imaging, we explored structure-affinity relationships in N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivatives of N-aryl-N'-methylguanidines, seeking high affinity and moderate lipophilicity, plus necessary amenability for labeling with a positron-emitter, either carbon-11 or fluorine-18. Among a diverse set of 80 prepared N'-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivatives, four of these compounds (13, 19, 20, and 36) displayed desirable low nanomolar affinity for inhibition of [(3)H](+)-MK801 at the PCP binding site and are of interest for candidate PET radioligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Naumiec
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Kimberley J Jenko
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health , Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1003, United States
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Abstract
The 5-HT2C receptor (R) displays a widespread distribution in the CNS and is involved in the action of 5-HT in all brain areas. Knowledge of its functional role in the CNS pathophysiology has been impaired for many years due to the lack of drugs capable of discriminating among 5-HT2R subtypes, and to a lesser extent to the 5-HT1B, 5-HT5, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7Rs. The situation has changed since the mid-90s due to the increased availability of new and selective synthesized compounds, the creation of 5-HT2C knock out mice, and the progress made in molecular biology. Many pharmacological classes of drugs including antipsychotics, antidepressants and anxiolytics display affinities toward 5-HT2CRs and new 5-HT2C ligands have been developed for various neuropsychiatric disorders. The 5-HT2CR is presumed to mediate tonic/constitutive and phasic controls on the activity of different central neurobiological networks. Preclinical data illustrate this complexity to a point that pharmaceutical companies developed either agonists or antagonists for the same disease. In order to better comprehend this complexity, this review will briefly describe the molecular pharmacology of 5-HT2CRs, as well as their cellular impacts in general, before addressing its central distribution in the mammalian brain. Thereafter, we review the preclinical efficacy of 5-HT2C ligands in numerous behavioral tests modeling human diseases, highlighting the multiple and competing actions of the 5-HT2CRs in neurobiological networks and monoaminergic systems. Notably, we will focus this evidence in the context of the physiopathology of psychiatric and neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293) 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Gibbs ME, Hertz L. Serotonin mediation of early memory formation via 5-HT2B receptor-induced glycogenolysis in the day-old chick. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:54. [PMID: 24744730 PMCID: PMC3978258 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the effects of serotonin on memory formation in the chick revealed an action on at least two 5-HT receptors. Serotonin injected intracerebrally produced a biphasic effect on memory consolidation with enhancement at low doses and inhibition at higher doses. The non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist methiothepin and the selective 5-HT2B/C receptor antagonist SB221284 both inhibited memory, suggesting actions of serotonin on at least two different receptor subtypes. The 5-HT2B/C and astrocyte-specific 5-HT receptor agonist, fluoxetine and paroxetine, enhanced memory and the effect was attributed to glycogenolysis. Inhibition of glycogenolysis with a low dose of DAB (1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol) prevented both serotonin and fluoxetine from enhancing memory during short-term memory but not during intermediate memory. The role of serotonin on the 5-HT2B/C receptor appears to involve glycogen breakdown in astrocytes during short-term memory, whereas other published evidence attributes the second period of glycogenolysis to noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Gibbs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leif Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
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Sato K, Sugimoto H, Rikimaru K, Imoto H, Kamaura M, Negoro N, Tsujihata Y, Miyashita H, Odani T, Murata T. Discovery of a novel series of indoline carbamate and indolinylpyrimidine derivatives as potent GPR119 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1649-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Calderón F, Vidal-Mas J, Burrows J, de la Rosa JC, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Mulet T, Prats S, Solana J, Witty M, Gamo FJ, Fernández E. A Divergent SAR Study Allows Optimization of a Potent 5-HT2c Inhibitor to a Promising Antimalarial Scaffold. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:373-7. [PMID: 24900481 DOI: 10.1021/ml300008j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From the 13 533 chemical structures published by GlaxoSmithKline in 2010, we identified 47 quality starting points for lead optimization. One of the most promising hits was the TCMDC-139046, a molecule presenting an indoline core, which is well-known for its anxiolytic properties by interacting with serotonin antagonist receptors 5-HT2. The inhibition of this target will complicate the clinical development of these compounds as antimalarials. Herein, we present the antimalarial profile of this series and our efforts to avoid interaction with this receptor, while maintaining a good antiparasitic potency. By using a double-divergent structure-activity relationship analysis, we have obtained a novel lead compound harboring an indoline core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Calderón
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Vidal-Mas
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy Burrows
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 20, route de Pré-Bois-PO Box 1826,
1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Juan Carlos de la Rosa
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Belén Jiménez-Díaz
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Mulet
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Prats
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Solana
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Witty
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 20, route de Pré-Bois-PO Box 1826,
1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development
Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa,
2. 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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Fanelli F, De Benedetti PG. Update 1 of: computational modeling approaches to structure-function analysis of G protein-coupled receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR438-535. [PMID: 22165845 DOI: 10.1021/cr100437t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Calderón F, Barros D, Bueno JM, Coterón JM, Fernández E, Gamo FJ, Lavandera JL, León ML, Macdonald SJF, Mallo A, Manzano P, Porras E, Fiandor JM, Castro J. An Invitation to Open Innovation in Malaria Drug Discovery: 47 Quality Starting Points from the TCAMS. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:741-6. [PMID: 24900261 DOI: 10.1021/ml200135p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, GlaxoSmithKline published the structures of 13533 chemical starting points for antimalarial lead identification. By using an agglomerative structural clustering technique followed by computational filters such as antimalarial activity, physicochemical properties, and dissimilarity to known antimalarial structures, we have identified 47 starting points for lead optimization. Their structures are provided. We invite potential collaborators to work with us to discover new clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Calderón
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - David Barros
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - José María Bueno
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - José Miguel Coterón
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - José Luís Lavandera
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - María Luisa León
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), 20, route de Pré-Bois-PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Araceli Mallo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Pilar Manzano
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Esther Porras
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - José María Fiandor
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Julia Castro
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, DDW, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
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McCorvy JD, Harland AA, Maglathlin R, Nichols DE. A 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist potentiates a low dose amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:10-3. [PMID: 21827831 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether a 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist could induce a conditioned place preference indicative of reward and/or abuse potential. Here, we present the first evidence that a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist, 6-chloro-5-ethoxy-N-(pyridin-2-yl)indoline-1-carboxamide hydrochloride (CEPC), can potentiate a low dose (0.5 mg/kg) amphetamine-induced positive conditioned place preference (CPP). CEPC did not produce any CPP given alone at doses of either 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg, whereas low dose amphetamine alone produced only a slight, but statistically nonsignificant, place preference. These studies suggest that 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists can indirectly potentiate the rewarding effects of amphetamine, and perhaps other psychostimulants. If the results can be translated to man, putative 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist treatments for anxiety or depression may enhance or potentiate the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse such as amphetamine, which release dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D McCorvy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Kim SK, Li Y, Abrol R, Heo J, Goddard WA. Predicted structures and dynamics for agonists and antagonists bound to serotonin 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:420-33. [PMID: 21299232 DOI: 10.1021/ci100375b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subtype 2 serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors are major drug targets for schizophrenia, feeding disorders, perception, depression, migraines, hypertension, anxiety, hallucinogens, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. (1) We report here the predicted structure of 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors bound to highly potent and selective 5-HT2B antagonist PRX-08066 3, (pKi: 30 nM), including the key binding residues [V103 (2.53), L132 (3.29), V190 (4.60), and L347 (6.58)] determining the selectivity of binding to 5-HT2B over 5-HT2A. We also report structures of the endogenous agonist (5-HT) and a HT2B selective antagonist 2 (1-methyl-1-1,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-g]quinoline-5-carboxylic acid pyridine-3-ylamide). We examine the dynamics for the agonist- and antagonist-bound HT2B receptors in explicit membrane and water finding dramatically different patterns of water migration into the NPxxY motif and the binding site that correlates with the stability of ionic locks in the D(E)RY region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Renault N, Gohier A, Chavatte P, Farce A. Novel structural insights for drug design of selective 5-HT(2C) inverse agonists from a ligand-biased receptor model. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5086-99. [PMID: 20880612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based design of compounds targeting monoamine receptors, within the class-A G-protein coupled receptors, has been enriched by the recent crystallization of the β1 and β2 adrenoceptors. On the basis of ligand-biased homology modeling and docking-scoring calculations, a ritanserin-biased 5-HT(2C) receptor model has been built and used in a highly efficient virtual screening protocol to discriminate specifically 5-HT(2C) inverse agonists in a fuzzy dataset including hundreds of compounds with known experimental values of 5-HT(2C) affinity and activity. The resulting fingerprint of interaction displays hotspots in the third transmembrane α-helix and the second extracellular loop selectively bound by most 5-HT(2C) inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Renault
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, EA GRIIOT, Université Nord de France, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
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Cummings DF, Canseco DC, Sheth P, Johnson JE, Schetz JA. Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel small molecule natural product derivatives capable of discriminating between serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4783-92. [PMID: 20570529 PMCID: PMC2946983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop ligands that distinguish between clinically relevant 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtypes have been challenging, because their sequences have high homology. Previous studies reported that a novel aplysinopsin belonging to a chemical class of natural products isolated from a marine sponge was selective for the 5-HT2C over the 5-HT2A receptor subtype. Our goal was to explore the 5-HT2A/2C receptor structure-affinity relationships of derivatives based on the aplysinopsin natural product pharmacophore. Twenty aplysinopsin derivatives were synthesized, purified and tested for their affinities for cloned human serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes. Four compounds in this series had >30-fold selectivity for 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptors. The compound (E)-5-((5,6-dichloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-2-imino-1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one (UNT-TWU-22, 16) had approximately 2100-fold selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor subtype: an affinity for 5-HT2C equal to 46 nM and no detectable affinity for the 5-HT1A or 5-HT2A receptor subtypes. The two most important factors controlling 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptor subtype selectivity were the combined R1,R3-alkylation of the imidazolidinone ring and the type and number of halogens on the indole ring of the aplysinopsin pharmacophore.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Humans
- Imidazolidines/chemical synthesis
- Imidazolidines/chemistry
- Imidazolidines/pharmacology
- Indoles/chemical synthesis
- Indoles/chemistry
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Porifera/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/chemical synthesis
- Tryptophan/chemistry
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Cummings
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Diana C. Canseco
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76204
| | - Pratikkumar Sheth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - James E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, P. O. Box 425859-5859, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX 76204-5859
| | - John A. Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
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18
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Inaba M, Maruyama T, Yoshimura Y, Hosoi H, Komatsu Y. Facilitation of low-frequency stimulation-induced long-term potentiation by endogenous noradrenaline and serotonin in developing rat visual cortex. Neurosci Res 2009; 64:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent 50-60% of the current drug targets. There is no doubt that this family of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in drug discovery today. Classically, a number of drugs based on GPCRs have been developed for such different indications as cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and oncologic diseases. Owing to the restricted structural information on GPCRs, only limited exploration of structure-based drug design has been possible. Much effort has been dedicated to structural biology on GPCRs and very recently an X-ray structure of the beta2-adrenergic receptor was obtained. This breakthrough will certainly increase the efforts in structural biology on GPCRs and furthermore speed up and facilitate the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R. Leifert
- grid.417668.a0000000404546078CSIRO Human Nutrition, Kintore Ave., Adelaide, 5000 Australia
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21
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Abstract
The biomimetic total syntheses of both malbrancheamide and malbrancheamide B are reported. The synthesis of the two monochloro species enabled the structure of malbrancheamide B to be unambiguously assigned. The syntheses each feature an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a 5-hydroxypyrazin-2(1H)-one to construct the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core, which has also been proposed as the biosynthetic route to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Timothy R. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Thomas J. Greshock
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Yousong Ding
- Life Sciences Institute, and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
| | - David H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Chemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
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22
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Gressens P, Schwendimann L, Husson I, Sarkozy G, Mocaer E, Vamecq J, Spedding M. Agomelatine, a melatonin receptor agonist with 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist properties, protects the developing murine white matter against excitotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:58-63. [PMID: 18466899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Periventricular leukomalacia is a major cause of cerebral palsy. Perinatal white matter lesions associated with cerebral palsy appears to involve glutamate excitotoxicity. When injected intracerebrally into newborn mice, the glutamatergic analog, ibotenate, induces white matter cysts mimicking human periventricular leukomalacia. Intraperitoneal injection of melatonin was previously shown to be neuroprotective in this mouse model. The goal of the present study was to compare in this model the protective effects of agomelatine (S 20098), a melatonin derivative, with melatonin. Mice that received intraperitoneal S 20098 or melatonin had significant reductions in size of ibotenate-induced white matter cysts when compared with controls. Although agomelatine and melatonin did not prevent the initial appearance of white matter lesions, they did promote secondary lesion repair. Interestingly, while melatonin effects were only observed when given within the first two hours following the excitotoxic insult, agomelatine was still significantly neuroprotective when administered eight hours after the insult. The protective effects of agomelatine and melatonin were counter-acted by co-administration of luzindole or S 20928, two melatonin receptor antagonists. Agomelatine, acting through melatonin receptors, could represent a promising new drug for treating human periventricular leukomalacia and have beneficial effects on neuroplasticity.
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23
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Bellezza F, Cipiciani A, Ruzziconi R, Spizzichino S. Nucleus- and side-chain fluorinated 3-substituted indoles by a suitable combination of organometallic and radical chemistry. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Chemical biology approaches have a long history in the exploration of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which represents the largest and most important group of targets for therapeutics. The analysis of the human genome revealed a significant number of new members with unknown physiological function which are today the focus of many reverse pharmacology drug-discovery programs. As the seven hydrophobic transmembrane segments are a defining common structural feature of these receptors, and as signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins is not demonstrated in all cases, these proteins are also referred to as seven transmembrane (7 TM) or serpentine receptors. This review summarizes important historic milestones of GPCR research, from the beginning, when pharmacology was mainly descriptive, to the age of modern molecular biology, with the cloning of the first receptor and now the availability of the entire human GPCR repertoire at the sequence and protein level. It shows how GPCR-directed drug discovery was initially based on the careful testing of a few specifically made chemical compounds and is today pursued with modern drug-discovery approaches, including combinatorial library design, structural biology, molecular informatics, and advanced screening technologies for the identification of new compounds that activate or inhibit GPCRs specifically. Such compounds, in conjunction with other new technologies, allow us to study the role of receptors in physiology and medicine, and will hopefully result in novel therapies. We also outline how basic research on the signaling and regulatory mechanisms of GPCRs is advancing, leading to the discovery of new GPCR-interacting proteins and thus opening new perspectives for drug development. Practical examples from GPCR expression studies, HTS (high-throughput screening), and the design of monoamine-related GPCR-focused combinatorial libraries illustrate ongoing GPCR chemical biology research. Finally, we outline future progress that may relate today's discoveries to the development of new medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Jacoby
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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26
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27
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Abstract
5-HT(2C) receptors are predominantly localised in the brain and their dysregulation may contribute to particular symptoms of anxiety and depression. The marked affinity of several clinically established psychotropic agents sites (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, clozapine, fluoxetine) for 5-HT(2C) receptor has generated interest in the therapeutic potential of selective, high affinity 5-HT(2C) receptor ligands. Like the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine, high affinity selective agonists such as Ro 60-0175 and Ro 60-0332 have potent in vivo activity in animal models suggestive of therapeutic action against depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and panic disorders. In contrast, 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists such as SB-200646A or SB-221284 show signs of anxiolytic-like activity in tests for conditioned and phobic-like anxiety in rodents whereas they are inactive in tests indicative of antidepressant, antiOCD and antipanic activity. These results are consistent with an important hypothesis proposing that 5-HT has a complex, dual action on the neural mechanism of anxiety by either facilitating or inhibiting different kinds of anxiety in different brain regions. They also suggest that 5-HT(2C) receptor subtypes play an important role in the therapeutic properties of SSRIs. Certain 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists may possess negative efficacy at 5-HT(2C) receptors and, as inverse agonists, may control constitutive receptor activity possibly characterising some psychopathological states. Receptor variants exist in the human population and indicate possible associations between somatic mutations in the 5-HT(2C) receptor and psychopathology or response to drug treatment. Selective 5-HT(2C) receptor ligands may offer innovative and improved therapeutic opportunities for the biological treatment of specific aspects of psychiatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jenck
- ROCHE Pharma Division, Preclinical CNS Research, CH 4070, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
A semiempirical quantum mechanical approach is described for the creation of molecular field-based QSAR models from a set of aligned ligand structures. Each ligand is characterized by a set of probe interaction energy (PIE) values computed at various grid points located near the surface of the ligand. Single-point PM3 calculations afford these PIE values, which represents a pool of independent variables from which multilinear regression models of activity are built. The best n-variable fit is determined by constructing an initial regression using standard forward stepwise selection, followed by refinement using a simulated annealing technique. The resulting fit provides an easily interpreted 3D physical model of ligand binding affinity. Validation against three literature datasets demonstrates the ability of the semiempirical potential to model critical binding interactions in diverse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Dixon
- Schrodinger, 120 West Forty-Fifth Street, 32nd Floor, Tower 45, New York, New York 10036-4041, USA
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29
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30
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The VNS and S(N)Ar reactions combine to form an efficient three-component one-pot route to diarylmethanes. The products of selected diaryl acetates provide modular 3-aryloxindole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff, CF10 3TB, UK.
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31
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Debarge S, Kassou K, Carreyre H, Violeau B, Jouannetaud MP, Jacquesy JC. Regioselective electrophilic trifluoromethylation of indolines, oxindoles and indoles in superacid. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Siu J, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. Microwave assisted Leimgruber-Batcho reaction for the preparation of indoles, azaindoles and pyrroylquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 2:160-7. [PMID: 14737637 DOI: 10.1039/b313012f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of enhanced conditions for Lewis acid catalysed Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis using microwave acceleration is described. This approach has permitted the preparation of a variety of heteroaromatic enamine intermediates in good yield and high purities. Subsequent catalytic hydrogenation reactions, under various conditions including the use of a solid-phase encapsulated catalyst, furnish the corresponding indole derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Siu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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33
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Abstract
The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the largest and most diverse group of transmembrane proteins involved in signal transduction. Many of the over 1000 human GPCRs represent important pharmaceutical targets. However, despite high interest in this receptor family, no high-resolution structure of a human GPCR has been resolved yet. This is mainly due to difficulties in obtaining large quantities of pure and active protein. Until now, only a high-resolution x-ray structure of an inactive state of bovine rhodopsin is available. Since no structure of an active state has been solved, information of the GPCR activation process can be gained only by biophysical techniques. In this review, we first describe what is known about the ground state of GPCRs to then address questions about the nature of the conformational changes taking place during receptor activation and the mechanism controlling the transition from the resting to the active state. Finally, we will also address the question to what extent information about the three-dimensional GPCR structure can be included into pharmaceutical drug design programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bissantz
- Molecular Structure and Design, Pharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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34
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35
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Abstract
The social interaction test of anxiety was developed 25 years ago to provide an ethologically based test that was sensitive to both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects. It is sensitive to a number of environmental and physiological factors that can affect anxiety. It has detected anxiogenic effects of peptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and anxiolytic effects of neuropeptide Y and substance P receptor antagonists. It has successfully identified neuropharmacological sites of action of anxiogenic compounds and drug withdrawal. Effects of compounds acting on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) systems have been extensively investigated after both systemic administration and microinjection into specific brain regions. The use of this test has, thus, played a crucial role in unravelling the neural basis of anxiety. It is hoped that in the next 25 years, the test will play a crucial role in determining the genetic basis of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E File
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, UK
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36
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Pete B, Simig G, Poszávácz L, Toke L. Synthesis of 5-Substituted Indole Derivatives. Part 4: Naratriptan from α-Anilinoacetaldehyde Dimethylacetal by TiCl4-Mediated Cyclisation. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-9838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Brea J, Rodrigo J, Carrieri A, Sanz F, Cadavid MI, Enguix MJ, Villazón M, Mengod G, Caro Y, Masaguer CF, Raviña E, Centeno NB, Carotti A, Loza MI. New serotonin 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonists: synthesis, pharmacology, 3D-QSAR, and molecular modeling of (aminoalkyl)benzo and heterocycloalkanones. J Med Chem 2002; 45:54-71. [PMID: 11754579 DOI: 10.1021/jm011014y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 52 conformationally constrained butyrophenones have been synthesized and pharmacologically tested as antagonists at 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C) serotonin receptors, useful for dissecting the role of each 5-HT(2) subtype in pathophysiology. These compounds were also a consistent set for the identification of structural features relevant to receptor recognition and subtype discrimination. Six compounds were found highly active (pK(i) > 8.76) and selective at the 5-HT(2A) receptor vs 5-HT(2B) and/or 5-HT(2C) receptors. Piperidine fragments confer high affinity at the 5-HT(2A) receptor subtype, with benzofuranone- and thiotetralonepiperidine as the most selective derivatives over 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2B) receptors, respectively; K(i) (2A/2C) and/or K(B) (2A/2B) ratios greater than 100 were obtained. Compounds showing a more pronounced selectivity at 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2C) than at 5-HT(2A)/5-HT(2B) bear 6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl- and p-fluorobenzoylpiperidine moieties containing one methylene bridging the basic piperidine to the alkanone moiety. An ethylene bridge between the alkanone and the amino moieties led to ligands with higher affinities for the 5-HT(2B) receptor. Significant selectivity at the 5-HT(2B) receptor vs 5-HT(2C) was observed with 1-1[(1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-naphthyl)methyl]-4-[3-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]piperazine (more than 100-fold higher). Although piperidine fragments also confer higher affinity at 5-HT(2C) receptors, only piperazine-containing ligands were selective over 5-HT(2A). Moderate selectivity was observed at 5-HT(2C) vs 5-HT(2B) (10-fold) with some compounds bearing a 4-[3-(6-fluorobenzisoxazolyl)]piperidine moiety in its structure. Molecular determinants for antagonists acting at 5-HT(2A) receptors were identified by 3D-QSAR (GRID-GOLPE) studies. Docking simulations at 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors suggest a binding site for the studied type of antagonists (between transmembrane helices 2, 3, and 7) different to that of the natural agonist serotonin (between 3, 5, and 6).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Butyrophenones/chemical synthesis
- Butyrophenones/chemistry
- Butyrophenones/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cycloparaffins/chemical synthesis
- Cycloparaffins/chemistry
- Cycloparaffins/pharmacology
- Frontal Lobe/metabolism
- Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Stomach/drug effects
- Stomach/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- José Brea
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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38
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Bronowska A, Chilmonczyk Z, Leś A, Edvardsen O, Ostensen R, Sylte I. Molecular dynamics of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors with methylated buspirone analogues. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2001; 15:1005-23. [PMID: 11989622 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014856107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study experimentally determined ligand selectivity of three methylated buspirone analogues (denoted as MM2, MM5 and P55) towards 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors was theoretically investigated on a molecular level. The relationships between the ligand structure and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor affinities were studied and the results were found to be in agreement with the available site-directed mutagenesis and binding affinity data. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ligand-receptor complexes were performed for each investigated analogue, docked twice into the central cavity of 5-HT1A/5-HT2A, each time in a different orientation. Present results were compared with our previous theoretical results, obtained for buspirone and its non-methylated analogues. It was found that due to the presence of the methyl group in the piperazine ring the ligand position alters and the structure of the ligand-receptor complex is modified. Further, the positions of derivatives with pyrimidinyl aromatic moiety and quinolinyl moiety are significantly different at the 5-HT2A receptor. Thus, methylation of such derivatives alters the 3D structures of ligand-receptor complexes in different ways. The ligand-induced changes of the receptor structures were also analysed. The obtained results suggest, that helical domains of both receptors have different dynamical behaviour. Moreover, both location and topography of putative binding sites for buspirone analogues are different at 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bronowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland.
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39
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Porter RA, Chan WN, Coulton S, Johns A, Hadley MS, Widdowson K, Jerman JC, Brough SJ, Coldwell M, Smart D, Jewitt F, Jeffrey P, Austin N. 1,3-Biarylureas as selective non-peptide antagonists of the orexin-1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1907-10. [PMID: 11459658 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports SARs for the first orexin-1 receptor antagonist series of 1-aryl-3-quinolin-4-yl and 1-aryl-3-naphthyridin-4-yl ureas. One of these compounds, 31 (SB-334867), has excellent selectivity for the orexin-1 receptor, blood-brain barrier permeability and shows in vivo activity following ip dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Porter
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park North, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, Essex, UK.
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40
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Bronowska A, Leś A, Chilmonczyk Z, Filipek S, Edvardsen O, Ostensen R, Sylte I. Molecular dynamics of buspirone analogues interacting with the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A serotonin receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:881-95. [PMID: 11354671 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) models of the human serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors were constructed, energy refined, and used to study the interactions with a series of buspirone analogues. For both receptors, the calculations showed that the main interactions of the ligand imide moieties were with amino acids in transmembrane helix (TMH) 2 and 7, while the main interactions of the ligand aromatic moieties were with amino acids in TMH5, 6 and 7. Differences in binding site architecture in the region of highly conserved serine and tyrosine residues in TMH7 gave slightly different binding modes of the buspirone analogues at the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations of receptor-ligand interactions indicated that the buspirone analogues did not alter the interhelical hydrogen bonding patterns upon binding to the 5-HT2A receptor, while interhelical hydrogen bonds were broken and others were formed upon ligand binding to the 5-HT1A receptor. The ligand-induced changes in interhelical hydrogen bonding patterns of the 5-HT1A receptor were followed by rigid body movements of TMH2, 4 and 6 relative to each other and to the other TMHs, which may reflect the structural conversion into an active receptor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bronowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Bajorath J. Selected concepts and investigations in compound classification, molecular descriptor analysis, and virtual screening. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 2001; 41:233-45. [PMID: 11277704 DOI: 10.1021/ci0001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bajorath
- New Chemical Entities, Inc., 18804 North Creek Parkway, Suite 100, Bothell, Washington 98011, USA.
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Hutson PH, Barton CL, Jay M, Blurton P, Burkamp F, Clarkson R, Bristow LJ. Activation of mesolimbic dopamine function by phencyclidine is enhanced by 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonists: neurochemical and behavioural studies. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39:2318-28. [PMID: 10974315 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists phencyclidine (PCP) (0.6-5 mg/kg s.c.) and MK-801 (0.1-0.8 mg/kg s.c. ) dose-dependently increased locomotor activity in the rat. Pre-treatment of rats with SB 221284 (0.1-1 mg/kg, i.p.) a 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonist or SB 242084 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) a selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist, doses shown to block mCPP induced hypolocomotion, significantly enhanced the hyperactivity induced by PCP or MK-801. Neither compound altered locomotor activity when administered alone. Furthermore, systemic administration of PCP (5 mg/kg s.c.) increased nucleus accumbens dopamine efflux in the rat to a maximum of approximately 220% of basal, 40-60 min after administration. Pre-treatment with the 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonist SB 221284 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB 242084 (1 mg/kg i.p.) failed to affect nucleus accumbens dopamine efflux per se but significantly enhanced the magnitude and duration of the increase induced by PCP. However, the time course of the neurochemical and behavioural effects were qualitatively and quantitatively different, suggesting the potential involvement of other neurotransmitter pathways. Nevertheless, the present results provide behavioural and neurochemical evidence which demonstrate that, in the absence of effects per se, blockade of 5-HT(2C) receptors enhanced the activation of mesolimbic dopamine neuronal function by the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists PCP and MK-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Hutson
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Rd., Essex, CM20 2QR, Harlow, UK.
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Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Jones GE, Jones J, King FD, Saunders DV, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Lightowler S, Middlemiss DN, Riley GJ, Trail B, Wood MD. 1-[2-[(Heteroaryloxy)heteroaryl]carbamoyl]indolines: novel and selective 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonists with potential as antidepressant/anxiolytic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1863-6. [PMID: 10969986 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisaryl ethers have been identified with excellent 5-HT2C affinity and selectivity over both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Compounds such as 11, 27 and 38 have potent oral activity in a centrally mediated pharmacodynamic model of 5-HT2C function and their potential as novel non-sedating anxiolytic and antidepressants is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Bromidge SM, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Jones GE, Jones J, King FD, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Lightowler S, Middlemiss DN, Riley GJ, Trail B, Wood MD. 1-[2-[(Heteroarylmethoxy)aryl]carbamoyl]indolines are selective and orally active 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1867-70. [PMID: 10969987 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisarylmethoxyethers have been identified with nanomolar 5-HT2C affinity and selectivity over both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Compounds such as 1, 2, 8, 12, 14 and 18 have potent oral activity in a centrally mediated pharmacodynamic model of 5-HT2C function and their therapeutic potential is currently under further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Bristow LJ, O'Connor D, Watts R, Duxon MS, Hutson PH. Evidence for accelerated desensitisation of 5-HT(2C) receptors following combined treatment with fluoxetine and the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY 100,635, in the rat. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39:1222-36. [PMID: 10760364 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that additional treatment with 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists may accelerate the antidepressant efficacy/onset of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Given that chronic SSRI treatment has been shown to desensitise 5-HT(2C) receptor mediated responses, we have used the rat social interaction test to determine if combined treatment with WAY 100,635, a selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, will accelerate this effect. In pairs of unfamiliar rats, acute administration of the 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) or fluoxetine decreased the time spent in social interaction, responses which were reversed by the 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonists SB 200646A and SB 221284. Similar reductions in social interaction were observed in rats treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p. daily) for 4, 7 and 14 days but was no longer apparent after 28 days of treatment. In contrast, only 7 days of combined treatment with WAY 100,635 (1 mg/kg/s.c./day) and fluoxetine were needed to reverse this response. The decrease in social interaction induced by an acute challenge of mCPP (1 mg/kg, i. p.) was also reduced after 6 days co-treatment with WAY 100,635 and fluoxetine. Thus, WAY 100,635 accelerates SSRI-induced desensitisation of 5-HT(2C) receptors, suggesting that this response might contribute towards the therapeutic effects of SSRIs in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Bristow
- Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies DT, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Gaster LM, Ham P, Jones GE, King FD, Mulholland KR, Saunders DV, Wyman PA, Blaney FE, Clarke SE, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Lightowler S, Middlemiss DN, Trail B, Riley GJ, Wood MD. Biarylcarbamoylindolines are novel and selective 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonists: identification of 5-methyl-1-[[2-[(2-methyl-3-pyridyl)oxy]- 5-pyridyl]carbamoyl]-6-trifluoromethylindoline (SB-243213) as a potential antidepressant/anxiolytic agent. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1123-34. [PMID: 10737744 DOI: 10.1021/jm990388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolution, synthesis, and biological activity of a novel series of 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonists are reported. Biarylcarbamoylindolines have been identified with excellent 5-HT(2C) affinity and selectivity over 5-HT(2A) receptors. In addition, (pyridyloxypyridyl)carbamoylindolines have been discovered with additional selectivity over the closely related 5-HT(2B) receptor. Compounds from this series are inverse agonists at the human cloned 5-HT(2C) receptor, completely abolishing basal activity in a functional assay. The new series have reduced P450 inhibitory liability compared to a previously described series of 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines (Bromidge et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1598) from which they evolved. Compounds from this series showed excellent oral activity in a rat mCPP hypolocomotion model and in animal models of anxiety. On the basis of their favorable biological profile, 32 (SB-228357) and 40 (SB-243213) have been selected for further evaluation to determine their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS disorders such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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47
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Robichaud AJ, Largent BL. Chapter 2. Recent advances in selective serotonin receptor modulation. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(00)35003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies DT, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Gadre A, Ham P, Jones GE, King FD, Saunders DV, Thewlis KM, Vyas D, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Riley GJ, Wood MD. Model studies on a synthetically facile series of N-substituted phenyl-N'-pyridin-3-yl ureas leading to 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl) indolines that are potent and selective 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2767-73. [PMID: 10658582 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A model series of 5-HT2C antagonists have been prepared by rapid parallel synthesis. These N-substituted phenyl-N'-pyridin-3-yl ureas were found to have a range of 5-HT2C receptor affinities and selectivities over the closely related 5-HT2A receptor. Extrapolation of simple SAR, derived from this set of compounds, to the more active but synthetically more complex 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indoline series allowed us to target optimal substitution patterns and identify potent and selective 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Xue L, Godden J, Gao H, Bajorath J. Identification of a Preferred Set of Molecular Descriptors for Compound Classification Based on Principal Component Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ci980231d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xue
- Computational Chemistry and Informatics, MDS Panlabs, 11804 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, Washington 98011, and MDS Panlabs and Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jeff Godden
- Computational Chemistry and Informatics, MDS Panlabs, 11804 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, Washington 98011, and MDS Panlabs and Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Hua Gao
- Computational Chemistry and Informatics, MDS Panlabs, 11804 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, Washington 98011, and MDS Panlabs and Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Computational Chemistry and Informatics, MDS Panlabs, 11804 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, Washington 98011, and MDS Panlabs and Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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