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Lorimer C, Ravi B, Cowtan F, Johns A, Robinson A, Nikapota A. Outcomes following HDR Brachytherapy Boost for High Risk Localised Prostate Cancer: Data from a UK Centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Morse A, Winter M, Bharwani S, Johns A, Vaughn H, Blessing K, Snyder M. Deteriorating Sleep Wake Health Patterns Among New American Resident Physicians at Orientation and at 6 Months of Training. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Husain M, Xu M, Patel S, Johns A, Grogan M, Li M, Lopez G, Miah A, Hoyd R, Liu Y, Muniak M, Haddad T, Tinoco G, Kendra K, Otterson G, Presley C, Spakowicz D, Owen D. P40.15 Proton Pump Inhibitors, Prior Therapy and Survival in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Surya N, Li M, Zhao S, Wei L, Patel S, Lopez G, Johns A, Grogan M, Bertino E, He K, Shields P, Carbone D, Otterson G, Presley C, Owen D. P75.12 Prognostic Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in NSCLC Patients Receiving First Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Appleyard S, Cowtan F, Johns A, Robinson A, Nikapota A. Patient Reported Toxicity, Quality of Life and Biochemical Control Following HDR Brachytherapy: Outcomes from the First 2 Years of a New Service at the Sussex Cancer Centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gott P, Johns A, Stam A, Miller B, Weaver T, Bell B, Hendel E, Hofstetter-Schahs U, Murugesan G. PSXVI-31 Intervention strategy for Zearalenone’s negative effects on performance of cow-calf pairs supplemented with liquid feed in South Central Florida - A field study. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Gott
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States
| | - A Johns
- Seminole Tribe of Florida, Inc.,Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - A Stam
- Federally Recognized Tribal Extension Program, University of Florida,Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - B Miller
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States
| | - T Weaver
- Westway Feeds Products LLC,Tomball, TX, United States
| | - B Bell
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States
| | - E Hendel
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States
| | | | - G Murugesan
- BIOMIN America Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States
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Owen D, Burkart J, Patel S, Wei L, Tinoco G, Liebner D, He K, Shields P, Bertino E, Presley C, Johns A, Folefac E, Olencki T, Carbone D, Verschraegen C, Otterson G, Kendra K. Immune related adverse events across cancer types: Incidence, risk factors and survival. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy300.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gott PN, Stam A, Johns A, Miller BG, Bell B, Jenkins T, Murugesan GR. 039 Mycotoxin survey of common Bermudagrass in south-central Florida. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Gott PN, Johns A, Stam A, Miller BG, Bell B, Weaver T. 564 Effects of Biofix® Plus PRO supplemented in liquid feed on the performance of cow-calf pairs in south central Florida. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sharbeen G, McCarroll J, Liu J, Youkhana J, Limbri LF, Biankin AV, Johns A, Kavallaris M, Goldstein D, Phillips PA. Delineating the Role of βIV-Tubulins in Pancreatic Cancer: βIVb-Tubulin Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Vinca Alkaloids. Neoplasia 2016; 18:753-764. [PMID: 27889644 PMCID: PMC5126129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease which is characterized by chemoresistance. Components of the cell cytoskeleton are therapeutic targets in cancer. βIV-tubulin is one such component that has two isotypes-βIVa and βIVb. βIVa and βIVb isotypes only differ in two amino acids at their C-terminus. Studies have implicated βIVa-tubulin or βIVb-tubulin expression with chemoresistance in prostate, breast, ovarian and lung cancer. However, no studies have examined the role of βIV-tubulin in PC or attempted to identify isotype specific roles in regulating cancer cell growth and chemosensitivity. We aimed to determine the role of βIVa- or βIVb-tubulin on PC growth and chemosensitivity. PC cells (MiaPaCa-2, HPAF-II, AsPC1) were treated with siRNA (control, βIVa-tubulin or βIVb-tubulin). The ability of PC cells to form colonies in the presence or absence of chemotherapy was measured by clonogenic assays. Inhibition of βIVa-tubulin in PC cells had no effect chemosensitivity. In contrast, inhibition of βIVb-tubulin in PC cells sensitized to vinca alkaloids (Vincristine, Vinorelbine and Vinblastine), which was accompanied by increased apoptosis and enhanced cell cycle arrest. We show for the first time that βIVb-tubulin, but not βIVa-tubulin, plays a role in regulating vinca alkaloid chemosensitivity in PC cells. The results from this study suggest βIVb-tubulin may be a novel therapeutic target and predictor of vinca alkaloid sensitivity for PC and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - J McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, 2031; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW, Australia
| | - J Liu
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - J Youkhana
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - L F Limbri
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - A V Biankin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia; Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - A Johns
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia, 2031; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW, Australia
| | - D Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - P A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, 2052; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, UNSW, Australia.
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Fairley M, Corum KW, Johns A, Unruh DK, Basile M, de Groot J, Mason SE, Forbes TZ. Isolation and characterization of the [Ga2Al18O8(OH)36(H2O)12](8+) cluster: cationic variations on the Wells-Dawson topology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12467-9. [PMID: 26146343 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural chemistry of Group 13 polyoxometalates lags far behind related negatively charged transition metal species and limits the development of advanced materials. A novel heterometallic cluster [Ga2Al18O8(OH)36(H2O)12](8+) (Ga2Al18) has been isolated using a supramolecular approach and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ga2Al18 represents the Wells-Dawson structure polycations and variations in the structural topology may be related to the initial stabilization of the Keggin isomer. DFT calculations on the related ε-Keggins (GaAl12 and Al13), Ga2Al18, and theoretical Al2Al18 clusters reveal similar features of electronic structure, suggesting additional heteroatom substitution in other isostructural clusters should be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fairley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Laberge P, Garza-Leal J, Fortin C, Basinski C, Thiel J, Leyland N, Presthus J, Johns A, Grainger D, Adkins T, Swarup M, Gimpelson R, Harris M. A Prospective, Randomized, Multi-Center, Controlled, International Clinical Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the MINERVA Endometrial Ablation System. 6 & 12-Months Follow-Up Results. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chantrill L, Johns A, Watson C, Mead S, Gill A, Pavlakis N, Grimison P, Asghari G, Li B, Chou A, Simpson S, Martyn-Smith M, Nagrial A, Chin V, Sebastian L, Yip S, Sjoquist K, Grimmond S, Simes R, Biankin A. Precision Medicine for Advanced Pancreas Cancer: Early Lessons Learned from Negotiating the Pitfalls of a Molecular Therapeutics Trial in a Poor Prognosis Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Johns A, Gotoh H, McCullough EL, Emlen DJ, Lavine LC. Heightened condition-dependent growth of sexually selected weapons in the rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:614-21. [PMID: 24827150 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The exaggerated weapons and ornaments of sexual selection are condition-dependent traits that often grow to exaggerated proportions. The horns of male rhinoceros beetles are extremely sensitive to the larval nutritional environment and are used by rival males in combat over access to females. In contrast to horns, other parts of the body, such as wings, eyes, and legs, scale proportionally with body size, whereas others, such as males' external genitalia, are invariant with body size, regardless of nutrition. We document how body parts of the Asian rhinoceros beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus, exhibit plasticity and constraint in response to nutritional condition. We discuss the implications of these results for the evolution of condition-dependent and condition-independent traits in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johns
- *Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 104 Health Science Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, USA
| | - H Gotoh
- *Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 104 Health Science Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, USA
| | - E L McCullough
- *Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 104 Health Science Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, USA
| | - D J Emlen
- *Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 104 Health Science Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, USA
| | - L C Lavine
- *Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, 104 Health Science Building, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382, USA
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Holobotovskyy VV, Canyon SJ, McIntyre RM, Clair AN, Johns A, McKitrick DJ. Testing awareness of heart disease among West Australian women. Wiad Lek 2014; 67:139-144. [PMID: 25796810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease [CVD] is the top cause of death in Australian women. Large studies in the US and Europe have shown that the majority of women do not consider CVD as their greatest health threat. Australian women's awareness has not previously been investigated. The aim of this cross-sectional survey [TAWDAH] was to assess Australian women's awareness of CVD their leading causes of death [LCD].
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Pajic M, Chang D, Kassahn K, Wu J, Cowley M, Waddell N, Johns A, Grimmond S, Biankin A. 91 Proffered Paper: Testing Individualised Treatment Strategies in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blakely LJ, Schwartzberg LS, Wang G, Somer BG, Wheeler BM, Stepanski EJ, Walker M, Johns A. Phase II trial of combination therapy with metronomic capecitabine (C) and fulvestrant (F) in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Chang DK, Johns A, Scarlett CJ, Pajic M, Chou A, Toon C, Samra JS, Sutherland R, Gill AJ, Biankin AV. Molecular pathologic phenotypes and outcome in adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
196 Background: Individuals with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater demonstrate a broad range of outcomes, as they may arise from any of the three epithelia that converge at that location. This variation in outcomes poses specific challenges in clinical decision making concerning the aggressiveness of treatment, and the appropriateness and type of adjuvant therapy. Methods: We assessed the relationship between molecular pathologic phenotypes defined using a combination of histopathology and protein expression (CDX2 [caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor 2] and MUC1), and outcome in 72 patients who underwent operative resection for adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Results: Patients with a pancreaticobiliary phenotype (CDX2 negative, MUC1 positive) compared to an intestinal phenotype carcinoma segregated into an independently poor prognostic group (HR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.71 – 6.76, p = 0.0005). Stratification using lymph node (LN) status (the only other independent poor prognostic factor) (HR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.54 – 6.58, p = 0.0017) defined three clinically relevant phenotypes: 1) those with a non-pancreaticobiliary (intestinal) phenotype without LN metastases who had an excellent outcome (5-year survival 88.4%, median survival 172.8 months); 2) those that had a pancreaticobiliary phenotype and lymph node metastases that had a poor outcome (5-year survival 20.0%, median survival 7.4 months); and 3) the remainder (intestinal/LN positive or pancreaticobiliary/LN negative) who had an intermediate outcome (5-year survival 46.9%, median survival 57.0 months). Conclusions: A combination of histopathologic and molecular criteria identified three distinct clinically relevant phenotypes of adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater that have significantly different outcomes. This distinction, which requires validation, may be used to refine current therapeutic strategies by guiding aggressiveness of surgery and selection for adjuvant therapy, which would improve overall outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Chang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Johns
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. J. Scarlett
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Pajic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Chou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. Toon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. S. Samra
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - R. Sutherland
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. J. Gill
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. V. Biankin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Blakely L, Somer B, Keaton M, Hermann R, Schnell F, Cobb P, Johns A, Walker M, Schwartzberg L. Neoadjuvant dose-dense sequential biweekly epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab for HER2+ operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
595 Background: Neoadjuvant (Neo) chemotherapy (CT) with trastuzumab (H) improves pathologic complete response (pCR) rate for HER2+ breast cancer. Dose-dense regimens improve outcome in the adjuvant setting but have not been fully evaluated as preoperative therapy. We designed this regimen to utilize full doses of active agents including docetaxel (T) and H in a novel biweekly schedule to explore efficacy and safety. Methods: Patients (pts) with biopsy proven, clinical stage IIA-IIIC, noninflammatory breast cancer were eligible. HER2+ by FISH was determined locally. CT consisted of epirubicin (E) 100 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m2 Q 14 days x 4 followed by T 75 mg/m2 and H 6 mg/kg loading dose, then 4 mg/kg Q 14 days x 4, all with pegfilgrastim support. Surgery was scheduled 20–24 weeks from start after a fifth cycle of H 4mg/kg. EF was measured prior to CT, after EC, after TH and at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Additional adjuvant H to complete 1 year of therapy by conventional schedule was recommended after surgery. The primary endpoint was pCR for invasive cancer in breast and lymph nodes. Results: 30 pts were enrolled at 5 centers: median age was 50.1 (range, 31–72); ethnicity African-American 14, Caucasian 14, other 2; clinical stage IIA, 14, IIB, 4, IIIA, 7, IIIB/C, 5; ER+ 18, PR+ 14; grade 3, 21 and grade 2, 8. Twenty eight pts were evaluable for pathologic response- 2 withdrew before completing treatment, 1 for toxicity. Dose delivery on schedule was >95% for all drugs. Clinical response prior to surgery was cCR 20; cPR 5; and stable 2 pts. Pathologic response: pCR 16 (57%) including 4 with residual DCIS only; 9 pPR, and 2 stable. Mean EF was 63.1 (range, 51–81) before treatment, 62.4 (49–75) after EC and 58.3 (35–74) after TH. Two pts had EF <50% during Neo, one with clinical CHF and 1 additional pt developed CHF during adjuvant single agent H. Both pts had symptomatic improvement with cessation of H. Adverse events were generally mild with 14 grade 3 AEs including 3 episodes of dyspnea and no grade 3 skin toxicity or any grade 4 toxicity noted. Conclusions: Sequential Neo dose-dense Q 14 day EC followed by Q 14 day TH yields a high pCR rate in HER2+ breast cancer with acceptable toxicity profile and no new safety signals noted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Blakely
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - B. Somer
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - M. Keaton
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - R. Hermann
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - F. Schnell
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - P. Cobb
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - A. Johns
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - M. Walker
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
| | - L. Schwartzberg
- The West Clinic, Memphis, TN; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN
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Schwartzberg LS, Stewart CF, Schaiquevich P, Legenne P, Bhatt K, Johns A, Walker MS. Phase I dosage-finding and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of intravenous topotecan and oral erlotinib in patients (pts) with refractory solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cobb P, Schwartzberg LS, Kulig K, Johns A, Fortner B. Patterns of adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) usage in early stage breast cancer (ESBC). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10695 Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are recommended as first line agents or after tamoxifen (T) as extended adjuvant therapy in hormone receptor positive ESBC. Little is known about adherence, adverse events, toxicity, duration of therapy, or change in agents in the community setting. Disparities between actual usage and clinical guideline recommendations could have a significant impact on outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed charts of 200 ESBC patients (pts) receiving AHT from 4 US community oncology clinics. To be eligible, each patient must have completed >1 patient care monitor (PCM) survey, a validated electronic self-report measure that produces indices related to physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, functional status and overall health-related QOL. Baseline symptoms and toxicities prior to initiation of AHT and during and/or after are available on all evaluable patients. Pt charts were identified consecutively in reverse chronological order starting from 3/01/05. Results: Data are available on 42 pts. The mean age of the patients was 63.6 (range 43–86). First line AHT was T in 24 and AI in 18. Of available AIs, 14 pts received anastrozole, 3 letrozole and 1 exemestane. 18 pts continue AHT as per guidelines and 7 completed planned therapy (median duration, 58.8 months). Switching from 1st line AHT to another agent occurred in 13 pts; 10 switched from TAM to an AI, mean duration of TAM 31.0 months and 3 pts to another AI. 8 pts (19%) changed for an adverse event (AE), and 5 changed due to MD/pt preference. AEs included eye problems (2), weight changes (2), GYN complaints (2), vasomotor symptoms (1), muscle/joint aches (2), and increased alkaline phosphatase (1). Of pts receiving 2nd line AHT, 4 had discontinuation for an AE: muscle/joint aches (2), vasomotor symptoms (1), and eye problems (1). Conclusion: Switching of first line AHT is common for reasons of AEs or MD/pt decision. Pts with AEs to AHT often experience additional AEs after exposure to another agent. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Cobb
- Hematology Oncology Ctrs of the Northern Rockies, Billings, MT; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY
| | - L. S. Schwartzberg
- Hematology Oncology Ctrs of the Northern Rockies, Billings, MT; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY
| | - K. Kulig
- Hematology Oncology Ctrs of the Northern Rockies, Billings, MT; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY
| | - A. Johns
- Hematology Oncology Ctrs of the Northern Rockies, Billings, MT; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY
| | - B. Fortner
- Hematology Oncology Ctrs of the Northern Rockies, Billings, MT; Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network, Memphis, TN; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY
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Ishii Y, Blundell JE, Halford JCG, Upton N, Porter R, Johns A, Jeffrey P, Summerfield S, Rodgers RJ. Anorexia and weight loss in male rats 24 h following single dose treatment with orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867. Behav Brain Res 2005; 157:331-41. [PMID: 15639184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute systemic treatment with the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) has been reported not only to inhibit food intake and to accelerate behavioural satiety in rats, but also to produce a significant loss of bodyweight over the 24 h period post-dosing. The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of weight gain following acute treatment with SB-334867 is due to a persistent anorectic action of the compound. In Experiment 1, the acute effects of SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) on food intake and behaviour in a 1 h test with palatable mash were assessed as a function of injection-test interval. Results confirmed that, when administered 30 min prior to testing, SB-334867 significantly suppressed mash intake and accelerated behavioural satiety. More importantly, significant anorexia and behavioural change were also observed when animals were tested 24 h, but not 48 h, post-dosing. As previously reported, all animals treated with the orexin-1 receptor antagonist lost bodyweight over the 24 h period following acute treatment. The generality of these findings was confirmed in Experiment 2, where acute treatment with SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly suppressed home cage chow consumption over the 24 h period post-dosing, an effect also accompanied by a significant loss of bodyweight. The results of Experiment 3 showed that, following i.p. administration of 30 mg/kg, SB-334867 has good CNS penetration, reaches peak plasma and brain concentrations at 30 min, and maintains good exposure over 4 h post-dosing. Overall, current data support the hypothesis that a persistent anorectic action contributes to the significant loss of bodyweight observed 24 h following acute dosing with SB-334867. As the compound is virtually undetectable in plasma or brain beyond 8 h post-dosing, and since nothing is known about potentially active metabolites, we consider the possibility that single dose treatment with SB-334867 results in enduring alterations to the orexin-1 receptor and/or downstream signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishii
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Ishii Y, Blundell JE, Halford JCG, Upton N, Porter R, Johns A, Rodgers RJ. Satiety enhancement by selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867: influence of test context and profile comparison with CCK-8S. Behav Brain Res 2004; 160:11-24. [PMID: 15836896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute systemic treatment with the selective orexin-1 (OX1R) antagonist SB-334867 reduces food intake in rats, an effect associated with an acceleration in behavioural satiety and unrelated to gross behavioural disruption, alterations in palatability, or toxicity. However, as enhanced satiety is behaviourally indexed by an earlier-than-normal transition from eating to resting, and since orexin-A has been implicated in mechanisms of arousal, it remains possible that sedation contributes to the anorectic effect of acute OX1R blockade. Previous work has shown that, when treated with SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before a 1h test with palatable food, rats begin to show appreciable levels of resting 10-15 min earlier than under control conditions (i.e. around 20 min versus 30-35 min into the session). The present results demonstrate that a 20 min increase in the injection-test interval (i.e. 50 min) had no significant impact on the anorectic, behavioural or weight gain effects of SB-334867 in non-deprived male rats. Most importantly, this altered treatment regimen led to a temporal profile of resting virtually identical to that previously observed with the more conventional 30 min injection-test interval. Although parallel studies indicated that the OX1R antagonist accelerated the onset of resting (and suppressed most active behaviours) even in the absence of food, an equianorectic dose of the natural satiety-related signal cholescystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8S; 5 microg/kg, i.p.) also produced very similar behavioural effects regardless of the presence of food. Together with evidence that SB-334867 preserves the structural integrity of natural feeding behaviour, does not induce nausea/illness or alter taste/palatability and fails to influence EEG measures of arousal/sleep, the present findings are consistent with the view that acute OX1R antagonism selectively enhances satiety. However, unlike the immediate short-circuiting of the satiety sequence induced by CCK-8S, the slower response to SB-334867 implies a more indirect mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishii
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Ishii Y, Blundell JE, Halford JCG, Upton N, Porter R, Johns A, Rodgers RJ. Differential effects of the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 and lithium chloride on the behavioural satiety sequence in rats. Physiol Behav 2004; 81:129-40. [PMID: 15059692 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Revised: 01/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that acute systemic administration of the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 significantly reduces food intake in rats. Although this anorectic action of orexin-1 receptor blockade is associated with an acceleration in the transition from eating to resting, it is widely recognised that the behavioural indices of satiety are not dissimilar to those of illness. In this context, Experiment 1 confirmed a significant anorectic effect of 90 (but not 60) mg/kg lithium chloride (LiCl) in male rats presented with palatable mash in the home-cage environment. Experiment 2 employed a continuous monitoring technique to contrast the effects of LiCl (90 mg/kg) and SB-334867 (10 and 30 mg/kg) on food intake and behaviour during a 1-h test with palatable mash. SB-334867 dose-dependently inhibited food intake, with the higher dose producing a comparable degree of appetite suppression (approximately 40%) to that seen with LiCl. Despite equivalent anorectic action, the two compounds produced very different effects on behaviour. LiCl reduced active behaviours (locomotion, rearing, grooming and sniffing), slowed the rate of eating and disrupted the behavioural satiety sequence (BSS). In contrast, SB-334867 (30 mg/kg) decreased the duration of feeding and grooming, and modestly accelerated the transition between eating and resting. Furthermore, whereas LiCl failed to alter posttreatment bodyweight gain, SB-334867 (30 mg/kg) produced a significant weight loss in the 24-h period immediately following injection. Overall, the divergent profiles obtained with equianorectic doses of LiCl and SB-334867 provide convincing evidence for the behavioural selectivity of SB-334867-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishii
- Behavioural Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Bingham S, Davey PT, Babbds AJ, Irving EA, Sammons MJ, Wyles M, Jeffrey P, Cutler L, Riba I, Johns A, Porter RA, Upton N, Hunter AJ, Parsons AA. Orexin-A, an hypothalamic peptide with analgesic properties. (SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom) Pain. 2001;92:81-90. Pain Pract 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1533-2500.2001.1039_17.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Despite decades of research, numerous new product ideas and 'carefully considered opinions' of recognized experts, very few products for the prevention of post-operative adhesions have met the requirements for Level 1 evidence of safety and efficacy. Those that have are useable only at laparotomy. Several new liquid products intended for use at laparoscopy are in various stages of development and clinical investigation. Hopefully, some will prove to be both simple to use and efficacious. Even if this occurs, it must be remembered that a reduction in post-operative adhesions does not necessarily produce a better clinical outcome. Our common sense suggests that fewer adhesions should logically result in less pain, more pregnancies, fewer bowel obstructions and less long-term morbidity. We believe that 'fewer adhesions' is a good thing, but we have no controlled human trials to prove this. How much of a reduction in post-operative adhesions is necessary before it is clinically relevant? A single adhesion in the wrong anatomic location may be catastrophic. How do we measure this? Until these and other questions have been answered (if ever), we have nothing more than educated guesses that all these efforts are warranted.
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Abstract
During thrombosis, vascular wall cells are exposed to clotting factors, including the procoagulant proteases thrombin and factor Xa (FXa), both known to induce cell signaling. FXa shows dose-dependent induction of intracellular Ca(2+) transients in vascular wall cells that is active-site-dependent, Gla-domain-independent, and enhanced by FXa assembly into the prothrombinase complex. FXa signaling is independent of prothrombin activation as shown by the lack of inhibition by argatroban, hirudin and the sulfated C-terminal peptide of hirudin (Hir(54-65)(SO3(-))). This peptide binds to both proexosite I in prothrombin and exosite I in thrombin. In contrast, signaling is completely blocked by the FXa inhibitor ZK-807834 (CI-1031). No inhibition is observed by peptides which block interaction of FXa with effector cell protease 1 receptor (EPR-1), indicating that this receptor does not mediate signaling in the cells assayed. Receptor desensitization studies with thrombin or peptide agonists (PAR-1 or PAR-2) and experiments with PAR-1-blocking antibodies indicate that signaling by FXa is mediated by both PAR-1 and PAR-2. Potential pathophysiological responses to FXa include increased cell proliferation, increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and increased production of prothrombotic tissue factor. These cellular responses, which may complicate vascular disease, are inhibited by ZK-807834.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McLean
- Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
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Porter RA, Chan WN, Coulton S, Johns A, Hadley MS, Widdowson K, Jerman JC, Brough SJ, Coldwell M, Smart D, Jewitt F, Jeffrey P, Austin N. 1,3-Biarylureas as selective non-peptide antagonists of the orexin-1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1907-10. [PMID: 11459658 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports SARs for the first orexin-1 receptor antagonist series of 1-aryl-3-quinolin-4-yl and 1-aryl-3-naphthyridin-4-yl ureas. One of these compounds, 31 (SB-334867), has excellent selectivity for the orexin-1 receptor, blood-brain barrier permeability and shows in vivo activity following ip dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Porter
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park North, Third Avenue, Harlow, CM19 5AW, Essex, UK.
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Bingham S, Davey PT, Babbs AJ, Irving EA, Sammons MJ, Wyles M, Jeffrey P, Cutler L, Riba I, Johns A, Porter RA, Upton N, Hunter AJ, Parsons AA. Orexin-A, an hypothalamic peptide with analgesic properties. Pain 2001; 92:81-90. [PMID: 11323129 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic peptide orexin-A and the orexin-1 receptor are localized in areas of the brain and spinal cord associated with nociceptive processing. In the present study, localization was confirmed in the spinal cord and demonstrated in the dorsal root ganglion for both orexin-A and the orexin-1 receptor. The link with nociception was extended when orexin-A was shown to be analgesic when given i.v. but not s.c. in mouse and rat models of nociception and hyperalgesia. The efficacy of orexin-A was similar to that of morphine in the 50 degrees C hotplate test and the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia test. However, involvement of the opiate system in these effects was ruled out as they were blocked by the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 but not naloxone. Orexin-1 receptor antagonists had no effect in acute nociceptive tests but under particular inflammatory conditions were pro-hyperalgesic, suggesting a tonic inhibitory orexin drive in these circumstances. These data demonstrate that the orexinergic system has a potential role in the modulation of nociceptive transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bingham
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park North, 3rd Avenue, Essex CM19 5AW, Harlow, UK.
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Rodgers RJ, Halford JC, Nunes de Souza RL, Canto de Souza AL, Piper DC, Arch JR, Upton N, Porter RA, Johns A, Blundell JE. SB-334867, a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, enhances behavioural satiety and blocks the hyperphagic effect of orexin-A in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 13:1444-52. [PMID: 11298806 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the novel hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin-A stimulates food intake in rats, and delays the onset of behavioural satiety (i.e. the natural transition from feeding to resting). Furthermore, preliminary findings with the selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867, suggest that orexin-A regulation of food intake is mediated via the orexin-1 receptor. At present, however, little is known about either the intrinsic effects of SB-334867 on the normal structure of feeding behaviour, or its effects upon orexin-A-induced behavioural change. In the present study, we have employed a continuous monitoring technique to characterize the effects of SB-334867 (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.) on the microstructure of rat behaviour during a 1-h test with palatable wet mash. Administered alone, SB-334867 (30 mg/kg, but not lower doses) significantly reduced food intake and most active behaviours (eating, grooming, sniffing, locomotion and rearing), while increasing resting. Although suggestive of a behaviourally nonselective (i.e. sedative) action, the structure of feeding behaviour was well-preserved at this dose level, with the reduction in behavioural output clearly attributable to an earlier onset of behavioural satiety. As previously reported, orexin-A (10 microg per rat i.c.v.) stimulated food intake, increased grooming and delayed the onset of behavioural satiety. Pretreatment with SB-334867 dose-dependently blocked these effects of orexin-A, with significant antagonism evident at dose levels (3-10 mg/kg) below those required to produce intrinsic behavioural effects under present test conditions. Together, these findings strongly support the view that orexin-A is involved in the regulation of feeding patterns and that this influence is mediated through the orexin-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Rodgers
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK.
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31
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Abstract
The pharmacology of various peptide and non-peptide ligands was studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing human orexin-1 (OX(1)) or orexin-2 (OX(2)) receptors by measuring intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) using Fluo-3AM. Orexin-A and orexin-B increased [Ca(2+)](i) in CHO-OX(1) (pEC(50)=8.38+/-0.04 and 7.26+/-0.05 respectively, n=12) and CHO-OX(2) (pEC(50)=8.20+/-0.03 and 8.26+/-0.04 respectively, n=8) cells. However, neuropeptide Y and secretin (10 pM - 10 microM) displayed neither agonist nor antagonist properties in either cell-line. SB-334867-A (1-(2-Methyylbenzoxanzol-6-yl)-3-[1,5]naphthyridin-4-yl-urea hydrochloride) inhibited the orexin-A (10 nM) and orexin-B (100 nM)-induced calcium responses (pK(B)=7.27+/-0.04 and 7.23+/-0.03 respectively, n=8), but had no effect on the UTP (3 microM)-induced calcium response in CHO-OX(1) cells. SB-334867-A (10 microM) also inhibited OX(2) mediated calcium responses (32.7+/-1.9% versus orexin-A). SB-334867-A was devoid of agonist properties in either cell-line. In conclusion, SB-334867-A is a non-peptide OX(1) selective receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Smart
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is commonly regarded as an innocuous drug and the prevalence of lifetime and regular use has increased in most developed countries. However, accumulative evidence highlights the risks of dependence and other adverse effects, particularly among people with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. AIMS To re-evaluate the adverse effects of cannabis in the general population and among vulnerable individuals, including those with serious psychiatric disorders. METHOD A wide-ranging review of the topics related to these issues. Results and conclusions An appreciable proportion of cannabis users report short-lived adverse effects, including psychotic states following heavy consumption, and regular users are at risk of dependence. People with major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia are especially vulnerable in that cannabis generally provokes relapse and aggravates existing symptoms. Health workers need to recognise, and respond to, the adverse effects of cannabis on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johns
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johns
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA
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Jones DN, Gartlon J, Parker F, Taylor SG, Routledge C, Hemmati P, Munton RP, Ashmeade TE, Hatcher JP, Johns A, Porter RA, Hagan JJ, Hunter AJ, Upton N. Effects of centrally administered orexin-B and orexin-A: a role for orexin-1 receptors in orexin-B-induced hyperactivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 153:210-8. [PMID: 11205421 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Orexin-A and orexin-B are hypothalamic neuropeptides derived from a 130-amino acid precursor, prepro-orexin, and are potent agonists at both the orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptors. Orexin-A has been ascribed a number of in vivo functions in the rat after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, including hyperphagia, neuroendocrine modulation and a role in the regulation of sleep-wake function. The in vivo role of orexin-B is not as clear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the behavioural, endocrine and neurochemical effects of orexin-B in in-vivo tests. In a number of experiments, these effects were compared with those of orexin-A. METHODS Experiments were carried out in male, Sprague-Dawley rats with a guide cannula directed towards the lateral ventricle. The effects of orexin-B (ICV) upon grooming behaviour were compared with those of orexin-A. The effects of orexin-B upon the motor activity response to both novel and familiar environments were assessed in an automated activity monitor. Orexin-B was tested upon startle reactivity and body temperature. Further, plasma hormones and [DOPAC+ HVA]/[DA] and [5-HIAA]/[5-HT] ratios in six brain areas were measured 40 min post-orexin-B or orexin-A. RESULTS The clearest behavioural response to orexin-B was increased motor activity in both novel and familiar environments. Orexin-B-induced hyperactivity was blocked by an OX1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867-A, implicating OX1 receptors in this behavioural response. In common with orexin-A, orexin-B reduced plasma prolactin and failed to influence startle reactivity. However, in contrast with orexin-A, orexin-B increased head grooming but failed to cause a robust whole body grooming response or increase plasma corticosterone levels. Further, orexin-B, but not orexin-A, increased plasma TSH and increased hypothalamic and striatal [5-HIAA]/[5-HT] ratios. CONCLUSIONS The present study has demonstrated a number of behavioural, neuroendocrine and neurochemical effects of orexin-B that distinguish it from orexin-A. Further, we have demonstrated a role for OX1 receptors in the actions of orexin-B upon motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Jones
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Duxon MS, Stretton J, Starr K, Jones DN, Holland V, Riley G, Jerman J, Brough S, Smart D, Johns A, Chan W, Porter RA, Upton N. Evidence that orexin-A-evoked grooming in the rat is mediated by orexin-1 (OX1) receptors, with downstream 5-HT2C receptor involvement. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 153:203-9. [PMID: 11205420 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Orexins A and B have recently been discovered and shown to be derived from preproorexin, primarily expressed in the rat hypothalamus. Orexin-A has been ascribed a number of in vivo functions in the rat after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, including hyperphagia, neuroendocrine modulation and, most recently, evidence for a behavioural response characterised by an increase in grooming. OBJECTIVES Here, we have investigated the orexin-receptor subtypes involved in the grooming response to orexin-A (3 microg, ICV) in the rat. METHODS Male rats, habituated to clear Perspex behavioural observation boxes, were pretreated with antagonists with mixed selectivity for OX1, OX2, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptor subtypes prior to the administration of orexin-A and the intense grooming response elicited by this peptide assessed. RESULTS Pretreatment of rats with a mixed OX1/5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist 1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-3-quinolin-4-ylurea (SB-284422), revealed a significant, but incomplete, blockade of orexin-A-induced grooming. Despite the low potency of orexin-A at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors in vitro (pKi<5), studies were undertaken to determine whether downstream 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C receptors mediate in the grooming-elicited by orexin-A. Whilst the selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, SB-215505 (3 mg/kg, PO, 5-HT2B, pKi=8.58; OX1, pKB < 5.15) failed to effect orexin-A-induced grooming, the selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, SB-242084 (1 mg/kg, IP, 5-HT2C, pKi = 8.95; OX1, pKB < 5.1) potently antagonised the grooming response to this peptide. This suggested that the partial blockade of orexin-A-induced grooming obtained with SB-284422 might be attributable to its 5-HT2C and/or OX1 receptor blocking activity. However, complete blockade of orexin-A-induced grooming by the subsequently identified selective OX1 receptor antagonist 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-[1,5]naphthyridin-4-yl urea hydrochloride, SB-334867-A (OX1, pKB = 7.4; OX2, pKB = 5.7), devoid of appreciable affinity for either 5-HT2B (pKi < 5.3) or 5-HT2C (pKi < 5.4) receptors, provides the first definitive evidence that a central behavioural effect of orexin-A (grooming) is mediated by OX1 receptors. CONCLUSIONS This data suggests that orexin-A indirectly activates 5-HT2C receptors downstream from OX1 receptors to elicit grooming in the rat. The use of SB-334867-A in vivo will enable the role of OX,1 receptors within the rat central nervous system to be further characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Duxon
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Haynes AC, Jackson B, Chapman H, Tadayyon M, Johns A, Porter RA, Arch JR. A selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist reduces food consumption in male and female rats. Regul Pept 2000; 96:45-51. [PMID: 11102651 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A variety of evidence implicates the orexins, especially orexin-A, in the regulation of food intake, but it has not been established whether this effect is mediated by the orexin-1 or orexin-2 receptor. In the present study, a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-[1,5]naphthyridin-4-yl urea hydrochloride (SB-334867-A), was administered intraperitoneally to rats under various conditions, and food consumption was subsequently measured over 24 h. In male rats, a single dose of SB-334867-A (30 mg/kg, i.p.) given during the light phase reduced both orexin-A-induced food intake (7 nmol, i.c.v.) and feeding stimulated by an overnight fast for 4 h. When given at the start of the dark phase, food consumption was reduced in both male and female rats over 24 h. Daily injections at the start of the dark phase for 3 days reduced natural feeding in male rats over 24 h on days one and three. These findings demonstrate direct inhibition of orexin-A induced food intake with a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, the suppression of nocturnal feeding and food intake stimulated by an overnight fast supports other evidence that orexin-A is involved in the regulation of natural feeding and suggests that orexin-1 receptor antagonists could be useful in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Haynes
- Vascular Biology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, CM19 5AW, Essex, UK.
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Johns A, Code K, Paul J. Caring for those who care for dying patients. Nurs N Z 2000; 6:14-5. [PMID: 12012480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Marathe S, Miranda SR, Devlin C, Johns A, Kuriakose G, Williams KJ, Schuchman EH, Tabas I. Creation of a mouse model for non-neurological (type B) Niemann-Pick disease by stable, low level expression of lysosomal sphingomyelinase in the absence of secretory sphingomyelinase: relationship between brain intra-lysosomal enzyme activity and central nervous system function. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:1967-76. [PMID: 10942425 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.13.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most lysosomal storage diseases result in neurodegeneration, but deficiencies in the same enzymes can also lead to syndromes without neurologic manifestations. The hypothesis that low levels of residual, intra-lysosomal enzymatic activities in the central nervous system (CNS) are protective has been difficult to prove because of inconsistencies in assays of tissue samples. Experimental correction of lysosomal enzyme deficiencies in animal models suggests that low-level enzymatic activity may reduce CNS pathology, but these results are difficult to interpret owing to the partial and transient nature of the improvements, the presence of secretory hydrolases, and other confounding factors. Using a novel transgenic/knockout strategy to manipulate the intracellular targeting of a hydrolase, we created a mouse that stably expresses low levels of lysosomal sphingomyelinase (L-SMase) in the complete absence of secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase). The brains of these mice exhibited 11.5-18.2% of wild-type L-SMase activity, but the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer, which is lost by 4 months of age in mice completely lacking L- and S-SMase, was preserved for at least 8 months. The L-SMase activities in other organs were 1-14% of wild-type levels, and by 8 months of age all peripheral organs had accumulated sphingomyelin and demonstrated pathological intracellular inclusions. Most importantly, L-SMase-expressing mice showed no signs of the severe neurologic disease observed in completely deficient mice, and their life span and general health were essentially normal. These findings show that stable, continuous, low-level expression of intra-lysosomal enzyme activity in the brain can preserve CNS function in the absence of secretory enzyme or other confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marathe
- Departments of Medicine and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 17beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, the enzyme that inactivates estradiol to estrone, is expressed in luteal eutopic endometrium in response to progesterone but not in simultaneously biopsied peritoneal endometriotic tissue. This molecular evidence of progesterone resistance, together with the clinical observation of resistance of endometriosis to treatment with progestins, led us to determine the levels of progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms PR-A and PR-B in eutopic endometrial and extra-ovarian endometriotic tissues. It was proposed that progesterone action on target genes is mediated primarily by homodimers of PR-B, whereas the truncated variant PR-A acts as a repressor of PR-B function. Immunoprecipitation, followed by Western blot analysis, was performed to detect bands specific for PR-A and PR-B in paired samples of endometriotic and eutopic endometrial tissues simultaneously biopsed from 18 women undergoing laparoscopy during various phases of the menstrual cycle. PR-B was present in 17 of 18 eutopic endometrial samples, and its level increased in the preovulatory phase, as expected, whereas PR-A was detected in all samples (n = 18) with a similar, but less prominent, cyclic variation in its levels. In endometriotic samples, however, no detectable PR-B could be demonstrated, whereas PR-A was detected in all samples (n = 18), albeit in much lower levels and without any cyclic variation in contrast with the eutopic endometrium. Levels of PR-A and PR-B in endometriotic and eutopic endometrial tissues were determined and compared after normalization to total protein and estrogen receptor-alpha levels. Using RNase protection assay, we also demonstrated indirectly that only PR-A transcripts were present in endometriotic tissue samples (n = 8), whereas both PR-A and PR-B transcripts were readily detectable in all eutopic endometrial samples (n = 8). This was indicative that failure to detect PR-B protein in endometriotic tissues is due to the absence of PR-B transcripts. We conclude that progesterone resistance in endometriotic tissue from laboratory and clinical observations may be accounted for by the presence of the inhibitory PR isoform PR-A and the absence of the stimulatory isoform PR-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Attia
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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Wong ML, Xie B, Beatini N, Phu P, Marathe S, Johns A, Gold PW, Hirsch E, Williams KJ, Licinio J, Tabas I. Acute systemic inflammation up-regulates secretory sphingomyelinase in vivo: a possible link between inflammatory cytokines and atherogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:8681-6. [PMID: 10890909 PMCID: PMC27008 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.150098097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in atherogenesis, yet the mediators linking inflammation to specific atherogenic processes remain to be elucidated. One such mediator may be secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase), a product of the acid sphingomyelinase gene. The secretion of S-SMase by cultured endothelial cells is induced by inflammatory cytokines, and in vivo data have implicated S-SMase in subendothelial lipoprotein aggregation, macrophage foam cell formation, and possibly other atherogenic processes. Thus, the goal of this study was to seek evidence for S-SMase regulation in vivo during a physiologically relevant inflammatory response. First, wild-type mice were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of acute systemic inflammation. Serum S-SMase activity 3 h postinjection was increased 2- to 2.5-fold by LPS (P < 0.01). To determine the role of IL-1 in the LPS response, we used IL-1 converting enzyme knockout mice, which exhibit deficient IL-1 bioactivity. The level of serum S-SMase activity in LPS-injected IL-1 converting enzyme knockout mice was approximately 35% less than that in identically treated wild-type mice (P < 0.01). In LPS-injected IL-1-receptor antagonist knockout mice, which have an enhanced response to IL-1, serum S-SMase activity was increased 1. 8-fold compared with LPS-injected wild-type mice (P < 0.01). Finally, when wild-type mice were injected directly with IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or both, serum S-SMase activity increased 1. 6-, 2.3-, and 2.9-fold, respectively (P < 0.01). These data show regulation of S-SMase activity in vivo and they raise the possibility that local stimulation of S-SMase may contribute to the effects of inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761, USA
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Bulun SE, Zeitoun K, Takayama K, Noble L, Michael D, Simpson E, Johns A, Putman M, Sasano H. Estrogen production in endometriosis and use of aromatase inhibitors to treat endometriosis. Endocr Relat Cancer 1999; 6:293-301. [PMID: 10731122 DOI: 10.1677/erc.0.0060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is the most important known factor that stimulates the growth of endometriosis. Estrogen delivery to endometriotic implants was classically viewed to be only via the circulating blood in an endocrine fashion. We recently uncovered an autocrine positive feedback mechanism, which favored the continuous production of estrogen and prostaglandin (PG)E2 in the endometriotic stromal cells. The enzyme, aromatase, is aberrantly expressed in endometriotic stromal cells and catalyzes the conversion of C19 steroids to estrogens, which then stimulate cyclooxygenase-2 to increase the levels of PGE2. PGE2, in turn, is a potent inducer of aromatase activity in endometriotic stromal cells. Aromatase is not expressed in the eutopic endometrium. Aromatase expression in endometriosis and its inhibition in eutopic endometrium are controlled by the competitive binding of a stimulatory transcription factor, steroidogenic factor-1, and an inhibitory factor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor to a regulatory element in the aromatase P450 gene promoter. In addition, we find that endometriotic tissue is deficient in 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which is normally expressed in eutopic endometrial glandular cells and inactivates estradiol-17beta to estrone. This deficiency is another aberration that favors higher levels of estradiol-17beta in endometriotic tissues in comparison with the eutopic endometrium. The clinical relevance of local aromatase expression in endometriosis was exemplified by the successful treatment of an unusually aggressive form of recurrent endometriosis in a postmenopausal woman using an aromatase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA
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Johns A. Is leadership turnover healthy or hazardous? J Long Term Care Adm 1999; 24:8-9. [PMID: 10162440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The factors that compel administrators to move on are many and complex. Bad survey outcomes may be a catalyst for such a movement but I believe the reasons are more intricate and demand more research. Investment in a leader is necessary for organizations to face the challenges of the future with confidence. Perhaps the length of tenure will be less important than what the leader can achieve during his or her tenure. Finally, it is important to note that leadership, as Gilmour (1988) points out, "is not an exclusive property at the top of the organization; it is critically necessary at all levels." The leader acts as a sort of boundary rider mediating, translating and articulating the goals and aspirations of the organizations. Gilmour sees leaders "as shock absorbers mediating between the wider environment and the organization, buffeting and transforming external pressures into workable challenges for the internal divisions of the organization." It becomes a matter of how long leaders can cope with the buffeting and still experience satisfaction that they are making a difference.
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Austin NE, Avenell KY, Boyfield I, Branch CL, Coldwell MC, Hadley MS, Jeffrey P, Johns A, Johnson CN, Nash DJ, Riley GJ, Smith SA, Stacey RC, Stemp G, Thewlis KM, Vong AK. Novel 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with high affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:179-84. [PMID: 10021923 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Using clearance and brain penetration studies as a screen, tetrahydroisoquinoline 3 was identified as a lead having low clearance in rats (CLb 20 ml/min/kg). Introduction of a 7-CF3SO2O- substituent into the tetrahydroisoquinoline, followed by replacement of the biphenylamido group of 3 by a 3-indolylpropenamido group gave 31, having high D3 receptor affinity (pKi 8.4) and 150 fold selectivity over the D2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Austin
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, UK
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Johns A. Reproducing utopia: Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's "The New Clarissa". Hist Reflect 1999; 25:307-321. [PMID: 21254716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Zeitoun K, Takayama K, Sasano H, Suzuki T, Moghrabi N, Andersson S, Johns A, Meng L, Putman M, Carr B, Bulun SE. Deficient 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 expression in endometriosis: failure to metabolize 17beta-estradiol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:4474-80. [PMID: 9851796 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.12.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant aromatase expression in stromal cells of endometriosis gives rise to conversion of circulating androstenedione to estrone in this tissue, whereas aromatase expression is absent in the eutopic endometrium. In this study, we initially demonstrated by Northern blotting transcripts of the reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17betaHSD) type 1, which catalyzes the conversion of estrone to 17beta-estradiol, in both eutopic endometrium and endometriosis. Thus, it follows that the product of the aromatase reaction, namely estrone, that is weakly estrogenic can be converted to the potent estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, in endometriotic tissues. It was previously demonstrated that progesterone stimulates the inactivation of 17beta-estradiol through conversion to estrone in eutopic endometrial epithelial cells. Subsequently, 17betaHSD type 2 was shown to catalyze this reaction, and its transcripts were detected in the epithelial cell component of the eutopic endometrium in secretory phase. Because 17beta-estradiol plays a critical role in the development and growth of endometriosis, we studied 17betaHSD-2 expression in endometriotic tissues and eutopic endometrium. We demonstrated, by Northern blotting, 17betaHSD-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) in all RNA samples of secretory eutopic endometrium (n=12) but not in secretory samples of endometriotic lesions (n=10), including paired samples of endometrium and endometriosis obtained simultaneously from eight patients. This messenger RNA was not detectable in any samples of proliferative eutopic endometrium or endometriosis (n=4) as expected. Next, we confirmed these findings by demonstration of immunoreactive 17betaHSD-2 in epithelial cells of secretory eutopic endometrium in 11 of 13 samples employing a monoclonal antibody against 17betaHSD-2, whereas 17betaHSD-2 was absent in paired secretory endometriotic tissues (n=4). Proliferative eutopic endometrial (n=8) and endometriotic (n=4) tissues were both negative for immunoreactive 17betaHSD-2, except for barely detectable levels in 1 eutopic endometrial sample. Finally, we sought to determine whether deficient 17betaHSD-2 expression in endometriotic tissues is due to impaired progesterone action in endometriosis. We determined by immunohistochemistry the expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors in these paired samples of secretory (n=4) and proliferative (n=4) eutopic endometrium and endometriosis, and no differences could be demonstrated. In conclusion, inactivation of 17beta-estradiol is impaired in endometriotic tissues due to deficient expression of 17betaHSD-2, which is normally expressed in eutopic endometrium in response to progesterone. The lack of 17betaHSD-2 expression in endometriosis is not due to alterations in the levels of immunoreactive progesterone or estrogen receptors in this tissue and may be related to an inhibitory aberration in the signaling pathway that regulates 17betaHSD-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zeitoun
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9051, USA
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Johns A. Overview of bone marrow and stem cell transplantation. J Intraven Nurs 1998; 21:356-60. [PMID: 10392101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplants and peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplants have improved survival of many patients with hematologic malignancies. This aggressive approach uses high-dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy for acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, and selected solid tumors. High-dose therapy requires intensive medical and nursing care. The focus of care is the management of side effects, monitoring of toxicities, and prevention of complications. The outcome of bone marrow and peripheral cell transplants is related to patient age, underlying disease status, and type of transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johns
- Stanford University Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, USA
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Mintzer RJ, Croze E, Rubanyi GM, Johns A. Differential effects of IFN-beta1b on the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1998; 18:939-45. [PMID: 9858315 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of human interferon (IFN)-beta1b (Betaseron) on the proliferation of cultured human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells was tested in vitro. IFN-beta1b inhibited thymidine incorporation and growth of primary cultures of human aortic and coronary artery smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner. The same concentrations of IFN-beta1b did not inhibit thymidine incorporation or growth of primary cultures of human aortic or coronary artery endothelial cells. IFN-beta1b induced the expression of MxA (an antiviral protein induced by type I IFNs) in both smooth muscle and endothelial cells, suggesting that both cell types express receptors for type I IFNs. The growth-inhibitory effect of IFN-beta1b could be mimicked by commercially available human IFN-beta, but not by IFN-alpha2 or IFN-alpha8. The effect of IFN-beta1b was species specific, as it did not inhibit thymidine incorporation in aortic smooth muscle cells derived from pig, rabbit, rat, or mouse. The action of IFN-beta1b on smooth muscle cells persisted for at least 4 days following a 24 h preincubation with IFN-beta1b. Human vascular smooth muscle cells treated with IFN-beta1b did not release lactate dehydrogenase, nor did they show any morphologic change, suggesting that IFN-beta1b was not toxic to the human vascular smooth muscle cells. IFN-beta1b inhibited vascular smooth muscle growth while having no growth-inhibitory effect on endothelial cells obtained from the same blood vessel, making it a potential candidate for treating pathologic conditions where abnormal vascular smooth muscle proliferation is implicated, such as restenosis following balloon angioplasty or smooth muscle proliferation following vascular stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Mintzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, CA 94804-4099, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johns
- Harris Methodist Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas 76180, USA
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Johns A, Clarke S, Stark MM. Management of potentially violent detainees. J Clin Forensic Med 1997; 4:139-44. [PMID: 15335574 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-1131(97)90094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Most doctors and other health care workers have at some time received threats of violence, but the assessment of police detainees can be especially challenging and in a recent study of police surgeons, 18% had experienced physical violence. Aggression towards carers rarely erupts without warning and there is much that the examining doctor can do to minimize personal risk. This review offers a brief overview of current understanding about the causes of violence and offers guidance on the systematic assessment of risk and how to manage this within the setting of a clinical assessment of a detained individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johns
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Gunn WD, Johns A, Maden A, Taylor PJ. Doctors should work towards elimination of all firearms and knives. BMJ 1997; 314:514. [PMID: 9081574 PMCID: PMC2125971 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.314.7079.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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