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Hua JPY, Roach BJ, Ford JM, Mathalon DH. Mismatch Negativity and Theta Oscillations Evoked by Auditory Deviance in Early Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2023; 8:1186-1196. [PMID: 36931469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplitude reduction of mismatch negativity (MMN), an event-related potential component indexing NMDA receptor-dependent auditory echoic memory and predictive coding, is widely replicated in schizophrenia. Time-frequency analyses of single-trial electroencephalography epochs suggest that theta oscillation abnormalities underlie MMN deficits in schizophrenia. However, this has received less attention in early schizophrenia (ESZ). METHODS Patients with ESZ (n = 89), within 5 years of illness onset, and healthy control subjects (n = 105) completed an electroencephalography MMN paradigm (duration-deviant, pitch-deviant, duration + pitch double-deviant). Repeated measures analyses of variance assessed group differences in MMN, theta intertrial phase coherence (ITC), and theta total power from frontocentral electrodes, after normal age adjustment. Group differences were retested after covarying MMN and theta measures. RESULTS Relative to healthy control subjects, patients with ESZ showed auditory deviance deficits. Patients with ESZ had MMN deficits for duration-deviants (p = .041), pitch-deviants (ps = .007), and double-deviants (ps < .047). Patients with ESZ had reduced theta ITC for standards (ps < .040) and duration-deviants (ps < .030). Furthermore, patients with ESZ had reduced theta power across deviants at central electrodes (p = .013). MMN group deficits were not fully accounted for by theta ITC and power, and neither were theta ITC group deficits fully accounted for by MMN. Group differences in theta total power were no longer significant after covarying for MMN. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ESZ showed reduced MMN and theta total power for all deviant types. Theta ITC showed a relatively specific reduction for duration-deviants. Although MMN and theta ITC were correlated in ESZ, covarying for one did not fully account for deficits in the other, raising the possibility of their sensitivity to dissociable pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Y Hua
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco, California; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Lecaignard F, Bertrand O, Caclin A, Mattout J. Empirical Bayes evaluation of fused EEG-MEG source reconstruction: Application to auditory mismatch evoked responses. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117468. [PMID: 33075561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We here turn the general and theoretical question of the complementarity of EEG and MEG for source reconstruction, into a practical empirical one. Precisely, we address the challenge of evaluating multimodal data fusion on real data. For this purpose, we build on the flexibility of Parametric Empirical Bayes, namely for EEG-MEG data fusion, group level inference and formal hypothesis testing. The proposed approach follows a two-step procedure by first using unimodal or multimodal inference to derive a cortical solution at the group level; and second by using this solution as a prior model for single subject level inference based on either unimodal or multimodal data. Interestingly, for inference based on the same data (EEG, MEG or both), one can then formally compare, as alternative hypotheses, the relative plausibility of the two unimodal and the multimodal group priors. Using auditory data, we show that this approach enables to draw important conclusions, namely on (i) the superiority of multimodal inference, (ii) the greater spatial sensitivity of MEG compared to EEG, (iii) the ability of EEG data alone to source reconstruct temporal lobe activity, (iv) the usefulness of EEG to improve MEG based source reconstruction. Importantly, we largely reproduce those findings over two different experimental conditions. We here focused on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) responses for which generators have been extensively investigated with little homogeneity in the reported results. Our multimodal inference at the group level revealed spatio-temporal activity within the supratemporal plane with a precision which, to our knowledge, has never been achieved before with non-invasive recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Lecaignard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France.
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Anne Caclin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Jérémie Mattout
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CRNL; INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
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Knott V, Wright N, Shah D, Baddeley A, Bowers H, de la Salle S, Labelle A. Change in the Neural Response to Auditory Deviance Following Cognitive Therapy for Hallucinations in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:555. [PMID: 32595542 PMCID: PMC7304235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjunctive psychotherapeutic approaches recommended for patients with schizophrenia (SZ) who are fully or partially resistant to pharmacotherapy have rarely utilized biomarkers to enhance the understanding of treatment-effective mechanisms. As SZ patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) frequently evidence reduced neural responsiveness to external auditory stimulation, which may impact cognitive and functional outcomes, this study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for voices (CBTv) on clinical and AVH symptoms and the sensory processing of auditory deviants as measured with the electroencephalographically derived mismatch negativity (MMN) response. Twenty-four patients with SZ and AVH were randomly assigned to group CBTv treatment or a treatment as usual (TAU) condition. Patients in the group CBTv condition received treatment for 5 months while the matched control patients received TAU for the same period, followed by 5 months of group CBTv. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of treatment. Although not showing consistent changes in the frequency of AVHs, CBTv (vs. TAU) improved patients' appraisal (p = 0.001) of and behavioral/emotional responses to AVHs, and increased both MMN generation (p = 0.001) and auditory cortex current density (p = 0.002) in response to tone pitch deviants. Improvements in AVH symptoms were correlated with change in pitch deviant MMN and current density in left primary auditory cortex. These findings of improved auditory information processing and symptom-response attributable to CBTv suggest potential clinical and functional benefits of psychotherapeutical approaches for patients with persistent AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner Knott
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicola Wright
- Schizophrenia Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhrasti Shah
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Baddeley
- Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley Bowers
- Schizophrenia Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara de la Salle
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Labelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Schizophrenia Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Retsa C, Matusz PJ, Schnupp JW, Murray MM. What's what in auditory cortices? Neuroimage 2018; 176:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Impey D, de la Salle S, Baddeley A, Knott V. Effects of an NMDA antagonist on the auditory mismatch negativity response to transcranial direct current stimulation. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:614-624. [PMID: 27624152 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116665336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive form of brain stimulation which uses a weak constant current to alter cortical excitability and activity temporarily. tDCS-induced increases in neuronal excitability and performance improvements have been observed following anodal stimulation of brain regions associated with visual and motor functions, but relatively little research has been conducted with respect to auditory processing. Recently, pilot study results indicate that anodal tDCS can increase auditory deviance detection, whereas cathodal tDCS decreases auditory processing, as measured by a brain-based event-related potential (ERP), mismatch negativity (MMN). As evidence has shown that tDCS lasting effects may be dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, the current study investigated the use of dextromethorphan (DMO), an NMDA antagonist, to assess possible modulation of tDCS's effects on both MMN and working memory performance. The study, conducted in 12 healthy volunteers, involved four laboratory test sessions within a randomised, placebo and sham-controlled crossover design that compared pre- and post-anodal tDCS over the auditory cortex (2 mA for 20 minutes to excite cortical activity temporarily and locally) and sham stimulation (i.e. device is turned off) during both DMO (50 mL) and placebo administration. Anodal tDCS increased MMN amplitudes with placebo administration. Significant increases were not seen with sham stimulation or with anodal stimulation during DMO administration. With sham stimulation (i.e. no stimulation), DMO decreased MMN amplitudes. Findings from this study contribute to the understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms mediating tDCS sensory and memory improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Impey
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,2 School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sara de la Salle
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,2 School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ashley Baddeley
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- 1 Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Canada.,2 School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Hirose Y, Hara K, Miyajima M, Matsuda A, Maehara T, Hara M, Matsushima E, Ohta K, Matsuura M. Changes in the duration and frequency of deviant stimuli engender different mismatch negativity patterns in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 31:136-42. [PMID: 24412859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects preattentive sensory memory functions. Previous research revealed that MMN is generated by distinct sources in the frontal and temporal lobes. Event-related potential abnormalities have been shown in the vicinity of seizure foci in epilepsy. Additionally, no published study has investigated the MMN in response to variations in both frequency and duration deviants in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aims of this study were to compare MMN changes between the frontocentral sites and the mastoid sites and to compare MMNs related to deviant stimuli with different durations and frequencies in patients with TLE. We recorded MMNs elicited by duration and frequency changes of deviant stimuli from 15 patients with TLE and 15 healthy control subjects. We found that mean MMN amplitudes related to duration deviants were lower in patients with TLE at the mastoid sites relative to controls, whereas the MMN amplitudes at the frontocentral sites did not differ between the two groups. There were no MMN differences related to frequency deviants between TLE subjects and controls at the frontocentral sites or the mastoid sites. Mismatch negativity parameters related to duration deviants did not correlate with those related to deviant frequencies in the group with TLE. The present findings suggest selective impairments among multiple mismatch generators in TLE and suggest that processing of temporal information of auditory stimuli is selectively disturbed in TLE. Changes in MMN amplitudes related to duration deviants at the mastoid sites may represent deficits in time-dependent processing in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hirose
- Department of Life Sciences and Bio-informatics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Hara
- Department of Life Sciences and Bio-informatics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Hara Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Miyajima
- Section of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayasa Matsuda
- Section of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Eisuke Matsushima
- Section of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences and Bio-informatics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Section of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Onda-Daini Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Matsuura
- Department of Life Sciences and Bio-informatics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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He J, Li B, Guo Y, Näätänen R, Pakarinen S, Luo YJ. Effects of alcohol on auditory pre-attentive processing of four sound features: evidence from mismatch negativity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 225:353-60. [PMID: 22885913 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies have shown that alcohol could impair automatic pre-attentive change detection. However, several earlier studies which investigated alcohol-induced effects on single auditory feature independently were different from each other on the results. Meanwhile, only few auditory features have been investigated yet. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate effects of alcohol on multiple auditory features in one experiment. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effects of alcohol on automatic pre-attentive change detection of four kinds of auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration) in one experiment. METHODS This study, using multi-feature oddball paradigm, compares and analyzes mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by four kinds of auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration), of 12 participants, under alcohol (0.65 g/kg) and non-alcohol condition. RESULTS Compared to non-alcohol condition, amplitudes of all the four MMN types significantly declined under alcohol condition, and their amplitude decline ratios decreased as deviant magnitude became larger. Latencies of frequency and intensity MMN were delayed while latencies of location and duration MMN were not delayed significantly. CONCLUSION Alcohol impaired automatic pre-attentive change detection of all the four auditory features (frequency, intensity, location, and duration). However, the alcohol-induced impairment magnitude on automatic pre-attentive detection of the four auditory features was different from each other. According to analysis of amplitude, frequency seems to be affected most among the four auditory features. According to analysis of latency, only frequency and intensity were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Fiedler A, Schröter H, Seibold VC, Ulrich R. The influence of dichotical fusion on the redundant signals effect, localization performance, and the mismatch negativity. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2011; 11:68-84. [PMID: 21264649 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-010-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments, each including a simple reaction time (RT) task, a localization task, and a passive oddball paradigm, the physical similarity between two dichotically presented auditory stimuli was manipulated. In both experiments, a redundant signals effect (RSE), high localization performance, and a reliable mismatch negativity (MMN) was observed for largely differing stimuli, suggesting that these are coded separately in auditory memory. In contrast, no RSE and a localization rate close to chance level (experiment 1) or at chance (experiment 2) were observed for stimuli differing to a lesser degree. Crucially, for such stimuli a small (experiment 1) or no (experiment 2) MMN were observed. These MMN results indicate that such stimuli tend to fuse into a single percept and that this fusion occurs rather early within information processing.
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Trainor LJ, Lee K, Bosnyak DJ. Cortical plasticity in 4-month-old infants: specific effects of experience with musical timbres. Brain Topogr 2011; 24:192-203. [PMID: 21445665 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-011-0177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models suggest that the brain is particularly neuroplastic early in development, but previous studies have not systematically controlled the auditory environment in human infants and observed the effects on auditory cortical representations. We exposed 4-month-old infants to melodies in either guitar or marimba timbre (infants were randomly assigned to exposure group) for a total of ~160 min over the course of a week, after which we measured electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to guitar and marimba tones at pitches not previously heard during the exposure phase. A frontally negative response with a topography consistent with generation in auditory areas, peaking around 450 ms, was significantly larger for guitar than marimba tones in the guitar-exposed group but significantly larger for marimba than guitar tones in the marimba-exposed group. This indicates that experience with tones in a particular timbre affects representations for that timbre, and that this effect generalizes to tones not previously experienced during exposure. Furthermore, mismatch responses to occasional small 3% changes in pitch were larger for tones in guitar than marimba timbre only for infants exposed to guitar tones. Together these results indicate that a relatively small amount of passive exposure to a particular timbre in infancy enhances representations of that timbre and leads to more precise pitch processing for that timbre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel J Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
In an effort to reveal susceptibility genes, schizophrenia research has turned to the endophenotype strategy. Endophenotypes are characteristics that reflect the actions of genes predisposing an individual to a disorder, even in the absence of diagnosable pathology. Individual endophenotypes are presumably determined by fewer genes than the more complex phenotype of schizophrenia and would, therefore, reduce the complexity of genetic analyses. Unfortunately, despite there being rational criteria to define a viable endophenotype, the term is sometimes applied indiscriminately to characteristics that are deviant in affected individuals. Schizophrenia patients exhibit deficits in several neurophysiological measures of information processing that have been proposed as candidate endophenotypes. Successful processing of sensory inputs requires the ability to inhibit intrinsic responses to redundant stimuli and, reciprocally, to facilitate responses to less frequent salient stimuli. There is evidence to suggest that both these processes are "impaired" in schizophrenia. Measures of inhibitory failure include prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, P50 auditory evoked potential suppression, and antisaccade eye movements. Measures of impaired deviance detection include mismatch negativity and the P300 event-related potential. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the endophenotype candidacy of these key neurophysiological abilities. For each candidate, we describe typical experimental procedures, the current understanding of the underlying neurobiology, the nature of the abnormality in schizophrenia, the reliability, stability and heritability of the measure, and any reported gene associations. We conclude with a discussion of the few studies thus far that have employed a multivariate approach with these candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce I Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, 10th floor, Gates Building, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Chen ACH, Porjesz B, Rangaswamy M, Kamarajan C, Tang Y, Jones KA, Chorlian DB, Stimus AT, Begleiter H. Reduced Frontal Lobe Activity in Subjects With High Impulsivity and Alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:156-65. [PMID: 17207114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsivity is an important characteristic of many psychiatric disorders, including substance-related disorders. These disinhibitory disorders have a similar underlying genetic diathesis, with each disorder representing a different expression of the same underlying genetic liability. This study assessed whether there is a relationship between impulsivity and alcohol dependence, and their correlations with P3 (P300) amplitude, a proposed endophenotype of alcoholism. METHODS Healthy control subjects (n=58) and subjects with DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence (n=57) were assessed with a visual oddball task. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 61 scalp electrodes and P3 amplitudes measured. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), version 11, was used to evaluate impulsivity. Source localization of P3 was computed using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). RESULTS Alcoholic subjects manifested reductions in target P3 amplitudes (p<0.0001). Using LORETA, significantly reduced activation was mapped in the cingulate, medial, and superior frontal regions in alcoholic subjects and highly impulsive subjects. Alcoholic subjects had significantly higher scores on the BIS (p<0.0001) than nonalcoholic individuals. There were significant negative correlations between total scores on BIS and P3 amplitude (r=-0.274, p=0.003, on Pz; r=-0.250, p=0.007, on Cz). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a strong frontal focus of reduced activation during processing of visual targets in alcoholic subjects and individuals with higher impulsivity. The findings suggest that impulsivity may be an important factor that underlies the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence. Studies are underway to examine the relationship between impulsivity and ERPs in offspring of alcoholic subjects, and to identify genes associated with the underlying predisposition involved in disinhibitory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C H Chen
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Abstract
The ability to detect and preferentially process salient auditory stimuli, even when irrelevant to a current task, is often critical for adaptive behavior. This stimulus-driven allocation of processing resources is known as "attentional capture." Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans to investigate brain activity and behavioral effects related to such auditory attentional capture. Participants searched a sequence of tones for a target tone that was shorter or longer than the nontarget tones. An irrelevant singleton feature in the tone sequence resulted in behavioral interference (attentional capture) and activation of parietal and prefrontal cortices only when the singleton was associated with a nontarget tone (nontarget singleton) and not when associated with a target tone (target singleton). In contrast, the presence (vs. absence) of a singleton feature in the sequence was associated with activation of frontal and temporal loci previously associated with auditory change detection. These results suggest that a ventral network involving superior temporal and inferior frontal cortices responds to acoustic variability, regardless of attentional significance, but a dorsal frontoparietal network responds only when a feature singleton captures attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Watkins
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
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Abstract
Studies using a brain index for pre-attentive change detection, the mismatch negativity (MMN), suggested distinct neuronal populations for signaling changes in sound duration and frequency. However, these studies used only durations within the temporal window of loudness summation (ca. 200 ms) in which any duration change is accompanied by a loudness change. Hence, the present study employed stimulus durations both beyond and within this temporal window in order to examine the genuine duration representation in the brain. Magnetic mismatch responses (MMNm) for duration and frequency changes were compared with each other. The equivalent current dipole (ECD) of the duration MMNm was located in the auditory cortex slightly posterior to that for the frequency MMNm irrespective of stimulus duration. The results suggested separate memory representations for sound duration and frequency in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sysoeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Tervaniemi M, Sinkkonen J, Virtanen J, Kallio J, Ilmoniemi RJ, Salonen O, Näätänen R. Test–retest stability of the magnetic mismatch response (MMNm). Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:1897-905. [PMID: 15990358 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the replicability of the magnetically measured mismatch negativity (MMNm). METHODS The MMNm was recorded twice by using a 122-channel whole-head magnetometer in 15 healthy young adults. The MMNm responses for duration, intensity and frequency deviants were analyzed separately in left and right hemispheres for the response strength, latency, dipole moment, and generator loci. RESULTS In the right hemisphere, the test-retest correlations were statistically significant for all MMNm parameters (r = 0.49-0.89). In the left hemisphere, the majority of the MMNm parameters also demonstrated statistically significant test-retest correlations (r = 0.61-0.82). In addition, the MMNm generator loci were stable for all deviants. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The present results are encouraging in terms of both research and clinical use of MMNm in studying human auditory discrimination in its normal and deteriorated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tervaniemi
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Finland.
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Kamarajan C, Porjesz B, Jones KA, Chorlian DB, Padmanabhapillai A, Rangaswamy M, Stimus AT, Begleiter H. Spatial-anatomical mapping of NoGo-P3 in the offspring of alcoholics: evidence of cognitive and neural disinhibition as a risk for alcoholism. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:1049-61. [PMID: 15826845 PMCID: PMC3785104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2004] [Revised: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concept of disinhibition as a behavioral and biological trait has been considered to be involved in the etiology of alcoholism and its co-existing disorders. The magnitude and functional mapping of event-related potential P3(00) components were analyzed, in order to examine the possible response inhibition deficits in the offspring of alcoholics. METHODS The P3 components were compared between 50 offspring of alcoholics (OA) and a matched normal control group (NC) using a visual Go/NoGo task. The low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to analyze the functional brain mapping between groups. RESULTS The results indicated that the OA group manifested decreased P3 amplitude during the NoGo but not the Go condition compared to the NC group. The voxel-by-voxel analysis in LORETA showed group differences at several brain regions including prefrontal areas during the processing of NoGo but not Go signals. CONCLUSIONS The decreased NoGo-P3 suggests that cognitive and neural disinhibition in offspring of alcoholics may serve as a neurocognitive index for a phenotypic marker in the development of alcoholism and related disorders. SIGNIFICANCE Dysfunctional neural and response inhibition in the offspring of alcoholics perhaps provides an endophenotypic marker of risk for the development of alcoholism and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Dr. Bernice Porjesz, Department of Psychiatry, Box 1203, Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, U.S.A., Phone: +1 718 270 2024, Fax: +1 718 270 4081,
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Molholm S, Martinez A, Ritter W, Javitt DC, Foxe JJ. The Neural Circuitry of Pre-attentive Auditory Change-detection: An fMRI Study of Pitch and Duration Mismatch Negativity generators. Cereb Cortex 2004; 15:545-51. [PMID: 15342438 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhh155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies have revealed a pre-attentive change-detection system in the auditory modality. This system emits a signal termed the mismatch negativity (MMN) when any detectable change in a regular pattern of auditory stimulation occurs. The precise intracranial sources underlying MMN generation, and in particular whether these vary as a function of the acoustic feature that changes, is a matter of some debate. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that anatomically distinct networks of auditory cortices are activated as a function of the deviating acoustic feature--in this case, tone frequency and tone duration--strongly supporting the hypothesis that MMN generators in auditory cortex are feature dependent. We also detail regions of the frontal and parietal cortices activated by change-detection processes. These regions also show feature dependence and we hypothesize that they reflect recruitment of attention-switching mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Molholm
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia has traditionally targeted positive psychotic symptoms. An emerging view is that developing medications that improve cognition in schizophrenia patients is a major step forward in achieving better functional outcome. The cognitive deficits that are often observed in schizophrenia can be assessed using (1) neuropsychological tests; and (2) neurophysiological tests, the topic of this article. These neurophysiological measures cover a spectrum from automatic preattentional to attention-dependent processes. OBJECTIVES This article focuses on cognitive deficits that appear to be promising targets for a new "third generation" of medications that may be used to treat schizophrenia and other patients with specific deficits in cognition and functioning. We discuss the possible use of the following six measures of preattentional and attention-dependent cognitive deficits: mismatch negativity, P50 event-related potential suppression, prepulse inhibition of the startle response, P300 event-related potential, continuous performance task performance, and oculomotor antisaccade performance. CONCLUSIONS The use of preattentional and attention-dependent measures offer unique opportunities to improve our armamentarium of pharmacologic strategies for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. This review illustrates the usefulness of these measures as targets for existing and new antipsychotic medications that will potentially (1) characterize the cognitive deficits that occur in schizophrenia patients and (2) assess medication-related improvement on these measures and the potential associated improvement in functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Center, University of California, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8816, USA.
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Todd J, Michie PT, Jablensky AV. Association between reduced duration mismatch negativity (MMN) and raised temporal discrimination thresholds in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2003; 114:2061-70. [PMID: 14580604 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The event-related potential known as mismatch negativity (MMN) is elicited whenever the auditory system detects a change against an invariant background of stimulation. A reduction in mismatch negativity is well established in schizophrenia. The present study explored the association between reduced duration mismatch negativity in schizophrenia and behavioural measures of temporal discrimination. METHOD Mismatch negativity amplitude to duration increments (125 vs. 50 ms) was compared between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Mismatch negativity amplitude was also related to two behavioural measures of temporal discrimination (silent and filled intervals) for detecting changes in stimuli of similar duration. RESULTS Patients produced higher discrimination threshold estimates and smaller amplitude mismatch negativity responses to temporally deviant stimuli. Temporal discrimination thresholds correlated with the amplitude of the phase reversal in mismatch negativity at the left mastoid such that patients who produced the highest thresholds produced the smallest mismatch response. CONCLUSIONS Imprecise representations of the temporal properties of auditory stimuli can account for some of the reduction in mismatch negativity amplitude in some patients but additional factors clearly contribute. The results suggest that patients who do and do not exhibit temporal processing deficits on behavioural tasks produce different patterns of reduction in duration mismatch negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Todd
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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Rosburg T. Left hemispheric dipole locations of the neuromagnetic mismatch negativity to frequency, intensity and duration deviants. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2003; 16:83-90. [PMID: 12589892 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to differentiate the sources of neuromagnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) to deviants of different features. For this purpose, the MMNm of twenty-one healthy subjects (seven males) were recorded left-hemispherically. Subjects were stimulated monaurally in an oddball paradigm with standard tones of 1000 Hz and three different kinds of mismatch tones (frequency, duration and intensity deviants). Data analysis revealed mean MMNm dipole locations anterior, inferior and more medial than the N100m dipoles. The mean difference between the N100m and MMNm dipoles was in the range of up to 6 mm in one dimension. The dipole locations of all three kinds of deviants differed significantly from each other. The MMNm dipoles of both frequency and duration deviants were found to be significantly inferior to the corresponding source of intensity deviants, while the MMNm dipoles of duration and frequency deviants significantly differed in anterior-posterior direction. This differentiation between sources emphasizes the importance of feature analysis in MMN(m) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Philosophenweg 3, D-07743, Jena, Germany.
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Atienza M, Cantero JL, Dominguez-Marin E. Mismatch negativity (MMN): an objective measure of sensory memory and long-lasting memories during sleep. Int J Psychophysiol 2002; 46:215-25. [PMID: 12445949 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(02)00113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep, unlike wakefulness, facilitates the internal stimulus generation and hinders the processing of external stimulation. Nevertheless, evidence yielded by physiological studies in animals and event-related potential (ERP) studies in humans suggest that basic functions of the central auditory system are still preserved during sleep. This review is focused on the automatic change-detection function of the auditory system as revealed by a negative ERP component called mismatch negativity (MMN). MMN mainly originates in the auditory cortex, although it also receives an important contribution from subcortical areas (especially at thalamic level), as well as frontal areas. We discuss recent experiments supporting the use of MMN as an objective measure of sensory memory and long-lasting memories not only during wakefulness, but also during sleep. The outcome of the activation of MMN generating system during sleep highly differs from that in waking, especially when there is no previous information about the stimulus sequence in the neuronal network as a result of learning. We discuss these differences in MMN generation in terms of a dynamicist view of the brain that emphasizes the importance of the integration between bottom-up and top-down influences on sensory processing, independently of the processing level in the auditory hierarchy.
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