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Freiberger RN, López CAM, Sviercz FA, Cevallos C, Guano AD, Jarmoluk P, Quarleri J, Delpino MV. B. abortus Infection Promotes an Imbalance in the Adipocyte–Osteoblast Crosstalk Favoring Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5617. [PMID: 36982692 PMCID: PMC10054538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular injury is the most common presentation of active brucellosis in humans. Osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Since those osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, the predilection of MSC to differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts is a potential factor involved in bone loss. In addition, osteoblasts and adipocytes can be converted into each other according to the surrounding microenvironment. Here, we study the incumbency of B. abortus infection in the crosstalk between adipocytes and osteoblasts during differentiation from its precursors. Our results indicate that soluble mediators present in culture supernatants from B. abotus-infected adipocytes inhibit osteoblast mineral matrix deposition in a mechanism dependent on the presence of IL-6 with the concomitant reduction of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) transcription, but without altering organic matrix deposition and inducing nuclear receptor activator ligand kβ (RANKL) expression. Secondly, B. abortus-infected osteoblasts stimulate adipocyte differentiation with the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBP-β). We conclude that adipocyte–osteoblast crosstalk during B. abortus infection could modulate mutual differentiation from its precursor cells, contributing to bone resorption.
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Pugliese E, Sallent I, Ribeiro S, Trotier A, Korntner SH, Bayon Y, Zeugolis DI. Development of three-layer collagen scaffolds to spatially direct tissue-specific cell differentiation for enthesis repair. Mater Today Bio 2023. [PMID: 36969698 PMCID: PMC10034511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enthesis repair remains a challenging clinical indication. Herein, a three-layer scaffold composed of a tendon-like layer of collagen type I, a fibrocartilage-like layer of collagen type II and a bone-like layer of collagen type I and hydroxyapatite, was designed to recapitulate the matrix composition of the enthesis. To aid tenogenic and fibrochondrogenic differentiation, bioactive molecules were loaded in the tendon-like layer or the fibrocartilage-like layer and their effect was assessed in in vitro setting using human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells and in an ex vivo model. Seeded human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells infiltrated and homogeneously spread throughout the scaffold. As a response to the composition of the scaffold, cells differentiated in a localised manner towards the osteogenic lineage and, in combination with differentiation medium, towards the fibrocartilage lineage. Whilst functionalisation of the tendon-like layer did not improve tenogenic cell commitment within the time frame of this work, relevant fibrochondrogenic markers were detected in the fibrocartilage-like layer when scaffolds were functionalised with bone morphogenetic protein 2 or non-functionalised at all, in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Altogether, our data advocate the use of compartmentalised scaffolds for the repair and regeneration of interfacial tissues, such as enthesis.
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Nakamura M, Aoyama N, Yamaguchi S, Sasano Y. Expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K during osteoclast differentiation in developing mouse mandibles. Biomed Res 2021; 42:13-21. [PMID: 33563875 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that osteoclasts appear after or at the same time as the initiation of bone mineralization in developing intramembranous bones. We examined mineral deposition via Von Kossa staining to determine when bone mineralization begins, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and cathepsin K immunoreactivity to identify the presence of osteoclasts, and their mRNA expression levels to assess osteoclastic differentiation in the embryonic mouse mandible. Cathepsin K-immunopositive cells were detected around the same time as the onset of bone mineralization, whereas TRAP-positive cells appeared prior to bone mineralization. Cathepsin K protein was expressed only in multinucleated osteoclasts, whereas TRAP activity was identified in both mono- and multinucleated cells. During bone development, TRAP-positive cells altered their morphology, which was related to the number of their nuclei. The elevated mRNA levels of TRAP and cathepsin K were consistent with the increased percentage of multinucleated osteoclasts and the progression of bone development. Our study revealed that TRAP-positive cells appear prior to bone mineralization, and TRAP- and cathepsin K-positive multinucleated osteoclasts appear at the same time as the initiation of bone mineralization in embryonic mouse mandibles, suggesting that osteoclasts contribute to bone matrix maturation during intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nakamura
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Naoki Aoyama
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Agingand Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Sasano Y, Nakamura M, Henmi A, Okata H, Suzuki O, Kayaba A, Mayanagi M. Degradation of extracellular matrices propagates calcification during development and healing in bones and teeth. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:149-56. [PMID: 31400543 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone, dentin, and enamel are tissues formed through calcification, a process involving deposition of calcium phosphate minerals on extracellular organic matrices. Calcification, the underlying mechanism of which is unknown, is initiated with mineral deposition followed by advancing of the deposit and subsequent maturation of the mineral crystal. HIGHLIGHT We have reviewed the current knowledge of how calcification proceeds during bone development, bone healing, and enamel and dentin development, based on reported studies. Previous studies reported by us and by other authors have suggested that degradation of some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is involved in calcification during bone and dentin development and bone healing in a manner similar to that previously reported for enamel development. CONCLUSION The ECM proteins may inhibit mineral deposition and calcification, similar to the role of amelogenin during enamel development. The candidates for the amelogenin equivalents in bone and dentin have not been identified. Further studies are required to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of bone and dentin calcification in light of specific ECM proteins that prevent calcification and enzymes that degrade these ECM proteins.
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Menezes HHM, Naves MM, Costa HL, Barbosa TP, Ferreira JA, Magalhães D, Martinez EF. Effect of Surgical Installation of Dental Implants on Surface Topography and Its Influence on Osteoblast Proliferation. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:4089274. [PMID: 30416524 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface treatment alone does not determine the final microtopography of a dental implant, which can be influenced by implant design and the surgical procedure. This study investigated the effect of surgical placement of dental implants with same surface treatments on surface roughness. Three implants (SIN) of each group with different macrogeometries (Strong, Stylus, and Tryon) were analyzed using laser interferometry and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate surface topography. All threaded regions of the implants, namely, top, flank, and valley, were analyzed individually. Relevant surface parameters (Sa, Ssk, Sku, Str, and Sdq) were calculated for the different regions on each implant before (B) (n = 9) and after (A) (n = 9) placement into porcine rib bones. The behavior and proliferation of a preosteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 on titanium surface, cell viability, and osteopontin secretion were evaluated after 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h, also before (n = 18) and after (n = 18) implant placement into porcine ribs bone. As results, the valleys of all implants had an increase in Sa values after implant placement. By contrast, the tops of the Stylus A implant and the flanks of the Tryon A implant showed a significant decrease in mean height of the irregularities (Sa), 0.16 µm and 1.25 µm, respectively. The Stylus implant presented significantly (p < 0.05) higher asymmetry values on the distribution curve for irregularity heights (Sku) in all regions after insertion into bone (6.99 for tops, 9.54 for flanks, and 17.64 for valleys), indicating a greater preponderance of peaks over valleys. An increase in roughness gradients (Sdq) was observed for all macrogeometries after insertion into bone. The cell culture results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) for all macrogeometries after bone placement. In conclusion, a subtle change in implant surface roughness was detected after insertion into bone for all the macrogeometries, without significantly affecting the cellular parameters studied.
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Yang X, Li Y, Liu X, Huang Q, Zhang R, Feng Q. Incorporation of silica nanoparticles to PLGA electrospun fibers for osteogenic differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:229-238. [PMID: 30094062 PMCID: PMC6077779 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bone tissue engineering scaffolds still remains a challenging field, although various biomaterials have been developed for this purpose. Electrospinning is a promising approach to fabricate nanofibers with an interconnected porous structure, which can support cell adhesion, guide cell proliferation and regulate cell differentiation. The aim of this study is to fabricate composite fibers composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and silica nanoparticles (NPs) via electrospinning and investigate the effect of PLGA/SiO2 composite fibers on the cellular response of osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2 cells). SEM and EDX analysis showed that silica NPs were homogenously dispersed in the composite fibers. The mechanical behavior of the fibers showed that silica NPs acted as reinforcements at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/ml. The incorporation of silica NPs led to enhancement of cell attachment and spreading on PLGA/SiO2 composite fibers. SaOS-2 cells cultured on PLGA/SiO2 composite fibers exhibited increased alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion and bone nodules formation. The bone nodules formation of SaOS-2 cells increased along with the amount of incorporated silica NPs. The present findings indicate that PLGA/SiO2 composite fibers can stimulate osteogenic differentiation of SaOS-2 cells and may be a promising candidate scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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HENMI A, OKATA H, MIKAMI Y, SASANO Y. Calcification in rat developing mandibular bone demonstrated by whole mount staining, microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy . Biomed Res 2017; 38:277-284. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko HENMI
- Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduare School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroshi OKATA
- Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduare School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuto MIKAMI
- Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduare School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuyuki SASANO
- Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduare School of Dentistry
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Okata H, Nakamura M, Henmi A, Yamaguchi S, Mikami Y, Shimauchi H, Sasano Y. Calcification during bone healing in a standardised rat calvarial defect assessed by micro-CT and SEM-EDX. Oral Dis 2016; 21:74-82. [PMID: 25671229 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to investigate the process of calcification during bone healing in a standardized rat calvarial bone defect model, measured by bone mineral density and the concentrations and distributions of calcium, phosphorus and carbon in the bone matrix. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standard defect was made on the parietal bone of 12-week-old rats under anaesthesia. The rats were fixed in weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8,and the calvaria were resected and examined with microcomputed tomography, then frozen and sectioned for histology and analysed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Parietal bone of 12-week-old control rats was processed similarly. RESULTS The mineral density of healing bone increased with time. The healing bone became thicker and denser with time in histology. The distributions of Ca and P expanded over the bone matrix, whereas that of C became localised and complemented that of C and P. The Ca/P concentration ratio increased, whereas the C/Ca and C/P ratios decreased in the healing bone matrix. CONCLUSION Healing bone is immaturely calcified initially and proceeds calcification gradually, that is, as the bone volume increases, mineral increases in density and matures in quality, while organic components decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okata
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Liu Y, Lin Z, Guo J, Xu G, Li Y, Xu T, Lv H, Chen J, Wu G. Notoginsenoside R1 significantly promotes in vitro osteoblastogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:537-44. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cai R, Nakamoto T, Hoshiba T, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Matrices secreted during simultaneous osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells affect stem cells differentiation. Acta Biomater 2016; 35:185-93. [PMID: 26873367 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in regulating stem cell functions. The ECM dynamically changes during tissue development. It remains a great challenge to mimic the dynamically changing ECM. In this study, we prepared novel types of extracellular matrices that could mimic the dynamic variation of extracellular matrices, which were derived from simultaneous osteogenesis and adipogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Four ECMs simultaneously mimicking early osteogenesis and early adipogenesis (EOEA), early osteogenesis and late adipogenesis (EOLA), late osteogenesis and early adipogenesis (LOEA), late osteogenesis and late adipogenesis (LOLA) were prepared. The stepwise osteogenesis-co-adipogenesis-mimicking matrices had different compositions and different effects on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. The matrices could provide very useful tools to investigate the interaction between ECM and stem cells and the role of ECM on stem cell differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are dynamically remodeled to regulate stem cell functions during tissue development. Until now, mimicking the ECM variation during stem cell differentiation to single cell type has been reported. However, there is no report on simultaneous mimicking of stem cell differentiation to two types of cells. In this study, we prepared the mixture ECMs derived from simultaneous osteogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs at different stages and found that they could regulate stem cell differentiation. The concept is new and the ECMs are novel. No such ECMs have been reported previously. The matrices will provide very useful tools to investigate the interaction between ECM and stem cells and the role of ECM on stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamoto
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoshiba
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Frontier Center for Organic Materials, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawazoe
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guoping Chen
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
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Henmi A, Okata H, Anada T, Yoshinari M, Mikami Y, Suzuki O, Sasano Y. Bone matrix calcification during embryonic and postembryonic rat calvarial development assessed by SEM-EDX spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:41-50. [PMID: 25773047 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral is constituted of biological hydroxyapatite crystals. In developing bone, the mineral crystal matures and the Ca/P ratio increases. However, how an increase in the Ca/P ratio is involved in maturation of the crystal is not known. The relationships among organic components and mineral changes are also unclear. The study was designed to investigate the process of calcification during rat calvarial bone development. Calcification was evaluated by analyzing the atomic distribution and concentration of Ca, P, and C with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and changes in the crystal structure with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Histological analysis showed that rat calvarial bone formation started around embryonic day 16. The areas of Ca and P expanded, matching the region of the developing bone matrix, whereas the area of C became localized around bone. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analysis showed that the amorphous-like structure of the minerals at embryonic day 16 gradually transformed into poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite, whereas the proportion of mineral to protein increased until postnatal week 6. FTIR analysis also showed that crystallization of hydroxyapatite started around embryonic day 20, by which time SEM-EDX spectroscopy showed that the Ca/P ratio had increased and the C/Ca and C/P ratios had decreased significantly. The study suggests that the Ca/P molar ratio increases and the proportion of organic components such as proteins of the bone matrix decreases during the early stage of calcification, whereas crystal maturation continues throughout embryonic and postembryonic bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Henmi
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okata
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mariko Yoshinari
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuto Mikami
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Siddiqui S, Arshad M. Osteogenic potential of punica granatum through matrix mineralization, cell cycle progression and runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:72. [PMID: 25409708 PMCID: PMC4248434 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-014-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is one of the prevalent diseases in ageing populations. Due to side effects of many chemotherapeutic agents, there is always a need to search for herbal products to treat the disorder. Punica granatum (PG) represent a potent fruit-bearing medicinal herb which exerted valuable anti-osteoporotic activities. The present study was carried out to validate the in vitro osteogenic effects of the PG seed extract in primary calvarial osteoblast cultures harvested from neonatal rats. Methods The ethanolic extract of PG was subjected to evaluate cell proliferation, regeneration, mineralization and formation of collagen matrix using MTT, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin Red-S staining and Sirius Red dye, respectively. Cell cycle progression and osteogenic gene Runx2 expression were carried out by flow cytometry and real time PCR, respectively. Results Exposure of different concentrations (10–100 μg/ml) of the extract on osteoblastic cells showed characteristic morphological changes and increment in cell number. A significant growth in cell proliferation, ALP activity, collagen contents and matrix mineralization of osteoblasts in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05), suggested that PG has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or potential activity against osteoporosis. In addition, PG extract also enhanced DNA content in S phase of cell cycle and Runx2 gene expression level in osteoblasts. Conclusion The data clearly indicated that PG promoting bone cell proliferation and differentiation in primary osteoblasts might be due to elevating the osteogenic gene Runx2 expression. The present study provides an evidence for PG could be a promising herbal medicinal candidate that able to develop drugs for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Mohammad Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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Hoshiba T, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Mechanism of Regulation of PPARG Expression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Osteogenesis-Mimicking Extracellular Matrices. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:2099-104. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
There have been great efforts to develop cell culture systems using chemically-fixed cells or decellularized matrices to regulate stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Hoshiba
- Department of Biochemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa, Japan
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
| | - Guoping Chen
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Unit
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science
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Chatakun P, Núñez-Toldrà R, Díaz López EJ, Gil-Recio C, Martínez-Sarrà E, Hernández-Alfaro F, Ferrés-Padró E, Giner-Tarrida L, Atari M. The effect of five proteins on stem cells used for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation: a current review of the literature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:113-42. [PMID: 23568025 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone-tissue engineering is a therapeutic target in the field of dental implant and orthopedic surgery. It is therefore essential to find a microenvironment that enhances the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts both from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and those derived from dental pulp. The aim of this review is to determine the relationship among the proteins fibronectin (FN), osteopontin (OPN), tenascin (TN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) and their ability to coat different types of biomaterials and surfaces to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Pre-treatment of biomaterials with FN during the initial phase of osteogenic differentiation on all types of surfaces, including slotted titanium and polymers, provides an ideal microenvironment that enhances adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Likewise, in the second stage of differentiation, surface coating with BMP2 decreases the diameter and the pore size of the scaffold, causing better adhesion and reduced proliferation of BMP-MSCs. Coating oligomerization surfaces with OPN and BSP promotes cell adhesion, but it is clear that the polymeric coating material BSP alone is insufficient to induce priming of MSCs and functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. Finally, TN is involved in mineralization and can accelerate new bone formation in a multicellular environment but has no effect on the initial stage of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chatakun
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
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Scian R, Barrionuevo P, Fossati CA, Giambartolomei GH, Delpino MV. Brucella abortus invasion of osteoblasts inhibits bone formation. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2333-45. [PMID: 22547546 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00208-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common presentation of the active disease in humans. Loss of bone is a serious complication of localized bacterial infection of bones or the adjacent tissue, and brucellosis proved not to be the exception. The skeleton is a dynamic organ system which is constantly remodeled. Osteoblasts are responsible for the deposition of bone matrix and are thought to facilitate the calcification and mineralization of the bone matrix, and their function could be altered under infectious conditions. In this article, we describe immune mechanisms whereby Brucella abortus may invade and replicate within osteoblasts, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting mineral and organic matrix deposition, and inducing upregulation of RANKL expression. Additionally, all of these mechanisms contributed in different ways to bone loss. These processes implicate the activation of signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinases [MAPK] and caspases) involved in cytokine secretion, expression of activating molecules, and cell death of osteoblasts. In addition, considering the relevance of macrophages in intracellular Brucella survival and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in response to infection, we also investigated the role of these cells as modulators of osteoblast survival, differentiation, and function. We demonstrated that supernatants from B. abortus-infected macrophages may also mediate osteoblast apoptosis and inhibit osteoblast function in a process that is dependent on the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). These results indicate that B. abortus may directly and indirectly harm osteoblast function, contributing to the bone and joint destruction observed in patients with osteoarticular complications of brucellosis.
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Sasano Y, Nakamura M, Okata H, Henmi A, Mikami Y. Remodeling of extracellular matrices initiates and advances calcification during development and healing of bones and teeth. J Oral Biosci 2012; 54:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kimura Y, Kikunaga S, Takahashi I, Hatakeyama Y, Fukumoto S, Sasano Y. Characterization of the calcification process modeled in rat embryonic calvarial culture. Microscopy (Oxf) 2011; 60:345-352. [PMID: 21917848 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An organ culture system to model the physiological calcification process was designed using rat embryonic calvaria as a device for analyzing its mechanism. Standardized calvarial explants were dissected from rat embryos aged 18 and 20 days (E18 and E20) and cultured for 1, 3 and 5 days. The calcium content of the cultured explants was quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Equivalent explants were fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with von Kossa stain combined with hematoxylin-eosin or processed for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to determine the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and carbon in the tissue. The total calcium content increased significantly in E18 and E20 cultured calvaria (E18cc and E20cc) over 5 days of culture. All cultured calvaria were von Kossa-positive, whereas the staining was intensified, and sound osteoblasts and osteocytes were observed in the bone matrix only in E18cc during the 5-day culture period. Concentrations of calcium and carbon increased significantly in E18cc over 5 days, whereas E20 showed little increase. Physiological calcification proceeded in E18cc, but not in E20cc. These results indicate that the organ culture system using E18 calvaria is useful for modeling the physiological calcification process in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kimura
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Dumas V, Ducharne B, Perrier A, Fournier C, Guignandon A, Thomas M, Peyroche S, Guyomar D, Vico L, Rattner A. Extracellular matrix produced by osteoblasts cultured under low-magnitude, high-frequency stimulation is favourable to osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:351-64. [PMID: 20582583 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) mechanical stimulation on osteoblastic cells are poorly understood. We have developed a system that generates very small (15-40 με), high-frequency (400 Hz, sine) deformations on osteoblast cultures (MC3T3-E1). We investigated the effects of these LMHF stimulations mainly on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. The functional properties of this ECM after decellularization were evaluated on C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). LMHF stimulations were applied 20 min once daily for 1, 3, or 7 days in MC3T3-E1 culture (1, 3, or 7 dLMHF). Cell number and viability were not affected after 3 or 7 dLMHF. Osteoblast response to LMHF was assessed by an increase in nitric oxide secretion, alteration of the cytoskeleton, and focal contacts. mRNA expression for fibronectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and type I collagen in LMHF cultures were 1.8-, 1.6-, 1.5-, and 1.7-fold higher than controls, respectively (P < 0.05). In terms of protein, osteopontin levels were increased after 3 dLMHF and ECM organization was altered as shown by fibronectin topology after 7 dLMHF. After decellularization, 7 dLMHF-ECM or control ECM was reseeded with MSCs. Seven dLMHF-ECM improved early events such as cell attachment (2 h) and focal contact adhesion (6 h) and, later (16 h), modified MSC morphological parameters. After 5 days in multipotential medium, gene-expression changes indicated that 7 dLMHF-ECM promoted the expression of osteoblast markers at the expense of adipogenic marker. LMHF stimulations of osteoblasts are therefore efficient and sufficient to generate osteogenic matrix.
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20
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To WS, Midwood KS. Cryptic domains of tenascin-C differentially control fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:573-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hoshiba T, Kawazoe N, Tateishi T, Chen G. Development of stepwise osteogenesis-mimicking matrices for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell functions. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31164-73. [PMID: 19762920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.054676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular microenvironment, including an extracellular matrix (ECM), is an important factor in regulating stem cell differentiation. During tissue development, the ECM is dynamically remodeled to regulate stem cell functions. Here, we developed matrices mimicking ECM remodeling during the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The matrices were prepared from cultured MSCs controlled at different stages of osteogenesis and referred to as "stepwise osteogenesis-mimicking matrices." The matrices supported the adhesion and proliferation of MSCs and showed different effects on the osteogenesis of MSCs. On the matrices mimicking the early stage of osteogenesis (early stage matrices), the osteogenesis occurred more rapidly than did that on the matrices mimicking undifferentiated stem cells (stem cell matrices) and the late stage of osteogenesis (late stage matrices). RUNX2 was similarly expressed when MSCs were cultured on both the early stage and late stage matrices but decreased on the stem cell matrices. PPARG expression in the MSCs cultured on the late stage matrices was higher than for those cultured on the stem cell and early stage matrices. This increase of PPARG expression was caused by the suppression of the amount of beta-catenin and downstream signal transduction. These results demonstrate that the osteogenesis-mimicking matrices had different effects on the osteogenesis of MSCs, and the early stage matrices provided a favorable microenvironment for the osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hoshiba
- Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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22
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Kilian O, Dahse R, Alt V, Zardi L, Hentschel J, Schnettler R, Kosmehl H. mRNA expression and protein distribution of fibronectin splice variants and high-molecular weight tenascin-C in different phases of human fracture healing. Calcif Tissue Int 2008; 83:101-11. [PMID: 18663401 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a reparative physiological process, which proceeds in stages, each characterized by the predominant tissue in the fracture gap. The tissue matrix is continuously reorganized by cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and tenascin transmit information between matrix and cells. As a result of alternative splicing of pre-RNA, EDA + fibronectin, EDB + fibronectin, and high-molecular weight (hm) tenascin-C are generated. By definition, EDB + fibronectin is an oncofetal protein because it is extremely rare in normal adult tissue and plasma, whereas it is expressed in fetal and tumor tissues and during wound healing. In this study, we for the first time describe EDA + fibronectin, EDB + fibronectin, and hm tenascin-C expression in human fracture gap tissue during various stages of differentiation. We demonstrate mRNA expression of all three splice variants in the initial fibrin matrix with upregulation in the enchondral ossification/osteoid and woven bone stages. Of all variants, EDA + fibronectin mRNA has the highest concentration in all stages. For the analysis, we used LightCycler-based relative mRNA quantification and immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrate that EDA + fibronectin and hm tenascin-C show a diffuse distribution pattern in fracture gap connective tissue, while EDB + fibronectin is focally concentrated in osteoblastic cells at the margins of woven bone. EDA + fibronectin and hm tenascin represent markers for active granulation processes, whereas EDB + fibronectin is specific for cells forming the enchondral and osteoid matrix. The possibility of stimulating fracture healing by EDB + fibronectin-cytokine complexes should be tested in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kilian
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
Functionalized collagen that incorporates exogenous compounds may offer new and improved biomaterials applications, especially in drug-delivery, multifunctional implants, and tissue engineering. To that end, we developed a specific and reversible collagen modification technique utilizing associative chain interactions between synthetic collagen mimetic peptide (CMP) [(ProHypGly) chi; Hyp = hydroxyproline] and type I collagen. Here we show temperature-dependent collagen binding and subsequent release of a series of CMPs with varying chain lengths indicating a triple helical propensity driven binding mechanism. The binding took place when melted, single-strand CMPs were allowed to fold while in contact with reconstituted type I collagens. The binding affinity is highly specific to collagen as labeled CMP bound to nanometer scale periodic positions on type I collagen fibers and could be used to selectively image collagens in ex vivo human liver tissue. When heated to physiological temperature, bound CMPs discharged from the collagen at a sustained rate that correlated with CMP's triple helical propensity, suggesting that sustainability is mediated by dynamic collagen-CMP interactions. We also report on the spatially defined modification of collagen film with linear and multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-CMP conjugates; at 37 degrees C, these PEG-CMP conjugates exhibited temporary cell repelling activity lasting up to 9 days. These results demonstrate new opportunities for targeting pathologic collagens for diagnostic or therapeutic applications and for fabricating multifunctional collagen coatings and scaffolds that can temporally and spatially control the behavior of cells associated with the collagen matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Shirley Leong
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Xiao Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Seungju M. Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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Nakamura M, Sone S, Takahashi I, Mizoguchi I, Echigo S, Sasano Y. Expression of versican and ADAMTS1, 4, and 5 during bone development in the rat mandible and hind limb. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53:1553-62. [PMID: 15983115 PMCID: PMC3957545 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6669.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is achieved by both production and degradation of ECM molecules during bone development. ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs) constitutes a family of extracellular proteases which are implicated in cleaving the protein versican. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of versican and ADAMTS1, 4, and 5 mRNA during bone development in rat mandibles and hind limbs by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Versican was localized by immunohistochemistry. The process of bone development from day 14 postcoitum through week 6 postnatum was divided into the beginning of osteogenesis, woven bone, and lamellar bone stages. Versican protein was abundant in the woven bone matrix, but decreased in the lamellar bone matrix. Versican mRNA was prominent in some osteoblasts with corresponding localization of the cognate protein. The temporal and spatial mRNA expression pattern of ADAMTS1, 4, and 5 was comparable to that of versican. These results suggest that woven bone rich in versican alters into lamellar bone containing little versican during bone development in both mandibles and hind limbs, where some osteoblasts may be involved in production as well as degradation of versican by secreting ADAMTS1, 4, and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nakamura
- Division of Oral Surgery (MN,SE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration (MN,YS), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Sone
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry (SS), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (IT), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan (IM)
| | - Seishi Echigo
- Division of Oral Surgery (MN,SE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration (MN,YS), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Correspondence to: Yasuyuki Sasano, DDS, PhD, Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. E-mail:
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Abstract
Bone mineral contains hydroxyapatite (HA). This is the surface that mature osteoblasts and osteocytes interact with. Synthetic HA is widely used in orthopedic surgeries as an implant or implant coating. The bone-like HA surfaces increase implant union and bone formation; however, the mechanisms accounting for this effect on osteoblasts are not known. In this study, we compared gene expression profiles of osteoblasts responding to HA or plastic surfaces for 24 h. Expression profiles were also compared between HA discs processed with gravity-sieved compared with combined gravity and air-jet-sieved HA powders. The latter, composed of smaller HA particles, exhibits an increase in grain boundary surface area. Discs made with either HA powder similarly up-regulated osteoblast expression of 10 genes (including proliferin 3, Glvr-1, DMP-1, and tenascin C) and down-regulated 15 genes (such as osteoglycin) by more than 2-fold compared with plastic surfaces. The overall changes are indicative of an immediate (24-h) response to the HA surface and a trend toward osteoblast differentiation. In addition, subsets of modulated genes exist that are unique to each HA subtype. Taken together, we identified HA responsive genes evident within 24 h of surface contact, indicating a critical role for extracellular mineral surfaces in the regulation of osteoblast gene expression and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xie
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2201 Biomedical Physical Science Building, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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26
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Abstract
During osteogenesis, osteoblasts lay down osteoid and transform into osteocytes embedded in mineralized bone matrix. Despite the fact that osteocytes are the most abundant cellular component of bone, little is known about the process of osteoblast-to-osteocyte transformation. What is known is that osteoblasts undergo a number of changes during this transformation, yet retain their connections to preosteoblasts and osteocytes. This review explores the osteoblast-to-osteocyte transformation during intramembranous ossification from both morphological and molecular perspectives. We investigate how these data support five schemes that describe how an osteoblast could become entrapped in the bone matrix (in mammals) and suggest one of the five scenarios that best fits as a model. Those osteoblasts on the bone surface that are destined for burial and destined to become osteocytes slow down matrix production compared to neighbouring osteoblasts, which continue to produce bone matrix. That is, cells that continue to produce matrix actively bury cells producing less or no new bone matrix (passive burial). We summarize which morphological and molecular changes could be used as characters (or markers) to follow the transformation process.
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Hatori K, Sasano Y, Takahashi I, Kamakura S, Kagayama M, Sasaki K. Osteoblasts and osteocytes express MMP2 and -8 and TIMP1, -2, and -3 along with extracellular matrix molecules during appositional bone formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 277:262-71. [PMID: 15052653 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies suggested that a part of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are degraded and remodeled during embryonic bone formation. In contrast, little is known about ECM remodeling in postnatal appositional bone formation. The present study was designed to investigate expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) during experimentally initiated appositional bone formation in rats. Expressions of ECM molecules, MMPs, and TIMPs were examined using in situ hybridization. Osteoblasts and osteocytes expressed MMP2 and -8, TIMP1, -2, and -3, as well as type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in the course of the appositional bone formation, while they showed few transcripts of MMP13. The results indicated that while osteoblasts and osteocytes in the apposed bone produce ECM molecules, they degrade ECM molecules with MMPs and regulate the degradation by inhibiting the activity of MMPs using TIMPs. Osteoblasts and osteocytes may reorganize the ECM composition to mature the bone matrix in appositional bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Hatori
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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28
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Sasano Y, Zhu JX, Tsubota M, Takahashi I, Onodera K, Mizoguchi I, Kagayama M. Gene expression of MMP8 and MMP13 during embryonic development of bone and cartilage in the rat mandible and hind limb. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50:325-32. [PMID: 11850435 DOI: 10.1177/002215540205000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 8 and 13 comprise the collagenase subfamily in rats and mice, and only MMP13 has been implicated in degradation of the collagenous matrices during development of bone and cartilage. On the hypothesis that MMP8 is also involved in bone and cartilage development, the present study was designed to investigate gene expression of MMP8 in rat embryonic mandibles and hind limbs. Expression of MMP8 was examined with in situ hybridization and RT-PCR and was compared with that of MMP13. Osteoblastic and chondrocytic cells expressing collagenous matrix molecules were identified using in situ hybridization for collagen Types I and II. The results demonstrated that MMP8 is expressed by osteoblastic progenitors, differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes in the growth plate for the first time. Furthermore, the expression of MMP8 is much broader than that of MMP13, for which expression is confined to differentiated phenotypes of osteoblastic and chondrocytic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Sasano
- Division of Oral Molecular Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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