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Liu J, Tang W, Ye L, Miao G, Zeng M, Liu L. Estimating Efficacy of Conversion Therapy on Patients with Initially Unresectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases by using MRI: Development of a Predictive Score. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00255-1. [PMID: 38734578 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The conversion success rate (CSR) has crucial implication for clinical outcomes of initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) following conversion therapy. This study aimed to develop a simple predictive scoring model for identifying CSR according to baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, and confirm its performance and prognostic significance in a validation cohort. METHODS A total of 155 consecutive patients with initially unresectable CRLM were retrospectively reviewed in the study. A simple MRI-based predictive scoring model for identifying CSR was developed in the development cohort (n = 104) by using multivariable logistic regression analyzes. The diagnostic performance was evaluated for the predictive score. Thereafter, patients in the validation cohort (n = 51) were stratified into groups with predicted high CSR or low CSR according to the score. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between two groups using the log-rank test. RESULTS The predictive score of CSR, named mrNISE, incorporated the number of CRLM ≥ 10, the largest size ≥ 50 mm, poorly defined tumor-liver interface, and peritumoral enhancement. The AUC of the mrNISE score was 0.845 for the development cohort and 0.776 for the validation cohort. According to the score, patients with predicted high CSR had better PFS and OS than those with low CSR in both development and validation cohorts. CONCLUSION The predictive score demonstrated great performance for identifying CSR of initially unresectable CRLM. Stratifying patients by the score, personalized treatment goals can be formulated before conversion therapy to improve clinical prognosis and reduce adverse events caused by ineffective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lechi Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengyun Miao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Liheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.
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Kalil JA, Krzywon L, Zlotnik O, Perrier H, Petrillo SK, Chaudhury P, Schadde E, Metrakos P. Debulking Hepatectomy for Colorectal Liver Metastasis Conveys Survival Benefit. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1730. [PMID: 38730684 PMCID: PMC11083421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite advances in surgical technique and systemic chemotherapy, some patients with multifocal, bilobar colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remain unresectable. These patients may benefit from surgical debulking of liver tumors in combination with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone. (2) Methods: A retrospective study including patients evaluated for curative intent resection of CRLM was performed. Patients were divided into three groups: those who underwent liver resection with recurrence within 6 months (subtotal debulked, SD), those who had the first stage only of a two-stage hepatectomy (partially debulked, PD), and those never debulked (ND). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test were performed to assess the median survival of each group. (3) Results: 174 patients underwent liver resection, and 34 patients recurred within 6 months. Of the patients planned for two-stage hepatectomy, 35 underwent the first stage only. Thirty-two patients were never resected. Median survival of the SD, PD, and ND groups was 31 months, 31 months, and 19.5 months, respectively (p = 0.012); (4) Conclusions: Patients who underwent a debulking of CRLM demonstrated a survival benefit compared to patients who did not undergo any surgical resection. This study provides support for the evaluation of intentional debulking versus palliative chemotherapy alone in a randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Kalil
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (L.K.); (O.Z.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Lucyna Krzywon
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (L.K.); (O.Z.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Oran Zlotnik
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (L.K.); (O.Z.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Hugo Perrier
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (L.K.); (O.Z.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Stephanie K. Petrillo
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Prosanto Chaudhury
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (L.K.); (O.Z.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Erik Schadde
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Surgical Center in Zurich, Surgery Center St. Anna in Lucerne, Beausite Hospital in Berne, Hirslanden Corporation, Witteliker Str. 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 653 W Congress Pkwy 12, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (J.A.K.); (L.K.); (O.Z.); (H.P.); (P.C.)
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute—McGill University Health Center, 1001 Blvd Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
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Tian Y, Wang Y, Wen N, Wang S, Li B, Liu G. Prognostic factors associated with early recurrence following liver resection for colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:426. [PMID: 38584263 PMCID: PMC11000331 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common malignancy with the liver being the most common site of metastases. The recurrence rate of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after liver resection (LR) is notably high, with an estimated 40% of patients experiencing recurrence within 6 months. In this context, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize and evaluate the reliability of evidence pertaining to prognostic factors associated with early recurrence (ER) in CRLM following LR. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted from the inception of databases to July 14, 2023, to identify studies reporting prognostic factors associated with ER. The Quality in Prognostic Factor Studies (QUIPS) tool was employed to assess risk-of-bias for included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed on these prognostic factors, summarized by forest plots. The grading of evidence was based on sample size, heterogeneity, and Egger's P value. RESULTS The study included 24 investigations, comprising 12705 individuals, during an accrual period that extended from 2007 to 2023. In the evaluation of risk-of-bias, 22 studies were rated as low/moderate risk, while two studies were excluded because of high risk. Most of the studies used a postoperative interval of 6 months to define ER, with 30.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.1-36.4%) of the patients experiencing ER following LR. 21 studies were pooled for meta-analysis. High-quality evidence showed that poor differentiation of CRC, larger and bilobar-distributed liver metastases, major hepatectomy, positive surgical margins, and postoperative complications were associated with an elevated risk of ER. Additionally, moderate-quality evidence suggested that elevated levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199), lymph node metastases (LNM) of CRC, and a higher number of liver metastases were risk factors for ER. CONCLUSION This review has the potential to enhance the efficacy of surveillance strategies, refine prognostic assessments, and guide judicious treatment decisions for CRLM patients with high risk of ER. Additionally, it is essential to undertake well-designed prospective investigations to examine additional prognostic factors and develop salvage therapeutic approaches for ER of CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaoqun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ningyuan Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Mazzotta AD, Usdin N, Samer D, Tribillon E, Gayet B, Fuks D, Louvet C, Soubrane O. Debulking hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis: Analysis of risk factors for progression free survival. Surg Oncol 2024:102056. [PMID: 38531729 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study explores the role of liver debulking surgery in cases of unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), challenging the traditional notion that surgery is not a valid option in such scenarios. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with advanced but resectable disease who underwent surgery with a curative intent (Group I) and those with advanced incompletely resectable disease who underwent a "debulking" hepatectomy (Group II) were compared. RESULTS There was no difference in the intra-operative and post-operative results between the two groups. The 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 69% and 47% for group 1 vs 64% and 35% for group 2 respectively (p = 0.14). The 3-year and 5-year PFS rates were 32% and 21% for group 1 vs 12% and 8% for group 2 respectively (p = 0.009). Independent predictors of PFS in the debulking group were bilobar metastases (HR = 2.70; p = 0.02); the presence of extrahepatic metastasis (HR = 2.65, p = 0.03) and the presence of more than 9 metastases (HR = 2.37; p = 0.04). Iterative liver surgery for CRLM was a significant protective factor (HR = 0.34, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION An aggressive palliative surgical approach may offer a survival benefit for selected patients with unresectable CRLM, without increasing the morbidity. The decision for surgery should be made on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D Mazzotta
- Department of Digestive, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Nita Usdin
- Département d'oncologie Médicale, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Diab Samer
- Department of Digestive, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ecoline Tribillon
- Department of Digestive, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Brice Gayet
- Department of Digestive, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - David Fuks
- Department of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Louvet
- Département d'oncologie Médicale, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of Digestive, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42, Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
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Mils K, Lladó L, López-Domínguez J, Barrios O, Leiva D, Santos C, Serrano T, Ramos E. Have we improved postoperative and long-term outcomes of liver surgery for colorectal cancer metastasis? Analysis of 1736 hepatectomies performed over 3 decades in a single center. Cir Esp 2024:S2173-5077(24)00044-9. [PMID: 38346559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) and its indication and results have varied in the last 30 years. METHODS All patients operated on for CRLM in our centre from 1990 to 2021 were prospectively collected, establishing 3 subgroups based on the year of the first surgery: group A 1990-1999, group B 2000-2010, group C 2011-2021. Clinical characteristics and the results of survival, recurrence and prognostic factors were compared. RESULTS 1736 hepatectomies were included (Group A n = 208; Group B n = 770; Group C n = 758). Patients in group C had better survival at 5 and 10 years (A 40.5%/28.2%; B 45.9%/32.2%; C 51.6%/33.1%, p = 0.013), although there were no differences between groups in overall recurrence at 5 and 10 years (A 73%/75.7%; B 67.6%/69.2%, and C 63.9%/66%, p = 0.524), nor in liver recurrence (A 46.4%/48.2%; B 45.8%/48.2%; and C 44.4%/48.4%, p = 0.899). An improvement was observed in median survival after recurrence, being 19 months, 23 months, and 31 months (groups A, B and C respectively). Prognostic factors of long-term survival changed over the 3 study periods. The only ones that remained relevant in the last decade were the presence of >4 liver metastasis, extrahepatic disease at the time of hepatectomy, and intraoperative blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Survival after surgery for CRLM has improved significantly, although this cannot be explained by a reduction in overall and hepatic recurrence, but rather by an improvement in post-recurrence survival. Involvement of the resection margin has lost prognostic value in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Mils
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Biliar y Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain.
| | - Laura Lladó
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Biliar y Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Josefina López-Domínguez
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Biliar y Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Oriana Barrios
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Biliar y Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Cristina Santos
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Teresa Serrano
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Emilio Ramos
- Unidad de Cirugía Hepato-Biliar y Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Cataluña, Spain
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Line PD, Dueland S. Transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:23-29. [PMID: 37995153 PMCID: PMC10763714 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver transplantation has emerged as a possible treatment for selected patients with nonresectable colorectal liver metastasis, but controversy still exists regarding optimal selection criteria and acceptable outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Univariate analysis in the largest cohorts confirms that metachronous disease, Oslo score = 0-1, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) less than 70 cm 3 , and tumor burden score less than 9 are positive predictive factors for good overall survival outcomes. Some recent trials might suggest that technical resectability is not a valid exclusion criterion for patients with high tumor load and favorable prognostic scores in the transplant evaluation. Recent developments in circulation DNA technology and liquid biopsy may play a future role in the selection and monitoring of patients. SUMMARY Evaluation for transplant needs multidisciplinary involvement and should not be delayed until the failure of conventional oncological therapy. Larger data sets are needed to refine the selection criteria for liver transplantation in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål-Dag Line
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital
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Grut H, Line PD, Syversveen T, Dueland S. Metabolic Tumor Volume from 18F-FDG PET/CT in Combination with Radiologic Measurements to Predict Long-Term Survival Following Transplantation for Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 38201449 PMCID: PMC10777966 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to report on the ability of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of liver metastases from pre-transplant 18F-FDG PET/CT in combination with conventional radiological measurements from CT scans to predict long-term disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and survival after relapse (SAR) after liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases. The total liver MTV was obtained from the 18F-FDG PET/CT, and the size of the largest metastasis and the total number of metastases were obtained from the CT. DFS, OS, and SAR for patients with a low and high MTV, in combination with a low and high size, number, and tumor burden score, were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Patients with a low number of metastases and low MTV had a significantly longer OS than those with a high MTV, with a median survival of 151 vs. 26 months (p = 0.010). Patients with a high number of metastases and low MTV had significantly longer DFS, OS, and SAR than patients with a high MTV (p = 0.034, 0.006, and 0.026). The tumor burden score of group/zone 3, in combination with a low MTV, had a significantly improved DFS, OS, and SAR compared to those with a high MTV (p = 0.034, <0.001, and 0.006). Patients with a low MTV of liver metastases had a long DFS, OS, and SAR despite a high number of liver metastases and a high tumor burden score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Grut
- Department of Radiology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Syversveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Dueland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Conde-Moreno AJ, González-Del-Alba A, López-Campos F, López López C, Requejo OH, de Castro Carpeño J, Chicas-Sett R, de Paz Arias L, Montero-Luis Á, Pérez AR, Font EF, Arija JÁA. Unravelling oligometastatic disease from the perspective of radiation and medical oncology. Part II: prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:897-911. [PMID: 36525230 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligometastatic disease (OMD) defines a status of cancer that is intermediate between localized and widely spread metastatic disease, and can be treated with curative intent. While imaging diagnostic tools have considerably improved in recent years, unidentified micrometastases can still escape from current detection techniques allowing disease to progress. The variety of OMD scenarios are mainly defined by the number of metastases, the biological and molecular tumour profiles, and the timing of the development of metastases. Increasing knowledge has contributed to the earlier and improved detection of OMD, underlining the importance of an early disease control. Based on increasing detection rates of OMD in the current real clinical practice and the lack of standardized evidence-based guidelines to treat this cancer status, a board of experts from the Spanish Societies of Radiation Oncology (SEOR) and Medical Oncology (SEOM) organized a series of sessions to update the current state-of-the-art on OMD from a multidisciplinary perspective, and to discuss how results from clinical studies may translate into promising treatment options. This experts' review series summarizes what is known and what it is pending clarification in the context of OMD in the scenarios of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Breast Cancer (Part I), and Prostate Cancer and Colorectal Cancer (Part II), aiming to offer specialists a pragmatic framework that might contribute to the improved management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Conde-Moreno
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Carlos López López
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura de Paz Arias
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángel Montero-Luis
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
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Dumarco RB, Fonseca GM, Coelho FF, Jeismann VB, Makdissi FF, Kruger JAP, Nahas SC, Herman P. Multiple colorectal liver metastases resection can offer long-term survival: The concept of a chronic neoplastic disease. Surgery 2023; 173:983-990. [PMID: 36220666 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resection for colorectal liver metastases has evolved significantly and, currently, there are no limits to the number of resected nodules. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors after liver resection for patients with ≥4 colorectal liver metastases, emphasizing long-term survival. METHODS The study population consisted of 137 patients with ≥4 colorectal liver metastases out of a total of 597 patients with colorectal liver metastases who underwent curative intent liver resection from January 2010 to July 2019 in a single hepatobiliary center. RESULTS The probability of overall and disease-free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 90.8%, 64.5%, 40.6%, and 37.7%, 19.3%, 18.1%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis for overall survival, the size of the largest metastatic nodule was the only unfavorable factor (P = .001). For disease-free survival, complete pathological response was a favorable factor (P = .04), and the following were negative factors: number of nodules ≥7 (P = .034), radiofrequency ablation during surgery (P = .04), positive primary tumor lymph nodes (P = .034), R1 resection (P = .011), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen >20 ng/mL (P = .015). After the first and second years of follow-up, 59 patients (45.3%) and 45 patients (34.6%), respectively, were not receiving chemotherapy. After 5 years of follow-up, 21 (16.1%) multimetastatic patients were chemotherapy-free. CONCLUSION A significant number of patients with multiple colorectal liver metastases will present long-term survival and should not be denied surgery. The long-term survival rates, even in the presence of recurrence, characterize a chronic neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Blanco Dumarco
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Gilton Marques Fonseca
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil. https://twitter.com/medgilton
| | - Fabricio Ferreira Coelho
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Vagner Birk Jeismann
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil. https://twitter.com/vjeismann
| | - Fabio Ferrari Makdissi
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Jaime Arthur Pirolla Kruger
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Sergio Carlos Nahas
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil. https://twitter.com/SergioNahasDr
| | - Paulo Herman
- Liver Surgery Unit, Digestive Surgery Division, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Brazil.
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Su YM, Liu W, Yan XL, Wang LJ, Liu M, Wang HW, Jin KM, Bao Q, Wang K, Li J, Xu D, Xing BC. Five-year survival post hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in a real-world Chinese cohort: Recurrence patterns and prediction for potential cure. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9559-9569. [PMID: 36846977 PMCID: PMC10166917 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with a 5-year recurrence-free survival post liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) are considered to be potentially cured. However, there is a deficit of data on long-term follow-up and the recurrence status among these patients in the Chinese population. We analyzed real-world follow-up data of patients with CRLM who underwent hepatectomy, explored the recurrence patterns, and established a prediction model for a potential cure scenario. METHODS Patients who underwent radical hepatic resection for CRLM during 2000-2016, with actual follow-up data for at least 5 years, were enrolled. The observed survival rate was calculated and compared among the groups with different recurrence patterns. The predictive factors for 5-year non-recurrence were determined using logistic regression analysis; a recurrence-free survival model was developed to predict long-term survival. RESULTS A total of 433 patients were included, of whom 113 patients were found non-recurrence after 5 years follow-up, with a potential cure rate of 26.1%. Patients with late recurrence (>5 months) and lung relapse showed significantly superior survival. Repeated localized treatment significantly improved the long-term survival of patients with intrahepatic or extrahepatic recurrences. Multivariate analysis showed that RAS wild-type CRC, preoperative CEA <10 ng/ml, and liver metastases ≤3 were independent factors for a 5-year disease-free recurrence. A cure model was developed based on the above factors, achieving good performance in predicting long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS About one quarter patients with CRLM could achieve potential cure with non-recurrence at 5-year after surgery. The recurrence-free cure model could well distinguish the long-term survival, which would aid clinicians in determining the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Luan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Min Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Da Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Cai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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11
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Villard C, Abdelrafee A, Habib M, Ndegwa N, Jorns C, Sparrelid E, Allard MA, Adam R. Prediction of survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases- development and validation of a prognostic score model. Eur J Surg Oncol 2022; 48:2432-2439. [PMID: 35786533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic spread of colorectal cancer to the liver impacts prognosis. Advances in chemotherapy have resulted in increased resectability rates and thereby improved survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, criteria are needed to ensure that patients selected for hepatic resection benefit from the invasive therapy. The study aimed to construct a predictive model for overall survival (OS) in patients with CRLM, based on preoperatively available information. METHODS The retrospective cohort study reviewed all patients with CRLM discussed at multidisciplinary team conference at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2013-2018. Independent prognostic factors for OS were identified, based on which a score model was generated. The model was validated on patients treated for CRLM at Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France, 2007-2018. Calibration and discrimination methods were used for internal and external validation. RESULTS The Swedish development cohort included 1013 patients, the French validation cohort 391 patients. Poor OS was significantly associated with age>60years (hazard ratio (HR) 3.57 (95%CI 2.18-9.94)), number of CRLM (HR 4.59 (2.83-12.20)), diameter of largest CRLM>5 cm (HR 2.59 (1.74-5.03)), right-sided primary tumour (HR 2.98 (2.00-5.80)), extrahepatic disease (HR 4.14 (2.38-15.87)) and non-resectability (HR 0.77 (0.66-0.90)). The C-statistic for prediction of OS was .74, in the development cohort and 0.69 in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION The presented predictive score model can adequately predict OS for patients at the initial diagnosis of CRLM. The prognostic model could be of clinical value in the management of all patients with CRLM, by predicting individualized survival and thereby facilitating treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Villard
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ahmed Abdelrafee
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Miriam Habib
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Equipe Recherche « Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation » Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nelson Ndegwa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Jorns
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Sparrelid
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cancer, Division of Upper GI, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc-Antoine Allard
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Equipe Recherche « Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation » Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - René Adam
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Equipe Recherche « Chronothérapie, Cancers et Transplantation » Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Sakamoto K, Beppu T, Honda G, Kotake K, Yamamoto M, Takahashi K, Endo I, Hasegawa K, Itabashi M, Hashiguchi Y, Kotera Y, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi T, Natsume S, Tabuchi K, Kobayashi H, Yamaguchi K, Tani K, Morita S, Miyazaki M, Sugihara K. Comprehensive data of 4502 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis between 2015 and 2017, and prognostic data of 2427 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis in 2013 and 2014: Third report of a nationwide survey in Japan. J Hepato Biliary Pancreat 2022; 30:570-590. [DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Sakamoto
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic and Breast Surgery Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine Toon Ehime Japan
| | - Toru Beppu
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Yamaga City Medical Center Kumamoto Japan
| | - Goro Honda
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kotake
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Sano City Hospital Sano Tochigi Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Utsunomiya Memorial Hospital Utsunomiya Tochigi Japan
| | - Keiichi Takahashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Ohkubo Hospital Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery Division, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Michio Itabashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Teikyo University School of Medicine Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kotera
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa‐shi Chiba Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Soichiro Natsume
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Ken Tabuchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kobayashi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Teikyo University Hospital Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Chemotherapy Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Koto‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kimitaka Tani
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital Minato‐ku, Tokyo Japan
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ADAM R, ACCARDO C, ALLARD MA. Cytoreductive surgery for colorectal liver metastases: is it worthwhile? Minerva Surg 2022; 77:433-440. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.22.09669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wu Y, Mao A, Wang H, Fang G, Zhou J, He X, Cai S, Wang L. Association of Simultaneous vs Delayed Resection of Liver Metastasis With Complications and Survival Among Adults With Colorectal Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2231956. [PMID: 36121654 PMCID: PMC9486453 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Simultaneous or delayed resection of synchronous liver metastasis (SLM) with primary colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a controversial topic. OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcomes of simultaneous vs delayed resection in patients with resectable SLM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This comparative effectiveness research study included 1569 patients with resectable SLM who underwent curative-intent liver resection at 3 independent centers in China between January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed. Follow-up was completed on August 31, 2021, and the data were analyzed from April 1 to 30, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was the percentage of patients with at least 1 major complication within 60 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative complications, overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates. RESULTS Among the 1569 patients included, 1057 (67.4%) underwent delayed resection (719 men [68.0%] with a mean [SD] age of 57.4 [11.2] years), and 512 patients (310 men [60.5%] with a mean [SD] age of 57.1 [10.5] years) underwent simultaneous resection. Matching yielded 495 pairs of patients underwent simultaneous resection. The percentage of major perioperative complications did not differ between the simultaneous and delayed resection groups (34.1% vs 30.0%; P = .89). The OS rates were 65.2% at 3 years, 47.1% at 5 years, and 38.0% at 8 years for the delayed resection group and 78.0% at 3 years, 65.4% at 5 years, and 63.1% at 8 years for the simultaneous resection group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.85, P = .003). The CSS rates were 68.3% at 3 years, 48.5% at 5 years, and 37.1% at 8 years for the delayed resection group and 79.2% at 3 years, 67.2% at 5 years, and 65.9% at 8 years for the simultaneous resection group (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14-1.98; P = .004). On subgroup analysis comparing the 2 strategies according to the KRAS sequence variation status, the OS rates (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.45-2.18; P < .001) and CSS rates (HR, 1.62; 95 CI, 1.40-1.87; P = .003]) in the simultaneous resection group were significantly better than those in the delayed resection group in patients with KRAS wild-type tumors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that complication rates did not differ when CRC and SLM were resected simultaneously and that the survival benefits of simultaneous resection were restricted to patients with KRAS wild-type tumors. Integrating molecular features into the treatment decision is a basis for accurate, individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anrong Mao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojiu Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xigan He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gumbs AA, Croner R, Lorenz E, Cacciaguerra AB, Tsai TJ, Starker L, Flanagan J, Yu NJ, Chouillard E, Abu Hilal M. Survival Study: International Multicentric Minimally Invasive Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases (SIMMILR-2). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36077728 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Study: International Multicentric Minimally Invasive Liver Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases (SIMMILR-CRLM) was a propensity score matched (PSM) study that reported short-term outcomes of patients with CRLM who met the Milan criteria and underwent either open (OLR), laparoscopic (LLR) or robotic liver resection (RLR). This study, designated as SIMMILR-2, reports the long-term outcomes from that initial study, now referred to as SIMMILR-1. Methods: Data regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic (NC) and neoadjuvant biological (NB) treatments received were collected, and Kaplan−Meier curves reporting the 5-year overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) for OLR, LLR and RLR were created for patients who presented with synchronous lesions only, as there was insufficient follow-up for patients with metachronous lesions. Results: A total of 73% of patients received NC and 38% received NB in the OLR group compared to 70% and 28% in the LLR group, respectively (p = 0.5 and p = 0.08). A total of 82% of patients received NC and 40% received NB in the OLR group compared to 86% and 32% in the RLR group, respectively (p > 0.05). A total of 71% of patients received NC and 53% received NB in the LLR group compared to 71% and 47% in the RLR group, respectively (p > 0.05). OS at 5 years was 34.8% after OLR compared to 37.1% after LLR (p = 0.4), 34.3% after OLR compared to 46.9% after RLR (p = 0.4) and 30.3% after LLR compared to 46.9% after RLR (p = 0.9). RFS at 5 years was 12.1% after OLR compared to 20.7% after LLR (p = 0.6), 33.3% after OLR compared to 26.3% after RLR (p = 0.6) and 22.7% after LLR compared to 34.6% after RLR (p = 0.6). Conclusions: When comparing OLR, LLR and RLR, the OS and RFS were all similar after utilization of the Milan criteria and PSM. Biological agents tended to be utilized more in the OLR group when compared to the LLR group, suggesting that highly aggressive tumors are still managed through an open approach.
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Alexandrescu ST, Zarnescu NO, Diaconescu AS, Tomescu D, Droc G, Hrehoret D, Brasoveanu V, Popescu I. The Impact of Postoperative Complications on Survival after Simultaneous Resection of Colorectal Cancer and Liver Metastases. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081573. [PMID: 36011230 PMCID: PMC9408276 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of postoperative complications on the long-term outcomes of patients who had undergone simultaneous resection (SR) of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases (SCLMs). Methods: We conducted a single-institution survival cohort study in patients with SR, collecting clinical, pathological, and postoperative complication data. The impact of these variables on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was compared by log rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors. Results: Out of 243 patients, 122 (50.2%) developed postoperative complications: 54 (22.2%) major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade III–V), 86 (35.3%) septic complications, 59 (24.2%) hepatic complications. Median comprehensive complication index (CCI) was 8.70. Twelve (4.9%) patients died postoperatively. The 3- and 5-year OS and DFS rates were 60.7%, 39.5% and 28%, 21.5%, respectively. Neither overall postoperative complications nor major and septic complications or CCI had a significant impact on OS or DFS. Multivariate analysis identified the N2 stage as an independent prognostic of poor OS, while N2 stage and four or more SCLMs were independent predictors for poor DFS. Conclusion: N2 stage and four or more SCLMs impacted OS and/or DFS, while CCI, presence, type, or grade of postoperative complications had no significant impact on long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Tiberiu Alexandrescu
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Center for Digestive Disease and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Narcis Octavian Zarnescu
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Second Department of Surgery, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-592-483
| | - Andrei Sebastian Diaconescu
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Center for Digestive Disease and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Tomescu
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- 3rd Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Droc
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- 1st Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Hrehoret
- Department of Surgery, Center for Digestive Disease and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vladislav Brasoveanu
- Department of Surgery, Center for Digestive Disease and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, « Titu Maiorescu » University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery, Center for Digestive Disease and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, « Titu Maiorescu » University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
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Line PD. Liver transplantation for colorectal secondaries: on the way to validation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:329-36. [PMID: 36354259 DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver transplantation for nonresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) is an emerging field within transplant oncology. This review summarizes recent developments within this field. RECENT FINDINGS More stringent selection criteria can yield 5-year survival rates that are similar to conventional indications for liver transplantation. Response to chemotherapy, low carcinoembryonic antigen levels, limited tumor volume and stable disease with observation time exceeding 12 months are fundamental requirements in this context. Radiomic analysis of pre transplant PET/computed tomography scans to determine metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in the liver seems particularly promising with regards to prediction of a favorable tumor biology. MTV values below 70 cm3 are associated with excellent long-term survival after transplantation, whereas the MTV threshold for liver resection seem far smaller. Recent studies put into question whether technical nonresectability per se is a valid inclusion criterion for liver transplantation. In patients with high hepatic tumor burden, but otherwise favorable prognostic features as assessed by the Oslo score, liver transplantation could possibly give a clinically relevant survival benefit compared with liver resection. SUMMARY Liver transplantation is feasible treatment option in highly selected patients with nonresectable CRLMs. Robust and stringent selection criteria should be applied according to international consensus guidelines.
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Chen FL, Wang YY, Liu W, Xing BC. Prognostic factors in colorectal liver metastases patients with various tumor numbers treated by liver resection: a single-center, retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:237. [PMID: 35854361 PMCID: PMC9297581 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple liver metastases is considered a risk factor for overall survival of colorectal liver metastases patients (CRLM) after curative resection. However, whether the prognostic factors were constant in patients with various liver metastases (LM) numbers has not been adequately investigated. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the changing of prognostic factors on overall survival (OS) in CRLM patients with various LM after curative resection. METHODS Patients who underwent liver resection for CRLM between January 2000 and November 2020 were retrospectively studied. They were divided into three subgroups according to LM numbers by X-tile analysis. Multivariable analysis identified prognostic factors in each subgroup. Nomograms were built using different prognostic factors in three subgroups, respectively. Performance of the nomograms was assessed according to the concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. The abilities of different scoring systems predicting OS were compared by calculating the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS A total of 1095 patients were included. Multivariable analysis showed tumor number increasing was an independent risk factor. Patients were subsequently divided into 3 subgroups according to the number of LM by X-tile analysis, namely solitary (n = 375), 2-4 (n = 424), and ≥ 5 (n = 296). The 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 64.1% and 54.0% in solitary LM group, 58.1% and 41.7% in 2-4 LM group, and 50.9% and 32.0% in ≥ 5 LM group, respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, RAS mutation was the only constant independent risk factor in all subgroups. The nomograms were built to predict survival based on independent factors in three subgroups. The C-index for OS prediction was 0.707 (95% CI 0.686-0.728) in the solitary LM group, 0.695 (95% CI 0.675-0.715) in the 2-4 LM group, and 0.687 (95% CI 0.664-0.710) in the ≥ 5 LM group. The time-dependent AUC values of nomograms developed using different risk factors after stratifying patients by tumor number were higher than the traditional scoring systems without patient stratification. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic factors varied among CRLM patients with different LM numbers. RAS mutation was the only constant risk factor. Building prediction models based on different prognostic factors improve patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bao-Cai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Lin J, Sun H, Zhang W, Hong Z, Lu Z, Pan Z, Hou Z, Peng J. Conversion therapy with the intent to perform radical local treatment may not be suitable for patients with 10 or more liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4225-4235. [PMID: 35466587 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs) is usually considered a contradictory indicator to surgical resection. However, some patients with initially unresectable CRLMs can receive radical local treatment after conversion therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radical local treatment after conversion therapy and the prognosis of patients with more than 10 initially unresectable CRLMs. METHODS Data for a total of 229 patients with initially unresectable CRLMs were retrospectively reviewed between December 2012 and January 2020. Among these patients, 107 had ≥10 CRLMs, and 122 had <10 CRLMs. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used to reflect the prognosis of different groups of patients. Conversion therapy was defined as an initially unresectable liver metastasis converted into an R0 resectable lesion after systemic chemotherapy. Radical local treatment included hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RESULTS Patients with ≥10 CRLMs had a lower conversion rate (42.7% vs. 56.6%, p = 0.001). Baseline clinical N stage 1-2, ≥8 first-line chemotherapy courses, and stable disease (SD) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were independent factors predictive of conversion failure. Primary tumour location in the right colon, RECIST response of SD, and the absence of targeted therapy were independent factors predictive of unfavourable OS. The survival curves revealed that the OS of patients with or without conversion could be distinguished only among patients with <10 CRLMs (89.9% [95% CI, 82.5%-98.0%] vs. 58.9% [95% CI, 45.2%-76.7%], p < 0.001); this cut-off point could also distinguish patients with a successful conversion outcome according to OS (89.9% [95% CI, 82.5-98.0%] vs. 58.2% [95% CI, 42.2-80.4%], p = 0.008). CONCLUSION For CRLMs ≥ 10, patients with a successful conversion outcome cannot be distinguished from those without successful conversion outcome according to OS. Thus, conversion therapy with the intent to perform radical local treatment may not be suitable for patients with 10 or more liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlin Hou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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20
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Mishina T, Uehara K, Ogura A, Murata Y, Aiba T, Mizuno T, Yokoyama Y, Ebata T. Role of resection for extrahepatopulmonary metastases of colon cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:735-741. [PMID: 35393617 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although surgical resection for liver or lung metastases of colorectal cancer has been widely accepted, the use of this approach for extrahepatopulmonary metastases remains debatable due to the systemic nature of the disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the utility of resection along with perioperative chemotherapy for patients with extrahepatopulmonary metastases of colon cancer. METHODS This is a retrospective single-arm study at a single institution. Forty-two patients with resectable extrahepatopulmonary metastases who underwent metastasectomy with curative intent between 2009 and 2018 at Nagoya University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcomes measured were overall and relapse-free survival. RESULTS The most common metastatic site was the peritoneum (n = 31), followed by the distant lymph nodes (n = 10), ovary (n = 1) and spleen (n = 1), with overlaps. Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapies were administered to 22 and 8 patients, respectively; the remaining 14 patients received surgery alone. R0 resection was achieved in 36 patients (85.7%). The 5-year overall survival and 3-year relapse-free survival rates were 58.6% and 33.8%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, R1 resection was associated with a poor relapse-free survival rate (P = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, the absence of perioperative chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival rates (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection benefited selected patients with extrahepatopulmonary metastases with favorable long-term survival outcomes. Surgery alone without systemic chemotherapy is likely to bring poor outcome; therefore, preoperative induction might be promising to keep up with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Mishina
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kay Uehara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogura
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Murata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshisada Aiba
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Viganò L, Gentile D, Galvanin J, Corleone P, Costa G, Cimino M, Procopio F, Torzilli G. Very Early Recurrence After Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Impact. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:570-82. [PMID: 34508293 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver resection for colorectal metastases is affected by a non-negligible recurrence rate. The earlier the recurrence, the worse the prognosis. We analyzed an unexplored topic, i.e., the incidence, predictive factors, and prognostic impact of very early recurrence (≤ 3 months after hepatectomy). METHODS All consecutive liver resections for colorectal metastases performed between 2004 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were available recurrence status at 3 months after resection and follow-up ≥ 12 months. RESULTS Overall, 484 patients were analyzed; 56 (11.6%) had very early recurrence. Independent predictors were number of metastases (very early recurrence in 3.7% of patients with solitary metastasis, 8.1% of those with 2-9 metastases; 20.0% of those with 10-14 metastases; 44.4% of those with ≥ 15 metastases, p < 0.001) and extrahepatic disease (very early recurrence in 23.2% of patients with vs. 10.1% of those without extrahepatic disease, p = 0.017). Very early recurrence rate in patients with ≥ 15 metastases and simultaneous extrahepatic disease was 71.4%. Patients with very early recurrence had poor survival (5-year survival 17.3% vs. 44.5% of non-very early recurrence patients, p < 0.001), worse than patients with 3-to-6 months recurrence (p = 0.070), and no different from unresected patients (p = 0.114). Fifteen patients with very early recurrence (26.8%) underwent repeated treatment with adequate survival (at 3 years 42.2%), but seven had a further recurrence within 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Very early recurrence occurs in about 12% of patients undergoing aggressive surgery for colorectal metastases. The risk is increased in patients with numerous metastases or extrahepatic disease. Very early recurrence is associated with very poor prognosis, similar to that of unresected patients, and a low chance of effective repeated treatment.
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22
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Viganò L, Jayakody Arachchige VS, Fiz F. Is precision medicine for colorectal liver metastases still a utopia? New perspectives by modern biomarkers, radiomics, and artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:608-623. [PMID: 35317421 PMCID: PMC8900542 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i6.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer is still debated. Several therapeutic options and treatment strategies are available for an extremely heterogeneous clinical scenario. Adequate prediction of patients’ outcomes and of the effectiveness of chemotherapy and loco-regional treatments are crucial to reach a precision medicine approach. This has been an unmet need for a long time, but recent studies have opened new perspectives. New morphological biomarkers have been identified. The dynamic evaluation of the metastases across a time interval, with or without chemotherapy, provided a reliable assessment of the tumor biology. Genetics have been explored and, thanks to their strong association with prognosis, have the potential to drive treatment planning. The liver-tumor interface has been identified as one of the main determinants of tumor progression, and its components, in particular the immune infiltrate, are the focus of major research. Image mining and analyses provided new insights on tumor biology and are expected to have a relevant impact on clinical practice. Artificial intelligence is a further step forward. The present paper depicts the evolution of clinical decision-making for patients affected by colorectal liver metastases, facing modern biomarkers and innovative opportunities that will characterize the evolution of clinical research and practice in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Viganò
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, MI, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele 20072, MI, Italy
| | - Visala S Jayakody Arachchige
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, MI, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele 20072, MI, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiz
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, MI, Italy
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23
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Martin D, Maeder Y, Kobayashi K, Schneider M, Koerfer J, Melloul E, Halkic N, Hübner M, Demartines N, Becce F, Uldry E. Association between CT-Based Preoperative Sarcopenia and Outcomes in Patients That Underwent Liver Resections. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010261. [PMID: 35008425 PMCID: PMC8750804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cachexia often includes sarcopenia, which is characterized by a progressive, generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, combined with fatty infiltration into the muscle. Sarcopenia has been considered a patient-specific imaging biomarker for predicting outcomes after cancer surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative sarcopenia was associated with postoperative outcomes and survival in patients that underwent liver resections. Sarcopenia, assessed by preoperative CT imaging, was present in two-thirds of patients. Independent risk factors for sarcopenia were age, male sex, ASA score ≥ 3, and malignancies. Based on CT assessment alone, sarcopenia had no impact on clinical outcomes or overall survival after hepatectomy. Abstract This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative sarcopenia, assessed by CT imaging, was associated with postoperative clinical outcomes and overall survival in patients that underwent liver resections. Patients operated on between January 2014 and February 2020 were included. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on preoperative CT scans. Preoperative sarcopenia was defined based on pre-established SMI cut-off values. The outcomes were postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall survival. Among 355 patients, 212 (59.7%) had preoperative sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia were significantly older (63.5 years) and had significantly lower BMIs (23.9 kg/m2) than patients without sarcopenia (59.3 years, p < 0.01, and 27.7 kg/m2, p < 0.01, respectively). There was no difference in LOS (8 vs. 8 days, p = 0.75), and the major complication rates were comparable between the two groups (11.2% vs. 11.3%, p = 1.00). The median overall survival times were comparable between patients with sarcopenia and those without sarcopenia (15 vs. 16 months, p = 0.87). Based on CT assessment alone, preoperative sarcopenia appeared to have no impact on postoperative clinical outcomes or overall survival in patients that underwent liver resections. Future efforts should also consider muscle strength and physical performance, in addition to imaging, for preoperative risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martin
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
| | - Yaël Maeder
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (J.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Kosuke Kobayashi
- Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan;
| | - Michael Schneider
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
| | - Joachim Koerfer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (J.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
| | - Nermin Halkic
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
| | - Martin Hübner
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-24-00
| | - Fabio Becce
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Y.M.); (J.K.); (F.B.)
| | - Emilie Uldry
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.M.); (M.S.); (E.M.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (E.U.)
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Moehler M, Folprecht G, Heinemann V, Holch JW, Maderer A, Kasper S, Hegewisch-Becker S, Schröder J, Overkamp F, Kullmann F, Bechstein WO, Vöhringer M, Öllinger R, Lordick F, Geißler M, Schulz-Abelius A, Linz B, Bernhard H, Paul A, Schmidtmann I, Potthoff K, Schimanski CC. Survival after secondary liver resection in metastatic colorectal cancer: Comparing data of three prospective randomized European trials (LICC, CELIM, FIRE-3). Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1341-1349. [PMID: 34807464 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with liver-limited disease (LLD) have a chance of long-term survival and potential cure after hepatic metastasectomy. However, the appropriate postoperative treatment strategy is still controversial. The CELIM and FIRE-3 studies demonstrated that secondary hepatic resection significantly improved overall survival (OS). The objective of this analysis was to compare these favorable outcome data with recent results from the LICC trial investigating the antigen-specific cancer vaccine tecemotide (L-BLP25) as adjuvant therapy in mCRC patients with LLD after R0/R1 resection. Data from mCRC patients with LLD and secondary hepatic resection from each study were analyzed for efficacy outcomes based on patient characteristics, treatment and surveillance after surgery. In LICC, 40/121 (33%) patients, in CELIM 36/111 (32%) and in FIRE-3-LLD 29/133 (22%) patients were secondarily resected, respectively. Of those, 31 (77.5%) patients in LICC and all patients in CELIM were R0 resected. Median disease-free survival after resection was 8.9 months in LICC, 9.9 months in CELIM. Median OS in secondarily resected patients was 66.1 months in LICC, 53.9 months in CELIM and 56.2 months in FIRE-3-LLD. Median age was about 5 years less in LICC compared to CELIM and FIRE-3. Secondarily resected patients of LICC, CELIM and FIRE-3 showed an impressive median survival with a tendency for improved survival for patients in the LICC trial. A younger patient cohort but also more selective surgery, improved resection techniques, deep responses and a close surveillance program after surgery in the LICC trial may have had a positive impact on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Moehler
- Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gunnar Folprecht
- Medical Department, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medical Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Grosshadern, München, Germany
| | - Julian Walter Holch
- Department of Medical Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Grosshadern, München, Germany
| | - Annett Maderer
- Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanna Hegewisch-Becker
- Hematological and Oncological Practice Eppendorf (HOPE), Private Clinics for Oncology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schröder
- Private Clinics for Hematology and Oncology, Müllheim a.d.R., Germany
| | | | - Frank Kullmann
- Department of Medicine I, Nordoberpfalz Clinics AG, Weiden i.d.O., Germany
| | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital and Clinics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Vöhringer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Öllinger
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, and Infectious Diseases, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Armin Schulz-Abelius
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Altenburger Land GmbH, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Linz
- Private Clinics for Hematology and Oncology Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Helga Bernhard
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Municipal Hospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Paul
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Carl Christoph Schimanski
- Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology, Municipal Hospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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25
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Tonello M, Baratti D, Sammartino P, Di Giorgio A, Robella M, Sassaroli C, Framarini M, Valle M, Macrì A, Graziosi L, Coccolini F, Lippolis PV, Roberta G, Deraco M, Biacchi D, Santullo F, Vaira M, Di Lauro K, D'Acapito F, Carboni F, Giuffrè G, Donini A, Fugazzola P, Faviana P, Lorena S, Scapinello A, Del Bianco P, Sommariva A. Microsatellite and RAS/RAF Mutational Status as Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:3405-3417. [PMID: 34783946 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) leads to prolonged survival for selected patients with colorectal (CRC) peritoneal metastases (PM). This study aimed to analyze the prognostic role of micro-satellite (MS) status and RAS/RAF mutations for patients treated with CRS. METHODS Data were collected from 13 Italian centers with PM expertise within a collaborative group of the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology. Clinical and pathologic variables and KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutational and MS status were correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS The study enrolled 437 patients treated with CRS-HIPEC. The median OS was 42.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.4-51.2 months], and the median DFS was 13.6 months (95% CI, 12.3-14.9 months). The local (peritoneal) DFS was 20.5 months (95% CI, 16.4-24.6 months). In addition to the known clinical factors, KRAS mutations (p = 0.005), BRAF mutations (p = 0.01), and MS status (p = 0.04) were related to survival. The KRAS- and BRAF-mutated patients had a shorter survival than the wild-type (WT) patients (5-year OS, 29.4% and 26.8% vs 51.5%, respectively). The patients with micro-satellite instability (MSI) had a longer survival than the patients with micro-satellite stability (MSS) (5-year OS, 58.3% vs 36.7%). The MSI/WT patients had the best prognosis. The MSS/WT and MSI/mutated patients had similar survivals, whereas the MSS/mutated patients showed the worst prognosis (5-year OS, 70.6%, 48.1%, 23.4%; p = 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, OS was related to the Peritoneal Cancer Index [hazard ratio (HR), 1.05 per point], completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score (HR, 2.8), N status (HR, 1.6), signet-ring (HR, 2.4), MSI/WT (HR, 0.5), and MSS/WT-MSI/mutation (HR, 0.4). Similar results were obtained for DFS. CONCLUSION For patients affected by CRC-PM who are eligible for CRS, clinical and pathologic criteria need to be integrated with molecular features (KRAS/BRAF mutation). Micro-satellite status should be strongly considered because MSI confers a survival advantage over MSS, even for mutated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tonello
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Surgical Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Baratti
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Sammartino
- Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC Unit, Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Giorgio
- Surgical Unit of Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Robella
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Sassaroli
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, Fondazione Giovanni Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Framarini
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Mario Valle
- Peritoneal Malignancies Unit, INT "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Macrì
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Program, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigina Graziosi
- General and Emergency Surgery Department, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Coccolini
- General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.,General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Vincenzo Lippolis
- General and Peritoneal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital University Pisa (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Gelmini Roberta
- General and Oncological Surgery Unit, AOU of Modena University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marcello Deraco
- Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Biacchi
- Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC Unit, Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santullo
- Surgical Unit of Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Vaira
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Di Lauro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Acapito
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Fabio Carboni
- Peritoneal Malignancies Unit, INT "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Annibale Donini
- General and Emergency Surgery Department, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Fugazzola
- General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Pathological Anatomy III, Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital University Pisa (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Sorrentino Lorena
- General and Oncological Surgery Unit, AOU of Modena University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Paola Del Bianco
- Clinical Research Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Sommariva
- Unit of Surgical Oncology of the Esophagus and Digestive Tract, Surgical Oncology Department, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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26
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Liu M, Wang K, Wang Y, Bao Q, Wang H, Jin K, Liu W, Xing B. Short- and long-term outcomes of hepatectomy combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for patients with multiple primarily unresectable colorectal liver metastases: a propensity matching analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:1586-1594. [PMID: 33934959 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatectomy combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (IORFA) is a strategy to eliminate all tumors in patients with multiple colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study aimed to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of hepatectomy + IORFA for multiple unresectable CRLM. METHODS We included patients who underwent combined hepatectomy and IORFA for multiple unresectable CRLM (n = 67) or hepatectomy alone (n = 268) for CRLM. Patients were matched in a 1:1 propensity score analysis to compare the short- and long-term outcomes between groups. RESULTS Patients in hepatectomy + IORFA group had a median number of 10 liver lesions. Postoperative morbidity and the rate of major complications was similar between groups (P = 0.362, P = 1.000). The median overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and hepatic recurrence free survival (HRFS) was similar between groups (3-year OS: 54.2% versus 60.9%, P = 0.389; 3-year PFS: 7.9% versus 19.6%, P = 0.148; 3-year HRFS: 16.7% versus 31.5%, P = 0.202). Re-hepatectomy or radiofrequency ablation was used to treat 47.5% of hepatic recurrences, and the median OS was significantly higher than for patients treated with systemic treatment alone (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Combining hepatectomy and IORFA could provide comparable survival rates for patients with multiple unresectable CRLM compared to those with resectable CRLM treated with hepatectomy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Quan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Kemin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, China.
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27
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Lanari J, Hagness M, Sartori A, Rosso E, Gringeri E, Dueland S, Cillo U, Line PD. Liver transplantation versus liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis: a survival benefit analysis in patients stratified according to tumor burden score. Transpl Int 2021; 34:1722-1732. [PMID: 34448271 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) may provide excellent survival rates in patients with unresectable disease. High tumor load is a risk factor for recurrence and low overall survival (OS) after liver resection (LR). We tested the hypothesis that LT could offer better survival than LR in patients with high tumor load. LR performed at Padua University Hospital for CRLM was compared with LT for unresectable CRLM performed both at Oslo and Padua. High tumor load was defined as tumor burden score (TBS) ≥ 9, and inclusion criteria were as in the SECA-I transplant study. 184 patients were eligible: 128 LRs and 56 LTs. 5-year OS after LR and LT was 40.5% and 54.7% (P = 0.102). In the high TBS cohort, 5-year OS after LR and LT was 22.7% and 52.2% (P = 0.055). In patients with Oslo score ≤ 2 and TBS ≥ 9 (13 LR; 24 LT) the 5-year OS after LR and LT was 14.6% and 69.1% (P = 0.002). The corresponding disease-free survival (DFS) was 0% and 22.9% (P = 0.005). Selected CRLM patients with low Oslo score and high TBS could benefit from LT with survival outcomes that are far better than what is achieved by LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lanari
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Hagness
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandra Sartori
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rosso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Svein Dueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Experimental Transplantation and Malignancy Research Group, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo universitetssykehus Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Liu M, Xing B. Surgical decision-making: can patients benefit? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2021; 10:512-514. [PMID: 34430531 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-2021-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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29
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Finotti M, Vitale A, Gringeri E, D'Amico FE, Boetto R, Bertacco A, Lonardi S, Bergamo F, Feltracco P, Cillo U. Colon Rectal Liver Metastases: The Role of the Liver Transplantation in the Era of the Transplant Oncology and Precision Medicine. Front Surg 2021; 8:693387. [PMID: 34355016 PMCID: PMC8329096 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.693387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of liver metastases in colon rectal cancer has a strong impact on the overall survival (OS) of the patient, with a 5-year survival rate of 5% with palliative treatment. Surgical resection combined with pharmacological treatment can achieve a 5-year OS rate of 31–58%. However, in only 20% of patients with colon rectal liver metastases (CRLMs), liver resection is feasible. In highly selected patients, recent trials and studies proved that liver transplantation (LT) for non-resectable CRLM is a surgical option with an excellent long-term OS. The paper aims to review the indications and outcome of LT for CRLMs, with a special focus on immunosuppressive therapy and the management of local and extrahepatic recurrence after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Finotti
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Boetto
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertacco
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Unit of Oncology 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Feltracco
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- University of Padova, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
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30
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Giuliante F, Viganò L, De Rose AM, Mirza DF, Lapointe R, Kaiser G, Barroso E, Ferrero A, Isoniemi H, Lopez-Ben S, Popescu I, Ouellet JF, Hubert C, Regimbeau JM, Lin JK, Skipenko OG, Ardito F, Adam R. Liver-First Approach for Synchronous Colorectal Metastases: Analysis of 7360 Patients from the LiverMetSurvey Registry. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8198-8208. [PMID: 34212254 PMCID: PMC8590998 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The liver-first approach in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) has gained wide consensus but its role is still to be clarified. We aimed to elucidate the outcome of the liver-first approach and to identify patients who benefit at most from this approach. Methods Patients with synchronous CRLM included in the LiverMetSurvey registry between 2000 and 2017 were considered. Three strategies were analyzed, i.e. liver-first approach, colorectal resection followed by liver resection (primary-first), and simultaneous resection, and three groups of patients were analyzed, i.e. solitary metastasis, multiple unilobar CRLM, and multiple bilobar CRLM. In each group, patients from the three strategy groups were matched by propensity score analysis. Results Overall, 7360 patients were analyzed: 4415 primary-first, 552 liver-first, and 2393 simultaneous resections. Compared with the other groups, the liver-first group had more rectal tumors (58.0% vs. 31.2%) and higher hepatic tumor burden (more than three CRLMs: 34.8% vs. 24.0%; size > 50 mm: 35.6% vs. 22.8%; p < 0.001). In patients with solitary and multiple unilobar CRLM, survival was similar regardless of treatment strategy, whereas in patients with multiple bilobar metastases, the liver-first approach was an independent positive prognostic factor, both in unmatched patients (3-year survival 65.9% vs. primary-first 60.4%: hazard ratio [HR] 1.321, p = 0.031; vs. simultaneous resections 54.4%: HR 1.624, p < 0.001) and after propensity score matching (vs. primary-first: HR 1.667, p = 0.017; vs. simultaneous resections: HR 2.278, p = 0.003). Conclusion In patients with synchronous CRLM, the surgical strategy should be decided according to the hepatic tumor burden. In the presence of multiple bilobar CRLM, the liver-first approach is associated with longer survival than the alternative approaches and should be evaluated as standard. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1245/s10434-021-10220-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Giuliante
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Viganò
- Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, IRCCS - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino M De Rose
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Darius F Mirza
- HPB Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Réal Lapointe
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Service, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gernot Kaiser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eduardo Barroso
- HBP and Transplantation Centre, Curry Cabral Hospital, Lisbon Central Hospitals Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Ferrero
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, "Umberto I" Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santiago Lopez-Ben
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, IdlBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Catherine Hubert
- Department of HBP Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Regimbeau
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oleg G Skipenko
- Research Center of Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Ardito
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - René Adam
- Department of Surgery, Paul-Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, France
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31
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Hendlisz A, Sclafani F. Editorial: Radioembolization for metastatic colorectal cancer: towards maturity, at last? Curr Opin Oncol 2021; 33:351-352. [PMID: 33966002 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Hendlisz
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Dueland S, Syversveen T, Hagness M, Grut H, Line PD. Liver transplantation for advanced liver-only colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1402-1405. [PMID: 34117498 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation provided a 5-year overall survival rate of 100 per cent in patients with colorectal cancer who had undergone liver resection previously. Patients with extensive liver metastases (over 20 lesions) and a left-sided primary tumour had long survival, whereas those with an ascending colonic primary tumour had inferior survival after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dueland
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Experimental Transplantation and Malignancy Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Syversveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Hagness
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Grut
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - P-D Line
- Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Experimental Transplantation and Malignancy Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph C Quillin
- Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shimul A Shah
- Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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34
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Kelm M, Schollbach J, Anger F, Wiegering A, Klein I, Germer CT, Schlegel N, Kunzmann V, Löb S. Prognostic impact of additive chemotherapy after curative resection of metachronous colorectal liver metastasis: a single-centre retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:490. [PMID: 33941104 PMCID: PMC8091534 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A prognostic benefit of additive chemotherapy in patients following resection of metachronous colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains controversial. Therefore, the goal of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of perioperative chemotherapy on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients after curative resection of metachronous CRLM. Methods In a retrospective single-centre study, patients after curative resection of metachronous CRLM were included and analysed for DFS and OS with regard to the administration of additive chemotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to compare DFS and OS while Cox regression models were used to identify independent prognostic variables. Results Thirty-four of 75 patients were treated with additive 5-FU based chemotherapy. OS was significantly prolonged in this patient subgroup (62 vs 57 months; p = 0.032). Additive chemotherapy significantly improved 10-year survival rates (42% vs 0%, p = 0.023), but not 5-year survival (58% vs 42%, p = 0.24). Multivariate analysis identified additive chemotherapy (p = 0.016, HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23–0.86), more than five CRLM (p = 0.026, HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.16–10.32) and disease recurrence (0.009, HR 2.70, 95% CI 1.29–5.65) as independent risk factors for OS. Conclusion Additive chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS and 10-year survival in patients after curative resection of metachronous CRLM. Randomized clinical trials are needed in the future to identify optimal chemotherapy regimens for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kelm
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Schollbach
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Anger
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Kunzmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Löb
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Dueland S, Yaqub S, Syversveen T, Carling U, Hagness M, Brudvik KW, Line PD. Survival Outcomes After Portal Vein Embolization and Liver Resection Compared With Liver Transplant for Patients With Extensive Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:550-557. [PMID: 33787838 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Portal vein embolization (PVE) has been implemented in patients with extensive colorectal liver metastases to increase the number of patients able to undergo liver resection. Liver transplant could be an alternative in selected patients with extensive liver-only disease, and we have recently shown promising survival outcomes. Objective To compare overall survival (OS) among patients with colorectal cancer and high liver metastasis tumor load who were treated with liver transplant or with PVE and liver resection. Design, Setting, and Participants This comparative effectiveness research study assessed 50 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases who were previously enrolled in liver transplant studies between November 2006 and August 2019 at Oslo University Hospital in Norway. Those patients were compared with a retrospective cohort of 53 patients in the Oslo University Hospital PVE database from March 2006 through November 2015 with similar selection criteria who underwent PVE and liver resection. Main Outcomes and Measures The OS among patients with high tumor load after liver transplant was compared with that among patients with high tumor load who underwent PVE and liver resection. High tumor load was defined as 9 or more metastatic tumors or a diameter of 5.5 cm or longer for the largest liver lesion. Results In the PVE cohort of 53 patients, the median age was 61.8 years (range, 34.3-71.3 years), and 36 patients (68%) were men. The 5-year OS rate among 38 patients who underwent liver resection after PVE was 44.6%. The 5-year OS rate for patients with high tumor load was 33.4% for those who underwent liver transplant and 6.7% for those who underwent PVE. Among patients with high tumor load and left-sided primary tumors, the 5-year OS rate was 45.3% for those receiving a liver allograft and 12.5% for those treated with PVE and liver resection. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with nonresectable disease, an extensive liver tumor load, and left-sided primary tumors had long OS after liver transplant, exceeding the survival outcome for those patients treated with PVE and liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein Dueland
- Experimental Transplantation and Malignancy Research Group, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Syversveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik Carling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Hagness
- Experimental Transplantation and Malignancy Research Group, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Pål-Dag Line
- Experimental Transplantation and Malignancy Research Group, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Transplantation Surgery, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Isoniemi H, Uutela A, Nordin A, Lantto E, Kellokumpu I, Ovissi A, Kosunen J, Kallio R, Soveri LM, Salminen T, Ålgars A, Lamminmäki A, Halonen P, Ristamäki R, Räsänen J, Karjula H, Vaalavuo Y, Lavonius M, Osterlund P. Centralized repeated resectability assessment of patients with colorectal liver metastases during first-line treatment: prospective study. Br J Surg 2021; 108:817-825. [PMID: 33749772 PMCID: PMC10364914 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasectomy is probably underused in metastatic colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of centralized repeated assessment on resectability rate of liver metastases. METHODS The prospective RAXO study was a nationwide study in Finland. Patients with treatable metastatic colorectal cancer at any site were eligible. This planned substudy included patients with baseline liver metastases between 2012 and 2018. Resectability was reassessed by the multidisciplinary team at Helsinki tertiary referral centre upfront and twice during first-line systemic therapy. Outcomes were resectability rates, management changes, and survival. RESULTS Of 812 patients included, 301 (37.1 per cent) had liver-only metastases. Of these, tumours were categorized as upfront resectable in 161 (53.5 per cent), and became amenable to surgery during systemic treatment in 63 (20.9 per cent). Some 207 patients (68.7 per cent) eventually underwent liver resection or ablation. At baseline, a discrepancy in resectability between central and local judgement was noted for 102 patients (33.9 per cent). Median disease-free survival (DFS) after first resection was 20 months and overall survival (OS) 79 months. Median OS after diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer was 80, 32, and 21 months in R0-1 resection, R2/ablation, and non-resected groups, and 5-year OS rates were 68, 37, and 9 per cent, respectively. Liver and extrahepatic metastases were present in 511 patients. Of these, tumours in 72 patients (14.1 per cent) were categorized as upfront resectable, and 53 patients (10.4 per cent) became eligible for surgery. Eventually 110 patients (21.5 per cent) underwent liver resection or ablation. At baseline, a discrepancy between local and central resectability was noted for 116 patients (22.7 per cent). Median DFS from first resection was 7 months and median OS 55 months. Median OS after diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer was 79, 42, and 17 months in R0-1 resection, R2/ablation, and non-resected groups, with 5-year OS rates of 65, 39, and 2 per cent, respectively. CONCLUSION Repeated centralized resectability assessment in patients with colorectal liver metastases improved resection and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isoniemi
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Uutela
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Nordin
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Lantto
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - I Kellokumpu
- Department of Surgery, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Ovissi
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kosunen
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kallio
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - L M Soveri
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Hyvinkää Hospital and Home Care, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - T Salminen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Ålgars
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Lamminmäki
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Halonen
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Ristamäki
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Räsänen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Karjula
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Y Vaalavuo
- Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Lavonius
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - P Osterlund
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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De Raffele E, Mirarchi M, Cuicchi D, Lecce F, Casadei R, Ricci C, Selva S, Minni F. Simultaneous colorectal and parenchymal-sparing liver resection for advanced colorectal carcinoma with synchronous liver metastases: Between conventional and mini-invasive approaches. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6529-6555. [PMID: 33268945 PMCID: PMC7673966 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i42.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal timing of surgery in case of synchronous presentation of colorectal cancer and liver metastases is still under debate. Staged approach, with initial colorectal resection followed by liver resection (LR), or even the reverse, liver-first approach in specific situations, is traditionally preferred. Simultaneous resections, however, represent an appealing strategy, because may have perioperative risks comparable to staged resections in appropriately selected patients, while avoiding a second surgical procedure. In patients with larger or multiple synchronous presentation of colorectal cancer and liver metastases, simultaneous major hepatectomies may determine worse perioperative outcomes, so that parenchymal-sparing LR should represent the most appropriate option whenever feasible. Mini-invasive colorectal surgery has experienced rapid spread in the last decades, while laparoscopic LR has progressed much slower, and is usually reserved for limited tumours in favourable locations. Moreover, mini-invasive parenchymal-sparing LR is more complex, especially for larger or multiple tumours in difficult locations. It remains to be established if simultaneous resections are presently feasible with mini-invasive approaches or if we need further technological advances and surgical expertise, at least for more complex procedures. This review aims to critically analyze the current status and future perspectives of simultaneous resections, and the present role of the available mini-invasive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio De Raffele
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Digestive Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mirarchi
- Dipartimento Strutturale Chirurgico, Ospedale SS Antonio e Margherita, 15057 Tortona (AL), Italy
| | - Dajana Cuicchi
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Department of Digestive Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Lecce
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Department of Digestive Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casadei
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Saverio Selva
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Digestive Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Minni
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Accumulating evidence suggest that selected patients with nonresectable liver only metastases from colorectal cancer can be offered liver transplantation with acceptable outcome. This review provides an update on the scientific literature.
Recent Findings
The SECA-I study showed an estimated 5-year survival of 60% in a heterogenous patient population and guided the development of the first clinical selection criteria. In the sequel SECA-II trial, an estimated 5-year survival of 83% was obtained. A recent study shows that an Oslo score of 0–2, a metabolic tumor volume below 70 cm3 on PET-CT or Fong score of 0–2 at time of listing, can stratify patients with superior survival. Recurrence is common, but about 70% are slow-growing lung metastases, whereof the majority are resectable.
Summary
Liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis is an option in highly selected patients. Futile use of grafts can be avoided by applying stringent selection criteria.
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Schimanski CC, Kasper S, Hegewisch-Becker S, Schröder J, Overkamp F, Kullmann F, Bechstein WO, Vöhringer M, Öllinger R, Lordick F, Heinemann V, Geißler M, Schulz-Abelius A, Bernhard H, Schön MR, Greil R, Galle P, Lang H, Schmidtmann I, Moehler M. Adjuvant MUC vaccination with tecemotide after resection of colorectal liver metastases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter AIO phase II trial (LICC). Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1806680. [PMID: 32923171 PMCID: PMC7458621 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1806680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is a potential curative treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with liver-limited disease (LLD). Although long-term survival improved considerably within the last decades, high recurrence rates of 50-75% after resection remain a major challenge.Tecemotide (L-BLP25) is an antigen-specific cancer vaccine inducing immunity against mucin-1 (MUC1). The LICC trial aimed to improve survival in patients with mCRC after R0/R1 resection of CRLM. LICC was a binational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 2 study including patients with R0/R1 resected CRLM without evidence of metastatic disease outside the liver. Co-primary endpoints were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, secondary endpoints were RFS and OS in subgroups with different MUC1 expression and safety. In total, 121 patients were 2:1 randomized between Oct 2011 and Dec 2014to receive tecemotide (N=79) or placebo (N=42). Baseline characteristics were well balanced. Median RFS was 6.1 months (95% CI 4.5-8.9) and 11.4 months (95% CI 3.7-21.2) (P = .1754), 3-year OS rate 69.1% and 79.1%, median OS 62.8 months and not reached in the tecemotide vs. placebo arm (P = .2141), respectively. Cox regression models revealed no dependence of RFS or OS on MUC1 expression. The most common tecemotide-related grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea, injection site reaction, intestinal perforation, peritonitis and tinnitus (1.3% each). The LICC trial failed to meet its primary endpoints of significantly improving RFS and OS with tecemotide. However, both arms showed unexpectedly long OS. MUC1 expression was not associated with outcome. EudraCT No: 2011–000218-20 Clinical Trial Information: NCT01462513 Financial Support: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Abbreviations: AE: adverse event; CP: cyclophosphamide; CRC: colorectal cancer; CT: computed tomography; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FU: follow-up; HR: hazard ratio; IHC: immunohistochemical staining; ITT: intention-to-treat; DSMB: Data Safety Monitoring Board; LLD: liver-limited disease; mCRC: metastatic colorectal cancer; MPLA: monophosphoryl lipid; AMRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MUC1: mucin 1; NA: not applicable; NCI-CTCAE: National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; NS: normal saline; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung carcinoma; OS: overall surviva; lPP: per protocol; RAS: Rat sarcoma; RFS: recurrence-free survival; TEAE: treatment-emergent adverse event; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control; US: ultrasound; vs.: versus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Christoph Schimanski
- Medical Department 1, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanna Hegewisch-Becker
- Hematological and Oncological Practice Eppendorf (HOPE), Practice for Oncology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schröder
- Practice for Hematology and Oncology, Müllheim a.d.R., Germany
| | | | - Frank Kullmann
- Department of Medicine I, Nordoberpfalz Clinics AG, Weiden i.d.O, Germany
| | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Frankfurt University Hospital and Clinics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Vöhringer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Öllinger
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medical Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Geißler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology/Hematology, Gastroenterology, Hospital Esslingen GmbH, Esslingen, Germany
| | - Armin Schulz-Abelius
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Altenburger Land GmbH, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Helga Bernhard
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael R Schön
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Municipal Hospital Karlsruhe gGmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-CCCIT, Cancer Cluster, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Galle
- Medical Department 1, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Moehler
- Medical Department 1, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Nieuwenhuizen S, Puijk RS, van den Bemd B, Aldrighetti L, Arntz M, van den Boezem PB, Bruynzeel AME, Burgmans MC, de Cobelli F, Coolsen MME, Dejong CHC, Derks S, Diederik A, van Duijvendijk P, Eker HH, Engelsman AF, Erdmann JI, Fütterer JJ, Geboers B, Groot G, Haasbeek CJA, Janssen JJ, de Jong KP, Kater GM, Kazemier G, Kruimer JWH, Leclercq WKG, van der Leij C, Manusama ER, Meier MAJ, van der Meijs BB, Melenhorst MCAM, Nielsen K, Nijkamp MW, Potters FH, Prevoo W, Rietema FJ, Ruarus AH, Ruiter SJS, Schouten EAC, Serafino GP, Sietses C, Swijnenburg RJ, Timmer FEF, Versteeg KS, Vink T, de Vries JJJ, de Wilt JHW, Zonderhuis BM, Scheffer HJ, van den Tol PMP, Meijerink MR. Resectability and Ablatability Criteria for the Treatment of Liver Only Colorectal Metastases: Multidisciplinary Consensus Document from the COLLISION Trial Group. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12. [PMID: 32635230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The guidelines for metastatic colorectal cancer crudely state that the best local treatment should be selected from a ‘toolbox’ of techniques according to patient- and treatment-related factors. We created an interdisciplinary, consensus-based algorithm with specific resectability and ablatability criteria for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). To pursue consensus, members of the multidisciplinary COLLISION and COLDFIRE trial expert panel employed the RAND appropriateness method (RAM). Statements regarding patient, disease, tumor and treatment characteristics were categorized as appropriate, equipoise or inappropriate. Patients with ECOG≤2, ASA≤3 and Charlson comorbidity index ≤8 should be considered fit for curative-intent local therapy. When easily resectable and/or ablatable (stage IVa), (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy is not indicated. When requiring major hepatectomy (stage IVb), neo-adjuvant systemic therapy is appropriate for early metachronous disease and to reduce procedural risk. To downstage patients (stage IVc), downsizing induction systemic therapy and/or future remnant augmentation is advised. Disease can only be deemed permanently unsuitable for local therapy if downstaging failed (stage IVd). Liver resection remains the gold standard. Thermal ablation is reserved for unresectable CRLM, deep-seated resectable CRLM and can be considered when patients are in poor health. Irreversible electroporation and stereotactic body radiotherapy can be considered for unresectable perihilar and perivascular CRLM 0-5cm. This consensus document provides per-patient and per-tumor resectability and ablatability criteria for the treatment of CRLM. These criteria are intended to aid tumor board discussions, improve consistency when designing prospective trials and advance intersociety communications. Areas where consensus is lacking warrant future comparative studies.
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Adam R, Kitano Y, Abdelrafee A, Allard MA, Baba H. Debulking surgery for colorectal liver metastases: Foolish or chance? Surg Oncol 2020; 33:266-269. [PMID: 32561091 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Even with the recent advances of surgical techniques and systemic therapies, we are often facing patients with multinodular bilateral disease for whom neither R0 nor R1 resection appears possible to perform. For such extensive cases, the tumor debulking approaches might provide a survival benefit, provided that an objective tumor response is obtained with chemotherapy. Here, we review all the arguments which may defend this strategy and propose some recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Adam
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm U 935, Villejuif, France.
| | - Yuki Kitano
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm U 935, Villejuif, France; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ahmed Abdelrafee
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm U 935, Villejuif, France; Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Marc-Antoine Allard
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Université Paris Saclay, Inserm U 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Watanabe A, Harimoto N, Yokobori T, Araki K, Kubo N, Igarashi T, Tsukagoshi M, Ishii N, Yamanaka T, Handa T, Oyama T, Higuchi T, Shirabe K. FDG-PET reflects tumor viability on SUV in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:322-329. [PMID: 31612350 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver resection is the most effective procedure for colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM); however, early recurrence is an important problem that affects the postoperative prognoses of patients with CRLM. We previously suggested a therapeutic algorithm for CRLM using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and revealed the applicability of FDG-PET in predicting the prognosis after liver resection of CRLM. In this study, we assessed the correlation between FDG-PET and biological viability such as proliferation or metabolic activity. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 61 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM. We assessed hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and Ki-67 expression via immunohistochemistry and evaluated the correlation between standardized uptake value (SUV) and these factors. RESULTS High HIF-1α, PKM2, and GLUT1 expression were positively correlated with high SUV expression (P = 0.0444, 0.0296, and 0.0245, respectively). Ki-67 and SUV were also positively correlated (P = 0.00164). HIF-1α expression and PKM2 expression were significantly correlated (P = 0.0430), and PKM2 expression and GLUT1 expression were extremely significantly correlated (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION SUV reflected tumor proliferation or metabolic factors in CRLM. FDG-PET could be a useful modality for assessing tumor viability and may provide useful information regarding the appropriate treatment strategy for CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Handa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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Rachdi H, Labidi S, Mejri N, Benna HE, Daoud N, Bayar R, Marghli A, Khalfallah M, Boussen H. Local treatment of liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer: a multicenter Tunisian study. Colorectal Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Surgical treatment of hepatic or pulmonary metastases is the optimal therapeutic goal in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Our retrospective study concerned 70 patients treated for CRC, collected from 2003 to 2015, presenting liver metastases (LM) in 61 cases and pulmonary metastases (PM) in nine cases, treated by surgery for their distant disease. We collected and compared their epidemiologic, anatomoclinical parameters and analyzed several prognostic factors. Results: Metastases were multiple (≥ 4) in 9/61 LM and in 5/9 PM. Patients had synchronous metastases in 32 cases (30 LM/2 PM) and metachronous metastases in 33 cases (32 LM and 11 PM). Surgery for LM consisted of metastasectomy (49/61), segmentectomy (5/61) and hepatectomy for the remaining seven patients; ten patients had also subsequent liver radiofrequency. LM were treated by wedge resection in 6/9 and lobectomy in two cases, radiofrequency was performed in five cases. 56/61 (80%) patients received chemotherapy, mostly FOLFOX protocol as the first-line treatment and targeted therapy in 55% of cases. For the overall population, median OS and PFS were, respectively, 44 and 32 months. We did not observe any significant difference in terms of OS (p = 0.659) and PFS (p = 0.318) between resected LM or/and PM. A better survival was found when there was disease-free interval between the occurrence of the primary and the metastases exceeded 18 months and in patients with less than four metastases. Conclusion: Resection of metastatic disease mostly in liver and lungs improves survival of patients with CRC. The patients with longer disease-free interval and less than four metastases had the best outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Rachdi
- Medical Oncology Department (SOMA), Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Labidi
- Medical Oncology Department (SOMA), Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Mejri
- Medical Oncology Department (SOMA), Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Houda El Benna
- Medical Oncology Department (SOMA), Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Daoud
- Medical Oncology Department (SOMA), Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Rached Bayar
- Hepatobiliary Surgical Department, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Adel Marghli
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | | | - Hamouda Boussen
- Medical Oncology Department (SOMA), Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
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Lee RM, Cardona K, Russell MC. Historical perspective: Two decades of progress in treating metastatic colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2019; 119:549-563. [PMID: 30806493 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. While screening methods strive to improve rates of early stage detection, 25% of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, with the most common sites being the liver, lung, and peritoneum. While once perceived as hopeless, the last two decades have seen substantial strides in the medical, surgical, and regional therapies to treat metastatic disease offering significant improvements in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth Cardona
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maria C Russell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) represent most of the causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer. Surgical resection is the only treatment that can provide the possibility of prolonged survival, or even cure, for patients with CRLM. Over the last few decades, survival of these patients has improved dramatically thanks to more effective chemotherapy, extension of surgical indications, and development of new surgical procedures. In particular, patients with initially unresectable CRLM can achieve downsizing of the tumor by using various chemotherapies and the tumor can become resectable. It has been shown that such patients have a 33% 5‐year survival and a 23% 10‐year survival rate after surgery, which is a little bit lower than that of patents with resectable CRLM but significantly higher than patients without surgery. However, a decision‐making strategy for patients with CRLM is difficult because there is a wide variety of treatments and no definitive consensus. As an example, much variation among institutions exists on the resectability rate in patients with unresectable CRLM. Also, it is recommended that all patients with CRLM be managed by a multidisciplinary approach (MDA) to select the best strategy. In the future, new treatment procedures (e.g. immune checkpoint blockade, liver transplantation) may contribute to improve prognosis; hence, the necessity for MDA for the treatment of CRLM will further increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Adam
- AP-HP Paul Brousse Hospital, Hepato-Biliary Center Paris Sud University Inserm U 935 Villejuif France
| | - Yuki Kitano
- AP-HP Paul Brousse Hospital, Hepato-Biliary Center Paris Sud University Inserm U 935 Villejuif France.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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Simons M, Bolhuis T, De Haan AF, Bruggink AH, Bulten J, Massuger LF, Nagtegaal ID. A novel algorithm for better distinction of primary mucinous ovarian carcinomas and mucinous carcinomas metastatic to the ovary. Virchows Arch 2019; 474:289-296. [PMID: 30631934 PMCID: PMC6515884 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC) are notoriously difficult to distinguish from mucinous carcinomas metastatic to the ovary (mMC). Studies performed on small cohorts reported algorithms based on tumor size and laterality to aid in distinguishing MOC from mMC. We evaluated and improved these by performing a large-scale, nationwide search in the Dutch Pathology Registry. All registered pathology reports fulfilling our search criteria concerning MOC in the Netherlands from 2000 to 2011 were collected. Age, histology, laterality, and size were extracted. An existing database covering the same timeline containing tumors metastatic to the ovary was used, extracting all mMC, age, size, laterality, and primary tumor location. Existing algorithms were applied to our cohort. Subsequently, an algorithm based on tumor histology, laterality, and a nomogram based on age and size was created for differentiating MOC and mMC. We identified 735 MOC and 1018 mMC. Patients with MOC were significantly younger and MOC were significantly larger and more often unilateral than mMC. Signet ring cell carcinomas were rarely primary. Our algorithm used signet ring cell histology, bilaterality, and a nomogram integrating patient age and tumor size to diagnose mMC. Sensitivity and specificity for mMC was 90.1% and 59.0%, respectively. Applying existing algorithms on our cohort yielded a far lower sensitivity. The algorithm described here using tumor histology, laterality, size, and patient age has higher sensitivity but lower specificity compared to earlier algorithms and aids in indicating tumor origin, but for conclusive diagnosis, careful integration of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and clinical and imaging data is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Simons
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Bolhuis
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anton F De Haan
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Annette H Bruggink
- PALGA, The Nationwide Network and Registry of Histo- and Cytopathology in the Netherlands, 3995, GA, Houten, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bulten
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525, GA, The Netherlands
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Xu F, Tang B, Jin TQ, Dai CL. Current status of surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:716-734. [PMID: 30510936 PMCID: PMC6264988 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i14.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis (LM) is one of the major causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Approximately 60% of CRC patients develop LM during the course of their illness. About 85% of these patients have unresectable disease at the time of presentation. Surgical resection is currently the only curative treatment for patients with colorectal LM (CRLM). In recent years, with the help of modern multimodality therapy including systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, the outcomes of CRLM treatment have significantly improved. This article summarizes the current status of surgical treatment of CRLM including evaluation of resectability, treatment for resectable LM, conversion therapy and liver transplantation for unresectable cases, liver resection for recurrent CRLM and elderly patients, and surgery for concomitant hepatic and extra-hepatic metastatic disease (EHMD). We believe that with the help of modern multimodality therapy, an aggressive oncosurgical approach should be implemented as it has the possibility of achieving a cure, even when EHMD is present in patients with CRLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao-Liu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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De Raffele E, Mirarchi M, Cuicchi D, Lecce F, Ricci C, Casadei R, Cola B, Minni F. Simultaneous curative resection of double colorectal carcinoma with synchronous bilobar liver metastases. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:293-316. [PMID: 30364774 PMCID: PMC6198303 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i10.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SCRC) indicates more than one primary colorectal carcinoma (CRC) discovered at the time of initial presentation, accounts for 3.1%-3.9% of CRC, and may occur either in the same or in different colorectal segments. The accurate preoperative diagnosis of SCRC is difficult and diagnostic failures may lead to inappropriate treatment and poorer prognosis. SCRC requires colorectal resections tailored to individual patients, based on the number, location, and stage of the tumours, from conventional or extended hemicolectomies to total colectomy or proctocolectomy, when established predisposing conditions exist. The overall perioperative risks of surgery for SCRC seem to be higher than for solitary CRC. Simultaneous colorectal and liver resection represents an appealing surgical strategy in selected patients with CRC and synchronous liver metastases (CRLM), even though the cumulative risks of the two procedures need to be adequately evaluated. Simultaneous resections have the noticeable advantage of avoiding a second laparotomy, give the opportunity of an earlier initiation of adjuvant therapy, and may significantly reduce the hospital costs. Because an increasing number of recent studies have shown good results, with morbidity, perioperative hospitalization, and mortality rates comparable to staged resections, simultaneous procedures can be selectively proposed even in case of complex colorectal resections, including those for SCRC and rectal cancer. However, in patients with multiple bilobar CRLM, major hepatectomies performed simultaneously with colorectal resection have been associated with significant perioperative risks. Conservative or parenchymal-sparing hepatectomies reduce the extent of hepatectomy while preserving oncological radicality, and may represent the best option for selected patients with multiple CRLM involving both liver lobes. Parenchymal-sparing liver resection, instead of major or two-stage hepatectomy for bilobar disease, seemingly reduces the overall operative risk of candidates to simultaneous colorectal and liver resection, and may represent the most appropriate surgical strategy whenever possible, also for patients with advanced SCRC and multiple bilobar liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio De Raffele
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento dell’Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mirarchi
- U.O. di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Strutturale Chirurgico, Ospedale “Antonio e Margherita, ” Tortona (AL) 15057, Italy
| | - Dajana Cuicchi
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento dell’Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Lecce
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento dell’Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento dell’Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casadei
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento dell’Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Bruno Cola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Francesco Minni
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento dell’Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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Watanabe A, Harimoto N, Araki K, Yoshizumi T, Arima K, Yamashita Y, Baba H, Tetsuya H, Kuwano H, Shirabe K. A new strategy based on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography for managing liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:1088-1095. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kota Arima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Higuchi Tetsuya
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
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