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Niu ZX, Hu J, Sun JF, Wang YT. Fluorine in the pharmaceutical industry: Synthetic approaches and application of clinically approved fluorine-enriched anti-infectious medications. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116446. [PMID: 38678824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The strategic integration of fluorine atoms into anti-infectious agents has become a cornerstone in the field of medicinal chemistry, owing to the unique influence of fluorine on the chemical and biological properties of pharmaceuticals. This review examines the synthetic methodologies that enable the incorporation of fluorine into anti-infectious drugs, and the resultant clinical applications of these fluorine-enriched compounds. With a focus on clinically approved medications, the discussion extends to the molecular mechanisms. It further outlines the specific effects of fluorination, which contribute to the heightened efficacy of anti-infective therapies. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of current drugs and their developmental pathways, this review underscores the continuing evolution and significance of fluorine in advancing anti-infectious treatment options. The insights offered extend valuable guidance for future drug design and the development of next-generation anti-infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xi Niu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin,133002, China.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Safa FM, Rasmussen T, Fontan L, Xia M, Melnick A, Wiestner A, Lobelle-Rich P, Burger JA, Mouawad Y, Safah H, Flemington EK, Saba NS. Profiling the activity of the para-caspase MALT1 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia for potential targeted therapeutic application. Haematologica 2024; 109:1348-1358. [PMID: 37767562 PMCID: PMC11063839 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains a hard-to-treat disease with a poor prognosis in adults. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is a para-caspase required for B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated NF-κB activation. Inhibition of MALT1 in preclinical models has proven efficacious in many B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We sought to examine the role of MALT1 in B-ALL and determine the biological consequences of its inhibition. Targeting MALT1 with both Z-VRPR-fmk and MI-2 efficiently kills B-ALL cells independent of the cell-of-origin (pro, pre, mature) or the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, and spares normal B cells. The mechanism of cell death was through apoptotic induction, mostly in cycling cells. The proteolytic activity of MALT1 can be studied by measuring its ability to cleave its substrates. Surprisingly, with the exception of mature B-ALL, we did not detect cleavage of MALT1 substrates at baseline, nor after proteasomal inhibition or following activation of pre-BCR. To explore the possibility of a distinct role for MALT1 in B-ALL, independent of signaling through BCR, we studied the changes in gene expression profiling following a 24-hour treatment with MI-2 in 12 B-ALL cell lines. Our transcriptome analysis revealed a strong inhibitory effect on MYC-regulated gene signatures, further confirmed by Myc protein downregulation, concomitant with an increase in the Myc degrader FBXW7. In conclusion, our evidence suggests a novel role for MALT1 in B-ALL through Myc regulation and provides support for clinical testing of MALT1 inhibitors in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas M Safa
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Terri Rasmussen
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lorena Fontan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patricia Lobelle-Rich
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yara Mouawad
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.
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Salama MM, Aborehab NM, El Mahdy NM, Zayed A, Ezzat SM. Nanotechnology in leukemia: diagnosis, efficient-targeted drug delivery, and clinical trials. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:566. [PMID: 38053150 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a group of malignant disorders which affect the blood and blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. Many types of leukemia exist; thus, their diagnosis and treatment are somewhat complicated. The use of conventional strategies for treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy may develop many side effects and toxicity. Hence, modern research is concerned with the development of specific nano-formulations for targeted delivery of anti-leukemic drugs avoiding toxic effects on normal cells. Nanostructures can be applied not only in treatment but also in diagnosis. In this article, types of leukemia, its causes, diagnosis as well as conventional treatment of leukemia shall be reviewed. Then, the use of nanoparticles in diagnosis of leukemia and synthesis of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of anti-leukemia drugs being investigated in in vivo and clinical studies. Therefore, it may contribute to the discovery of novel and emerging nanoparticles for targeted treatment of leukemia with less side effects and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Nora M Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Nihal M El Mahdy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus), Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt.
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4
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Song W, Li X, Cao H, Wang T, Sun Y, Fan Q, Zahid D, Li M, Li W. Taurine promotes B-cell activation by interaction with the V H /V L framework regions of B-cell receptor. Immunology 2023; 169:141-156. [PMID: 36510675 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) is a special sulphur-containing amino acid and has been widely used as a dietary supplement. Although Tau exists in lymphocytes in large quantities, the physiological significance of Tau to modulate human immunity is unknown. In the present study, we first found that Tau regulates the B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signal transduction and induces the B cells activation. The IgG production of mice after ovalbumin immunization was also increased by Tau administration. Moreover, the isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance analysis have shown that Tau specifically bound to the IgG2a-BCR. The Tau could bind to IgG F(ab')2 regions via fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. In the molecular docking analysis, Tau bound to the framework regions (FRs) of variable region of the heavy chains (VH ) and in the light chains (VL ) of IgG2a-BCR. Our results suggested that Tau could improve the activation of B cells by interaction with the VH /VL FRs of BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hongyu Cao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Liaoning Key Lab of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiantong Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingjie Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Danish Zahid
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Zheng TJ, Parra-Izquierdo I, Reitsma SE, Heinrich MC, Larson MK, Shatzel JJ, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Platelets and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: clinical features, mechanisms of action, and effects on physiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1231-C1250. [PMID: 35938677 PMCID: PMC9576167 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00040.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as a promising class of target-directed, small molecule inhibitors used to treat hematologic malignancies, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Recently, TKIs have also gained interest as potential antiplatelet-directed therapeutics that could be leveraged to reduce pathologic thrombus formation and atherothrombotic complications, while minimally affecting platelet hemostatic function. This review provides a mechanistic overview and summarizes the known effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on platelet signaling and function, detailing prominent platelet signaling pathways downstream of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This review focuses on mechanistic as well as clinically relevant and emerging TKIs targeting major families of tyrosine kinases including but not limited to Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Src family kinases (SFKs), Janus kinases (JAK), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and evaluates their effects on platelet aggregation and adhesion, granule secretion, receptor expression and activation, and protein phosphorylation events. In summation, this review highlights current advances and knowledge on the effects of select TKIs on platelet biology and furthers insight on signaling pathways that may represent novel druggable targets coupled to specific platelet functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Stéphanie E Reitsma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C Heinrich
- Portland Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mark K Larson
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Joseph J Shatzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Chen Y, Liu H, Tian Y, Luo Z, Yin G, Xie Q. Neoplasm Risk in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Fostamatinib: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:768980. [PMID: 35308252 PMCID: PMC8926144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.768980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess neoplasm risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with fostamatinib. Methods: Studies were collected from electronic databases of OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. We included studies that reported neoplasms in patients with RA treated with fostamatinib. Study selection was repeated by two reviewers based on the study selection criteria. Data were collected and methodological quality assessment was performed. Data were pooled using the Peto odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses of the fostamatinib dose, trial duration, neoplasm nature, and neoplasm-originating systems were conducted. A funnel plot was used to estimate publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was performed to test the robustness of the results. Results: Seven trials involving 4,971 participants showing low to moderate risk of bias were included. Compared with the placebo, fostamatinib use was not associated with the risks of overall neoplasms (Peto OR = 2.62, 95%CI 0.97–7.10), malignant neoplasms (Peto OR = 3.08, 95%CI 0.96–9.91), or benign neoplasms (Peto OR = 1.71, 95%CI 0.26–11.36). Nevertheless, compared with the placebo, a longer duration of fostamatinib use had a higher risk of malignant neoplasms (Peto OR = 4.49, 95%CI 1.03–19.60) at 52 weeks. As for malignant neoplasms in the digestive system, lower doses of fostamatinib reduced the neoplasm risk (100 mg bid vs 150 mg qd: Peto OR = 0.06, 95%CI 0.01–0.59). Sensitivity analysis showed no significant differences in the effective trends, and no publication bias was found. Conclusion: Fostamatinib is not associated with the risks of overall neoplasms as compared to placebo. Nevertheless, a longer duration of fostamatinib use may be associated with a risk of malignant neoplasms and higher doses of fostamatinib may increase malignant neoplasms in the digestive system. Further well-planned cohort studies with a larger study population are needed to elucidate these outcomes. Systematic ReviewRegistration: PROSPERO (CRD42020202121).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunru Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongling Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are disorders induced by multiple inflammatory mediators, in which immune system attacks healthy tissues and triggers tissue injury. Targeted regulation of the activity of kinases that influence inflammation is one of the major therapies for ADs. Recently, investigational spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors have shown encouraging results in the ADs therapy. AREAS COVERED This article provides a background on autoimmune diseases and provides an update on investigational SYK inhibitors. This literature review was conducted by searching publications about investigational Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of ADs from experimental to clinical studies. The search terms used were SYK inhibitors, R406, fostamatinib (R788), P505-15 (PRT062607), entospletinib (GS-9973), R112, lanraplenib (GS-9876), cerdulatinib, R343, BAY-61-3606, GSK compound 143 (GSK143), R211, SKI-G-618, SKI-O-85, ER-27319, YM193306, RO9021 in conjunction with autoimmune disease using electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. EXPERT OPINION SYK inhibitors are promising drugs with unique advantages and acceptable tolerability and safety for the treatment of ADs. However, the difficulties in developing highly selective SYK inhibitors and the unknown effects are challenges. Long term and real-world data are essential to determine the risk-benefit ratio and true role of SYK inhibitors in the therapy of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su'an Tang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Centre of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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8
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Ramuthai M, Jeyavijayan S, Jayram ND. Molecular Structure, Spectroscopic Investigation, Docking and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of 7-Methoxycoumarin as anti-Leukemia Agent. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1994430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramuthai
- Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - S. Jeyavijayan
- Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Naidu Dhanpal Jayram
- Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Over the last 2 decades, treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapy has drastically changed, resulting in greatly improved survival and treatment tolerance with current targeted therapies. First, the transition from chemotherapy (alkylating agents, nucleoside analogs) to chemoimmunotherapy with the addition of anti-CD20 antibodies resulted in deeper and more complete remissions, with an improvement in progression-free and overall survival. Over the last few years, chemoimmunotherapy has gradually been replaced by new targeted agents, based on further improvement in survival, especially in patients with high-risk CLL, and fewer adverse effects, that is, a lack of myelosuppression and lack of DNA damage and associated risk of secondary acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome. The most active targeted treatments for CLL patients are the kinase inhibitors, which inhibit signaling of surface receptors, especially the B-cell antigen receptor, and the BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax. Among the kinase inhibitors, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors are highly effective and generally well-tolerated and induce durable responses in the vast majority of patients. PI3 kinase inhibitors are alternatives for patients with intolerance to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review discusses the rationale for the transition from chemotherapy-based treatment to the novel agents, the activity, adverse effects, sequencing, and combinations of the novel agents and provides an outlook into future CLL therapy for the next decade.
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Lam V, Best S, Kittai A, Orand K, Spurgeon SE, Liu T, Danilov AV. Proapoptotic and immunomodulatory effects of SYK inhibitor entospletinib in combination with obinutuzumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:836-841. [PMID: 34196037 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is indispensable in B-cell receptor signalling. SYK inhibitor entospletinib demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). However, pharmacodynamic effects of SYK inhibition in CLL cells and immunomodulatory effects of B-cell receptor-signalling inhibitors in patients with CLL are poorly understood. We conducted a phase 2 trial of entospletinib in combination with obinutuzumab, an anti-CD20 antibody, in 17 patients with relapsed/refractory CLL. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated that treatment with entospletinib led to rapid downmodulation of pSTAT3 and the anti-apoptotic protein MCL1 in CLL cells. Meanwhile, 6 months of combination therapy was accompanied by a reduction in interferon-γ secretion in CD4+ T-cells and a reversal of exhausted phenotype, as evidenced by downregulation of PD-1. Thus, SYK inhibition downmodulates MCL-1 and partially restores T-cell immunity in CLL. Trial registration number NCT03010358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Lam
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Scott Best
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Orand
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Stephen E Spurgeon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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11
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Xie G, Liu W, Lian Z, Xie D, Yuan G, Ye J, Lin Z, Wang W, Zeng J, Shen H, Wang X, Feng H, Cong W, Yao G. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitor PRT062607 protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss and breast cancer-induced bone destruction. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114579. [PMID: 33895161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteolytic diseases, including breast cancer-induced osteolysis and postmenopausal osteoporosis, are attributed to excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, whose role in breast cancer though remains controversial. Effects of PRT062607 (PRT), a highly specific inhibitor of SYK, on the osteoclast and breast cancer functionalities are yet to be clarified. This study demonstrated the in vitro inhibitory actions of PRT on the osteoclast-specific gene expression, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis caused by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), as well as its in vitro suppressive effects on the growth, migration and invasion of breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231, which were achieved through PLCγ2 and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways. Further, we proved that PRT could prevent post-ovariectomy (OVX) loss of bone and breast cancer-induced bone destruction in vivo, which agreed with the in vitro outcomes. In conclusion, our findings suggest the potential value of PRT in managing osteolytic diseases mediated by osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dantao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jican Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaxing Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wei Cong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guanfeng Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Maffei R, Fiorcari S, Benatti S, Atene CG, Martinelli S, Zucchini P, Potenza L, Luppi M, Marasca R. IRF4 modulates the response to BCR activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia regulating IKAROS and SYK. Leukemia 2021; 35:1330-43. [PMID: 33623139 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcriptional regulator of immune system development and function. Here, we investigated the role of IRF4 in controlling responsiveness to B-cell receptor (BCR) stimulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We modulated IRF4 levels by transfecting CLL cells with an IRF4 vector or by silencing using small-interfering RNAs. Higher IRF4 levels attenuated BCR signaling by reducing AKT and ERK phosphorylation and calcium release. Conversely, IRF4 reduction improved the strength of the intracellular cascade activated by BCR engagement. Our results also indicated that IRF4 negatively regulates the expression of the spleen tyrosine kinase SYK, a crucial protein for propagation of BCR signaling, and the zinc finger DNA-binding protein IKAROS. We modulated IKAROS protein levels both by genetic manipulation and pharmacologically by treating CLL cells with lenalidomide and avadomide (IMIDs). IKAROS promoted BCR signaling by reducing the expression of inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1. Lastly, IMIDs induced IRF4 expression, while down-regulating IKAROS and interfered with survival advantage mediated by BCR triggering, also in combination with ibrutinib. Overall, our findings elucidate the mechanism by which IRF4 tunes BCR signaling in CLL cells. Low IRF4 levels allow an efficient transmission of BCR signal throughout the accumulation of SYK and IKAROS.
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13
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Dubois N, Crompot E, Meuleman N, Bron D, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Importance of Crosstalk Between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells and the Stromal Microenvironment: Direct Contact, Soluble Factors, and Extracellular Vesicles. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1422. [PMID: 32974152 PMCID: PMC7466743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the accumulation of malignant B cells due to a defect in apoptosis and the presence of small population of proliferating cells principally in the lymph nodes. The abnormal survival of CLL B cells is explained by a plethora of supportive stimuli produced by the surrounding cells of the microenvironment, including follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). This crosstalk between malignant cells and normal cells can take place directly by cell-to-cell contact (assisted by adhesion molecules such as VLA-4 or CD100), indirectly by soluble factors (chemokines such as CXCL12, CXCL13, or CCL2) interacting with their receptors or by the exchange of material (protein, microRNAs or long non-coding RNAs) via extracellular vesicles. These different communication methods lead to different activation pathways (including BCR and NFκB pathways), gene expression modifications (chemokines, antiapoptotic protein increase, prognostic biomarkers), chemotaxis, homing in lymphoid tissues and survival of leukemic cells. In addition, these interactions are bidirectional, and CLL cells can manipulate the normal surrounding stromal cells in different ways to establish a supportive microenvironment. Here, we review this complex crosstalk between CLL cells and stromal cells, focusing on the different types of interactions, activated pathways, treatment strategies to disrupt this bidirectional communication, and the prognostic impact of these induced modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emerence Crompot
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, ULB-Research Cancer Center (U-CRC), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Jin W. The Role of Tyrosine Kinases as a Critical Prognostic Parameter and Its Targeted Therapies in Ewing Sarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:613. [PMID: 32754598 PMCID: PMC7381324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare, highly aggressive, bone, or soft tissue-associated tumor. Although this sarcoma often responds well to initial chemotherapy, 40% of the patients develop a lethal recurrence of the disease, with death recorded in 75-80% of patients with metastatic ES within 5 years, despite receiving high-dose chemotherapy. ES is genetically well-characterized, as indicated by the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein encoded as a result of chromosomal translocation in 80-90% of patients with ES, as well as in ES-related cancer cell lines. Recently, tyrosine kinases have been identified in the pathogenesis of ES. These tyrosine kinases, acting as oncoproteins, are associated with the clinical pathogenesis, metastasis, acquisition of self-renewal traits, and chemoresistance of ES, through the activation of various intracellular signaling pathways. This review describes the recent progress related to cellular and molecular functional roles of tyrosine kinases in the progression of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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15
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Weisberg E, Meng C, Case AE, Tiv HL, Gokhale PC, Toure AA, Buhrlage S, Liu X, Wang J, Gray N, Stone R, Adamia S, Winer E, Sattler M, Griffin JD. The combination of FLT3 and SYK kinase inhibitors is toxic to leukaemia cells with CBL mutations. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2145-2156. [PMID: 31943762 PMCID: PMC7011134 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL, found in several myeloid neoplasms, lead to decreased ubiquitin ligase activity. In murine systems, these mutations are associated with cytokine-independent proliferation, thought to result from the activation of hematopoietic growth receptors, including FLT3 and KIT. Using cell lines and primary patient cells, we compared the activity of a panel of FLT3 inhibitors currently being used or tested in AML patients and also evaluated the effects of inhibition of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SYK. We show that FLT3 inhibitors ranging from promiscuous to highly targeted are potent inhibitors of growth of leukaemia cells expressing mutant CBL in vitro, and we demonstrate in vivo efficacy of midostaurin using mouse models of mutant CBL. Potentiation of effects of targeted FLT3 inhibition by SYK inhibition has been demonstrated in models of mutant FLT3-positive AML and AML characterized by hyperactivated SYK. Here, we show that targeted SYK inhibition similarly enhances the effects of midostaurin and other FLT3 inhibitors against mutant CBL-positive leukaemia. Taken together, our results support the notion that mutant CBL-expressing myeloid leukaemias are highly sensitive to available FLT3 inhibitors and that this effect can be significantly augmented by optimum inhibition of SYK kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail E Case
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthia A Toure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Adamia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Pouget C, Hergalant S, Lardenois E, Lacomme S, Houlgatte R, Carpentier C, Dehais C, Rech F, Taillandier L, Sanson M, Appay R, Colin C, Figarella-Branger D, Battaglia-Hsu SF, Gauchotte G. Ki-67 and MCM6 labeling indices are correlated with overall survival in anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH1-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted: a multicenter study from the French POLA network. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:465-478. [PMID: 31561286 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted (IDHmut+/1p19qcodel), is a high-grade glioma with only limited prognostic markers. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, the prognostic value of two proliferation markers, MCM6 and Ki-67, in a large series of IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO included in the POLA ("Prise en charge des Oligodendrogliomes Anaplasiques") French national multicenter network. We additionally examined the transcriptome obtained from this series to understand the functional pathways dysregulated with the mRNA overexpression of these two markers. The labeling indices (LI) of MCM6 and Ki-67 were obtained via computer-assisted color image analyses on immunostained AO tissues of the cohort (n = 220). Furthermore, a subgroup of AO (n = 68/220) was used to perform transcriptomic analyses. A high LI of either MCM6 (≥50%) or Ki-67 (≥15%) correlated with shorter overall survival, both in univariate (P = 0.013 and P = 0.004, respectively) and multivariate analyses (P = 0.027; multivariate Cox model including age, mitotic index, MCM6 and Ki-67). MCM6 and Ki-67 LI also correlated with overall survival in an additional retrospective cohort of 30 grade II IDHmut+/1p19qcodel oligodendrogliomas. The prognostic value of MCM6 mRNA level was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) IDHmut+/1p19qcodel gliomas. The transcriptomic approach revealed that high transcriptional expressions of MCM6 and MKI67 were both linked positively with cell cycle progression, DNA replication, mitosis, pro-neural phenotype as well as neurogenesis, and negatively with microglial cell activation, immune response, positive regulation of myelination, oligodendrocyte development, beta-amyloid binding and postsynaptic specialization. In conclusion, the overexpression of MCM6 and/or Ki-67 is independently associated to shorter overall survival in IDHmut+/1p19qcodel AO. These two easy-to-use and cost-effective markers could thus be used concurrently in routine pathology practice. Additionally, the transcriptomic analyses showed that AO with high proliferation index have down-regulated immune response and lower microglial cells activation, and bears pro-neural phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Pouget
- Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France.,INSERM U1256, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- INSERM U1256, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Emilie Lardenois
- Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France.,INSERM U1256, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Lacomme
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques, CHRU, BB-0033-00035, Nancy, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM U1256, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Carpentier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Dehais
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Rech
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHRU, Nancy, France.,Institut des Neurosciences, INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, 75013, Paris, France.,Onconeurotek, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Romain Appay
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie and Centre de Ressources Biologiques CRB-TBM, BB-0033-00097, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Colin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst. Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie and Centre de Ressources Biologiques CRB-TBM, BB-0033-00097, Marseille, France
| | - Shyue-Fang Battaglia-Hsu
- INSERM U1256, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Gauchotte
- Department of Pathology, CHRU, Nancy, France.,INSERM U1256, NGERE, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques, CHRU, BB-0033-00035, Nancy, France
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17
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Holmes KB, Sadreev II, Rawstron AC, Munir T, Westhead DR, Hillmen P, Lefevre PF. Ibrutinib induces chromatin reorganisation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:32. [PMID: 31076570 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in Western countries. It has recently been shown that the homogeneity of the chromatin landscape between CLL cells contrasts with the important observed genetic heterogeneity of the disease. To gain further insight into the consequences of disease evolution on the epigenome's plasticity, we monitored changes in chromatin structure occurring in vivo in CLL cells from patients receiving continuous Ibrutinib treatment. Ibrutinib, an oral inhibitor of the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has proved to be remarkably efficient against treatment naïve (TN), heavily pre-treated and high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), with limited adverse events. We established that the chromatin landscape is significantly and globally affected in response to Ibrutinib. However, we observed that prior to treatment, CLL cells show qualitative and quantitative variations in chromatin structure correlated with both EZH2 protein level and cellular response to external stimuli. Then, under prolonged exposure to Ibrutinib, a loss of the two marks associated with lysine 27 (acetylation and trimethylation) was observed. Altogether, these data indicate that the epigenome of CLL cells from the peripheral blood change dynamically in response to stimuli and suggest that these cells might adapt to the Ibrutinib "hit" in a process leading toward a possible reduced sensitivity to treatment.
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18
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Bagacean C, Tomuleasa C, Tempescul A, Grewal R, Brooks WH, Berthou C, Renaudineau Y. Apoptotic resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and therapeutic perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:321-332. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bagacean
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Tempescul
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Ravnit Grewal
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wesley H. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Christian Berthou
- Department of Hematology, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
- U1227 B Lymphocytes and Autoimmunity, University of Brest, INSERM, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Brest University Medical School Hospital, Brest, France
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19
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Shinde A, Hardy SD, Kim D, Akhand SS, Jolly MK, Wang WH, Anderson JC, Khodadadi RB, Brown WS, George JT, Liu S, Wan J, Levine H, Willey CD, Krusemark CJ, Geahlen RL, Wendt MK. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Autophagy Is Required for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity and Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1831-1843. [PMID: 30733195 PMCID: PMC6467765 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of breast cancer cells to transiently transition between epithelial and mesenchymal states contributes to their metastatic potential. Therefore, driving tumor cells into a stable mesenchymal state, as opposed to complete tumor cell eradication, presents an opportunity to pharmacologically limit disease progression by promoting an asymptomatic state of dormancy. Here, we compare a reversible model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by TGFβ to a stable mesenchymal phenotype induced by chronic exposure to the ErbB kinase inhibitor lapatinib. Only cells capable of returning to an epithelial phenotype resulted in skeletal metastasis. Gene expression analyses of the two mesenchymal states indicated similar transition expression profiles. A potently downregulated gene in both datasets was spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In contrast to this similar diminution in mRNA, kinome analyses using a peptide array and DNA-conjugated peptide substrates showed a robust increase in SYK activity upon TGFβ-induced EMT only. SYK was present in cytoplasmic RNA processing depots known as P-bodies formed during the onset of EMT, and SYK activity was required for autophagy-mediated clearance of P-bodies during mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Genetic knockout of autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) or pharmacologic inhibition of SYK activity with fostamatinib, a clinically approved inhibitor of SYK, prevented P-body clearance and MET, inhibiting metastatic tumor outgrowth. Overall, this study suggests assessment of SYK activity as a biomarker for metastatic disease and the use of fostamatinib as a means to stabilize the latency of disseminated tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings present inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase as a therapeutic option to limit breast cancer metastasis by promoting systemic tumor dormancy.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/8/1831/F1.large.jpg.See related commentary by Farrington and Narla, p. 1756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shana D Hardy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Saeed Salehin Akhand
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ryan B Khodadadi
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Minnesota
| | - Wells S Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jason T George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Medical Science Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sheng Liu
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jun Wan
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Casey J Krusemark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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20
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Incrocci R, McAloon J, Montesano M, Bardahl J, Vagvala S, Stone A, Swanson-Mungerson M. Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A utilizes Syk and PI3K to activate NF-κB in B-cell lymphomas to increase MIP-1α production. J Med Virol 2019; 91:845-855. [PMID: 30609049 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is growing due to an increase in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated HL in AIDS patients. The HL tumor microenvironment is vital for the survival of the malignant Hodgkin-Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells of HL, which express the EBV protein latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A). While previous work shows that LMP2A mimics B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling to promote the survival of HRS cells, the ability of LMP2A to establish and maintain the tumor microenvironment through the production of chemokines remains unknown. Since BCR signaling induces the production of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and since LMP2A is a BCR mimic, we hypothesized that LMP2A increases MIP-1α levels. A comparison of multiple LMP2A-negative and -positive cell lines demonstrates that LMP2A increases MIP-1α. Additionally, LMP2A-mutant cell lines and pharmacologic inhibitors indicate that LMP2A activates a Syk/PI3K/NF-κB pathway to enhance MIP-1α. Finally, based on the finding that an NF-κB inhibitor decreased MIP-1α RNA/protein in LMP2A-positive cells, we are the first to demonstrate that LMP2A increases the nuclear localization of the NF-κB p65 subunit using DNA-binding assays and confocal microscopy in human B cells. These findings not only have implications for the treatment of HL, but also other LMP2A-expressing B-cell tumors that overexpress NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Jason McAloon
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Michael Montesano
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Bardahl
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Saivenkat Vagvala
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Amanda Stone
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.,Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
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21
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Wang D, Liu P, Zhang Y, Liu HY, Shen D, Che YQ. Bone Marrow Molecular Markers Associated with Relapsed/Refractory Activated B-Cell-Like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:1042597. [PMID: 30534553 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1042597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is a common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is very likely to infiltrate the bone marrow. Over 30% of patients are converted to relapsed/refractory DLBCL after first-line rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone therapy, with a poor prognosis. Our aim was to identify molecular markers that might be utilized to predict relapsed/refractory ABC-DLBCL patients. Hence, we collected bone marrow aspirate smears from 202 patients with ABC-DLBCL and detected expression of bone marrow molecular marker proteins by immunocytochemistry. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, Syk, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), and Bcl2 proteins were strongly expressed in bone marrow aspirate smears of ABC-DLBCL patients. The same smear could present positive expression of multiple proteins simultaneously. Positive combinations of protein expression were associated with resistance. The most significant finding was that the Stat3+NF-κB+ group developed resistance, which was significantly higher than that of the Stat3−NF-κB−group (80 vs. 14%). There was a significant difference in two-year relapse-free survival between protein-positive and protein-negative combinations of Stat3-NF-κB (P = 0.005), Bcl2-Stat3 (P = 0.009), Bcl2-Pax5 (P = 0.003), and BTK-Syk (P < 0.001). Thus, we detected key molecules in multiple signaling pathways in bone marrow aspirate smears. At the same time, the results provide further clinical evidence of ABC-DLBCL drug-resistant molecules and provide a theoretical basis for rational second-line treatment after drug resistance.
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Bian X, Wu L, Mu L, Yin X, Wei X, Zhong X, Yang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Guo Z, Ye J. Spleen tyrosine kinase from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Molecular characterization, expression pattern upon bacterial infection and the potential role in BCR signaling and inflammatory response. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 82:162-172. [PMID: 30114435 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a member of non-receptor tyrosine kinase family, plays an important role in immune responses against pathogen infection, which is capable of activating B cells signaling pathway and regulating inflammatory response. In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ortholog (OnSYK) was identified and characterized at expression pattern against bacterial infection, function in B cells activation pathway and inflammatory response. The cDNA of OnSYK ORF contained 1851 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding polypeptides of 616 amino acids. The deduced OnSYK protein was highly homologous to other species SYK, containing two SH2 domains and a TyrKc domain. Spatial mRNA expression analysis revealed that OnSYK had wide tissue distribution and was highly expressed in the liver. After challenge of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) in vivo, mRNA expression of OnSYK was significantly up-regulated in the head kidney, spleen and liver. The up-regulation of OnSYK transcript was also displayed in the head kidney and spleen leukocytes stimulation with S. agalactiae and LPS in vitro, which was confirmed at protein level in the head kidney leukocytes by FACS analysis. In addition, after induction with mouse anti-OnIgM monoclonal antibody in vitro, the expressions of OnSYK and its downstream molecules (OnLYN, OnBLNK and OnAP-1) were significantly up-regulated in the head kidney leukocytes, and pharmacological inhibition of SYK activity with inhibitor (P505-15) significantly attenuated the expressions of OnLYN, OnBLNK and OnAP-1. Moreover, upon LPS challenge, the expressions of OnSYK, OnTNF-α, OnIL-6 and OnAP-1 were also up-regulated in the head kidney monocytes/macrophages. After treatment with SYK inhibitor (BAY 61-3606), the expressions of OnTNF-α, OnIL-6 and OnAP-1 were inhibited in the LPS-challenged head kidney monocytes/macrophages. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that OnSYK, playing potential roles in BCR signaling and inflammatory response, was likely to get involved in host defense against bacterial infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Bian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Liting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiufang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Junru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, PR China.
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Coffey GP, Feng J, Betz A, Pandey A, Birrell M, Leeds JM, Der K, Kadri S, Lu P, Segal J, Wang YL, Michelson G, Curnutte JT, Conley PB. Cerdulatinib Pharmacodynamics and Relationships to Tumor Response Following Oral Dosing in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1174-1184. [PMID: 30333224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest SYK and JAK contribute to tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment-derived survival signals. The pharmacodynamics of cerdulatinib, a dual SYK/JAK inhibitor, and associations with tumor response were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase I dose-escalation study in adults with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, cerdulatinib was administered orally to sequential dose-escalation cohorts using once-daily or twice-daily schedules. The study enrolled 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), 13 with follicular lymphoma, 16 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 6 with mantle cell lymphoma. Correlation of tumor response with pharmacodynamic markers was determined in patients with meaningful clinical responses. RESULTS Following cerdulatinib administration, complete SYK and JAK pathway inhibition was achieved in whole blood of patients at tolerated exposures. Target inhibition correlated with serum cerdulatinib concentration, and IC50 values against B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), IL2, IL4, and IL6 signaling pathways were 0.27 to 1.11 μmol/L, depending on the phosphorylation event. Significant correlations were observed between SYK and JAK pathway inhibition and tumor response. Serum inflammation markers were reduced by cerdulatinib, and several significantly correlated with tumor response. Diminished expression of CD69 and CD86 (B-cell activation markers), CD5 (negative regulator of BCR signaling), and enhanced expression of CXCR4 were observed in 2 patients with CLL, consistent with BCR and IL4 suppression and loss of proliferative capacity. CONCLUSIONS Cerdulatinib potently and selectively inhibited SYK/JAK signaling at tolerated exposures in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. The extent of target inhibition in whole-blood assays and suppression of inflammation correlated with tumor response. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT01994382).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg P Coffey
- Biology and Pharmacology, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Jiajia Feng
- Research and Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Betz
- Research and Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Anjali Pandey
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Matt Birrell
- Corporate Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Janet M Leeds
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kenneth Der
- Pharmacokinetics, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sabah Kadri
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pin Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeremy Segal
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Y Lynn Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Glenn Michelson
- Clinical Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - John T Curnutte
- Research and Development, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela B Conley
- Biology, Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E McKenzie
- From the Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA.
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25
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Gong T, Jiang W, Zhou R. Control of Inflammasome Activation by Phosphorylation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:685-99. [PMID: 30049633 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes composed of innate immune sensors, the adaptor protein ASC, and the cysteine protease caspase-1. In response to microbial infection or 'danger signals', inflammasomes play critical roles in host defense or contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have provided abundant evidence for a vital role of phosphorylation in the regulation of inflammasome assembly and activation. This review integrates previous observations and discoveries for inflammasome regulation by protein phosphorylation with the most recent findings. Additionally, the timely application and clinical prospects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, by targeting related protein kinases or phosphatases, are also discussed.
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26
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Primo D, Scarfò L, Xochelli A, Mattsson M, Ranghetti P, Espinosa AB, Robles A, Gorrochategui J, Martínez-López J, de la Serna J, González M, Gil AC, Anguita E, Iraheta S, Munugalavadla V, Quéva C, Tannheimer S, Rosenquist R, Stamatopoulos K, Ballesteros J, Ghia P. A novel ex vivo high-throughput assay reveals antiproliferative effects of idelalisib and ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26019-26031. [PMID: 29899839 PMCID: PMC5995261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3Kδ (idelalisib) and BTK (ibrutinib) inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) interfering with the cross-talk between CLL cells and the lymph node microenviroment, yet their mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we developed an ex vivo model with the aim of reproducing the effects of the microenvironment that would help shed light on the in vivo mechanism of action of idelalisib and ibrutinib and predict their clinical efficacy in individual patients. First we explored the effects of various cell-extrinsic elements on CLL apoptosis and proliferation and found that the combination of CpG+IL2+HS5 stromal cell line + human serum +CLL plasma and erythrocyte fractions represented the best co-culture conditions to test the effects of the novel inhibitors. Then, using this assay, we investigated the impact of idelalisib and ibrutinib on both survival and proliferation in 30 CLL patients. While both drugs had a limited direct pro-apoptotic activity, a potent inhibition of proliferation was achieved at clinically achievable concentrations. Notably, up to 10% of CLL cells still proliferated even at the highest concentrations, likely mirroring the known difficulty to achieve complete responses in vivo. Altogether, this novel assay represents an appropriate ex vivo drug testing system to potentially predict the clinical response to novel inhibitors in particular by quantifying the antiproliferative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- Strategic Research Program on CLL and B Cell Neoplasia Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Aliki Xochelli
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mattias Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pamela Ranghetti
- Strategic Research Program on CLL and B Cell Neoplasia Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier de la Serna
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos González
- Hematology Service, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC)- IBMCC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Chaparro Gil
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Iraheta
- Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Strategic Research Program on CLL and B Cell Neoplasia Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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27
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Puente XS, Jares P, Campo E. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma: crossroads of genetic and microenvironment interactions. Blood 2018; 131:2283-96. [PMID: 29666114 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-764373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are 2 well-defined entities that diverge in their basic pathogenic mechanisms and clinical evolution but they share epidemiological characteristics, cells of origin, molecular alterations, and clinical features that differ from other lymphoid neoplasms. CLL and MCL are classically considered indolent and aggressive neoplasms, respectively. However, the clinical evolution of both tumors is very heterogeneous, with subsets of patients having stable disease for a long time whereas others require immediate intervention. Both CLL and MCL include 2 major molecular subtypes that seem to derive from antigen-experienced CD5+ B cells that retain a naive or memory-like epigenetic signature and carry a variable load of immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region somatic mutations from truly unmutated to highly mutated, respectively. These 2 subtypes of tumors differ in their molecular pathways, genomic alterations, and clinical behavior, being more aggressive in naive-like than memory-like-derived tumors in both CLL and MCL. The pathogenesis of the 2 entities integrates the relevant influence of B-cell receptor signaling, tumor cell microenvironment interactions, genomic alterations, and epigenome modifications that configure the evolution of the tumors and offer new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. This review will focus on the similarities and differences of these 2 tumors based on recent studies that are enhancing the understanding of their pathogenesis and creating solid bases for new management strategies.
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Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) signalling is crucial for normal B cell development and adaptive immunity. BCR signalling also supports the survival and growth of malignant B cells in patients with B cell leukaemias or lymphomas. The mechanism of BCR pathway activation in these diseases includes continuous BCR stimulation by microbial antigens or autoantigens present in the tissue microenvironment, activating mutations within the BCR complex or downstream signalling components and ligand-independent tonic BCR signalling. The most established agents targeting BCR signalling are Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors, and their introduction into the clinic is rapidly changing how B cell malignancies are treated. B cells and BCR-related kinases, such as BTK, also play a role in the microenvironment of solid tumours, such as squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, and therefore targeting B cells or BCR-related kinases may have anticancer activity beyond B cell malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Holroyd AK, Michie AM. The role of mTOR-mediated signaling in the regulation of cellular migration. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:74-9. [PMID: 29408410 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic target for rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that forms two distinct complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, integrating mitogen and nutrient signals to regulate cell survival and proliferation; processes which are commonly deregulated in human cancers. mTORC1 and mTORC2 have divergent molecular associations and cellular functions: mTORC1 regulates in mRNA translation and protein synthesis, while mTORC2 is involved in the regulation of cellular survival and metabolism. Through AKT phosphorylation/activation, mTORC2 has also been reported to regulate cell migration. Recent attention has focused on the aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in B cell malignancies and there is growing evidence for its involvement in disease pathogenesis, due to its location downstream of other established novel drug targets that intercept B cell receptor (BCR) signals. Shared pharmacological features of BCR signal inhibitors include a striking "lymphocyte redistribution" effect whereby patients experience a sharp increase in lymphocyte count on initiation of therapy followed by a steady decline. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) serves as a paradigm for migration studies as lymphocytes are among the most widely travelled cells in the body, a product of their role in immunological surveillance. The subversion of normal lymphocyte movement in CLL is being elucidated; this review aims to describe the migration impairment which occurs as part of the wider context of cancer cell migration defects, with a focus on the role of mTOR in mediating migration effects downstream of BCR ligation and other microenvironmental signals.
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30
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Yigit B, Halibozek PJ, Chen SS, O'Keeffe MS, Arnason J, Avigan D, Gattei V, Bhan A, Cen O, Longnecker R, Chiorazzi N, Wang N, Engel P, Terhorst C. A combination of an anti-SLAMF6 antibody and ibrutinib efficiently abrogates expansion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26346-60. [PMID: 27029059 PMCID: PMC5041984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family [SLAMF] of cell surface receptors partakes in both the development of several immunocyte lineages and innate and adaptive immune responses in humans and mice. For instance, the homophilic molecule SLAMF6 (CD352) is in part involved in natural killer T cell development, but also modulates T follicular helper cell and germinal B cell interactions. Here we report that upon transplantation of a well-defined aggressive murine B220+CD5+ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) cell clone, TCL1-192, into SCID mice one injection of a monoclonal antibody directed against SLAMF6 (αSlamf6) abrogates tumor progression in the spleen, bone marrow and blood. Similarly, progression of a murine B cell lymphoma, LMP2A/λMyc, was also eliminated by αSlamf6. But, surprisingly, αSLAMF6 neither eliminated TCL1-192 nor LMP2A/λMyc cells, which resided in the peritoneal cavity or omentum. This appeared to be dependent upon the tumor environment, which affected the frequency of sub-populations of the TCL1-192 clone or the inability of peritoneal macrophages to induce Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, co-administering αSlamf6 with the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor, ibrutinib, synergized to efficiently eliminate the tumor cells in the spleen, bone marrow, liver and the peritoneal cavity. Because an anti-human SLAMF6 mAb efficiently killed human CLL cells in vitro and in vivo, we propose that a combination of αSlamf6 with ibrutinib should be considered as a novel therapeutic approach for CLL and other B cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Halibozek
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Shih Chen
- Karches Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Michael S O'Keeffe
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon Arnason
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Avigan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I.R.C.C.S., Aviano, Italy
| | - Atul Bhan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Osman Cen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Karches Center for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Zhang N, Zhang G, Liu N, Lin W, Ji S, Zheng M, Chen K, Liang X, Li G, Ma Y, Zhu J, Niu T, Li LL, Li J, Wei YQ, Yang SY. A novel orally available Syk/Src/Jak2 inhibitor, SKLB-850, showed potent anti-tumor activities in B cell lymphoma (BCL) models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111495-111507. [PMID: 29340070 PMCID: PMC5762338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphoma (BCL) is the most frequently diagnosed type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and accounts for about 4% of all cancers in the USA. Kinases spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Src, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) have been thought as potential targets for the treatment of BCL. We have recently developed a multikinase inhibitor, SKLB-850, which potently inhibits Syk, Src, and JAK2. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-BCL activities and mechanisms of action of SKLB-850 both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that SKLB-850 significantly inhibited BCL cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis of BCL cells. It could considerably decrease the secretion of chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CXCL12. Oral administration of SKLB-850 considerably suppressed the tumor growth in BCL xenograft models (Ramos and HBL-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues showed that SKLB-850 efficiently inhibited the activation of Syk/ERK, Src/FAK and JAK2/Stat3 pathways. Collectively, SKLB-850 could be a promising agent for the treatment of BCL, hence deserving further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ning Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wanting Lin
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Sen Ji
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Mingwu Zheng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Kai Chen
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Guobo Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Obstetric & Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology & Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lin-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Yin G, Yang X, Li Q, Guo Z. SYK protects cardiocytes against anoxia and hypoglycemia-induced injury in ischemic heart failure. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Saba NS, Wong DH, Tanios G, Iyer JR, Lobelle-Rich P, Dadashian EL, Liu D, Fontan L, Flemington EK, Nichols CM, Underbayev C, Safah H, Melnick A, Wiestner A, Herman SEM. MALT1 Inhibition Is Efficacious in Both Naïve and Ibrutinib-Resistant Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2017; 77:7038-7048. [PMID: 28993409 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy displayed by ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been challenged by the frequent emergence of resistant clones. The ibrutinib target, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), is essential for B-cell receptor signaling, and most resistant cases carry mutations in BTK or PLCG2, a downstream effector target of BTK. Recent findings show that MI-2, a small molecule inhibitor of the para-caspase MALT1, is effective in preclinical models of another type of BCR pathway-dependent lymphoma. We therefore studied the activity of MI-2 against CLL and ibrutinib-resistant CLL. Treatment of CLL cells in vitro with MI-2 inhibited MALT1 proteolytic activity reduced BCR and NF-κB signaling, inhibited nuclear translocation of RelB and p50, and decreased Bcl-xL levels. MI-2 selectively induced dose and time-dependent apoptosis in CLL cells, sparing normal B lymphocytes. Furthermore, MI-2 abrogated survival signals provided by stromal cells and BCR cross-linking and was effective against CLL cells harboring features associated with poor outcomes, including 17p deletion and unmutated IGHV Notably, MI-2 was effective against CLL cells collected from patients harboring mutations conferring resistance to ibrutinib. Overall, our findings provide a preclinical rationale for the clinical development of MALT1 inhibitors in CLL, in particular for ibrutinib-resistant forms of this disease. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7038-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.
| | - Deanna H Wong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Georges Tanios
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jessica R Iyer
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Lobelle-Rich
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Eman L Dadashian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delong Liu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lorena Fontan
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Cydney M Nichols
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chingiz Underbayev
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hana Safah
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ari Melnick
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah E M Herman
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Guo A, Lu P, Coffey G, Conley P, Pandey A, Wang YL. Dual SYK/JAK inhibition overcomes ibrutinib resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Cerdulatinib, but not ibrutinib, induces apoptosis of tumor cells protected by the microenvironment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12953-67. [PMID: 28088788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibrutinib (BTK inhibitor) has generated remarkable responses in CLL. However, the drug, to a large extent, does not cause cell death directly and does not eradicate CLL malignant clones. Inability to eradicate CLL has fostered resistance generation. Once patients become resistant, they do poorly with a median survival of 3-4 months. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent resistance, improve treatment outcome and ultimately cure the disease. Herein, we explore dual targeting of the BCR and JAK-STAT pathways with a novel single agent, cerdulatinib, which selectively inhibits both SYK (a BCR component) and JAK kinases. We demonstrated that cerdulatinib delivered potent tumor inhibition in 60 primary CLL patient samples, especially in those with poor prognostic indicators. Importantly, cerdulatinib, but not ibrutinib, is able to overcome the support of microenvironment and induces CLL cell death at clinically achievable concentrations. Notably, cerdulatinib blocked proliferation of ibrutinib-resistant primary CLL cells and of BTKC481S-transfected/ibrutinib-resistant lymphoma cells. These anti-tumor effects are well correlated with the inhibition of BCR and JAK-STAT signaling and downstream inhibition of the functions of AKT, ERK and NF?B. Collectively, our results show that simultaneous targeting of BCR and JAK-STAT pathways is a more effective strategy relative to single BTK inhibition.
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Blunt MD, Koehrer S, Dobson RC, Larrayoz M, Wilmore S, Hayman A, Parnell J, Smith LD, Davies A, Johnson PWM, Conley PB, Pandey A, Strefford JC, Stevenson FK, Packham G, Forconi F, Coffey GP, Burger JA, Steele AJ. The Dual Syk/JAK Inhibitor Cerdulatinib Antagonizes B-cell Receptor and Microenvironmental Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2313-2324. [PMID: 27697994 PMCID: PMC5417366 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: B-cell receptor (BCR)-associated kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib, have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, these agents are not curative, and resistance is already emerging in a proportion of patients. IL4, expressed in CLL lymph nodes, can augment BCR signaling and reduce the effectiveness of BCR kinase inhibitors. Therefore, simultaneous targeting of the IL4- and BCR signaling pathways by cerdulatinib, a novel dual Syk/JAK inhibitor currently in clinical trials (NCT01994382), may improve treatment responses in patients.Experimental Design: PBMCs from patients with CLL were treated in vitro with cerdulatinib alone or in combination with venetoclax. Cell death, chemokine, and cell signaling assay were performed and analyzed by flow cytometry, immunoblotting, q-PCR, and ELISA as indicated.Results: At concentrations achievable in patients, cerdulatinib inhibited BCR- and IL4-induced downstream signaling in CLL cells using multiple readouts and prevented anti-IgM- and nurse-like cell (NLC)-mediated CCL3/CCL4 production. Cerdulatinib induced apoptosis of CLL cells, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and particularly in IGHV-unmutated samples with greater BCR signaling capacity and response to IL4, or samples expressing higher levels of sIgM, CD49d+, or ZAP70+ Cerdulatinib overcame anti-IgM, IL4/CD40L, or NLC-mediated protection by preventing upregulation of MCL-1 and BCL-XL; however, BCL-2 expression was unaffected. Furthermore, in samples treated with IL4/CD40L, cerdulatinib synergized with venetoclax in vitro to induce greater apoptosis than either drug alone.Conclusions: Cerdulatinib is a promising therapeutic for the treatment of CLL either alone or in combination with venetoclax, with the potential to target critical survival pathways in this currently incurable disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2313-24. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration & dosage
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Janus Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Janus Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Piperidines
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr/genetics
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
- Sulfones/administration & dosage
- Syk Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Blunt
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Koehrer
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel C Dobson
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Larrayoz
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wilmore
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Hayman
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Parnell
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay D Smith
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Davies
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W M Johnson
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anjali Pandey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Haematology Department at the University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Greg P Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences Unit (MP824), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Fan K, Dong G, Li B, Zhang W, Li J, Sheng C. Discovery of new Syk inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1776-1779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Balakrishnan K, Bojja K, Decker W, Keating MJ. Hide and Seek: The Game Between Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Cells and B Cell Receptor Signalling Inhibitors. EMJ 2017. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10310971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of B cell receptor (BCR) kinase inhibitors has recently changed the treatment landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The inhibitors that selectively target potential kinases downstream from BCR (particularly Bruton’s tyrosine kinase [BTK] and phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K]) have replaced conventional chemotherapy for high-risk CLL. Ibrutinib and idelalisib are the respective first-in-class BTK and PI3K-δ inhibitors that are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for CLL treatment, with promising second-generation molecules under development. Differing from idelalisib, duvelisib (IPI-145) inhibits both delta and gamma isoforms of PI3K. Kinase inhibitors have gained popularity in the clinic primarily due to their ability to induce remissions in the vast majority of patients, even in patients with high-risk disease features, without causing haematotoxicity. In particular, they interfere with the homing capabilities of CLL cells residing in their respective microenvironments and cause lymphocytosis via redistribution of tissue-resident CLL cells into the peripheral blood. Thereby, BCR inhibitors can seek out and target hiding CLL cells in the lymph node and marrow niches. In this review, we discuss laboratory and clinical aspects of the BCR inhibitors that have recently advanced the treatment of B cell malignancies, with a particular emphasis on CLL. Despite the excitement about this new class of compounds targeting BCR signalling, single agent therapy with kinase inhibitors has limitations, requiring continuous kinase suppression to maintain remissions, which generally are partial remissions, indicating that combination strategies will become important for moving the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Krishna Bojja
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Todaro M, Salvetti C, Boccadoro M, Coscia M. Magic pills: new oral drugs to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:411-425. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1293655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Blanco-Ania D, Heus R, Rutjes FPJT. Privileged heterocycles: bioactivity and synthesis of 1,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-containing compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017; 53:827-845. [PMID: 32214420 PMCID: PMC7088121 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biological activity and synthesis of 1,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes, including those ring-fused with arenes and heteroarenes and/or containing a carbonyl group at position 2. These compounds could be used for the treatment of obesity, pain, as well as various immune system, cell signaling, cardiovascular, and psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Heus
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6526 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Benkisser-Petersen M, Buchner M, Dörffel A, Dühren-von-Minden M, Claus R, Kläsener K, Leberecht K, Burger M, Dierks C, Jumaa H, Malavasi F, Reth M, Veelken H, Duyster J, Zirlik K. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Is Involved in the CD38 Signal Transduction Pathway in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169159. [PMID: 28036404 PMCID: PMC5201248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and proliferation of CLL cells depends on microenvironmental contacts in lymphoid organs. CD38 is a cell surface receptor that plays an important role in survival and proliferation signaling in CLL. In this study we demonstrate SYK's direct involvement in the CD38 signaling pathway in primary CLL samples. CD38 stimulation of CLL cells revealed SYK activation. SYK downstream target AKT was subsequently induced and MCL-1 expression was increased. Concomitant inhibition of SYK by the SYK inhibitor R406 resulted in reduced activation of AKT and prevented upregulation of MCL-1. Moreover, short-term CD38 stimulation enhanced BCR-signaling, as indicated by increased ERK phosphorylation. CXCL12-dependent migration was increased after CD38 stimulation. Treating CLL cells with R406 inhibited CD38-mediated migration. In addition, we observed marked downregulation of CD38 expression for CLL cells treated with R406 compared to vehicle control. Finally, we observed a clear correlation between CD38 expression on CLL cells and SYK-inhibitor efficacy. In conclusion, our study provides deeper mechanistic insight into the effect of SYK inhibition in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Benkisser-Petersen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Arlette Dörffel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kläsener
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leberecht
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Burger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Immunogenetics and CeRMS, University of Torino, and Transplant Immunology, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Zirlik
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell transplantation, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sivina M, Werner L, Rassenti L, Ferrajoli A, Wierda WG, Keating MJ, O'Brien S, Neuberg D, Kipps T, Burger JA. Dynamic changes in CCL3 and CCL4 plasma concentrations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia managed with observation. Br J Haematol 2016; 180:597-600. [PMID: 27766619 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lillian Werner
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Consortium, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Kipps
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Consortium, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Microenvironments within the lymph node and bone marrow promote proliferation and drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Successful treatment of CLL must therefore target the leukemic cells within these compartments. A better understanding of the interaction between CLL cells and the tumor microenvironment has led to the development of in vitro models that mimic the mechanisms that support leukemic cell survival and proliferation in vivo. Employing these models as part of the pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic agents enables a better approximation of their potential clinical efficacy. In this review we summarize the current literature describing how different aspects of the tumor microenvironment have been modeled in vitro and detail how these models have been employed to study the biology of the disease and potential efficacy of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Crassini
- a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Yandong Shen
- a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Stephen Mulligan
- a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,b Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium (CLLARC) , Australia
| | - O Giles Best
- a Northern Blood Research Centre , Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,b Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium (CLLARC) , Australia
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Coffey G, Rani A, Betz A, Pak Y, Haberstock-Debic H, Pandey A, Hollenbach S, Gretler DD, Mant T, Jurcevic S, Sinha U. PRT062607 Achieves Complete Inhibition of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase at Tolerated Exposures Following Oral Dosing in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:194-210. [PMID: 27406873 PMCID: PMC5248591 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) regulates immune cell activation in response to engagement of a variety of receptors, making it an intriguing target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders as well as certain B‐cell malignancies. We have previously reported on the discovery and preclinical characterization of PRT062607, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of SYK that exhibits robust anti‐inflammatory activity in a variety of animal models. Here we present data from our first human studies aimed at characterizing the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of PRT062607 in healthy volunteers following single and multiple oral administrations. PRT062607 demonstrated a favorable PK profile and the ability to completely inhibit SYK activity in multiple whole‐blood assays. The PD half‐life in the more sensitive assays was approximately 24 hours and returned to predose levels by 72 hours. Selectivity for SYK was observed at all dose levels tested. Analysis of the PK/PD relationship indicated an IC50 of 324 nM for inhibition of B‐cell antigen receptor‐mediated B‐cell activation and 205 nM for inhibition of FcεRI‐mediated basophil degranulation. PRT062607 was safe and well tolerated across the entire range of doses. Clinical PK/PD was related to in vivo anti‐inflammatory activity of PRT062607 in the rat collagen‐induced arthritis model, which predicts that therapeutic concentrations may be safely achieved in humans for the treatment of autoimmune disease. PRT062607 has a desirable PK profile and is capable of safely, potently, and selectively suppressing SYK kinase function in humans following once‐daily oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Coffey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andreas Betz
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Pak
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anjali Pandey
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Tim Mant
- Quintiles Drug Research Unit at Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Uma Sinha
- Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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44
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Ni B, Hu J, Chen D, Li L, Chen D, Wang J, Wang L. Alternative splicing of spleen tyrosine kinase differentially regulates colorectal cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1737-44. [PMID: 27602108 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has been reported as a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of alternative splicing of SYK in carcinogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, SYK isoforms were overexpressed in the human CRC HCT 116 cell line using lentiviral expression vectors to investigate the biological functions of full length SYK [SYK(L)] and short form SYK [SYK(S)] in CRC. Real-time cellular analysis and the 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine assay were used to detect the effects of SYK(L) and SYK(S) on cell proliferation. Cell cycle progression and migration were assessed via flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. The results revealed that the recombinant lentivirus with SYK(L) overexpression significantly suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, while SYK(S) overexpression did not. In addition, MTS assays demonstrated that SYK(L) and SYK(S) increased the cellular sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), suggesting that SYK(L) and 5-FU produce a significant synergistic effect on CRC cell proliferation, while SYK(S) has an effect on modulating CRC 5-FU sensitivity. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that SYK(L) was downregulated in 69% of 26 pairs of CRC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, whereas SYK(S) exhibited no significant differences between tumor and normal tissues. Overall, the present data provides evidence that SYK(L) is a tumor suppressor in CRC, and both SYK(L) and SYK(S) may serve as important predictors in the chemotherapeutic treatment of CRC.
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Köhrer S, Havranek O, Seyfried F, Hurtz C, Coffey GP, Kim E, Hacken ET, Jäger U, Vanura K, O’Brien S, Thomas DA, Kantarjian H, Ghosh D, Wang Z, Zhang M, Ma W, Jumaa H, Debatin KM, Müschen M, Meyer LH, Davis RE, Burger JA. Pre-BCR signaling in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia regulates PI3K/AKT, FOXO1 and MYC, and can be targeted by SYK inhibition. Leukemia 2016; 30:1246-54. [PMID: 26847027 PMCID: PMC5459356 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precursor-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) signaling and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) recently were introduced as therapeutic targets for patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), but the importance of this pathway in B-ALL subsets and mechanism of downstream signaling have not fully been elucidated. Here, we provide new detailed insight into the mechanism of pre-BCR signaling in B-ALL. We compared the effects of pharmacological and genetic disruption of pre-BCR signaling in vitro and in mouse models for B-ALL, demonstrating exquisite dependency of pre-BCR(+) B-ALL, but not other B-ALL subsets, on this signaling pathway. We demonstrate that SYK, PI3K/AKT, FOXO1 and MYC are important downstream mediators of pre-BCR signaling in B-ALL. Furthermore, we define a characteristic immune phenotype and gene expression signature of pre-BCR(+) ALL to distinguish them from other B-ALL subsets. These data provide comprehensive new insight into pre-BCR signaling in B-ALL and corroborate pre-BCR signaling and SYK as promising new therapeutic targets in pre-BCR(+) B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Köhrer
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Felix Seyfried
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Ekaterina Kim
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Elisa ten Hacken
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan O’Brien
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Deborah A. Thomas
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Ulm University, Department of Immunology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lüder H. Meyer
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - R. Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
| | - Jan A. Burger
- Department of Leukemia, Unit 428, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
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46
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Allen JC, Talab F, Slupsky JR. Targeting B-cell receptor signaling in leukemia and lymphoma: how and why? Int J Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:37-53. [PMID: 30302202 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocytes are dependent on B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling for the constant maintenance of their physiological function, and in many B-cell malignancies this signaling pathway is prone to aberrant activation. This understanding has led to an ever-increasing interest in the signaling networks activated following ligation of the BCR in both normal and malignant cells, and has been critical in establishing an array of small molecule inhibitors targeting BCR-induced signaling. By dissecting how different malignancies signal through BCR, researchers are contributing to the design of more customized therapeutics which have greater efficacy and lower toxicity than previous therapies. This allows clinicians access to an array of approaches to best treat patients whose malignancies have BCR signaling as a driver of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Allen
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.,Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Fatima Talab
- Redx Oncology Plc, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK.,Redx Oncology Plc, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Joseph R Slupsky
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.,Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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Shull AY, Noonepalle SK, Awan FT, Liu J, Pei L, Bollag RJ, Salman H, Ding Z, Shi H. RPPA-based protein profiling reveals eIF4G overexpression and 4E-BP1 serine 65 phosphorylation as molecular events that correspond with a pro-survival phenotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14632-45. [PMID: 25999352 PMCID: PMC4546493 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia, remains incurable despite advancements in treatment regimens over the past decade. Several expression profile studies have been pursued to better understand CLL pathogenesis. However, these large-scale studies only provide information at the transcriptional level. To better comprehend the differential protein changes that take place in CLL, we performed a reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis using 167 different antibodies on B-cell lysates from 18 CLL patients and 6 normal donors. From our analysis, we discovered an enrichment of protein alterations involved with mRNA translation, specifically upregulation of the translation initiator eIF4G and phosphorylation of the cap-dependent translation inhibitor 4E-BP1 at serine 65. Interestingly, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation occurred independently of AKT phosphorylation, suggesting a disconnect between PI3K/AKT pathway activation and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Based on these results, we treated primary CLL samples with NVP-BEZ235, a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, and compared its apoptotic-inducing potential against the BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib and the PI3Kδ inhibitor Idelalisib. We demonstrated that treatment with NVP-BEZ235 caused greater apoptosis, greater apoptotic cleavage of eIF4G, and greater dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in primary CLL cells. Taken together, these results highlight the potential dependence of eIF4G overexpression and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in CLL survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Farrukh T Awan
- The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jimei Liu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lirong Pei
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roni J Bollag
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pathology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huda Salman
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Deparment of Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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48
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Corso J, Pan KT, Walter R, Doebele C, Mohr S, Bohnenberger H, Ströbel P, Lenz C, Slabicki M, Hüllein J, Comoglio F, Rieger MA, Zenz T, Wienands J, Engelke M, Serve H, Urlaub H, Oellerich T. Elucidation of tonic and activated B-cell receptor signaling in Burkitt's lymphoma provides insights into regulation of cell survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:5688-93. [PMID: 27155012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601053113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly proliferative B-cell neoplasm and is treated with intensive chemotherapy that, because of its toxicity, is often not suitable for the elderly or for patients with endemic BL in developing countries. BL cell survival relies on signals transduced by B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs). However, tonic as well as activated BCR signaling networks and their relevance for targeted therapies in BL remain elusive. We have systematically characterized and compared tonic and activated BCR signaling in BL by quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify novel BCR effectors and potential drug targets. We identified and quantified ∼16,000 phospho-sites in BL cells. Among these sites, 909 were related to tonic BCR signaling, whereas 984 phospho-sites were regulated upon BCR engagement. The majority of the identified BCR signaling effectors have not been described in the context of B cells or lymphomas yet. Most of these newly identified BCR effectors are predicted to be involved in the regulation of kinases, transcription, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Although tonic and activated BCR signaling shared a considerable number of effector proteins, we identified distinct phosphorylation events in tonic BCR signaling. We investigated the functional relevance of some newly identified BCR effectors and show that ACTN4 and ARFGEF2, which have been described as regulators of membrane-trafficking and cytoskeleton-related processes, respectively, are crucial for BL cell survival. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive dataset for tonic and activated BCR signaling and identifies effector proteins that may be relevant for BL cell survival and thus may help to develop new BL treatments.
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Abstract
The B-cell receptor signaling pathway has emerged as an important therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell malignancies. Novel agents have been developed targeting the signaling enzymes spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta. This review discusses the rationale for targeting these enzymes, as well as the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting their role as therapeutic targets, with a particular focus on SYK inhibition with entospletinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Sharman
- Willamette Valley Cancer Institute and Research Center, US Oncology Research, 3377 Riverbend Drive, Suite 500, Springfield, OR 97477, USA
| | - Julie Di Paolo
- Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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50
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Choi MY, Kashyap MK, Kumar D. The chronic lymphocytic leukemia microenvironment: Beyond the B-cell receptor. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:40-53. [PMID: 27742071 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant B cells accumulate in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In the tissue compartments, CLL shape a protective microenvironment by coopting normal elements. The efficacy of drugs that target these interactions further underscores their importance in the pathogenesis of CLL. While the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway clearly plays a central role in the CLL microenvironment, there is also rationale to evaluate agents that inhibit other aspects or modulate the immune cells in the microenvironment. Here we review the main cellular components, soluble factors, and signaling pathways of the CLL microenvironment, and highlight recent clinical advances. As the BCR pathway is reviewed elsewhere, we focus on other aspects of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Choi
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD-Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92093-0820, CA, USA.
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD-Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92093-0820, CA, USA.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Moores Cancer Center, UCSD-Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, 92093-0820, CA, USA.
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