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Chen P, Gal-Yam A, Sollerman J, Schulze S, Post RS, Liu C, Ofek EO, Das KK, Fremling C, Horesh A, Katz B, Kushnir D, Kasliwal MM, Kulkarni SR, Liu D, Liu X, Miller AA, Rose K, Waxman E, Yang S, Yao Y, Zackay B, Bellm EC, Dekany R, Drake AJ, Fang Y, Fynbo JPU, Groom SL, Helou G, Irani I, Jegou du Laz T, Liu X, Mazzali PA, Neill JD, Qin YJ, Riddle RL, Sharon A, Strotjohann NL, Wold A, Yan L. A 12.4-day periodicity in a close binary system after a supernova. Nature 2024; 625:253-258. [PMID: 38200292 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes are the remnants of massive star explosions1. Most massive stars reside in close binary systems2, and the interplay between the companion star and the newly formed compact object has been theoretically explored3, but signatures for binarity or evidence for the formation of a compact object during a supernova explosion are still lacking. Here we report a stripped-envelope supernova, SN 2022jli, which shows 12.4-day periodic undulations during the declining light curve. Narrow Hα emission is detected in late-time spectra with concordant periodic velocity shifts, probably arising from hydrogen gas stripped from a companion and accreted onto the compact remnant. A new Fermi-LAT γ-ray source is temporally and positionally consistent with SN 2022jli. The observed properties of SN 2022jli, including periodic undulations in the optical light curve, coherent Hα emission shifting and evidence for association with a γ-ray source, point to the explosion of a massive star in a binary system leaving behind a bound compact remnant. Mass accretion from the companion star onto the compact object powers the light curve of the supernova and generates the γ-ray emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Avishay Gal-Yam
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jesper Sollerman
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Schulze
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Eran O Ofek
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kaustav K Das
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Christoffer Fremling
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Assaf Horesh
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Katz
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Doron Kushnir
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mansi M Kasliwal
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shri R Kulkarni
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dezi Liu
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Liu
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam A Miller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kovi Rose
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eli Waxman
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sheng Yang
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Yao
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Barak Zackay
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric C Bellm
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Dekany
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Drake
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Fang
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Johan P U Fynbo
- The Cosmic DAWN Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven L Groom
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - George Helou
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ido Irani
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Theophile Jegou du Laz
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Paolo A Mazzali
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching, Germany
| | - James D Neill
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Jing Qin
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Reed L Riddle
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Amir Sharon
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nora L Strotjohann
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avery Wold
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lin Yan
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Marchant P, Renzo M, Farmer R, Pappas KMW, Taam RE, de Mink SE, Kalogera V. Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae in Very Close Binaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 882:36. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schneider FRN, Sana H, Evans CJ, Bestenlehner JM, Castro N, Fossati L, Gräfener G, Langer N, Ramírez-Agudelo OH, Sabín-Sanjulián C, Simón-Díaz S, Tramper F, Crowther PA, de Koter A, de Mink SE, Dufton PL, Garcia M, Gieles M, Hénault-Brunet V, Herrero A, Izzard RG, Kalari V, Lennon DJ, Maíz Apellániz J, Markova N, Najarro F, Podsiadlowski P, Puls J, Taylor WD, van Loon JT, Vink JS, Norman C. An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst. Science 2018; 359:69-71. [PMID: 29302009 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The 30 Doradus star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud is a nearby analog of large star-formation events in the distant universe. We determined the recent formation history and the initial mass function (IMF) of massive stars in 30 Doradus on the basis of spectroscopic observations of 247 stars more massive than 15 solar masses ([Formula: see text]). The main episode of massive star formation began about 8 million years (My) ago, and the star-formation rate seems to have declined in the last 1 My. The IMF is densely sampled up to 200 [Formula: see text] and contains 32 ± 12% more stars above 30 [Formula: see text] than predicted by a standard Salpeter IMF. In the mass range of 15 to 200 [Formula: see text], the IMF power-law exponent is [Formula: see text], shallower than the Salpeter value of 2.35.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R N Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - H Sana
- Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C J Evans
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J M Bestenlehner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - N Castro
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Fossati
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
| | - G Gräfener
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Langer
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - O H Ramírez-Agudelo
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - C Sabín-Sanjulián
- Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Juan Cisternas no. 1200 Norte, La Serena, Chile
| | - S Simón-Díaz
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - F Tramper
- European Space Astronomy Centre, Mission Operations Division, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - P A Crowther
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - A de Koter
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam University, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S E de Mink
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam University, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P L Dufton
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Garcia
- Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Torrejón a Ajalvir km-4, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gieles
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - V Hénault-Brunet
- National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia V9E 2E7, Canada.,Department of Astrophysics/Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A Herrero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R G Izzard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.,Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - V Kalari
- Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Casilla 36-D, Chile
| | - D J Lennon
- European Space Astronomy Centre, Mission Operations Division, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Maíz Apellániz
- Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, European Space Astronomy Centre campus, camino bajo del castillo s/n, E-28 692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - N Markova
- Institute of Astronomy with National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 136, 4700 Smoljan, Bulgaria
| | - F Najarro
- Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Torrejón a Ajalvir km-4, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ph Podsiadlowski
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.,Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Puls
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Universitätssternwarte, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
| | - W D Taylor
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J Th van Loon
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - J S Vink
- Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C Norman
- Johns Hopkins University, Homewood Campus, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Nicholl M, Guillochon J, Berger E. The Magnetar Model for Type I Superluminous Supernovae. I. Bayesian Analysis of the Full Multicolor Light-curve Sample with MOSFiT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 850:55. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Siebert MR, Foley RJ, Drout MR, Kilpatrick CD, Shappee BJ, Coulter DA, Kasen D, Madore BF, Murguia-berthier A, Pan Y, Piro AL, Prochaska JX, Ramirez-ruiz E, Rest A, Contreras C, Morrell N, Rojas-bravo C, Simon JD. The Unprecedented Properties of the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational-wave Source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 848:L26. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa905e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nicholl M, Smartt SJ, Jerkstrand A, Sim SA, Inserra C, Anderson JP, Baltay C, Benetti S, Chambers K, Chen TW, Elias-Rosa N, Feindt U, Flewelling HA, Fraser M, Gal-Yam A, Galbany L, Huber ME, Kangas T, Kankare E, Kotak R, Krühler T, Maguire K, McKinnon R, Rabinowitz D, Rostami S, Schulze S, Smith KW, Sullivan M, Tonry JL, Valenti S, Young DR. LSQ14bdq: A TYPE Ic SUPER-LUMINOUS SUPERNOVA WITH A DOUBLE-PEAKED LIGHT CURVE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/l18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lunnan R, Chornock R, Berger E, Rest A, Fong W, Scolnic D, Jones DO, Soderberg AM, Challis PM, Drout MR, Foley RJ, Huber ME, Kirshner RP, Leibler C, Marion GH, McCrum M, Milisavljevic D, Narayan G, Sanders NE, Smartt SJ, Smith KW, Tonry JL, Burgett WS, Chambers KC, Flewelling H, Kudritzki RP, Wainscoat RJ, Waters C. ZOOMING IN ON THE PROGENITORS OF SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE WITH THEHST. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/804/2/90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Vinkó J, Yuan F, Quimby RM, Wheeler JC, Ramirez-Ruiz E, Guillochon J, Chatzopoulos E, Marion GH, Akerlof C. A LUMINOUS, FAST RISING UV-TRANSIENT DISCOVERED BY ROTSE: A TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENT? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/798/1/12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vreeswijk PM, Savaglio S, Gal-Yam A, De Cia A, Quimby RM, Sullivan M, Cenko SB, Perley DA, Filippenko AV, Clubb KI, Taddia F, Sollerman J, Leloudas G, Arcavi I, Rubin A, Kasliwal MM, Cao Y, Yaron O, Tal D, Ofek EO, Capone J, Kutyrev AS, Toy V, Nugent PE, Laher R, Surace J, Kulkarni SR. THE HYDROGEN-POOR SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA iPTF 13ajg AND ITS HOST GALAXY IN ABSORPTION AND EMISSION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/797/1/24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Bromm
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Nicholl M, Smartt SJ, Jerkstrand A, Inserra C, McCrum M, Kotak R, Fraser M, Wright D, Chen TW, Smith K, Young DR, Sim SA, Valenti S, Howell DA, Bresolin F, Kudritzki RP, Tonry JL, Huber ME, Rest A, Pastorello A, Tomasella L, Cappellaro E, Benetti S, Mattila S, Kankare E, Kangas T, Leloudas G, Sollerman J, Taddia F, Berger E, Chornock R, Narayan G, Stubbs CW, Foley RJ, Lunnan R, Soderberg A, Sanders N, Milisavljevic D, Margutti R, Kirshner RP, Elias-Rosa N, Morales-Garoffolo A, Taubenberger S, Botticella MT, Gezari S, Urata Y, Rodney S, Riess AG, Scolnic D, Wood-Vasey WM, Burgett WS, Chambers K, Flewelling HA, Magnier EA, Kaiser N, Metcalfe N, Morgan J, Price PA, Sweeney W, Waters C. Slowly fading super-luminous supernovae that are not pair-instability explosions. Nature 2013; 502:346-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cooke J, Sullivan M, Gal-Yam A, Barton EJ, Carlberg RG, Ryan-Weber EV, Horst C, Omori Y, Díaz CG. Superluminous supernovae at redshifts of 2.05 and 3.90. Nature 2012; 491:228-31. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Gal-Yam
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a ubiquitous feature of the Cosmos, from exogenous cosmic rays (CR) to the intrinsic mineral radioactivity of a habitable world, and its influences on the emergence and persistence of life are wide-ranging and profound. Much attention has already been focused on the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on organisms and the complex molecules of life, but ionizing radiation also performs many crucial functions in the generation of habitable planetary environments and the origins of life. This review surveys the role of CR and mineral radioactivity in star formation, generation of biogenic elements, and the synthesis of organic molecules and driving of prebiotic chemistry. Another major theme is the multiple layers of shielding of planetary surfaces from the flux of cosmic radiation and the various effects on a biosphere of violent but rare astrophysical events such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts. The influences of CR can also be duplicitous, such as limiting the survival of surface life on Mars while potentially supporting a subsurface biosphere in the ocean of Europa. This review highlights the common thread that ionizing radiation forms between the disparate component disciplines of astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Dartnell
- UCL Institute for Origins, University College London, London, UK.
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Quimby RM, Kulkarni SR, Kasliwal MM, Gal-yam A, Arcavi I, Sullivan M, Nugent P, Thomas R, Howell DA, Nakar E, Bildsten L, Theissen C, Law NM, Dekany R, Rahmer G, Hale D, Smith R, Ofek EO, Zolkower J, Velur V, Walters R, Henning J, Bui K, Mckenna D, Poznanski D, Cenko SB, Levitan D. Hydrogen-poor superluminous stellar explosions. Nature 2011; 474:487-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Precision measurements of chemical processes are providing a clearer picture of how the universe evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Bromm
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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20
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21
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Brumfiel G. Astronomers witness biggest star explosion. Nature 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/news.2009.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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