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Bierhansl L, Gola L, Narayanan V, Dik A, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Kovac S. Neuronal Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) Deficiency Is Neuroprotective in Hyperexcitability by Modulation of Metabolic Pathways and ROS Balance. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04148-x. [PMID: 38652352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. Common epileptic drugs generally affect ion channels or neurotransmitters and prevent the emergence of seizures. However, up to a third of the patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that go beyond acute antiepileptic (antiseizure) therapies towards therapeutics that also might have effects on chronic epilepsy comorbidities such as cognitive decline and depression. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transport through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Ca2+ influx is essential for mitochondrial functions, but longer elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels are closely associated with seizure-induced neuronal damage, which are underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline and depression. Using neuronal-specific MCU knockout mice (MCU-/-ΔN), we demonstrate that neuronal MCU deficiency reduced hippocampal excitability in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro analyses of hippocampal glioneuronal cells reveal no change in total Ca2+ levels but differences in intracellular Ca2+ handling. MCU-/-ΔN reduces ROS production, declines metabolic fluxes, and consequently prevents glioneuronal cell death. This effect was also observed under pathological conditions, such as the low magnesium culture model of seizure-like activity or excitotoxic glutamate stimulation, whereby MCU-/-ΔN reduces ROS levels and suppresses Ca2+ overload seen in WT cells. This study highlights the importance of MCU at the interface of Ca2+ handling and metabolism as a mediator of stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction, which indicates the modulation of MCU as a potential target for future antiepileptogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andre Dik
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Ghosheh M, Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Ayyash M, Goldfracht I, Cohen M, Fischer A, Mintz Y, Gepstein L, Nahmias Y. Electro-metabolic coupling in multi-chambered vascularized human cardiac organoids. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1493-1513. [PMID: 37550423 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of cardiac physiology is hindered by physiological differences between humans and small-animal models. Here we report the generation of multi-chambered self-paced vascularized human cardiac organoids formed under anisotropic stress and their applicability to the study of cardiac arrhythmia. Sensors embedded in the cardiac organoids enabled the simultaneous measurement of oxygen uptake, extracellular field potentials and cardiac contraction at resolutions higher than 10 Hz. This microphysiological system revealed 1 Hz cardiac respiratory cycles that are coupled to the electrical rather than the mechanical activity of cardiomyocytes. This electro-mitochondrial coupling was driven by mitochondrial calcium oscillations driving respiration cycles. Pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of this coupling results in arrhythmogenic behaviour. We show that the chemotherapeutic mitoxantrone induces arrhythmia through disruption of this pathway, a process that can be partially reversed by the co-administration of metformin. Our microphysiological cardiac systems may further facilitate the study of the mitochondrial dynamics of cardiac rhythms and advance our understanding of human cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghosheh
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avner Ehrlich
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneef Ayyash
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Mintz
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Gepstein
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Wu Y, Wang Q, Granger J, Gaido OR, Aguilar EN, Ludwig A, Moroni A, Bianchet MA, Anderson ME. HCN channels sense temperature and determine heart rate responses to heat. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.02.556046. [PMID: 37693513 PMCID: PMC10491304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.556046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate increases with heat, [1-3] constituting a fundamental physiological relationship in vertebrates. Each normal heartbeat is initiated by an action potential generated in a sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are enriched with hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCN) that deliver cell membrane depolarizing inward current that triggers action potentials. HCN channel current increases due to cAMP binding, a mechanism coupling adrenergic tone to physiological 'fight or flight' heart rate acceleration. However, the mechanism(s) for heart rate response to thermal energy is unknown. We used thermodynamical and homology computational modeling, site-directed mutagenesis and mouse models to identify a concise motif on the S4-S5 linker of the cardiac pacemaker HCN4 channels (M407/Y409) that determines HCN4 current (If) and cardiac pacemaker cell responses to heat. This motif is required for heat sensing in cardiac pacemaker cells and in isolated hearts. In contrast, the cyclic nucleotide binding domain is not required for heat induced HCN4 current increases. However, a loss of function M407/Y409 motif mutation prevented normal heat and cAMP responses, suggesting that heat sensing machinery is essential for operating the cAMP allosteric pathway and is central to HCN4 modulation. The M407/Y409 motif is conserved across all HCN family members suggesting that HCN channels participate broadly in coupling heat to changes in cell membrane excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Granger
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Nunez Aguilar
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario A Bianchet
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine and Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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D’Angelo D, Rizzuto R. The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU): Molecular Identity and Role in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1304. [PMID: 37759703 PMCID: PMC10526485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions act as a second messenger, regulating several cell functions. Mitochondria are critical organelles for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. Mitochondrial calcium (mtCa2+) uptake is ensured by the presence in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, a macromolecular structure composed of pore-forming and regulatory subunits. MtCa2+ uptake plays a crucial role in the regulation of oxidative metabolism and cell death. A lot of evidence demonstrates that the dysregulation of mtCa2+ homeostasis can have serious pathological outcomes. In this review, we briefly discuss the molecular structure and the function of the MCU complex and then we focus our attention on human diseases in which a dysfunction in mtCa2+ has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- National Center on Gene Therapy and RNA-Based Drugs, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Dehghanian Reyhan V, Ghafouri F, Sadeghi M, Miraei-Ashtiani SR, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW, Shirali M. Integrated Comparative Transcriptome and circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA Regulatory Network Analyses Identify Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Intramuscular Fat Content in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2598. [PMID: 37627391 PMCID: PMC10451991 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content (IMF), one of the most important carcass traits in beef cattle, is controlled by complex regulatory factors. At present, molecular mechanisms involved in regulating IMF and fat metabolism in beef cattle are not well understood. Our objective was to integrate comparative transcriptomic and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses to identify candidate messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and regulatory RNAs involved in molecular regulation of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) tissue for IMF and fat metabolism of 5 beef cattle breeds (Angus, Chinese Simmental, Luxi, Nanyang, and Shandong Black). In total, 34 circRNAs, 57 lncRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 374 mRNAs were identified by integrating gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Furthermore, 7 key subnets with 16 circRNAs, 43 lncRNAs, 7 miRNAs, and 237 mRNAs were detected through clustering analyses, whereas GO enrichment analysis of identified RNAs revealed 48, 13, and 28 significantly enriched GO terms related to IMF in biological process, molecular function, and cellular component categories, respectively. The main metabolic-signaling pathways associated with IMF and fat metabolism that were enriched included metabolic, calcium, cGMP-PKG, thyroid hormone, and oxytocin signaling pathways. Moreover, MCU, CYB5R1, and BAG3 genes were common among the 10 comparative groups defined as important candidate marker genes for fat metabolism in beef cattle. Contributions of transcriptome profiles from various beef breeds and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network underlying phenotypic differences in IMF provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms associated with meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Dehghanian Reyhan
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - Farzad Ghafouri
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - Seyed Reza Miraei-Ashtiani
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (V.D.R.); (F.G.); (S.R.M.-A.)
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (J.P.K.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (J.P.K.); (H.W.B.)
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough BT26 6DR, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AJ, UK
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Murphy E, Liu JC. Mitochondrial calcium and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1105-1116. [PMID: 35986915 PMCID: PMC10411964 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are one of the most mitochondria-rich cell types in the body, with ∼30-40% of the cell volume being composed of mitochondria. Mitochondria are well established as the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a beating cardiomyocyte, generating up to 90% of its ATP. Mitochondria have many functions in the cell, which could contribute to susceptibility to and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria are key players in cell metabolism, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in many of these pathways, and thus the dynamics of mitochondrial Ca2+ are important in regulating mitochondrial processes. Alterations in these varied and in many cases interrelated functions play an important role in CVD. This review will focus on the interrelationship of mitochondrial energetics, Ca2+, and ROS and their roles in CVD. Recent insights into the regulation and dysregulation of these pathways have led to some novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia C Liu
- NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Lambert JP, Mangold AS, Murray EK, Hildebrand AN, Jadiya P, Elrod JW. MCU gain- and loss-of-function models define the duality of mitochondrial calcium uptake in heart failure. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.17.537222. [PMID: 37131819 PMCID: PMC10153142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.537222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) stimulates metabolism to meet acute increases in cardiac energy demand. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake during stress, as in ischemia-reperfusion, initiates permeability transition and cell death. Despite these often-reported acute physiological and pathological effects, a major unresolved controversy is whether mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake and long-term elevation of cardiomyocyte mCa2+ contributes to the heart's adaptation during sustained increases in workload. Objective We tested the hypothesis that mtCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake contributes to cardiac adaptation and ventricular remodeling during sustained catecholaminergic stress. Methods Mice with tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific gain (αMHC-MCM × flox-stop-MCU; MCU-Tg) or loss (αMHC-MCM × Mcufl/fl; Mcu-cKO) of mtCU function received 2-wk catecholamine infusion. Results Cardiac contractility increased after 2d of isoproterenol in control, but not Mcu-cKO mice. Contractility declined and cardiac hypertrophy increased after 1-2-wk of isoproterenol in MCU-Tg mice. MCU-Tg cardiomyocytes displayed increased sensitivity to Ca2+- and isoproterenol-induced necrosis. However, loss of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulator cyclophilin D failed to attenuate contractile dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling, and increased isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte death in MCU-Tg mice. Conclusions mtCU mCa2+ uptake is required for early contractile responses to adrenergic signaling, even those occurring over several days. Under sustained adrenergic load excessive MCU-dependent mCa2+ uptake drives cardiomyocyte dropout, perhaps independent of classical mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and compromises contractile function. These findings suggest divergent consequences for acute versus sustained mCa2+ loading, and support distinct functional roles for the mPTP in settings of acute mCa2+ overload versus persistent mCa2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy S. Luongo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam S. Mangold
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma K. Murray
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alycia N. Hildebrand
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pan D, Xu L, Shi D, Guo M. Knowledge mapping of mitochondrial calcium uniporter from 2011 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1107328. [PMID: 36744031 PMCID: PMC9895098 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1107328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Calcium uptake research has a long history. However, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) protein was first discovered in 2011. As investigations of mitochondrial calcium uniporter represent a new research hotspot, a comprehensive and objective perspective of the field is lacking. Hence, this bibliometric analysis aimed to provide the current study status and trends related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter research in the past decade. Methods: Articles were acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We quantified and visualized information regarding annual publications, journals, cocited journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and cocited authors by using CiteSpace 5.8. R3 and VOSviewer. In addition, we analysed the citation and keyword bursts related to mitochondrial calcium uniporter studies. Results: From 2011 to 2022, 1,030 articles were published by 5,050 authors from 1,145 affiliations and 62 countries or regions. The country with the most published articles was the United States. The institution with the most published articles was the University of Padua. Rosario Rizzuto published the most articles and was also the most cocited author. Cell Calcium published the largest number of articles, whereas Journal of Biological Chemistry had the most cocitations. The top 5 keywords related to pathological processes were oxidative stress, cell death, permeability transition, apoptosis, and metabolism. MICU1, calcium, ryanodine receptor, ATP synthase and cyclophilin D were the top 5 keywords related to molecules. Conclusion: mitochondrial calcium uniporter research has grown stably over the last decade. Current studies focus on the structure of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex and its regulatory effect on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. In addition, the potential role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter in different diseases has been explored. Current studies mostly involve investigations of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Our analysis provides guidance and new insights into further mitochondrial calcium uniporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Gynecological Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhuo Shi, ; Ming Guo,
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Tsai CW, Rodriguez MX, Van Keuren AM, Phillips CB, Shushunov HM, Lee JE, Garcia AM, Ambardekar AV, Cleveland JC, Reisz JA, Proenza C, Chatfield KC, Tsai MF. Mechanisms and significance of tissue-specific MICU regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3661-3676.e8. [PMID: 36206740 PMCID: PMC9557913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, regulates oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Previous studies suggest that non-neuronal uniporters are exclusively regulated by a MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer. Here, we show that skeletal-muscle and kidney uniporters also complex with a MICU1-MICU1 homodimer and that human/mouse cardiac uniporters are largely devoid of MICUs. Cells employ protein-importation machineries to fine-tune the relative abundance of MICU1 homo- and heterodimers and utilize a conserved MICU intersubunit disulfide to protect properly assembled dimers from proteolysis by YME1L1. Using the MICU1 homodimer or removing MICU1 allows mitochondria to more readily take up Ca2+ so that cells can produce more ATP in response to intracellular Ca2+ transients. However, the trade-off is elevated ROS, impaired basal metabolism, and higher susceptibility to death. These results provide mechanistic insights into how tissues can manipulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake properties to support their unique physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison X Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anna M Van Keuren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Charles B Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah M Shushunov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica E Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anastacia M Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ming-Feng Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Zampese E, Wokosin DL, Gonzalez-Rodriguez P, Guzman JN, Tkatch T, Kondapalli J, Surmeier WC, D’Alessandro KB, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Iino M, Molkentin JD, Chandel NS, Schumacker PT, Surmeier DJ. Ca 2+ channels couple spiking to mitochondrial metabolism in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabp8701. [PMID: 36179023 PMCID: PMC9524841 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this coupling is still poorly understood, particularly in neurons that are tonically active. To help fill this gap, pacemaking substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons were studied using a combination of optical, electrophysiological, and molecular approaches. In these neurons, spike-activated calcium (Ca2+) entry through Cav1 channels triggered Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, which stimulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through two complementary Ca2+-dependent mechanisms: one mediated by the mitochondrial uniporter and another by the malate-aspartate shuttle. Disrupting either mechanism impaired the ability of dopaminergic neurons to sustain spike activity. While this feedforward control helps dopaminergic neurons meet the bioenergetic demands associated with sustained spiking, it is also responsible for their elevated oxidant stress and possibly to their decline with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zampese
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - David L. Wokosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jaime N. Guzman
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Tatiana Tkatch
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jyothisri Kondapalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - William C. Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Karis B. D’Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Diego De Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D. James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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11
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Groten CJ, MacVicar BA. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake by the MCU facilitates pyramidal neuron excitability and metabolism during action potential firing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:900. [PMID: 36056095 PMCID: PMC9440007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activation is fundamental to information processing by the brain and requires mitochondrial energy metabolism. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) has long been implicated in the control of energy metabolism and intracellular Ca2+ signalling, but its importance to neuronal function in the brain remains unclear. Here, we used in situ electrophysiology and two-photon imaging of mitochondrial Ca2+, cytosolic Ca2+, and NAD(P)H to test the relevance of MCU activation to pyramidal neuron Ca2+ signalling and energy metabolism during action potential firing. We demonstrate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by the MCU is tuned to enhanced firing rate and the strength of this relationship varied between neurons of discrete brain regions. MCU activation promoted electron transport chain activity and chemical reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Moreover, Ca2+ buffering by mitochondria attenuated cytosolic Ca2+ signals and thereby reduced the coupling between activity and the slow afterhyperpolarization, a ubiquitous regulator of excitability. Collectively, we demonstrate that the MCU is engaged by accelerated spike frequency to facilitate neuronal activity through simultaneous control of energy metabolism and excitability. As such, the MCU is situated to promote brain functions associated with high frequency signalling and may represent a target for controlling excessive neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Groten
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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12
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Jadiya P, Hildebrand AN, Kolmetzky DW, Mangold AS, Roy R, Ibetti J, Nwokedi M, Koch WJ, Elrod JW. Enhanced NCLX-dependent mitochondrial Ca(2+) efflux attenuates pathological remodeling in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:52-66. [PMID: 35358843 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake couples changes in cardiomyocyte energetic demand to mitochondrial ATP production. However, excessive mCa2+ uptake triggers permeability transition and necrosis. Despite these established roles during acute stress, the involvement of mCa2+ signaling in cardiac adaptations to chronic stress remains poorly defined. Changes in NCLX expression are reported in heart failure (HF) patients and models of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we hypothesized that altered mCa2+ homeostasis contributes to the hypertrophic remodeling of the myocardium that occurs upon a sustained increase in cardiac workload. The impact of mCa2+ flux on cardiac function and remodeling was examined by subjecting mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression (OE) of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), the primary mediator of mCa2+ efflux, to several well-established models of hypertrophic and non-ischemic HF. Cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE preserved contractile function, prevented hypertrophy and fibrosis, and attenuated maladaptive gene programs in mice subjected to chronic pressure overload. Hypertrophy was attenuated in NCLX-OE mice, prior to any decline in cardiac contractility. NCLX-OE similarly attenuated deleterious cardiac remodeling in mice subjected to chronic neurohormonal stimulation. However, cardiomyocyte NCLX-OE unexpectedly reduced overall survival in mice subjected to severe neurohormonal stress with angiotensin II + phenylephrine. Adenoviral NCLX expression limited mCa2+ accumulation, oxidative metabolism, and de novo protein synthesis during hypertrophic stimulation of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Our findings provide genetic evidence for the contribution of mCa2+ to early pathological remodeling in non-ischemic heart disease, but also highlight a deleterious consequence of increasing mCa2+ efflux when the heart is subjected to extreme, sustained neurohormonal stress.
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13
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal calcium signaling between organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria and lysosomes is a key feature of heart diseases. Calcium serves as a secondary messenger mediating inter-organellar crosstalk, essential for maintaining the cardiomyocyte function. AREAS COVERED This article examines the available literature related to calcium channels and transporters involved in inter-organellar calcium signaling. The SR calcium-release channels ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calcium-transporter SR/ER-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) are illuminated. The roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), the mitochondria Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC), and the lysosomal H+/Ca2+ exchanger, two pore channels (TPC), and transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) are discussed. Furthermore, recent studies showing calcium-mediated crosstalk between the SR, mitochondria, and lysosomes as well as how this crosstalk is dysregulated in cardiac diseases are placed under the spotlight. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced SR calcium release via RyR2 and reduced SR reuptake via SERCA2a, increased VDAC and MCUC-mediated calcium uptake into mitochondria, and enhanced lysosomal calcium-release via lysosomal TPC and TRPML may all contribute to aberrant calcium homeostasis causing heart disease. While mechanisms of this crosstalk need to be studied further, interventions targeting these calcium channels or combinations thereof might represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Jason Karch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Huffington Center on Aging
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
- Dept. of Medicine (Cardiology)
- Dept. of Neuroscience
- Dept. of Pediatrics (Cardiology)
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14
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Rossi D, Pierantozzi E, Amadsun DO, Buonocore S, Rubino EM, Sorrentino V. The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Labyrinth of Membrane Contact Sites. Biomolecules 2022; 12:488. [PMID: 35454077 PMCID: PMC9026860 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells is a highly ordered structure consisting of an intricate network of tubules and cisternae specialized for regulating Ca2+ homeostasis in the context of muscle contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum contains several proteins, some of which support Ca2+ storage and release, while others regulate the formation and maintenance of this highly convoluted organelle and mediate the interaction with other components of the muscle fiber. In this review, some of the main issues concerning the biology of the sarcoplasmic reticulum will be described and discussed; particular attention will be addressed to the structure and function of the two domains of the sarcoplasmic reticulum supporting the excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+-uptake mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (D.O.A.); (S.B.); (E.M.R.); (V.S.)
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15
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Wang P, Xu S, Xu J, Xin Y, Lu Y, Zhang H, Zhou B, Xu H, Sheu SS, Tian R, Wang W. Elevated MCU Expression by CaMKIIδB Limits Pathological Cardiac Remodeling. Circulation 2022; 145:1067-1083. [PMID: 35167328 PMCID: PMC8983595 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. Impaired Ca2+ homeostasis damages mitochondria, causing cardiomyocyte death, pathological hypertrophy, and heart failure. This study investigates the regulation and the role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in chronic stress-induced pathological cardiac remodeling. Methods: MCU knockout or transgenic mice were infused with isoproterenol (ISO, 10 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks). Cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling were evaluated by echocardiography and histology. Primary cultured rodent adult cardiomyocytes were treated with ISO (1 nM, 48 hr). Intracellular Ca2+ handling and cell death pathways were monitored. Adenovirus-mediated gene manipulations were used in vitro. Results: Chronic administration of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist ISO increased the levels of the MCU and the MCU complex in cardiac mitochondria, raising mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, in vivo and in vitro. ISO also upregulated MCU without affecting its regulatory proteins in adult cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte death were exacerbated in global MCU knockout (KO) mice. Cardiomyocytes from KO mice or mice overexpressing a dominant negative MCU exhibited defective intracellular Ca2+ handling and activation of multiple cell death pathways. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of MCU maintained intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and contractility, suppressed cell death, and prevented ISO-induced heart hypertrophy. ISO upregulated MCU expression through activation of Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II δB (CaMKIIδB) and promotion of its nuclear translocation via calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation at serine 332. Nuclear CaMKIIδB phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), which bound the MCU promotor to enhance MCU gene transcription. Conclusions: The β-AR/CaMKIIδB/CREB pathway upregulates MCU gene expression in the heart. MCU upregulation is a compensatory mechanism that counteracts stress-induced pathological cardiac remodeling by preserving Ca2+ homeostasis and cardiomyocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jiqian Xu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Haodong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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16
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Morciano G, Rimessi A, Patergnani S, Vitto VAM, Danese A, Kahsay A, Palumbo L, Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Calcium dysregulation in heart diseases: Targeting calcium channels to achieve a correct calcium homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106119. [PMID: 35131483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling is a universal language source shared by the most part of biological entities inside cells that, all together, give rise to physiological and functional anatomical units, the organ. Although preferentially recognized as signaling between cell life and death processes, in the heart it assumes additional relevance considered the importance of calcium cycling coupled to ATP consumption in excitation-contraction coupling. The concerted action of a plethora of exchangers, channels and pumps inward and outward calcium fluxes where needed, to convert energy and electric impulses in muscle contraction. All this without realizing it, thousands of times, every day. An improper function of those proteins (i.e., variation in expression, mutations onset, dysregulated channeling, differential protein-protein interactions) being part of this signaling network triggers a short circuit with severe acute and chronic pathological consequences reported as arrhythmias, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathies. By acting with chemical, peptide-based and pharmacological modulators of these players, a correction of calcium homeostasis can be achieved accompanied by an amelioration of clinical symptoms. This review will focus on all those defects in calcium homeostasis which occur in the most common cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiomyopathies. This part will be introduced by the state of the art on the proteins involved in calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes and followed by the therapeutic treatments that to date, are able to target them and to revert the pathological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica A M Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Asrat Kahsay
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
Mitochondria have been recognized as key organelles in cardiac physiology and are potential targets for clinical interventions to improve cardiac function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been accepted as a major contributor to the development of heart failure. The main function of mitochondria is to meet the high energy demands of the heart by oxidative metabolism. Ionic homeostasis in mitochondria directly regulates oxidative metabolism, and any disruption in ionic homeostasis causes mitochondrial dysfunction and eventually contractile failure. The mitochondrial ionic homeostasis is closely coupled with inner mitochondrial membrane potential. To regulate and maintain ionic homeostasis, mitochondrial membranes are equipped with ion transporting proteins. Ion transport mechanisms involving several different ion channels and transporters are highly efficient and dynamic, thus helping to maintain the ionic homeostasis of ions as well as their salts present in the mitochondrial matrix. In recent years, several novel proteins have been identified on the mitochondrial membranes and these proteins are actively being pursued in research for roles in the organ as well as organelle physiology. In this article, the role of mitochondrial ion channels in cardiac function is reviewed. In recent times, the major focus of the mitochondrial ion channel field is to establish molecular identities as well as assigning specific functions to them. Given the diversity of mitochondrial ion channels and their unique roles in cardiac function, they present novel and viable therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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18
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Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport, and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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19
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Hamilton S, Terentyeva R, Perger F, Hernández Orengo B, Martin B, Gorr MW, Belevych AE, Clements RT, Györke S, Terentyev D. MCU overexpression evokes disparate dose-dependent effects on mito-ROS and spontaneous Ca 2+ release in hypertrophic rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H615-H632. [PMID: 34415186 PMCID: PMC8794228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00126.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with aberrant intracellular Ca2+ handling and impaired mitochondrial function accompanied with reduced mitochondrial calcium concentration (mito-[Ca2+]). Pharmacological or genetic facilitation of mito-Ca2+ uptake was shown to restore Ca2+ transient amplitude in DCM and HF, improving contractility. However, recent reports suggest that pharmacological enhancement of mito-Ca2+ uptake can exacerbate ryanodine receptor-mediated spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release in ventricular myocytes (VMs) from diseased animals, increasing propensity to stress-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia. To test whether chronic recovery of mito-[Ca2+] restores systolic Ca2+ release without adverse effects in diastole, we overexpressed mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in VMs from male rat hearts with hypertrophy induced by thoracic aortic banding (TAB). Measurement of mito-[Ca2+] using genetic probe mtRCamp1h revealed that mito-[Ca2+] in TAB VMs paced at 2 Hz under β-adrenergic stimulation is lower compared with shams. Adenoviral 2.5-fold MCU overexpression in TAB VMs fully restored mito-[Ca2+]. However, it failed to improve cytosolic Ca2+ handling and reduce proarrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ waves. Furthermore, mitochondrial-targeted genetic probes MLS-HyPer7 and OMM-HyPer revealed a significant increase in emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TAB VMs with 2.5-fold MCU overexpression. Conversely, 1.5-fold MCU overexpression in TABs, that led to partial restoration of mito-[Ca2+], reduced mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) and spontaneous Ca2+ waves. Our findings emphasize the key role of elevated mito-ROS in disease-related proarrhythmic Ca2+ mishandling. These data establish nonlinear mito-[Ca2+]/mito-ROS relationship, whereby partial restoration of mito-[Ca2+] in diseased VMs is protective, whereas further enhancement of MCU-mediated Ca2+ uptake exacerbates damaging mito-ROS emission.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Defective intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and aberrant mitochondrial function are common features in cardiac disease. Here, we directly compared potential benefits of mito-ROS scavenging and restoration of mito-Ca2+ uptake by overexpressing MCU in ventricular myocytes from hypertrophic rat hearts. Experiments using novel mito-ROS and Ca2+ biosensors demonstrated that mito-ROS scavenging rescued both cytosolic and mito-Ca2+ homeostasis, whereas moderate and high MCU overexpression demonstrated disparate effects on mito-ROS emission, with only a moderate increase in MCU being beneficial.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Biosensing Techniques
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Rate
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Male
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Fruzsina Perger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamín Hernández Orengo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard T Clements
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Sandor Györke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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20
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Chaanine AH. Metabolic Remodeling and Implicated Calcium and Signal Transduction Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910579. [PMID: 34638917 PMCID: PMC8508915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is an organ with high-energy demands in which the mitochondria are most abundant. They are considered the powerhouse of the cell and occupy a central role in cellular metabolism. The intermyofibrillar mitochondria constitute the majority of the three-mitochondrial subpopulations in the heart. They are also considered to be the most important in terms of their ability to participate in calcium and cellular signaling, which are critical for the regulation of mitochondrial function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This is because they are located in very close proximity with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and for the presence of tethering complexes enabling interorganelle crosstalk via calcium signaling. Calcium is an important second messenger that regulates mitochondrial function. It promotes ATP production and cellular survival under physiological changes in cardiac energetic demand. This is accomplished in concert with signaling pathways that regulate both calcium cycling and mitochondrial function. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic remodeling occupy a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. In this review we will discuss perturbations in ER-mitochondrial crosstalk and touch on important signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H. Chaanine
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(504)-988-1612
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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21
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Federico M, De la Fuente S, Palomeque J, Sheu SS. The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on heart dysfunction. J Physiol 2021; 599:3477-3493. [PMID: 33932959 PMCID: PMC8424986 DOI: 10.1113/jp279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases (MetDs) embrace a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage. The known diseases included in this group are metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. All of them are chronic pathologies that present metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Cardiomyopathy has been extensively described in diabetic patients without overt macrovascular complications. The heart is severely damaged during the progression of the disease; in fact, diabetic cardiomyopathies are the main cause of death in MetDs. Insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acid metabolism promote cardiac damage through mitochondria. These organelles supply most of the energy that the heart needs to beat and to control essential cellular functions, including Ca2+ signalling modulation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death regulation. Several aspects of common mitochondrial functions have been described as being altered in diabetic cardiomyopathies, including impaired energy metabolism, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, deficiencies in Ca2+ handling, increases in reactive oxygen species production, and a higher probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Therefore, the mitochondrial role in MetD-mediated heart dysfunction has been studied extensively to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving cardiac performance. Herein we review the cardiac pathology in metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, CABA, Argentina
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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22
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Modesti L, Danese A, Angela Maria Vitto V, Ramaccini D, Aguiari G, Gafà R, Lanza G, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling in Health, Disease and Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061317. [PMID: 34070562 PMCID: PMC8230075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) is considered one of the main second messengers inside cells and acts as the most prominent signal in a plethora of biological processes. Its homeostasis is guaranteed by an intricate and complex system of channels, pumps, and exchangers. In this context, by regulating cellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondria control both the uptake and release of Ca2+. Therefore, at the mitochondrial level, Ca2+ plays a dual role, participating in both vital physiological processes (ATP production and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism) and pathophysiological processes (cell death, cancer progression and metastasis). Hence, it is not surprising that alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) pathways or mutations in Ca2+ transporters affect the activities and functions of the entire cell. Indeed, it is widely recognized that dysregulation of mCa2+ signaling leads to various pathological scenarios, including cancer, neurological defects and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulation of mCa2+ homeostasis, the related mechanisms and the significance of this regulation in physiology and human diseases. We also highlight strategies aimed at remedying mCa2+ dysregulation as promising therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Modesti
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.); (V.A.M.V.); (D.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Alberto Danese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.); (V.A.M.V.); (D.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.); (V.A.M.V.); (D.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.); (V.A.M.V.); (D.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (R.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.); (V.A.M.V.); (D.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.M.); (A.D.); (V.A.M.V.); (D.R.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455802
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23
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Gherardi G, De Mario A, Mammucari C. The mitochondrial calcium homeostasis orchestra plays its symphony: Skeletal muscle is the guest of honor. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2021; 362:209-259. [PMID: 34253296 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are placed in close proximity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the main intracellular Ca2+ store. During muscle activity, excitation of sarcolemma and of T-tubule triggers the release of Ca2+ from the SR initiating myofiber contraction. The rise in cytosolic Ca2+ determines the opening of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the highly selective channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), causing a robust increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+-dependent activation of TCA cycle enzymes increases the synthesis of ATP required for SERCA activity. Thus, Ca2+ is transported back into the SR and cytosolic [Ca2+] returns to resting levels eventually leading to muscle relaxation. In recent years, thanks to the molecular identification of MCU complex components, the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle has been uncovered. In this chapter, we will introduce the reader to a general overview of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation. We will tackle the key molecular players and the cellular and pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. In the second part of the chapter, we will discuss novel findings on the physiological role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle. Finally, we will examine the involvement of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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24
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Abstract
Heart failure causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The understanding of heart failure pathomechanisms and options for treatment remain incomplete. Zebrafish has proven useful for modeling human heart diseases due to similarity of zebrafish and mammalian hearts, fast easily tractable development, and readily available genetic methods. Embryonic cardiac development is rapid and cardiac function is easy to observe and quantify. Reverse genetics, by using morpholinos and CRISPR-Cas9 to modulate gene function, make zebrafish a primary animal model for in vivo studies of candidate genes. Zebrafish are able to effectively regenerate their hearts following injury. However, less attention has been given to using zebrafish models to increase understanding of heart failure and cardiac remodeling, including cardiac hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Here we discuss using zebrafish to study heart failure and cardiac remodeling, and review zebrafish genetic, drug-induced and other heart failure models, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of using zebrafish to model human heart disease. Using zebrafish models will lead to insights on the pathomechanisms of heart failure, with the aim to ultimately provide novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Narumanchi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Hamilton S, Terentyeva R, Clements RT, Belevych AE, Terentyev D. Sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication; implications for cardiac arrhythmia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:105-113. [PMID: 33857485 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias remains the major cause of mortality in the world. Heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, old age-related cardiac dysfunction and inherited disorders are associated with enhanced propensity to malignant cardiac arrhythmias. Both defective mitochondrial function and abnormal intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis have been established as the key contributing factors in the pathophysiology and arrhythmogenesis in these conditions. This article reviews current advances in understanding of bidirectional control of ryanodine receptor-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and mitochondrial function, and how defects in crosstalk between these two organelles increase arrhythmic risk in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Richard T Clements
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States of America
| | - Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F. Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of
Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - John W. Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of
Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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27
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Alevriadou BR, Patel A, Noble M, Ghosh S, Gohil VM, Stathopulos PB, Madesh M. Molecular nature and physiological role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C465-C482. [PMID: 33296287 PMCID: PMC8260355 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00502.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is critical for cell function and cell survival. Mitochondria play a major role in regulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is an important determinant of cell fate and governs respiration, mitophagy/autophagy, and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake occurs via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the function of MCU complex, regulation of MCU channel, and the role of MCU in Ca2+ homeostasis and human disease pathogenesis. The channel core consists of four MCU subunits and essential MCU regulators (EMRE). Regulatory proteins that interact with them include mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1/2 (MICU1/2), MCU dominant-negative β-subunit (MCUb), MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1), and solute carrier 25A23 (SLC25A23). In addition to these proteins, cardiolipin, a mitochondrial membrane-specific phospholipid, has been shown to interact with the channel core. The dynamic interplay between the core and regulatory proteins modulates MCU channel activity after sensing local changes in [Ca2+]i, reactive oxygen species, and other environmental factors. Here, we highlight the structural details of the human MCU heteromeric assemblies and their known roles in regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. MCU dysfunction has been shown to alter mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics, in turn eliciting cell apoptosis. Changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake have been implicated in pathological conditions affecting multiple organs, including the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. However, our structural and functional knowledge of this vital protein complex remains incomplete, and understanding the precise role for MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in disease requires further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rita Alevriadou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Akshar Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Megan Noble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagnika Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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28
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Tanwar J, Singh JB, Motiani RK. Molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial calcium levels: The nuts and bolts of mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:9-22. [PMID: 33316420 PMCID: PMC7610953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital role in regulating the cellular energetics and metabolism. Further, it is a signaling hub for cell survival and apoptotic pathways. One of the key determinants that calibrate both cellular energetics and survival functions is mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) dynamics. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates three Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenase enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle thereby directly controlling ATP synthesis. On the other hand, excessive Ca2+ concentration within the mitochondrial matrix elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and causes mitochondrial membrane depolarization. This leads to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and release of cytochrome c into cytosol eventually triggering apoptosis. Therefore, it is critical for cell to maintain mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. Since cells can neither synthesize nor metabolize Ca2+, it is the dynamic interplay of Ca2+ handling proteins involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux that take the center stage. In this review we would discuss the key molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. We would focus on the channel complex involved in bringing Ca2+ into mitochondrial matrix i.e. Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) and its key regulators Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake proteins (MICU1, 2 and 3), MCU regulatory subunit b (MCUb), Essential MCU Regulator (EMRE) and Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter Regulator 1 (MCUR1). Further, we would deliberate on major mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux proteins i.e. Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) and Leucine zipper EF hand-containing transmembrane1 (Letm1). Moreover, we would highlight the physiological functions of these proteins and discuss their relevance in human pathophysiology. Finally, we would highlight key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi 10025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jaya Bharti Singh
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India.
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29
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Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for ATP production but are also known as regulators of cell death, and mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ is a key modulator of both ATP production and cell death. Although mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux have been studied for over 50 years, it is only in the past decade that the proteins responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux have been identified. The identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) led to an explosion of studies identifying regulators of the MCU. The levels of these regulators vary in a tissue- and disease-specific manner, providing new insight into how mitochondrial Ca2+ is regulated. This review focuses on the proteins responsible for mitochondrial transport and what we have learned from mouse studies with genetic alterations in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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30
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Boyman L, Greiser M, Lederer WJ. Calcium influx through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter holocomplex, MCU cx. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 151:145-154. [PMID: 33147447 PMCID: PMC7880866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ flux into the mitochondrial matrix through the MCU holocomplex (MCUcx) has recently been measured quantitatively and with milliseconds resolution for the first time under physiological conditions in both heart and skeletal muscle. Additionally, the dynamic levels of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix ([Ca2+]m) of cardiomyocytes were measured as it was controlled by the balance between influx of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix through MCUcx and efflux through the mitochondrial Na+ / Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). Under these conditions [Ca2+]m was shown to regulate ATP production by the mitochondria at only a few critical sites. Additional functions attributed to [Ca2+]m continue to be reported in the literature. Here we review the new findings attributed to MCUcx function and provide a framework for understanding and investigating mitochondrial Ca2+ influx features, many of which remain controversial. The properties and functions of the MCUcx subunits that constitute the holocomplex are challenging to tease apart. Such distinct subunits include EMRE, MCUR1, MICUx (i.e. MICU1, MICU2, MICU3), and the pore-forming subunits (MCUpore). Currently, the specific set of functions of each subunit remains non-quantitative and controversial. The more contentious issues are discussed in the context of the newly measured native MCUcx Ca2+ flux from heart and skeletal muscle. These MCUcx Ca2+ flux measurements have been shown to be a highly-regulated, tissue-specific with femto-Siemens Ca2+ conductances and with distinct extramitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dependencies. These data from cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria have been examined quantitatively for their threshold [Ca2+]i levels and for hypothesized gatekeeping function and are discussed in the context of model cell (e.g. HeLa, MEF, HEK293, COS7 cells) measurements. Our new findings on MCUcx dependent matrix [Ca2+]m signaling provide a quantitative basis for on-going and new investigations of the roles of MCUcx in cardiac function ranging from metabolic fuel selection, capillary blood-flow control and the pathological activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Additionally, this review presents the use of advanced new methods that can be readily adapted by any investigator to enable them to carry out quantitative Ca2+ measurements in mitochondria while controlling the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maura Greiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ni Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Agnieszka Sidor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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32
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Salazar-Ramírez F, Ramos-Mondragón R, García-Rivas G. Mitochondrial and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Interconnection in Cardiac Arrhythmia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:623381. [PMID: 33585462 PMCID: PMC7876262 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.623381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial energy production, contraction, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial Ca2+-targeted fluorescent probes have demonstrated that mitochondria Ca2+ transients are synchronized with Ca2+ fluxes occurring in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The presence of specialized proteins tethering SR to mitochondria ensures the local Ca2+ flux between these organelles. Furthermore, communication between SR and mitochondria impacts their functionality in a bidirectional manner. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniplex is essential for ATP production and controlled reactive oxygen species levels for proper cellular signaling. Conversely, mitochondrial ATP ensures the proper functioning of SR Ca2+-handling proteins, which ensures that mitochondria receive an adequate supply of Ca2+. Recent evidence suggests that altered SR Ca2+ proteins, such as ryanodine receptors and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump, play an important role in maintaining proper cardiac membrane excitability, which may be initiated and potentiated when mitochondria are dysfunctional. This recognized mitochondrial role offers the opportunity to develop new therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing cardiac arrhythmias in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Salazar-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Cardiovascular, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Cardiovascular, Monterrey, Mexico.,TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico.,TecSalud, Centro de Medicina Funcional, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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33
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Bisaccia G, Ricci F, Gallina S, Di Baldassarre A, Ghinassi B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Heart Disease: Critical Appraisal of an Overlooked Association. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020614. [PMID: 33435429 PMCID: PMC7827742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocardium is among the most energy-consuming tissues in the body, burning from 6 to 30 kg of ATP per day within the mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of the cardiomyocyte. Although mitochondrial genetic disorders account for a small portion of cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly involved in a broad spectrum of heart diseases, and it has been implicated in the development of heart failure via maladaptive circuits producing and perpetuating mitochondrial stress and energy starvation. In this bench-to-bedside review, we aimed to (i) describe the key functions of the mitochondria within the myocardium, including their role in ischemia/reperfusion injury and intracellular calcium homeostasis; (ii) examine the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to multiple cardiac disease phenotypes and their transition to heart failure; and (iii) discuss the rationale and current evidence for targeting mitochondrial function for the treatment of heart failure, including via sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Bisaccia
- MIUR Department of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi, 11-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- MIUR Department of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi, 11-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, E-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città Sant’Angelo, 65013 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-871-355-6922
| | - Sabina Gallina
- MIUR Department of Excellence, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi, 11-66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.B.); (B.G.)
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.B.); (B.G.)
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34
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Singh S, Mabalirajan U. Mitochondrial calcium in command of juggling myriads of cellular functions. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:108-118. [PMID: 33412334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The puzzling traits related to the evolutionary aspect of mitochondria, still positions the mitochondrion at the center of the research. The theory of endosymbiosis popularized by Lynn Margulis in 1967 gained prominence wherein the mitochondrion is believed to have emerged as a prokaryote and later integrated into the eukaryotic system. This semi-autonomous organelle has bagged two responsible but perilous cellular functions: a) energy metabolism, and b) calcium buffering, though both are interdependent. While most of the mitochondrial functions are saliently regulated by calcium ions, the calcium buffering role of mitochondria decides the cellular fate. Though calcium overload in few mitochondria makes them dysfunctional at the early stage of cellular stress, this doesn't lead to sudden cell death due to critical checkpoints like mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion, etc. Thus, mitochondrion juggles with multiple crucial cellular functions with its calcium buffering skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology Of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology Of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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35
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Langenbacher AD, Shimizu H, Hsu W, Zhao Y, Borges A, Koehler C, Chen JN. Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Deficiency in Zebrafish Causes Cardiomyopathy With Arrhythmia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:617492. [PMID: 33424641 PMCID: PMC7785991 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2 + uptake influences energy production, cell survival, and Ca2 + signaling. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter, MCU, is the primary route for uptake of Ca2 + into the mitochondrial matrix. We have generated a zebrafish MCU mutant that survives to adulthood and exhibits dramatic cardiac phenotypes resembling cardiomyopathy and sinus arrest. MCU hearts contract weakly and have a smaller ventricle with a thin compact layer and reduced trabecular density. Damaged myofibrils and swollen mitochondria were present in the ventricles of MCU mutants, along with gene expression changes indicative of cell stress and altered cardiac structure and function. Using electrocardiography, we found that MCU hearts display conduction system defects and abnormal rhythm, with extended pauses resembling episodes of sinus arrest. Together, our findings suggest that proper mitochondrial Ca2 + homeostasis is crucial for maintaining a healthy adult heart, and establish the MCU mutant as a useful model for understanding the role of mitochondrial Ca2 + handling in adult cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Langenbacher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hirohito Shimizu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Welkin Hsu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandria Borges
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carla Koehler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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36
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O'Rourke B, Ashok D, Liu T. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ in heart failure: Not enough or too much? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 151:126-134. [PMID: 33290770 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ serves as a ubiquitous second messenger mediating a variety of cellular processes including electrical excitation, contraction, gene expression, secretion, cell death and others. The identification of the molecular components of the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways has created a resurgent interest in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ balance and its physiological and pathophysiological roles. While the pace of discovery has quickened with the availability of new cellular and animal models, many fundamental questions remain to be answered regarding the regulation and functional impact of mitochondrial Ca2+ in health and disease. This review highlights several experimental observations pertaining to key aspects of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis that remain enigmatic, particularly whether mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling is depressed or excessive in heart failure, which will determine the optimal approach to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O'Rourke
- The Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Deepthi Ashok
- The Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- The Johns Hopkins University, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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37
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Filadi R, Greotti E. The yin and yang of mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling in cell physiology and pathology. Cell Calcium 2020; 93:102321. [PMID: 33310302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are autonomous and dynamic cellular organelles orchestrating a diverse range of cellular activities. Numerous cell-signaling pathways target these organelles and Ca2+ is one of the most significant. Mitochondria are able to rapidly and transiently take up Ca2+, thanks to the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex, as well as to extrude it through the Na+/Ca2+ and H+/Ca2+ exchangers. The transient accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix impacts on mitochondrial functions and cell pathophysiology. Here we summarize the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in both physiological (yang) and pathological (yin) processes and the methods that can be used to investigate mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. As an example of the pivotal role of mitochondria in pathology, we described the state of the art of mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in different pathological conditions, with a special focus on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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38
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Chaanine AH, LeJemtel TH, Delafontaine P. Mitochondrial Pathobiology and Metabolic Remodeling in Progression to Overt Systolic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113582. [PMID: 33172082 PMCID: PMC7694785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are mostly abundant in the heart, a beating organ of high- energy demands. Their function extends beyond being a power plant of the cell including redox balance, ion homeostasis and metabolism. They are dynamic organelles that are tethered to neighboring structures, especially the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, they constitute a functional unit implicated in complex physiological and pathophysiological processes. Their topology in the cell, the cardiac myocyte in particular, places them at the hub of signaling and calcium homeostasis, making them master regulators of cell survival or cell death. Perturbations in mitochondrial function play a central role in the pathophysiology of myocardial remodeling and progression of heart failure. In this minireview, we summarize important pathophysiological mechanisms, pertaining to mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and function, which take place in compensated hypertrophy and in progression to overt systolic heart failure. Published work in the last few years has expanded our understanding of these important mechanisms; a key prerequisite to identifying therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H. Chaanine
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +504-988-1612; Fax: +504-995-2771
| | - Thierry H. LeJemtel
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Department of Medicine/Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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39
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Bas-Orth C, Schneider J, Lewen A, McQueen J, Hasenpusch-Theil K, Theil T, Hardingham GE, Bading H, Kann O. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is crucial for the generation of fast cortical network rhythms. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2225-2239. [PMID: 31722597 PMCID: PMC7585921 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19887777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) gene (Mcu) in cellular energy homeostasis and generation of electrical brain rhythms is widely unknown. We investigated this issue in mice and rats using Mcu-knockout and -knockdown strategies in vivo and in situ and determined the effects of these genetic manipulations on hippocampal gamma oscillations (30-70 Hz) and sharp wave-ripples. These physiological network states require precise neurotransmission between pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons, support spike-timing and synaptic plasticity and are associated with perception, attention and memory. Absence of the MCU resulted in (i) gamma oscillations with decreased power (by >40%) and lower synchrony, including less precise neural action potential generation ('spiking'), (ii) sharp waves with decreased incidence (by about 22%) and decreased fast ripple frequency (by about 3%) and (iii) lack of activity-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase dephosphorylation. However, compensatory adaptation in gene expression related to mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism was not detected. These data suggest that the neuronal MCU is crucial for the generation of network rhythms, most likely by influences on oxidative phosphorylation and perhaps by controlling cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis. This work contributes to an increased understanding of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in cortical information processing underlying cognition and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bas-Orth
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justus Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lewen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamie McQueen
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Thomas Theil
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Lai L, Qiu H. The Physiological and Pathological Roles of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake in Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7689. [PMID: 33080805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) plays a critical role in the cardiac mitochondria function. Ca2+ entering the mitochondria is necessary for ATP production and the contractile activity of cardiomyocytes. However, excessive Ca2+ in the mitochondria results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Mitochondria maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in normal cardiomyocytes through a comprehensive regulatory mechanism by controlling the uptake and release of Ca2+ in response to the cellular demand. Understanding the mechanism of modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in the cardiomyocyte could bring new insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and help developing the strategy to prevent the heart from damage at an early stage. In this review, we summarized the latest findings in the studies on the cardiac mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, focusing on the regulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake, which acts as a double-edged sword in the cardiac function. Specifically, we discussed the dual roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ in mitochondrial activity and the impact on cardiac function, the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms, and the potential future research interest.
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41
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Gherardi G, Monticelli H, Rizzuto R, Mammucari C. The Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake and the Fine-Tuning of Aerobic Metabolism. Front Physiol 2020; 11:554904. [PMID: 33117189 PMCID: PMC7575740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.554904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of mitochondrial activity in high-energy demand organs and in the orchestration of whole-body metabolism has received renewed attention. In mitochondria, pyruvate oxidation, ensured by efficient mitochondrial pyruvate entry and matrix dehydrogenases activity, generates acetyl CoA that enters the TCA cycle. TCA cycle activity, in turn, provides reducing equivalents and electrons that feed the electron transport chain eventually producing ATP. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake plays an essential role in the control of aerobic metabolism. Mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation stimulates aerobic metabolism by inducing the activity of three TCA cycle dehydrogenases. In detail, matrix Ca2+ indirectly modulates pyruvate dehydrogenase via pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1, and directly activates isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases. Here, we will discuss the contribution of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake to the metabolic homeostasis of organs involved in systemic metabolism, including liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. We will also tackle the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in the heart, a high-energy consuming organ whose function strictly depends on appropriate Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gherardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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42
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Diaz-Juarez J, Suarez JA, Dillmann WH, Suarez J. Mitochondrial calcium handling and heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165984. [PMID: 33002576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus-induced heart disease, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, is an important medical problem and is difficult to treat. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for heart failure and decreases cardiac myocyte function, which are linked to changes in cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism. The free mitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]m) is fundamental in activating the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and ATP production and is also known to regulate the activity of key mitochondrial dehydrogenases. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) plays a major role in mediating mitochondrial Ca2+ import, and its expression and function therefore may have a marked impact on cardiac myocyte metabolism and function. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological role of [Ca2+]m handling and MCUC in the diabetic heart. In addition, we evaluate potential therapeutic targets, directed to the machinery that regulates mitochondrial calcium handling, to alleviate diabetes-related cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Diaz-Juarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Seccion XVI, 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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43
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Luczak ED, Wu Y, Granger JM, Joiner MLA, Wilson NR, Gupta A, Umapathi P, Murphy KR, Reyes Gaido OE, Sabet A, Corradini E, Tseng WW, Wang Y, Heck AJR, Wei AC, Weiss RG, Anderson ME. Mitochondrial CaMKII causes adverse metabolic reprogramming and dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4416. [PMID: 32887881 PMCID: PMC7473864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clear association between myocardial injury, heart failure and depressed myocardial energetics, little is known about upstream signals responsible for remodeling myocardial metabolism after pathological stress. Here, we report increased mitochondrial calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activation and left ventricular dilation in mice one week after myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. By contrast, mice with genetic mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition are protected from left ventricular dilation and dysfunction after MI. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial CaMKII overexpression (mtCaMKII) have severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased ATP that causes elevated cytoplasmic resting (diastolic) Ca2+ concentration and reduced mechanical performance. We map a metabolic pathway that rescues disease phenotypes in mtCaMKII mice, providing insights into physiological and pathological metabolic consequences of CaMKII signaling in mitochondria. Our findings suggest myocardial dilation, a disease phenotype lacking specific therapies, can be prevented by targeted replacement of mitochondrial creatine kinase or mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan M Granger
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mei-Ling A Joiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Wilson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin R Murphy
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amin Sabet
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eleonora Corradini
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wen-Wei Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Robert G Weiss
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gellerich FN, Szibor M, Gizatullina Z, Lessmann V, Schwarzer M, Doenst T, Vielhaber S, Kunz WS. Reply to Rutter et al.: The roles of cytosolic and intramitochondrial Ca 2+ and the mitochondrial Ca 2+-uniporter (MCU) in the stimulation of mammalian oxidative phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10507. [PMID: 32709761 PMCID: PMC7383391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rl120.014342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank N Gellerich
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marten Szibor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Zemfira Gizatullina
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Lessmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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45
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Rossini M, Filadi R. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Kissing in Cardiomyocytes: Ca 2+, ATP, and Undisclosed Secrets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:532. [PMID: 32671075 PMCID: PMC7332691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiomyocytes, to carry out cell contraction, the distribution, morphology, and dynamic interaction of different cellular organelles are tightly regulated. For instance, the repetitive close apposition between junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) and specialized sarcolemma invaginations, called transverse-tubules (TTs), is essential for an efficient excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Upon an action potential, Ca2+ microdomains, generated in synchrony at the interface between TTs and jSR, underlie the prompt increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, ultimately responsible for cell contraction during systole. This process requires a considerable amount of energy and the active participation of mitochondria, which encompass ∼30% of the cell volume and represent the major source of ATP in the heart. Importantly, in adult cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are distributed in a highly orderly fashion and strategically juxtaposed with SR. By taking advantage of the vicinity to Ca2+ releasing sites, they take up Ca2+ and modulate ATP synthesis according to the specific cardiac workload. Interestingly, with respect to SR, a biased, polarized positioning of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake/efflux machineries has been reported, hinting the importance of a strictly regulated mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for heart activity. This notion, however, has been questioned by the observation that, in some mouse models, the deficiency of specific molecules, modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics, triggers non-obvious cardiac phenotypes. This review will briefly summarize the physiological significance of SR-mitochondria apposition in cardiomyocytes, as well as the pathological consequences of an altered organelle communication, focusing on Ca2+ signaling. We will discuss ongoing debates and propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
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46
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47
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Roman B, Kaur P, Ashok D, Kohr M, Biswas R, O'Rourke B, Steenbergen C, Das S. Nuclear-mitochondrial communication involving miR-181c plays an important role in cardiac dysfunction during obesity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:87-96. [PMID: 32442661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In cardiomyocytes, there is microRNA (miR) in the mitochondria that originates from the nuclear genome and matures in the cytoplasm before translocating into the mitochondria. Overexpression of one such miR, miR-181c, can lead to heart failure by stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing mitochondrial calcium level ([Ca2+]m). Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 protein (MICU1), a regulatory protein in the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, plays an important role in regulating [Ca2+]m. Obesity results in miR-181c overexpression and a decrease in MICU1. We hypothesize that lowering miR-181c would protect against obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS We used an in vivo mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks and induced high lipid load in H9c2 cells with oleate-conjugated bovine serum albumin in vitro. We tested the cardioprotective role of lowering miR-181c by using miR-181c/d-/- mice (in vivo) and AntagomiR against miR-181c (in vitro). HFD significantly upregulated heart levels of miR-181c and led to cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type mice, but not in miR-181c/d-/- mice. HFD also increased ROS production and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (a surrogate for [Ca2+]m), but the increases were alleviated in miR-181c/d-/- mice. Moreover, miR-181c/d-/- mice fed a HFD had higher levels of MICU1 than did wild-type mice fed a HFD, attenuating the rise in [Ca2+]m. Overexpression of miR-181c in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVM) caused increased ROS production, which oxidized transcription factor Sp1 and led to a loss of Sp1, thereby slowing MICU1 transcription. Hence, miR-181c increases [Ca2+]m through Sp1 oxidation and downregulation of MICU1, suggesting that the cardioprotective effect of miR-181c/d-/- results from inhibition of Sp1 oxidation. CONCLUSION This study has identified a unique nuclear-mitochondrial communication mechanism in the heart orchestrated by miR-181c. Obesity-induced overexpression of miR-181c increases [Ca2+]m via downregulation of MICU1 and leads to cardiac injury. A strategy to inhibit miR-181c in cardiomyocytes can preserve cardiac function during obesity by improving mitochondrial function. Altering miR-181c expression may provide a pharmacologic approach to improve cardiomyopathy in individuals with obesity/type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Roman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Pawandeep Kaur
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Deepthi Ashok
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark Kohr
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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48
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Garbincius JF, Luongo TS, Elrod JW. The debate continues - What is the role of MCU and mitochondrial calcium uptake in the heart? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:163-174. [PMID: 32353353 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in 2011, several studies utilizing genetic models have attempted to decipher the role of mitochondrial calcium uptake in cardiac physiology. Confounding results in various mutant mouse models have led to an ongoing debate regarding the function of MCU in the heart. In this review, we evaluate and discuss the totality of evidence for mitochondrial calcium uptake in the cardiac stress response and highlight recent reports that implicate MCU in the control of homeostatic cardiac metabolism and function. This review concludes with a discussion of current gaps in knowledge and remaining experiments to define how MCU contributes to contractile function, cell death, metabolic regulation, and heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Kirschner Peretz N, Segal S, Yaniv Y. May the Force Not Be With You During Culture: Eliminating Mechano-Associated Feedback During Culture Preserves Cultured Atrial and Pacemaker Cell Functions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:163. [PMID: 32265724 PMCID: PMC7100534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured cardiomyocytes have been shown to possess significant potential as a model for characterization of mechano-Ca2+, mechano-electric, and mechano-metabolic feedbacks in the heart. However, the majority of cultured cardiomyocytes exhibit impaired electrical, mechanical, biochemical, and metabolic functions. More specifically, the cells do not beat spontaneously (pacemaker cells) or beat at a rate far lower than their physiological counterparts and self-oscillate (atrial and ventricular cells) in culture. Thus, efforts are being invested in ensuring that cultured cardiomyocytes maintain the shape and function of freshly isolated cells. Elimination of contraction during culture has been shown to preserve the mechano-Ca2+, mechano-electric, and mechano-metabolic feedback loops of cultured cells. This review focuses on pacemaker cells, which reside in the sinoatrial node (SAN) and generate regular heartbeat through the initiation of the heart’s electrical, metabolic, and biochemical activities. In parallel, it places emphasis on atrial cells, which are responsible for bridging the electrical conductance from the SAN to the ventricle. The review provides a summary of the main mechanisms responsible for mechano-electrical, Ca2+, and metabolic feedback in pacemaker and atrial cells and of culture methods existing for both cell types. The work concludes with an explanation of how the elimination of mechano-electrical, mechano-Ca2+, and mechano-metabolic feedbacks during culture results in sustained cultured cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Kirschner Peretz
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sofia Segal
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Yaniv
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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50
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Takeuchi A, Matsuoka S. Integration of mitochondrial energetics in heart with mathematical modelling. J Physiol 2020; 598:1443-1457. [DOI: 10.1113/jp276817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Takeuchi
- Department of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyFaculty of Medical Sciencesand Life Science Innovation CenterUniversity of Fukui Fukui 910‐1193 Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Integrative and Systems PhysiologyFaculty of Medical Sciencesand Life Science Innovation CenterUniversity of Fukui Fukui 910‐1193 Japan
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