1
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Sun L, Wang F, Wang X, Zhang F, Ma S, Lv J. SATB1 mediated tumor colonization and β-catenin nuclear localization are associated with colorectal cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2320307. [PMID: 38385627 PMCID: PMC10885174 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2320307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. It is urgent to identify valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis and potent therapeutic targets. It has been reported that SATB1 is associated with the malignant progression in CRC. To explore the role of SATB1 in CRC progression and the underlying mechanism, we evaluated the expression of SATB1 in the paired CRC tissues with immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of SATB1 in lymph node metastasis was higher than that in primary lesion, and that in distant organ metastasis was higher than that in primary lesion. The retrospective analysis showed that patients with high expression of SATB1 had a significantly worse prognosis than those with negative and moderate expression. In vitro experiments that employing SATB1 over-expressing and depleted CRC cell lines confirmed that SATB1 contributes to cell proliferation and colonization, while inhibiting cell motility. Furthermore, the tissue immunofluorescence assay, Co-IP and Western blot were conducted to reveal that SATB1 induced translocation of β-catenin and formed a protein complex with it in the nuclei. In conclusion, SATB1 mediated tumor colonization and β-catenin nuclear localization are associated with the malignant progression and poor prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xufei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Feiying Zhang
- The second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jinghuan Lv
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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2
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Mashayekhi K, Khazaie K, Faubion WA, Kim GB. Biomaterial-enhanced treg cell immunotherapy: A promising approach for transplant medicine and autoimmune disease treatment. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:269-298. [PMID: 38694761 PMCID: PMC11061617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for preserving tolerance in the body, rendering Treg immunotherapy a promising treatment option for both organ transplants and autoimmune diseases. Presently, organ transplant recipients must undergo lifelong immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection, while autoimmune disorders lack definitive cures. In the last years, there has been notable advancement in comprehending the biology of both antigen-specific and polyclonal Tregs. Clinical trials involving Tregs have demonstrated their safety and effectiveness. To maximize the efficacy of Treg immunotherapy, it is essential for these cells to migrate to specific target tissues, maintain stability within local organs, bolster their suppressive capabilities, and ensure their intended function's longevity. In pursuit of these goals, the utilization of biomaterials emerges as an attractive supportive strategy for Treg immunotherapy in addressing these challenges. As a result, the prospect of employing biomaterial-enhanced Treg immunotherapy holds tremendous promise as a treatment option for organ transplant recipients and individuals grappling with autoimmune diseases in the near future. This paper introduces strategies based on biomaterial-assisted Treg immunotherapy to enhance transplant medicine and autoimmune treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Mashayekhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - William A. Faubion
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gloria B. Kim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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3
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Zhu H, Ruan X, Zhao K, Kuang W, Liu S, Yan W, Fu X, Cheng Z, Li R, Peng H. The miR-641-STIM1 and SATB1 axes play important roles in the regulation of the Th17/Treg balance in ITP. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11243. [PMID: 38755179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell dysfunction. Recently, several studies have shown that a disturbed Th17/Treg balance contributes to the development of ITP. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA moleculesthat posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that miRNAs play an important role in regulating the Th17/Treg balance. In the present study, we found that miR-641 was upregulated in ITP patients. In primary T cells, overexpression of miR-641 could cause downregulation of its target genes STIM1 and SATB1, thus inducing a Th17 (upregulated)/Treg (downregulated) imbalance. Inhibition of miR-641 by a miR-641 sponge in primary T cells of ITP patients or by antagomiR-641 in an ITP murine model could cause upregulation of STIM1 and SATB1, thus restoring Th17/Treg homeostasis. These results suggested that the miR-641-STIM/SATB1 axis plays an important role in regulating the Th17/Treg balance in ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqin Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China, Nanning, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyong Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhe Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xianming Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139# Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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4
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Qin Z, Hou P, Lin H, Chen M, Wang R, Xu T. Inhibition of Lck/Fyn kinase activity promotes the differentiation of induced Treg cells through AKT/mTOR pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112237. [PMID: 38744170 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are indispensable in maintaining the immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T (Treg) cells include thymus derived Treg cells (tTregs) and peripherally induced Treg cells (iTreg), which are differentiated from antigen stimulated CD4+ naïve T cells in presence of TGFβ. tTregs are quite stable, and more immune suppressive, while iTreg cells are less stable, and are prone to differentiate into inflammatory T cells. Therefore, identification of small molecules that could promote the differentiation of iTreg cells is an attractive strategy for autoimmune diseases. Inhibition of AKT/mTOR pathway promotes their differentiation. Whether inhibition of Lck/Fyn kinase activity (upstream of AKT/mTOR pathway) can be used to promote the differentiation of iTreg cells has not been determined. Here, we showed that Srci1, a small molecular inhibitor of Lck/Fyn, promoted the differentiation of FOXP3+ iTreg cells. Srci1 treatment resulted in inhibition of phosphorylation of key components of AKT/mTOR pathway, including mTOR, p70 S6K, 4EBP1, and promoted the expression of Foxp3 and its target genes, thereby promoted differentiation of in vitro iTreg cells. Srci1 treated iTreg cells showed more similar gene expression profile to that of tTreg cells. Our results thus suggest that inhibition of Lck/Fyn kinase activity can promote the differentiation of iTreg cells, and may have implication in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Hou
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huizhen Lin
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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5
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Wang T, Guo J, Liping Li, Jin Q, Zhang F, Hou B, Zhang Y, Zhou X. The histone lysine methyltransferase MLL1 regulates the activation and functional specialization of regulatory T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114222. [PMID: 38735046 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation and specialization of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for maintaining immune self-tolerance; however, the regulation of these processes by histone modifications is not fully understood. Here, we show that T cell-specific deletion of the lysine methyltransferase MLL1 results in a spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation phenotype in aged mice without disturbing the development of conventional T cells and Tregs. Treg-specific MLL1 ablation leads to a systemic autoimmune disease associated with Treg dysfunction. Moreover, RNA sequencing demonstrates that the induction of multiple genes involved in Treg activation, functional specialization, and tissue immigration is defective in MLL1-deficient Tregs. This dysregulation is associated with defects in H3K4 trimethylation at these genes' transcription start sites. Finally, using a T-bet fate-mapping mouse system, we determine that MLL1 is required to establish stable Th1-type Tregs. Thus, MLL1 is essential in optimal Treg function by providing a coordinated chromatin context for activation and specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Department of Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Department of Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuzhu Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Department of Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Department of Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baidong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Department of Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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6
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Lavaud M, Tesfaye R, Lassous L, Brounais B, Baud'huin M, Verrecchia F, Lamoureux F, Georges S, Ory B. Super-enhancers: drivers of cells' identities and cells' debacles. Epigenomics 2024. [PMID: 38587919 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal regulations of gene expression are essential for determining cells' fates and functions. Enhancers are cis-acting DNA elements that act as periodic transcriptional thrusters and their activities are cell type specific. Clusters of enhancers, called super-enhancers, are more densely occupied by transcriptional activators than enhancers, driving stronger expression of their target genes, which have prominent roles in establishing and maintaining cellular identities. Here we review the current knowledge on the composition and structure of super-enhancers to understand how they robustly stimulate the expression of cellular identity genes. We also review their involvement in the development of various cell types and both noncancerous and cancerous disorders, implying the therapeutic interest of targeting them to fight against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lavaud
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - Robel Tesfaye
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
- Cancéropôle Grand-Ouest, Réseau Épigénétique, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Léa Lassous
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - Bénédicte Brounais
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - François Lamoureux
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - Steven Georges
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University & Angers University, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
- Cancéropôle Grand-Ouest, Réseau Épigénétique, Medical School, Nantes, 44035, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
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7
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Yu KQ, Li CF, Ye L, Song Y, Wang YH, Lin YR, Liao ST, Mei ZC, Lv L. Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL Regulates Inflammatory Factor Expression in Ulcerative Colitis Via the miR-191-5p/SATB1 Axis. Inflammation 2024; 47:513-529. [PMID: 37985573 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, manifests with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucopurulent feces. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ANRIL exhibits significantly reduced expression in UC, yet its specific mechanism is unknown. This study revealed that ANRIL is involved in the progression of UC by inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α via miR-191-5P/SATB1 axis. We found that in patients with UC, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly overexpressed in inflamed colon sites, whereas ANRIL was significantly under-expressed and associated with disease severity. The downregulation of ANRIL resulted in the increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-treated FHCs. ANRIL directly targeted miR-191-5p, thereby inhibiting its expression and augmenting SATB1 expression. Moreover, overexpression of miR-191-5p abolished ANRIL-mediated inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α production. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed the specific binding of miR-191-5p to ANRIL and SATB1. Furthermore, the downregulation of ANRIL promoted DSS-induced colitis in mice. Together, we provide evidence that ANRIL plays a critical role in regulating IL-6 and TNF-α expression in UC by modulating the miR-191-5p/SATB1 axis. Our study provides novel insights into progression and molecular therapeutic strategies in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qi Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chuan-Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ya Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu-Ru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zhe-Chuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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8
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Zhang YS, Chen YQ. Dysfunctional regulatory T cell: May be an obstacle to immunotherapy in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116359. [PMID: 38430633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in various forms. Tregs, members of CD4+ T cells, play important roles in regulating immune system and suppressing inflammatory response, thus contributing to maintaining immune homeostasis. However, Tregs exert their powerful suppressive function relying on the stable phenotype and function. The stability of Tregs primarily depends on the FOXP3 (Forkhead box P3) expression and epigenetic regulation. Although Tregs are quite stable under physiological conditions, prolonged exposure to inflammatory cues, Tregs may lose suppressive function and require proinflammatory phenotype, namely plastic Tregs or ex-Tregs. There are extensive researches have established the beneficial role of Tregs in CVDs. Nevertheless, the potential risks of dysfunctional Tregs lack deep research. Anti-inflammatory and immunological modulation have been hotspots in the treatment of CVDs. Tregs are appealing because of their crucial role in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue repair. If alleviating inflammatory response through modulating Tregs could be a new therapeutic strategy for CVDs, the next step to consider is how to prevent the formation of dysfunctional Tregs or reverse detrimental Tregs to normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sha Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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9
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Hardtke-Wolenski M, Landwehr-Kenzel S. Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both? Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38507159 PMCID: PMC10954601 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
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10
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Yang F, Akhtar MN, Zhang D, El-Mayta R, Shin J, Dorsey JF, Zhang L, Xu X, Guo W, Bagley SJ, Fuchs SY, Koumenis C, Lathia JD, Mitchell MJ, Gong Y, Fan Y. An immunosuppressive vascular niche drives macrophage polarization and immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj4678. [PMID: 38416830 PMCID: PMC10901371 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunity is subjected to spatiotemporal regulation by leukocyte interaction with neoplastic and stromal cells, contributing to immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance. Here, we identify a distinct mesenchymal-like population of endothelial cells (ECs) that form an immunosuppressive vascular niche in glioblastoma (GBM). We reveal a spatially restricted, Twist1/SATB1-mediated sequential transcriptional activation mechanism, through which tumor ECs produce osteopontin to promote immunosuppressive macrophage (Mφ) phenotypes. Genetic or pharmacological ablation of Twist1 reverses Mφ-mediated immunosuppression and enhances T cell infiltration and activation, leading to reduced GBM growth and extended mouse survival, and sensitizing tumor to chimeric antigen receptor T immunotherapy. Thus, these findings uncover a spatially restricted mechanism controlling tumor immunity and suggest that targeting endothelial Twist1 may offer attractive opportunities for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Md Naushad Akhtar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rakan El-Mayta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Junyoung Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay F. Dorsey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen J. Bagley
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Liang H, Che W, Peng F, Chen H, Xie X, Wu B. Triptolide inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by regulating the circNOX4/miR-153-3p/SATB1 signaling pathway. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:538-549. [PMID: 38268309 PMCID: PMC10912528 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the role and mechanism of triptolide in regulating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression by mediating the circular RNA (circRNA)-related pathway. METHODS The expression levels of circNOX4, miR-153-3p and special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1) were measured by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was confirmed by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was employed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle process. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were detected using transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation markers and SATB1 were determined by western blot analysis. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to confirm the interaction between miR-153-3p and circNOX4 or SATB1. Xenograft tumor models were built to verify the effects of triptolide and circNOX4 on ESCC tumor growth. RESULTS CircNOX4 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells, and its expression could be reduced by triptolide. Triptolide could inhibit ESCC proliferation, cell cycle process, migration, invasion, EMT process, and promote apoptosis, while these effects were reversed by circNOX4 overexpression. MiR-153-3p could be sponged by circNOX4, and the promotion effect of circNOX4 on the progression of triptolide-treated ESCC cells was abolished by miR-153-3p overexpression. SATB1 was a target of miR-153-3p. Also, SATB1 knockdown reversed the enhancing effect of miR-153-3p inhibitor on the progression of triptolide-treated ESCC cells. Triptolide reduced ESCC tumor growth by regulating the circNOX4/miR-153-3p/SATB1 axis. CONCLUSION Triptolide could hinder ESCC progression, which was mainly achieved by regulating the circNOX4/miR-153-3p/SATB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Liang
- Department of thoracic surgeryGaozhou people's HospitalGaozhouChina
| | - Weibi Che
- Department of thoracic surgeryGaozhou people's HospitalGaozhouChina
| | - Fengyuan Peng
- Department of thoracic surgeryGaozhou people's HospitalGaozhouChina
| | - Huilong Chen
- Department of thoracic surgeryGaozhou people's HospitalGaozhouChina
| | - Xihao Xie
- Department of thoracic surgeryGaozhou people's HospitalGaozhouChina
| | - Bomeng Wu
- Department of thoracic surgeryGaozhou people's HospitalGaozhouChina
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12
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Sumida TS, Cheru NT, Hafler DA. The regulation and differentiation of regulatory T cells and their dysfunction in autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-00994-x. [PMID: 38374298 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-00994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells as a distinct cell lineage with a central role in regulating immune responses provided a deeper understanding of self-tolerance. The transcription factor FOXP3 serves a key role in Treg cell lineage determination and maintenance, but is not sufficient to enable the full potential of Treg cell suppression, indicating that other factors orchestrate the fine-tuning of Treg cell function. Moreover, FOXP3-independent mechanisms have recently been shown to contribute to Treg cell dysfunction. FOXP3 mutations in humans cause lethal fulminant systemic autoinflammation (IPEX syndrome). However, it remains unclear to what degree Treg cell dysfunction is contributing to the pathophysiology of common autoimmune diseases. In this Review, we discuss the origins of Treg cells in the periphery and the multilayered mechanisms by which Treg cells are induced, as well as the FOXP3-dependent and FOXP3-independent cellular programmes that maintain the suppressive function of Treg cells in humans and mice. Further, we examine evidence for Treg cell dysfunction in the context of common autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu S Sumida
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nardos T Cheru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Yahsi B, Palaz F, Dincer P. Applications of CRISPR Epigenome Editors in Tumor Immunology and Autoimmunity. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:413-427. [PMID: 38298016 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, CRISPR-Cas systems have become indispensable tools for genetic engineering and have been used in clinical trials for various diseases. Beyond genome editing, CRISPR-Cas systems can also be used for performing programmable epigenetic modifications. Recent efforts in enhancing CRISPR-based epigenome modifiers have yielded potent tools enabling targeted DNA methylation/demethylation capable of sustaining epigenetic memory through numerous cell divisions. Moreover, it has been understood that during chronic inflammatory states, including cancer, T cells encounter a state called T cell exhaustion that involves elevated inhibitory receptors (e.g., LAG-3, TIM3, PD-1, CD39) and reduced effector T cell-related protein levels (IFN-γ, granzyme B, and perforin). Importantly, epigenetic dysregulation has been identified as one of the key drivers of T cell exhaustion, and it remains one of the biggest obstacles in the field of immunotherapy and decreases the efficiency of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. Similarly, autoimmune diseases exhibit epigenetically dysfunctional regulatory T (Treg) cells. For instance, FOXP3 intronic regions, known as conserved noncoding sequences, display hypomethylation in healthy states but hypermethylation in pathological contexts. Therefore, the reversal of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer and autoimmune diseases using CRISPR-based epigenome modifiers has important therapeutic implications. In this review, we outline the progressive refinement of CRISPR-based epigenome modifiers and explore their potential therapeutic applications in tumor immunology and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Yahsi
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Fahreddin Palaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Pervin Dincer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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14
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Rodolfi S, Davidson C, Vecellio M. Regulatory T cells in spondyloarthropathies: genetic evidence, functional role, and therapeutic possibilities. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303640. [PMID: 38288110 PMCID: PMC10822883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a very specialized subset of T lymphocytes: their main function is controlling immune responses during inflammation. T-regs involvement in autoimmune and immune-mediated rheumatic diseases is well-described. Here, we critically review the up-to-date literature findings on the role of Tregs in spondyloarthropathies, particularly in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a polygenic inflammatory rheumatic disease that preferentially affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints. Genetics discoveries helped in elucidating pathogenic T-regs gene modules and functional involvement. We highlight T-regs tissue specificity as crucial point, as T-regs might have a distinct epigenomic and molecular profiling depending on the different site of tissue inflammation. Furthermore, we speculate about possible therapeutic interventions targeting, or enhancing, Treg cells in spondyloarthropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rodolfi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Connor Davidson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Vecellio
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centro Ricerche Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Sull’Artrite (FIRA), Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
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15
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Lin H, Xu Y, Lin C. Heterogeneity and subtypes of CD4 + regulatory T cells: implications for tumor therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1291796. [PMID: 38250084 PMCID: PMC10796559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the conventional view, CD4+ regulatory T cell (Treg) represents a subset of lymphocytes that involve the perception and negative regulation of the immune response. CD4+Treg plays an important role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and immune tolerance. However, recent studies have revealed that CD4+Treg do not suppress the immune response in some diseases, but promote inflammatory injury or inhibit tissue remodeling, suggesting the functional heterogeneity of CD4+Treg. Their involvement in tumor pathogenesis is more complex than previously understood. This article reviews the relevant research on the heterogeneity of CD4+Treg, subtype classification, and their relationship with tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanteng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Kawakami R, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T Cells for Control of Autoimmunity. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024; 1444:67-82. [PMID: 38467973 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the master transcription factor FoxP3, are indispensable for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. Their functional or numerical anomalies can be causative of autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases. Recent advances in the research of the cellular and molecular basis of how Treg cells develop, exert suppression, and maintain their function have enabled devising various ways for controlling physiological and pathological immune responses by targeting Treg cells. It is now envisaged that Treg cells as a "living drug" are able to achieve antigen-specific immune suppression of various immune responses and reestablish immunological self-tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kawakami
- Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Lin L, Hu M, Li Q, Du L, Lin L, Xue Y, Zheng F, Wang F, Liu K, Wang Y, Ye J, Jiang X, Wang X, Wang J, Zhai J, Liu B, Xie H, You Y, Wang J, Kong X, Feng D, Green DR, Shi Y, Wang Y. Oleic acid availability impacts thymocyte preprogramming and subsequent peripheral T reg cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:54-65. [PMID: 38062135 PMCID: PMC10918613 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The nature of activation signals is essential in determining T cell subset differentiation; however, the features that determine T cell subset preference acquired during intrathymic development remain elusive. Here we show that naive CD4+ T cells generated in the mouse thymic microenvironment lacking Scd1, encoding the enzyme catalyzing oleic acid (OA) production, exhibit enhanced regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and attenuated development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Scd1 deletion in K14+ thymic epithelia recapitulated the enhanced Treg cell differentiation phenotype of Scd1-deficient mice. The dearth of OA permitted DOT1L to increase H3K79me2 levels at the Atp2a2 locus of thymocytes at the DN2-DN3 transition stage. Such epigenetic modification persisted in naive CD4+ T cells and facilitated Atp2a2 expression. Upon T cell receptor activation, ATP2A2 enhanced the activity of the calcium-NFAT1-Foxp3 axis to promote naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate into Treg cells. Therefore, OA availability is critical for preprogramming thymocytes with Treg cell differentiation propensities in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqing Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keli Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Benming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhen Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Sui JY, Eichenfield DZ, Sun BK. The role of enhancers in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2023; 190:10-19. [PMID: 37658835 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory elements, particularly enhancers, play a crucial role in disease susceptibility and progression. Enhancers are DNA sequences that activate gene expression and can be affected by epigenetic modifications, interactions with transcription factors (TFs) or changes to the enhancer DNA sequence itself. Altered enhancer activity impacts gene expression and contributes to disease. In this review, we define enhancers and the experimental techniques used to identify and characterize them. We also discuss recent studies that examine how enhancers contribute to atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Articles in the PubMed database were identified (from 1 January 2010 to 28 February 2023) that were relevant to enhancer variants, enhancer-associated TFs and enhancer histone modifications in psoriasis or AD. Most enhancers associated with these conditions regulate genes affecting epidermal homeostasis or immune function. These discoveries present potential therapeutic targets to complement existing treatment options for AD and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Sui
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dawn Z Eichenfield
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryan K Sun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA
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19
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Christofi P, Pantazi C, Psatha N, Sakellari I, Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A. Promises and Pitfalls of Next-Generation Treg Adoptive Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5877. [PMID: 38136421 PMCID: PMC10742252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are fundamental to maintaining immune homeostasis by inhibiting immune responses to self-antigens and preventing the excessive activation of the immune system. Their functions extend beyond immune surveillance and subpopulations of tissue-resident Treg cells can also facilitate tissue repair and homeostasis. The unique ability to regulate aberrant immune responses has generated the concept of harnessing Tregs as a new cellular immunotherapy approach for reshaping undesired immune reactions in autoimmune diseases and allo-responses in transplantation to ultimately re-establish tolerance. However, a number of issues limit the broad clinical applicability of Treg adoptive immunotherapy, including the lack of antigen specificity, heterogeneity within the Treg population, poor persistence, functional Treg impairment in disease states, and in vivo plasticity that results in the loss of suppressive function. Although the early-phase clinical trials of Treg cell therapy have shown the feasibility and tolerability of the approach in several conditions, its efficacy has remained questionable. Leveraging the smart tools and platforms that have been successfully developed for primary T cell engineering in cancer, the field has now shifted towards "next-generation" adoptive Treg immunotherapy, where genetically modified Treg products with improved characteristics are being generated, as regards antigen specificity, function, persistence, and immunogenicity. Here, we review the state of the art on Treg adoptive immunotherapy and progress beyond it, while critically evaluating the hurdles and opportunities towards the materialization of Tregs as a living drug therapy for various inflammation states and the broad clinical translation of Treg therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Christofi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Pantazi
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Institute of Applied Biosciences (INAB), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Psatha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Sakellari
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7710, USA
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, Hematology Department, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.C.); (C.P.); (I.S.); (E.Y.)
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20
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Liu Z, Zheng Y. An immune-cell transcription factor tethers DNA together. Nature 2023; 624:255-256. [PMID: 38030764 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
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21
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Zhang W, Leng F, Wang X, Ramirez RN, Park J, Benoist C, Hur S. FOXP3 recognizes microsatellites and bridges DNA through multimerization. Nature 2023; 624:433-441. [PMID: 38030726 PMCID: PMC10719092 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3 is a transcription factor that is essential for the development of regulatory T cells, a branch of T cells that suppress excessive inflammation and autoimmunity1-5. However, the molecular mechanisms of FOXP3 remain unclear. Here we here show that FOXP3 uses the forkhead domain-a DNA-binding domain that is commonly thought to function as a monomer or dimer-to form a higher-order multimer after binding to TnG repeat microsatellites. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of FOXP3 in a complex with T3G repeats reveals a ladder-like architecture, whereby two double-stranded DNA molecules form the two 'side rails' bridged by five pairs of FOXP3 molecules, with each pair forming a 'rung'. Each FOXP3 subunit occupies TGTTTGT within the repeats in a manner that is indistinguishable from that of FOXP3 bound to the forkhead consensus motif (TGTTTAC). Mutations in the intra-rung interface impair TnG repeat recognition, DNA bridging and the cellular functions of FOXP3, all without affecting binding to the forkhead consensus motif. FOXP3 can tolerate variable inter-rung spacings, explaining its broad specificity for TnG-repeat-like sequences in vivo and in vitro. Both FOXP3 orthologues and paralogues show similar TnG repeat recognition and DNA bridging. These findings therefore reveal a mode of DNA recognition that involves transcription factor homomultimerization and DNA bridging, and further implicates microsatellites in transcriptional regulation and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fangwei Leng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo N Ramirez
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun Hur
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3-expressing (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress conventional T cells and are essential for immunological tolerance. FOXP3, the master transcription factor of Treg cells, controls the expression of multiples genes to guide Treg cell differentiation and function. However, only a small fraction (<10%) of Treg cell-associated genes are directly bound by FOXP3, and FOXP3 alone is insufficient to fully specify the Treg cell programme, indicating a role for other accessory transcription factors operating upstream, downstream and/or concurrently with FOXP3 to direct Treg cell specification and specialized functions. Indeed, the heterogeneity of Treg cells can be at least partially attributed to differential expression of transcription factors that fine-tune their trafficking, survival and functional properties, some of which are niche-specific. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of accessory transcription factors in controlling Treg cell identity. We specifically focus on members of the basic helix-loop-helix family (AHR), basic leucine zipper family (BACH2, NFIL3 and BATF), CUT homeobox family (SATB1), zinc-finger domain family (BLIMP1, Ikaros and BCL-11B) and interferon regulatory factor family (IRF4), as well as lineage-defining transcription factors (T-bet, GATA3, RORγt and BCL-6). Understanding the imprinting of Treg cell identity and specialized function will be key to unravelling basic mechanisms of autoimmunity and identifying novel targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Trujillo-Ochoa
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhang Z, Guo J, Jia R. Treg plasticity and human diseases. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2181-2197. [PMID: 37878023 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a subset of CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) with the characteristic expression of transcription factor FOXP3 play a key role in maintaining self-tolerance and regulating immune responses. However, in some inflammatory circumstances, Tregs can express cytokines of other T help (Th) cells by internal reprogramming, which is called Treg plasticity. These reprogrammed Tregs with impaired suppressive ability contribute to the progression of diseases by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such changes in phenotype rarely occur in Tregs, on the contrary, Tregs usually display a stronger suppressive function and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. It is important to understand the mechanisms of Treg plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. OBJECTIVES In this review, we summarize the characteristics of different Th-like Tregs and discuss the potential mechanisms of these changes in phenotype. Furthermore, we summarize the Treg plasticity in human diseases and discuss the effects of these changes in phenotype on disease progression, as well as the potential application of drugs or reagents that regulate Treg plasticity in human diseases. CONCLUSIONS Treg plasticity is associated with inflammatory diseases and cancers. Regulating Treg plasticity is a promising direction for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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24
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Zhang W, Leng F, Wang X, Ramirez RN, Park J, Benoist C, Hur S. FoxP3 recognizes microsatellites and bridges DNA through multimerization. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.12.548762. [PMID: 37986949 PMCID: PMC10659269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
FoxP3 is a transcription factor (TF) essential for development of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a branch of T cells that suppress excessive inflammation and autoimmunity 1-5 . Molecular mechanisms of FoxP3, however, remain elusive. We here show that FoxP3 utilizes the Forkhead domain--a DNA binding domain (DBD) that is commonly thought to function as a monomer or dimer--to form a higher-order multimer upon binding to T n G repeat microsatellites. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of FoxP3 in complex with T 3 G repeats reveals a ladder-like architecture, where two double-stranded DNA molecules form the two "side rails" bridged by five pairs of FoxP3 molecules, with each pair forming a "rung". Each FoxP3 subunit occupies TGTTTGT within the repeats in the manner indistinguishable from that of FoxP3 bound to the Forkhead consensus motif (FKHM; TGTTTAC). Mutations in the "intra-rung" interface impair T n G repeat recognition, DNA bridging and cellular functions of FoxP3, all without affecting FKHM binding. FoxP3 can tolerate variable "inter-rung" spacings, explaining its broad specificity for T n G repeat-like sequences in vivo and in vitro . Both FoxP3 orthologs and paralogs show similar T n G repeat recognition and DNA bridging. These findings thus reveal a new mode of DNA recognition that involves TF homo-multimerization and DNA bridging, and further implicates microsatellites in transcriptional regulation and diseases.
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25
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Abstract
Immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) provide a main mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Targeting Tregs, especially in the tumor microenvironment (TME), continues to be investigated to improve cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have unveiled intratumoral Treg heterogeneity and plasticity, furthering the complexity of the role of Tregs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy response. The phenotypic and functional diversity of intratumoral Tregs can impact their response to therapy and may offer new targets to modulate specific Treg subsets. In this review we provide a unifying framework of critical factors contributing to Treg heterogeneity and plasticity in the TME, and we discuss how this information can guide the development of more specific Treg-targeting therapies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hye Kang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Ma J, Hu W, Liu Y, Duan C, Zhang D, Wang Y, Cheng K, Yang L, Wu S, Jin B, Zhang Y, Zhuang R. CD226 maintains regulatory T cell phenotype stability and metabolism by the mTOR/Myc pathway under inflammatory conditions. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113306. [PMID: 37864795 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells exhibit immunosuppressive phenotypes and particular metabolic patterns with certain degrees of plasticity. Previous studies of the effects of the co-stimulatory molecule CD226 on Treg cells are controversial. Here, we show that CD226 primarily maintains the Treg cell stability and metabolism phenotype under inflammatory conditions. Conditional deletion of CD226 within Foxp3+ cells exacerbates symptoms in murine graft versus host disease models. Treg cell-specific deletion of CD226 increases the Treg cell percentage in immune organs but weakens their immunosuppressive function with a T helper 1-like phenotype conversion under inflammation. CD226-deficient Treg cells exhibit reduced oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis rates, which are regulated by the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/myelocytomatosis oncogene (Myc) pathway, and inhibition of Myc signaling restores the impaired functions of CD226-deficient Treg cells in an inflammatory disease model of colitis. This study reveals an Myc-mediated CD226 regulation of Treg cell phenotypic stability and metabolism, providing potential therapeutic strategies for targeted interventions of Treg cell-specific CD226 in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Emergency, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, #100 Western 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yitian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, #169 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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27
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Thomas M, Bruzeau C, Martin OA, Pollet J, Bender S, Carrion C, Le Noir S, Pinaud E. A dual function for the chromatin organizer Special A-T rich Binding Protein 1 in B-lineage cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1114-1126. [PMID: 37544964 PMCID: PMC10541883 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SATB1 (Special A-T rich Binding protein 1) is a cell type-specific factor that regulates the genetic network in developing T cells and neurons. In T cells, SATB1 is required for lineage commitment, VDJ recombination, development and maturation. Considering that its expression varies during B-cell differentiation, the involvement of SATB1 needs to be clarified in this lineage. Using a KO mouse model in which SATB1 was deleted from the pro-B-cell stage, we examined the consequences of SATB1 deletion in naive and activated B-cell subsets. Our model indicates first, unlike its essential function in T cells, that SATB1 is dispensable for B-cell development and the establishment of a broad IgH repertoire. Second, we show that SATB1 exhibits an ambivalent function in mature B cells, acting sequentially as a positive and negative regulator of Ig gene transcription in naive and activated cells, respectively. Third, our study indicates that the negative regulatory function of SATB1 in B cells extends to the germinal center response, in which this factor limits somatic hypermutation of Ig genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Thomas
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France
- Laboratoire Suivi des Thérapies Innovantes, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Bruzeau
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France
| | - Ophélie Alyssa Martin
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France
| | - Justine Pollet
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Bender
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Service d'Immunopathologie, Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Centre National de l'Amylose AL et Autres Maladies par Dépôt d'Immunoglobulines Monoclonales, Limoges, France
| | - Claire Carrion
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Le Noir
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France.
| | - Eric Pinaud
- Laboratoire Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Université de Limoges, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7276, Inserm Unité 1262, Limoges, France.
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Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells that express the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) are naturally present in the immune system and have roles in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune system and tissue homeostasis. Treg cells suppress T cell activation, expansion and effector functions by various mechanisms, particularly by controlling the functions of antigen-presenting cells. They can also contribute to tissue repair by suppressing inflammation and facilitating tissue regeneration, for example, via the production of growth factors and the promotion of stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Monogenic anomalies of Treg cells and genetic variations of Treg cell functional molecules can cause or predispose patients to the development of autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory disorders, including kidney diseases. Treg cells can potentially be utilized or targeted to treat immunological diseases and establish transplantation tolerance, for example, by expanding natural Treg cells in vivo using IL-2 or small molecules or by expanding them in vitro for adoptive Treg cell therapy. Efforts are also being made to convert antigen-specific conventional T cells into Treg cells and to generate chimeric antigen receptor Treg cells from natural Treg cells for adoptive Treg cell therapies with the aim of achieving antigen-specific immune suppression and tolerance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Mikami
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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29
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Shin B, Zhou W, Wang J, Gao F, Rothenberg EV. Runx factors launch T cell and innate lymphoid programs via direct and gene network-based mechanisms. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1458-1472. [PMID: 37563311 PMCID: PMC10673614 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Runx factors are essential for lineage specification of various hematopoietic cells, including T lymphocytes. However, they regulate context-specific genes and occupy distinct genomic regions in different cell types. Here, we show that dynamic Runx binding shifts in mouse early T cell development are mostly not restricted by local chromatin state but regulated by Runx dosage and functional partners. Runx cofactors compete to recruit a limited pool of Runx factors in early T progenitor cells, and a modest increase in Runx protein availability at pre-commitment stages causes premature Runx occupancy at post-commitment binding sites. This increased Runx factor availability results in striking T cell lineage developmental acceleration by selectively activating T cell-identity and innate lymphoid cell programs. These programs are collectively regulated by Runx together with other, Runx-induced transcription factors that co-occupy Runx-target genes and propagate gene network changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Shin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Wen Zhou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- BillionToOne, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Beckman Institute of California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Lyterian Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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30
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Zelenka T, Papamatheakis DA, Tzerpos P, Panagopoulos G, Tsolis KC, Papadakis VM, Mariatos Metaxas D, Papadogkonas G, Mores E, Kapsetaki M, Papamatheakis J, Stanek D, Spilianakis C. A novel SATB1 protein isoform with different biophysical properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1242481. [PMID: 37635874 PMCID: PMC10457122 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1242481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-thymic T cell development is coordinated by the regulatory actions of SATB1 genome organizer. In this report, we show that SATB1 is involved in the regulation of transcription and splicing, both of which displayed deregulation in Satb1 knockout murine thymocytes. More importantly, we characterized a novel SATB1 protein isoform and described its distinct biophysical behavior, implicating potential functional differences compared to the commonly studied isoform. SATB1 utilized its prion-like domains to transition through liquid-like states to aggregated structures. This behavior was dependent on protein concentration as well as phosphorylation and interaction with nuclear RNA. Notably, the long SATB1 isoform was more prone to aggregate following phase separation. Thus, the tight regulation of SATB1 isoforms expression levels alongside with protein post-translational modifications, are imperative for SATB1's mode of action in T cell development. Our data indicate that deregulation of these processes may also be linked to disorders such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Zelenka
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dionysios-Alexandros Papamatheakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos C. Tsolis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vassilis M. Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - George Papadogkonas
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Mores
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manouela Kapsetaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Joseph Papamatheakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - David Stanek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Charalampos Spilianakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology—Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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31
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Venken K, Jarlborg M, Decruy T, Mortier C, Vlieghe C, Gilis E, De Craemer AS, Coudenys J, Cambré I, Fleury D, Klimowicz A, Van den Bosch F, Hoorens A, Lobaton T, de Roock S, Sparwasser T, Nabozny G, Jacques P, Elewaut D. Distinct immune modulatory roles of regulatory T cells in gut versus joint inflammation in TNF-driven spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1076-1090. [PMID: 37197892 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gut and joint inflammation commonly co-occur in spondyloarthritis (SpA) which strongly restricts therapeutic modalities. The immunobiology underlying differences between gut and joint immune regulation, however, is poorly understood. We therefore assessed the immunoregulatory role of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in a model of Crohn's-like ileitis and concomitant arthritis. METHODS RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry was performed on inflamed gut and joint samples and tissue-derived Tregs from tumour necrosis factor (TNF)∆ARE mice. In situ hybridisation of TNF and its receptors (TNFR) was applied to human SpA gut biopsies. Soluble TNFR (sTNFR) levels were measured in serum of mice and patients with SpA and controls. Treg function was explored by in vitro cocultures and in vivo by conditional Treg depletion. RESULTS Chronic TNF exposure induced several TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members (4-1BBL, TWEAK and TRAIL) in synovium and ileum in a site-specific manner. Elevated TNFR2 messenger RNA levels were noted in TNF∆ARE/+ mice leading to increased sTNFR2 release. Likewise, sTNFR2 levels were higher in patients with SpA with gut inflammation and distinct from inflammatory and healthy controls. Tregs accumulated at both gut and joints of TNF∆ARE mice, yet their TNFR2 expression and suppressive function was significantly lower in synovium versus ileum. In line herewith, synovial and intestinal Tregs displayed a distinct transcriptional profile with tissue-restricted TNFSF receptor and p38MAPK gene expression. CONCLUSIONS These data point to profound differences in immune-regulation between Crohn's ileitis and peripheral arthritis. Whereas Tregs control ileitis they fail to dampen joint inflammation. Synovial resident Tregs are particularly maladapted to chronic TNF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Venken
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Jarlborg
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Céline Mortier
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolien Vlieghe
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann-Sophie De Craemer
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cambré
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Devan Fleury
- Immunology and Respiratory Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre Ridgefield, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexander Klimowicz
- Immunology and Respiratory Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre Ridgefield, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Filip Van den Bosch
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Triana Lobaton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Gastroenterology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sytze de Roock
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Intervention CMCI, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Immunology and Respiratory Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Corp Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre Ridgefield, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peggy Jacques
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics (Rheumatology unit), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Nomura A, Kobayashi T, Seo W, Ohno-Oishi M, Kakugawa K, Muroi S, Yoshida H, Endo TA, Moro K, Taniuchi I. Identification of a novel enhancer essential for Satb1 expression in T H2 cells and activated ILC2s. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301897. [PMID: 37193606 PMCID: PMC10189277 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome organizer, special AT-rich binding protein-1 (SATB1), functions to globally regulate gene networks during primary T cell development and plays a pivotal role in lineage specification in CD4+ helper-, CD8+ cytotoxic-, and FOXP3+ regulatory-T cell subsets. However, it remains unclear how Satb1 gene expression is controlled, particularly in effector T cell function. Here, by using a novel reporter mouse strain expressing SATB1-Venus and genome editing, we have identified a cis-regulatory enhancer, essential for maintaining Satb1 expression specifically in TH2 cells. This enhancer is occupied by STAT6 and interacts with Satb1 promoters through chromatin looping in TH2 cells. Reduction of Satb1 expression, by the lack of this enhancer, resulted in elevated IL-5 expression in TH2 cells. In addition, we found that Satb1 is induced in activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) through this enhancer. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into how Satb1 expression is regulated in TH2 cells and ILC2s during type 2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Nomura
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wooseok Seo
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiko Ohno-Oishi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Kakugawa
- Laboratory for Immune Crosstalk, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sawako Muroi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Laboratory for YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaho A Endo
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School for Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences(IMS), Yokohama, Japan
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Baßler K, Schmidleithner L, Shakiba MH, Elmzzahi T, Köhne M, Floess S, Scholz R, Ohkura N, Sadlon T, Klee K, Neubauer A, Sakaguchi S, Barry SC, Huehn J, Bonaguro L, Ulas T, Beyer M. Identification of the novel FOXP3-dependent T reg cell transcription factor MEOX1 by high-dimensional analysis of human CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107397. [PMID: 37559728 PMCID: PMC10407399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response through their capacity to activate, support and control other immune cells. Although these cells have become the focus of intense research, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying regulatory networks that orchestrate CD4+ T cell function and activation is still incomplete. Here, we analyzed a large transcriptomic dataset consisting of 48 different human CD4+ T cell conditions. By performing reverse network engineering, we identified six common denominators of CD4+ T cell functionality (CREB1, E2F3, AHR, STAT1, NFAT5 and NFATC3). Moreover, we also analyzed condition-specific genes which led us to the identification of the transcription factor MEOX1 in Treg cells. Expression of MEOX1 was comparable to FOXP3 in Treg cells and can be upregulated by IL-2. Epigenetic analyses revealed a permissive epigenetic landscape for MEOX1 solely in Treg cells. Knockdown of MEOX1 in Treg cells revealed a profound impact on downstream gene expression programs and Treg cell suppressive capacity. These findings in the context of CD4+ T cells contribute to a better understanding of the transcriptional networks and biological mechanisms controlling CD4+ T cell functionality, which opens new avenues for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baßler
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa Schmidleithner
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tarek Elmzzahi
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maren Köhne
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rebekka Scholz
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Timothy Sadlon
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Norwich Centre, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathrin Klee
- LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Neubauer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Simon C. Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Norwich Centre, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Systems Medicine, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- LIMES-Institute, Laboratory for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Immunogenomics & Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE, Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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34
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Lee EY, Dai Z, Jaiswal A, Wang EHC, Anandasabapathy N, Christiano AM. Functional interrogation of lymphocyte subsets in alopecia areata using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305764120. [PMID: 37428932 PMCID: PMC10629527 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305764120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is among the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, but the development of innovative therapeutic strategies has lagged due to an incomplete understanding of the immunological underpinnings of disease. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of skin-infiltrating immune cells from the graft-induced C3H/HeJ mouse model of AA, coupled with antibody-based depletion to interrogate the functional role of specific cell types in AA in vivo. Since AA is predominantly T cell-mediated, we focused on dissecting lymphocyte function in AA. Both our scRNAseq and functional studies established CD8+ T cells as the primary disease-driving cell type in AA. Only the depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, NK, B, or γδ T cells, was sufficient to prevent and reverse AA. Selective depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) showed that Treg are protective against AA in C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that failure of Treg-mediated immunosuppression is not a major disease mechanism in AA. Focused analyses of CD8+ T cells revealed five subsets, whose heterogeneity is defined by an "effectorness gradient" of interrelated transcriptional states that culminate in increased effector function and tissue residency. scRNAseq of human AA skin showed that CD8+ T cells in human AA follow a similar trajectory, underscoring that shared mechanisms drive disease in both murine and human AA. Our study represents a comprehensive, systematic interrogation of lymphocyte heterogeneity in AA and uncovers a novel framework for AA-associated CD8+ T cells with implications for the design of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Zhenpeng Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Abhinav Jaiswal
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Eddy Hsi Chun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Angela M. Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
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35
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Jovisic M, Mambetsariev N, Singer BD, Morales-Nebreda L. Differential roles of regulatory T cells in acute respiratory infections. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170505. [PMID: 37463441 DOI: 10.1172/jci170505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections trigger an inflammatory immune response with the goal of pathogen clearance; however, overexuberant inflammation causes tissue damage and impairs pulmonary function. CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) interact with cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system to limit acute pulmonary inflammation and promote its resolution. Tregs also provide tissue protection and coordinate lung tissue repair, facilitating a return to homeostatic pulmonary function. Here, we review Treg-mediated modulation of the host response to respiratory pathogens, focusing on mechanisms underlying how Tregs promote resolution of inflammation and repair of acute lung injury. We also discuss potential strategies to harness and optimize Tregs as a cellular therapy for patients with severe acute respiratory infection and discuss open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovisic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
| | | | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science
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36
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Ding C, Yu Z, Sefik E, Zhou J, Kaffe E, Wang G, Li B, Flavell RA, Hu W, Ye Y, Li HB. A T reg-specific long noncoding RNA maintains immune-metabolic homeostasis in aging liver. Nat Aging 2023; 3:813-828. [PMID: 37277640 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells modulate several aging-related liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating Treg function in this context are unknown. Here we identified a long noncoding RNA, Altre (aging liver Treg-expressed non-protein-coding RNA), which was specifically expressed in the nucleus of Treg cells and increased with aging. Treg-specific deletion of Altre did not affect Treg homeostasis and function in young mice but caused Treg metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory liver microenvironment, liver fibrosis and liver cancer in aged mice. Depletion of Altre reduced Treg mitochondrial integrity and respiratory capacity, and induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, thus increasing intrahepatic Treg apoptosis in aged mice. Moreover, lipidomic analysis identified a specific lipid species driving Treg aging and apoptosis in the aging liver microenvironment. Mechanistically, Altre interacts with Yin Yang 1 to orchestrate its occupation on chromatin, thereby regulating the expression of a group of mitochondrial genes, and maintaining optimal mitochondrial function and Treg fitness in the liver of aged mice. In conclusion, the Treg-specific nuclear long noncoding RNA Altre maintains the immune-metabolic homeostasis of the aged liver through Yin Yang 1-regulated optimal mitochondrial function and the Treg-sustained liver immune microenvironment. Thus, Altre is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver diseases affecting older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ding
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gaoyang Wang
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Medical Center on Aging, Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
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37
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Wilkes MC, Chae HD, Scanlon V, Cepika AM, Wentworth EP, Saxena M, Eskin A, Chen Z, Glader B, Grazia Roncarolo M, Nelson SF, Sakamoto KM. SATB1 Chromatin Loops Regulate Megakaryocyte/Erythroid Progenitor Expansion by Facilitating HSP70 and GATA1 Induction. Stem Cells 2023; 41:560-569. [PMID: 36987811 PMCID: PMC10267687 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with severe anemia, congenital malformations, and an increased risk of developing cancer. The chromatin-binding special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) is downregulated in megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (MEPs) in patients and cell models of DBA, leading to a reduction in MEP expansion. Here we demonstrate that SATB1 expression is required for the upregulation of the critical erythroid factors heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and GATA1 which accompanies MEP differentiation. SATB1 binding to specific sites surrounding the HSP70 genes promotes chromatin loops that are required for the induction of HSP70, which, in turn, promotes GATA1 induction. This demonstrates that SATB1, although gradually downregulated during myelopoiesis, maintains a biological function in early myeloid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Wilkes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hee-Don Chae
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Scanlon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cooperative Center of Excellence in Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alma-Martina Cepika
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ethan P Wentworth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mallika Saxena
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ascia Eskin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zugen Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bert Glader
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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38
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Blinova VG, Vasilyev VI, Rodionova EB, Zhdanov DD. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in the Onset and Progression of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37408193 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in maintaining immune balance and regulating the loss of self-tolerance mechanisms in various autoimmune diseases, including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). With the development of pSS primarily in the exocrine glands, lymphocytic infiltration occurs in the early stages, mainly due to activated CD4+ T cells. Subsequently, in the absence of rational therapy, patients develop ectopic lymphoid structures and lymphomas. While the suppression of autoactivated CD4+ T cells is involved in the pathological process, the main role belongs to Tregs, making them a target for research and possible regenerative therapy. However, the available information about their role in the onset and progression of this disease seems unsystematized and, in certain aspects, controversial. In our review, we aimed to organize the data on the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of pSS, as well as to discuss possible strategies of cell therapy for this disease. This review provides information on the differentiation, activation, and suppressive functions of Tregs and the role of the FoxP3 protein in these processes. It also highlights data on various subpopulations of Tregs in pSS, their proportion in the peripheral blood and minor salivary glands of patients as well as their role in the development of ectopic lymphoid structures. Our data emphasize the need for further research on Tregs and highlight their potential use as a cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara G Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Vasilyev
- Joint and Heart Treatment Center, Nizhnyaya Krasnoselskaya St. 4, 107140 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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39
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Wang B, Ji L, Bian Q. SATB1 regulates 3D genome architecture in T cells by constraining chromatin interactions surrounding CTCF-binding sites. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112323. [PMID: 37000624 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) has long been proposed to act as a global chromatin loop organizer in T cells. However, the exact functions of SATB1 in spatial genome organization remain elusive. Here we show that the depletion of SATB1 in human and murine T cells leads to transcriptional dysregulation for genes involved in T cell activation, as well as alterations of 3D genome architecture at multiple levels, including compartments, topologically associating domains, and loops. Importantly, SATB1 extensively colocalizes with CTCF throughout the genome. Depletion of SATB1 leads to increased chromatin contacts among and across the SATB1/CTCF co-occupied sites, thereby affecting the transcription of critical regulators of T cell activation. The loss of SATB1 does not affect CTCF occupancy but significantly reduces the retention of CTCF in the nuclear matrix. Collectively, our data show that SATB1 contributes to 3D genome organization by constraining chromatin topology surrounding CTCF-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Wang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Luzhang Ji
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Qian Bian
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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40
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Kravchuk EV, Ashniev GA, Gladkova MG, Orlov AV, Vasileva AV, Boldyreva AV, Burenin AG, Skirda AM, Nikitin PI, Orlova NN. Experimental Validation and Prediction of Super-Enhancers: Advances and Challenges. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081191. [PMID: 37190100 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) are cis-regulatory elements of the human genome that have been widely discussed since the discovery and origin of the term. Super-enhancers have been shown to be strongly associated with the expression of genes crucial for cell differentiation, cell stability maintenance, and tumorigenesis. Our goal was to systematize research studies dedicated to the investigation of structure and functions of super-enhancers as well as to define further perspectives of the field in various applications, such as drug development and clinical use. We overviewed the fundamental studies which provided experimental data on various pathologies and their associations with particular super-enhancers. The analysis of mainstream approaches for SE search and prediction allowed us to accumulate existing data and propose directions for further algorithmic improvements of SEs' reliability levels and efficiency. Thus, here we provide the description of the most robust algorithms such as ROSE, imPROSE, and DEEPSEN and suggest their further use for various research and development tasks. The most promising research direction, which is based on topic and number of published studies, are cancer-associated super-enhancers and prospective SE-targeted therapy strategies, most of which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Kravchuk
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, MSU, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - German A Ashniev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, MSU, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, MSU, 1-73, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina G Gladkova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory, MSU, 1-73, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Orlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Vasileva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Boldyreva
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr G Burenin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy M Skirda
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr I Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Orlova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Iriki H, Takahashi H, Amagai M. Diverse Role of OX40 on T Cells as a Therapeutic Target for Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:545-553. [PMID: 36842860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OX40 is an important costimulatory molecule for T-cell expansion and survival. Because OX40 is expressed on most T-cell subsets, it is an attractive therapeutic target for a variety of T-cell‒mediated diseases. Clinical trials are already underway for some skin inflammatory diseases. In this review, we present various observations that improve our understanding of how OX40-targeted therapy can be applied for skin inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, T helper (Th)2- and Th17-mediated diseases, respectively. The important OX40/OX40L-mediated interaction between T cells and other immune cells is also discussed in terms of skin autoimmune diseases, such as alopecia areata and pemphigus. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) highly express OX40, and the skin harbors a large Treg population; thus, understanding how OX40-targeted treatment acts on Tregs is vital for the development of therapeutic strategies for various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Iriki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Skin Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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42
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Dolsten GA, Pritykin Y. Genomic Analysis of Foxp3 Function in Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol 2023; 210:880-887. [PMID: 36947819 PMCID: PMC10037560 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for tolerance to self-antigens and for preventing autoimmunity. Foxp3 has been identified as a Treg cell lineage-defining transcription factor controlling Treg cell differentiation and function. In this article, we review the current mechanistic and systemic understanding of Foxp3 function enabled by experimental and computational advances in high-throughput genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Dolsten
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yuri Pritykin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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43
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Kubagawa H, Clark C, Skopnik CM, Mahmoudi Aliabadi P, Al-Qaisi K, Teuber R, Jani PK, Radbruch A, Melchers F, Engels N, Wienands J. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of IgM Fc Receptor (FcµR) Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065728. [PMID: 36982860 PMCID: PMC10058298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IgM is the first antibody to emerge during phylogeny, ontogeny, and immune responses and serves as a first line of defense. Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of IgM, such as complement and its receptors, have been extensively studied for their functions. IgM Fc receptor (FcµR), identified in 2009, is the newest member of the FcR family and is intriguingly expressed by lymphocytes only, suggesting the existence of distinct functions as compared to the FcRs for switched Ig isotypes, which are expressed by various immune and non-hematopoietic cells as central mediators of antibody-triggered responses by coupling the adaptive and innate immune responses. Results from FcµR-deficient mice suggest a regulatory function of FcµR in B cell tolerance, as evidenced by their propensity to produce autoantibodies of both IgM and IgG isotypes. In this article, we discuss conflicting views about the cellular distribution and potential functions of FcµR. The signaling function of the Ig-tail tyrosine-like motif in the FcµR cytoplasmic domain is now formally shown by substitutional experiments with the IgG2 B cell receptor. The potential adaptor protein associating with FcµR and the potential cleavage of its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail after IgM binding are still enigmatic. Critical amino acid residues in the Ig-like domain of FcµR for interacting with the IgM Cµ4 domain and the mode of interaction are now defined by crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopic analyses. Some discrepancies on these interactions are discussed. Finally, elevated levels of a soluble FcµR isoform in serum samples are described as the consequence of persistent B cell receptor stimulation, as seen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and probably in antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caren Clark
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Teuber
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter K Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Engels
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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44
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Teghanemt A, Misel-Wuchter K, Heath J, Thurman A, Pulipati P, Dixit G, Geesala R, Meyerholz DK, Maretzky T, Pezzulo A, Issuree PD. DNA demethylation fine-tunes IL-2 production during thymic regulatory T cell differentiation. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55543. [PMID: 36880575 PMCID: PMC10157375 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (T reg) cells developing in the thymus are essential to maintain tolerance and prevent fatal autoimmunity in mice and humans. Expression of the T reg lineage-defining transcription factor FoxP3 is critically dependent upon T cell receptor (TCR) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling. Here, we report that ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, which are DNA demethylases, are required early during double-positive (DP) thymic T cell differentiation and prior to the upregulation of FoxP3 in CD4 single-positive (SP) thymocytes, to promote Treg differentiation. We show that Tet3 selectively controls the development of CD25- FoxP3lo CD4SP Treg cell precursors in the thymus and is critical for TCR-dependent IL-2 production, which drive chromatin remodeling at the FoxP3 locus as well as other Treg-effector gene loci in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Together, our results demonstrate a novel role for DNA demethylation in regulating the TCR response and promoting Treg cell differentiation. These findings highlight a novel epigenetic pathway to promote the generation of endogenous Treg cells for mitigation of autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmane Teghanemt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kara Misel-Wuchter
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jace Heath
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Priyanjali Pulipati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garima Dixit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ramasatya Geesala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alejandro Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
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45
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Tanaka A, Maeda S, Nomura T, Llamas-Covarrubias MA, Tanaka S, Jin L, Lim EL, Morikawa H, Kitagawa Y, Akizuki S, Ito Y, Fujimori C, Hirota K, Murase T, Hashimoto M, Higo J, Zamoyska R, Ueda R, Standley DM, Sakaguchi N, Sakaguchi S. Construction of a T cell receptor signaling range for spontaneous development of autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213728. [PMID: 36454183 PMCID: PMC9718937 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic selection and peripheral activation of conventional T (Tconv) and regulatory T (Treg) cells depend on TCR signaling, whose anomalies are causative of autoimmunity. Here, we expressed in normal mice mutated ZAP-70 molecules with different affinities for the CD3 chains, or wild type ZAP-70 at graded expression levels under tetracycline-inducible control. Both manipulations reduced TCR signaling intensity to various extents and thereby rendered those normally deleted self-reactive thymocytes to become positively selected and form a highly autoimmune TCR repertoire. The signal reduction more profoundly affected Treg development and function because their TCR signaling was further attenuated by Foxp3 that physiologically repressed the expression of TCR-proximal signaling molecules, including ZAP-70, upon TCR stimulation. Consequently, the TCR signaling intensity reduced to a critical range generated pathogenic autoimmune Tconv cells and concurrently impaired Treg development/function, leading to spontaneous occurrence of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. These results provide a general model of how altered TCR signaling evokes autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Frontier Research in Tumor Immunology, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Maeda
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mara Anais Llamas-Covarrubias
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lin Jin
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ee Lyn Lim
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Morikawa
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yohko Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuji Akizuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinaga Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Fujimori
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tosei Murase
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junichi Higo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daron M Standley
- Laboratory of Systems Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Noriko Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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46
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Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex system composed of cancer cells, stromal cells and immune cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the TME impede immune surveillance of tumours and suppress antitumor immune responses. Transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) is the main marker of Tregs, which dominates the function of Tregs. FOXP3 was originally thought to be a Tregs-specific expression molecule, and recent studies have found that FOXP3 is expressed in a variety of tumours with inconsistent functional roles. This review summarizes the recent progress of infiltrating Treg-FOXP3 and tumour-FOXP3 in TME, discusses the communication mechanism between FOXP3+ cells and effector T cells in TME, the relationship between FOXP3 and clinical prognosis, and the potential of FOXP3-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Qingdao Medical School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ruining Gong
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Ren
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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47
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Malviya V, Yshii L, Junius S, Garg AD, Humblet-Baron S, Schlenner SM. Regulatory T-cell stability and functional plasticity in health and disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:112-129. [PMID: 36479949 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells (Treg ) are indispensable for immune homeostasis and tolerance, and in addition tissue-resident Treg have been found to perform noncanonical, tissue-specific functions. For optimal tolerogenic function during inflammatory disease, Treg are equipped with mechanisms that assure lineage stability. Treg lineage stability is closely linked to the installation and maintenance of a lineage-specific epigenetic landscape, specifically a Treg -specific DNA demethylation pattern. At the same time, for local and directed immune regulation Treg must possess a level of functional plasticity that requires them to partially acquire T helper cell (TH ) transcriptional programs-then referred to as TH -like Treg . Unleashing TH programs in Treg , however, is not without risk and may threaten the epigenetic stability of Treg with consequently pathogenic ex-Treg contributing to (auto-) inflammatory conditions. Here, we review how the Treg -stabilizing epigenetic landscape is installed and maintained, and further discuss the development, necessity and lineage instability risks of TH 1-, TH 2-, TH 17-like Treg and follicular Treg .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshika Malviya
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Yshii
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffie Junius
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Li Q, Lu J, Li J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Ying T. Antibody-based cancer immunotherapy by targeting regulatory T cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1157345. [PMID: 37182149 PMCID: PMC10174253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1157345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are among the most abundant suppressive cells, which infiltrate and accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor escape by inducing anergy and immunosuppression. Their presence has been correlated with tumor progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Targeting tumor-associated Tregs is an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches, but it may also trigger autoimmune diseases. The major limitation of current therapies targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment is the lack of selective targets. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs express high levels of cell surface molecules associated with T-cell activation, such as CTLA4, PD-1, LAG3, TIGIT, ICOS, and TNF receptor superfamily members including 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR. Targeting these molecules often attribute to concurrent depletion of antitumor effector T-cell populations. Therefore, novel approaches need to improve the specificity of targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment without affecting peripheral Tregs and effector T cells. In this review, we discuss the immunosuppressive mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and the status of antibody-based immunotherapies targeting Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlei Ying, ; Yanling Wu,
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlei Ying, ; Yanling Wu,
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49
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Zhang M, Zhang X. T cells in ocular autoimmune uveitis: Pathways and therapeutic approaches. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109565. [PMID: 36535124 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a non-infectious intraocular condition that affects the uveal tract of the eye and threatens vision if not treated properly. Increasing evidence suggests that activated CD4+ T cells are associated with progressive and permanent destruction of photoreceptors in ocular autoimmune diseases. As such, the purpose of this review is to offer an overview of the role of CD4+ T cells in autoimmune uveitis as well as a justification for the current development and assessment of innovative autoimmune uveitis medications targeting CD4+ T cells. With an emphasis on T helper (Th)17, Th1, and Th2 cells, follicular helper CD4+ T cells, and regulatory T cells, this review presents a summary of recent research related to the pathways and signaling that encourage CD4+ T cells to develop into specialized effector cells. We also describe immunotherapeutic approaches based on CD4+ T cell subsets and their potential as therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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50
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Ghobadinezhad F, Ebrahimi N, Mozaffari F, Moradi N, Beiranvand S, Pournazari M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Khorram R, Afshinpour M, Robino RA, Aref AR, Ferreira LMR. The emerging role of regulatory cell-based therapy in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075813. [PMID: 36591309 PMCID: PMC9795194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease, caused by unwanted immune responses to self-antigens, affects millions of people each year and poses a great social and economic burden to individuals and communities. In the course of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and multiple sclerosis, disturbances in the balance between the immune response against harmful agents and tolerance towards self-antigens lead to an immune response against self-tissues. In recent years, various regulatory immune cells have been identified. Disruptions in the quality, quantity, and function of these cells have been implicated in autoimmune disease development. Therefore, targeting or engineering these cells is a promising therapeutic for different autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, regulatory dendritic cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and some subsets of innate lymphoid cells are arising as important players among this class of cells. Here, we review the roles of each suppressive cell type in the immune system during homeostasis and in the development of autoimmunity. Moreover, we discuss the current and future therapeutic potential of each one of these cell types for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mozaffari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Neda Moradi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, University of Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Pournazari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Afshinpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rob A. Robino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Xsphera Biosciences, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
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