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Di Palma M, Catalano M, Serpe C, De Luca M, Monaco L, Kunzelmann K, Limatola C, Conti F, Fattorini G. Lipopolysaccharide augments microglial GABA uptake by increasing GABA transporter-1 trafficking and bestrophin-1 expression. Glia 2023; 71:2527-2540. [PMID: 37431178 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, affects numerous immune cell functions. Microglia, the brain's resident innate immune cells, regulate GABA signaling through GABA receptors and express the complete GABAergic machinery for GABA synthesis, uptake, and release. Here, the use of primary microglial cell cultures and ex vivo brain tissue sections allowed for demonstrating that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased microglial GABA uptake as well as GABA transporter (GAT)-1 trafficking. This effect was not entirely abolished by treatment with GAT inhibitors (GAT-Is). Notably, LPS also induced microglial upregulation of bestrophin-1 (BEST-1), a Ca2+ -activated Cl- channel permeable to GABA. Combined administration of GAT-Is and a BEST-1 inhibitor completely abolished LPS-induced microglial GABA uptake. Interestingly, increased microglial GAT-1 membrane turnover via syntaxin 1A was detected in LPS-treated cultures after BEST-1 blockade. Altogether, these findings provided evidence for a novel mechanism through which LPS may trigger the inflammatory response by directly altering microglial GABA clearance and identified the GAT-1/BEST-1 interplay as a potential novel mechanism involved in brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Di Palma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Serpe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariassunta De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
- Fondazione di Medicina Molecolare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fattorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
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Couto GT, Caetano HA, da Silva GP, Rockenbach L, Silva JSD, Vianna MR, Da Silva RS. Functioning and Gene Expression of Adenosine A 1 Receptor During Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Development. Zebrafish 2023; 20:210-220. [PMID: 37856674 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The A1 adenosine receptor is the most widely expressed P1 receptor in vertebrates, performing inhibitory tone of the nervous system. Increased levels of adenosine are crucial to promote tissue protection in threatening situations, such as convulsion and hypoxia. Zebrafish is an established model organism for studies on health and disease. In this study, we evaluated the functionality of A1 adenosine receptor through development of zebrafish (6-7-day-, 3-, 8-, and 24-month-old), assessing: (I) the effects of the agonist N6-cyclopenthyladenosine (CPA) over locomotor parameters, (II) the anticonvulsant properties of CPA and adenosine per se in the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure, and (III) the gene expression of adora1b through development. CPA promoted decreased distance traveled in the highest concentrations/doses tested (larvae: 75 to 500 μM; adults: 20 mg.kg-1), altered mean velocity (larvae: 50-500 μM; adults: 20 mg.kg-1) and time in the bottom zone of apparatus (adults: decrease in 20 mg.kg-1). Adenosine increased the latency of the larvae to reach stage II at 5 and 10 μM. CPA anticonvulsant effect against convulsive stage II was reached at 75 μM, although it decreased basal locomotor activity in larvae. For adults, CPA 10 mg.kg-1 was effective as anticonvulsant without locomotory effects. Adenosine had minor anticonvulsant effects in the concentration tested (larvae: 5 and 10 μM). The level of gene expression of adora1b was stable in brain from adult animals (8- and 24-month-old animals). These results suggest that zebrafish has similar responses to CPA as mammals. To avoid confounding factors, such as locomotor effects, during any brain function investigation using A1 adenosine receptor as a target, the concentration below 75 μM or below the dose of 20 mg.kg-1 of CPA is ideal for zebrafish at larval and adult stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trevisan Couto
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontificia Universidade, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Higor Arruda Caetano
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontificia Universidade, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pietro da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontificia Universidade, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liliana Rockenbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação me Medician e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Scheid da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontificia Universidade, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Monica Ryff Vianna
- Laboratório de Biologia do Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza Da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Camacho-Hernández NP, Peña-Ortega F. Fractalkine/CX3CR1-Dependent Modulation of Synaptic and Network Plasticity in Health and Disease. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:4637073. [PMID: 36644710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4637073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CX3CR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed exclusively by microglia within the brain parenchyma. The only known physiological CX3CR1 ligand is the chemokine fractalkine (FKN), which is constitutively expressed in neuronal cell membranes and tonically released by them. Through its key role in microglia-neuron communication, the FKN/CX3CR1 axis regulates microglial state, neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and a variety of synaptic functions, as well as neuronal excitability via cytokine release modulation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Thus, the absence of CX3CR1 or any failure in the FKN/CX3CR1 axis has been linked to alterations in different brain functions, including changes in synaptic and network plasticity in structures such as the hippocampus, cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Since synaptic plasticity is a basic phenomenon in neural circuit integration and adjustment, here, we will review its modulation by the FKN/CX3CR1 axis in diverse brain circuits and its impact on brain function and adaptation in health and disease.
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Zhao J, Li Q, Ouyang X, Wang F, Li Q, Xu Z, Ji D, Wu Q, Zhang J, Lu C, Ji S, Li S. The effect of CX3CL1/ CX3CR1 signal axis on microglia in central nervous system diseases. Journal of Neurorestoratology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnrt.2023.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Paul D, Basavan D. Implications of fractalkine on glial function, ablation and glial proteins/receptors/markers—understanding its therapeutic usefulness in neurological settings: a narrative review. Futur J Pharm Sci 2022; 8:56. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine predominantly released by neurons. As a signaling molecule, CX3CL1 facilitates talk between neurons and glia. CX3CL1 is considered as a potential target which could alleviate neuroinflammation. However, certain controversial results and ambiguous role of CX3CL1 make it inexorable to decipher the overall effects of CX3CL1 on the physiopathology of glial cells.
Main body of the abstract
Implications of cross-talk between CX3CL1 and different glial proteins/receptors/markers will give a bird eye view of the therapeutic significance of CX3CL1. Keeping with the need, this review identifies the effects of CX3CL1 on glial physiopathology, glial ablation, and gives a wide coverage on the effects of CX3CL1 on certain glial proteins/receptors/markers.
Short conclusion
Pinpoint prediction of the therapeutic effect of CX3CL1 on neuroinflammation needs further research. This is owing to certain obscure roles and implications of CX3CL1 on different glial proteins/receptors/markers, which are crucial under neurological settings. Further challenges are imposed due to the dichotomous roles played by CX3CL1. The age-old chemokine shows many newer scopes of research in near future. Thus, overall assessment of the effect of CX3CL1 becomes crucial prior to its administration in neuroinflammation.
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Liu Z, Zhao H, Liu J, Han Y, Wang Y. FKN/NR Signaling Pathway Regulates Hippocampal Inflammatory Responses: the Survival of Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36072409 PMCID: PMC9444384 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8980627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the mechanism via which FKN/CX3CR1 signaling abnormalities mediate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDA) overexcitation-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in diabetic rats complicated with depression (DD). Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The depression-like behaviors of the rats were evaluated by open field test and Morris water maze. The pathological changes of hippocampus in DD rats were observed by HE staining. The blood levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and neurotransmitters (D-serine and glutamic acid) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of BDNF, A1 receptor (A1R), A2 receptor (A2R), A3 receptor (A3R), calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII), CX3CR1, CX3CL1 (FKN), NR2A, and NR2B proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting. Results Compared with the normal control group, blood glucose level increased significantly and body weight decreased in T2DM group and T2DMC group. In addition, the number of spontaneous activities significantly decreased and the capability of learning and memory was attenuated in T2DMC group and Chronic Stress group. The blood levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, glutamate (Glu), and D-serine significantly increased in each model group. After intervention with CX3CR1 antibody, the expressions of BDNF, CaMK II, A1R, and A3R increased and those of A2R, CX3CR1, FKN, NR2A, and NR2B decreased. Conclusion In the diabetic state, the binding of FKN to CX3CR1 increases, which regulates a variety of adenosine receptors. When it exerts its effect on neurons, the overactivation of NR results in neuronal injury and causes depression.
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Liu W, Danckwardt-Lillieström N, Schrott-Fischer A, Glueckert R, Rask-Andersen H. Distribution of Immune Cells Including Macrophages in the Human Cochlea. Front Neurol 2021; 12:781702. [PMID: 34880828 PMCID: PMC8645652 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.781702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The human cochlea was earlier believed to lack capacity to mount specific immune responses. Recent studies established that the human cochlea holds macrophages. The cells appear to surveil, dispose of, and restore wasted cells to maintain tissue integrity. Macrophage activities are believed to be the central elements in immune responses and could swiftly defuse invading microbes that enter via adjacent infection-prone areas. This review updates recent human studies in light of the current literature and adds information about chemokine gene expression. Materials and Methods: We analyzed surgically obtained human tissue using immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and multichannel super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. The samples were considered representative of steady-state conditions. Antibodies against the ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 were used to identify the macrophages. CD68 and CD11b, and the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHCII) and CD4 and CD8 were analyzed. The RNAscope technique was used for fractalkine gene localization. Results: Many macrophages were found around blood vessels in the stria vascularis but not CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. Amoeboid macrophages were identified in the spiral ganglion with surveilling "antennae" projecting against targeted cells. Synapse-like contacts were seen on spiral ganglion cell bodies richly expressing single CXC3CL gene transcripts. Branching neurite-like processes extended along central and peripheral axons. Active macrophages were occasionally found near degenerating hair cells. Some macrophage-interacting T lymphocytes were observed between the scala tympani wall and Rosenthal's canal. CD4 and CD8 cells were not found in the organ of Corti. Conclusions: The results indicate that the human cochlea is equipped with macrophages and potentially lymphocytes, suggesting both an innate and adaptive immune capacity. A rich expression of fractalkine gene transcripts in spiral ganglion neurons suggest an essential role for auditory nerve protection, as has been demonstrated experimentally. The findings provide further information on the important role of the immune machinery present in the human inner ear and its potential to carry adverse immune reactions, including cytotoxic and foreign body responses. The results can be used to form a rationale for therapies aiming to modulate these immune activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Danckwardt-Lillieström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneliese Schrott-Fischer
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- Inner Ear Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Alia C, Cangi D, Massa V, Salluzzo M, Vignozzi L, Caleo M, Spalletti C. Cell-to-Cell Interactions Mediating Functional Recovery after Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:3050. [PMID: 34831273 PMCID: PMC8623942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage in brain tissue triggers a cascade of molecular and structural plastic changes, thus influencing a wide range of cell-to-cell interactions. Understanding and manipulating this scenario of intercellular connections is the Holy Grail for post-stroke neurorehabilitation. Here, we discuss the main findings in the literature related to post-stroke alterations in cell-to-cell interactions, which may be either detrimental or supportive for functional recovery. We consider both neural and non-neural cells, starting from astrocytes and reactive astrogliosis and moving to the roles of the oligodendrocytes in the support of vulnerable neurons and sprouting inhibition. We discuss the controversial role of microglia in neural inflammation after injury and we conclude with the description of post-stroke alterations in pyramidal and GABAergic cells interactions. For all of these sections, we review not only the spontaneous evolution in cellular interactions after ischemic injury, but also the experimental strategies which have targeted these interactions and that are inspiring novel therapeutic strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniele Cangi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Verediana Massa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Marco Salluzzo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Livia Vignozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cristina Spalletti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
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Sowa JE, Tokarski K. Cellular, synaptic, and network effects of chemokines in the central nervous system and their implications to behavior. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1595-625. [PMID: 34498203 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence highlights chemokines as key mediators of the bidirectional crosstalk between neurons and glial cells aimed at preserving brain functioning. The multifaceted role of these immune proteins in the CNS is mirrored by the complexity of the mechanisms underlying its biological function, including biased signaling. Neurons, only in concert with glial cells, are essential players in the modulation of brain homeostatic functions. Yet, attempts to dissect these complex multilevel mechanisms underlying coordination are still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about mechanisms underlying chemokine regulation of neuron-glia crosstalk linking molecular, cellular, network, and behavioral levels. Following a brief description of molecular mechanisms by which chemokines interact with their receptors and then summarizing cellular patterns of chemokine expression in the CNS, we next delve into the sequence and mechanisms of chemokine-regulated neuron-glia communication in the context of neuroprotection. We then define the interactions with other neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and gliotransmitters. Finally, we describe their fine-tuning on the network level and the behavioral relevance of their modulation. We believe that a better understanding of the sequence and nature of events that drive neuro-glial communication holds promise for the development of new treatment strategies that could, in a context- and time-dependent manner, modulate the action of specific chemokines to promote brain repair and reduce the neurological impairment.
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Corsi G, Picard K, di Castro MA, Garofalo S, Tucci F, Chece G, Del Percio C, Golia MT, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Decoeur F, Lauro C, Rigamonti M, Iannello F, Ragozzino DA, Russo E, Bernardini G, Nadjar A, Tremblay ME, Babiloni C, Maggi L, Limatola C. Microglia modulate hippocampal synaptic transmission and sleep duration along the light/dark cycle. Glia 2021; 70:89-105. [PMID: 34487590 PMCID: PMC9291950 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, actively contribute to the homeostasis of cerebral parenchyma by sensing neuronal activity and supporting synaptic remodeling and plasticity. While several studies demonstrated different roles for astrocytes in sleep, the contribution of microglia in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle and in the modulation of synaptic activity in the different day phases has not been deeply investigated. Using light as a zeitgeber cue, we studied the effects of microglial depletion with the colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor antagonist PLX5622 on the sleep/wake cycle and on hippocampal synaptic transmission in male mice. Our data demonstrate that almost complete microglial depletion increases the duration of NREM sleep and reduces the hippocampal excitatory neurotransmission. The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 plays a relevant role in these effects, because cx3cr1GFP/GFP mice recapitulate what found in PLX5622‐treated mice. Furthermore, during the light phase, microglia express lower levels of cx3cr1 and a reduction of cx3cr1 expression is also observed when cultured microglial cells are stimulated by ATP, a purinergic molecule released during sleep. Our findings suggest that microglia participate in the regulation of sleep, adapting their cx3cr1 expression in response to the light/dark phase, and modulating synaptic activity in a phase‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Corsi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC, International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC, International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Decoeur
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agnès Nadjar
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology, Inflammaging, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Subbarayan MS, Joly-Amado A, Bickford PC, Nash KR. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107989. [PMID: 34492237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation was initially thought of as a consequence of neurodegenerative disease pathology, but more recently it is becoming clear that it plays a significant role in the development and progression of disease. Thus, neuroinflammation is seen as a realistic and valuable therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation can be modulated by neuron-glial signaling through various soluble factors, and one such critical modulator is Fractalkine or C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CX3CL1). CX3CL1 is produced in neurons and is a unique chemokine that is initially translated as a transmembrane protein but can be proteolytically processed to generate a soluble chemokine. CX3CL1 has been shown to signal through its sole receptor CX3CR1, which is located on microglial cells within the central nervous system (CNS). Although both the membrane bound and soluble forms of CX3CL1 appear to interact with CX3CR1, they do seem to have different signaling capabilities. It is believed that the predominant function of CX3CL1 within the CNS is to reduce the proinflammatory response and many studies have shown neuroprotective effects. However, in some cases CX3CL1 appears to be promoting neurodegeneration. This review focusses on presenting a comprehensive overview of the complex nature of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling in neurodegeneration and how it may present as a therapeutic in some neurodegenerative diseases but not others. The role of CX3CL1/CXCR1 is reviewed in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), ischemia, retinopathies, spinal cord and neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena S Subbarayan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA; Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA; Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA; Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA.
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Cocozza G, Garofalo S, Morotti M, Chece G, Grimaldi A, Lecce M, Scavizzi F, Menghini R, Casagrande V, Federici M, Raspa M, Wulff H, Limatola C. The feeding behaviour of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mouse models is modulated by the Ca 2+ -activated K Ca 3.1 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4891-4906. [PMID: 34411281 PMCID: PMC9293222 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients exhibit dysfunctional energy metabolism and weight loss, which is negatively correlated with survival, together with neuroinflammation. However, the possible contribution of neuroinflammation to deregulations of feeding behaviour in ALS has not been studied in detail. We here investigated if microglial KCa 3.1 is linked to hypothalamic neuroinflammation and affects feeding behaviours in ALS mouse models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH hSOD1G93A and TDP43A315T mice were treated daily with 120 mg·kg-1 of TRAM-34 or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection from the presymptomatic until the disease onset phase. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. The later by weighing food provided minus that left in the cage. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis were used to characterize microglia phenotype and the main populations of melanocortin neurons in the hypothalamus of hSOD1G93A and age-matched non-tg mice. The cannabinoid-opioid interactions in feeding behaviour of hSOD1G93A mice were studied using an inverse agonist and an antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 (rimonabant) and μ-opioid receptors (naloxone), respectively. KEY RESULTS We found that treatment of hSOD1G93A mice with the KCa 3.1 inhibitor TRAM-34 (i), attenuates the pro-inflammatory phenotype of hypothalamic microglia, (ii) increases food intake and promotes weight gain, (iii) increases the number of healthy pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and (iv), changes the expression of cannabinoid receptors involved in energy homeostasis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Using ALS mouse models, we describe defects in the hypothalamic melanocortin system that affect appetite control. These results reveal a new regulatory role for KCa 3.1 to counteract weight loss in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Cocozza
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Morotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Lecce
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Serpe C, Monaco L, Relucenti M, Iovino L, Familiari P, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Familiari G, Civiero L, D’Agnano I, Limatola C, Catalano M. Microglia-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Reduce Glioma Growth by Modifying Tumor Cell Metabolism and Enhancing Glutamate Clearance through miR-124. Cells 2021; 10:2066. [PMID: 34440835 PMCID: PMC8393731 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain homeostasis needs continuous exchange of intercellular information among neurons, glial cells, and immune cells, namely microglial cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active players of this process. All the cells of the body, including the brain, release at least two subtypes of EVs, the medium/large EVs (m/lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs). sEVs released by microglia play an important role in brain patrolling in physio-pathological processes. One of the most common and malignant forms of brain cancer is glioblastoma. Altered intercellular communications constitute a base for the onset and the development of the disease. In this work, we used microglia-derived sEVs to assay their effects in vitro on murine glioma cells and in vivo in a glioma model on C57BL6/N mice. Our findings indicated that sEVs carry messages to cancer cells that modify glioma cell metabolism, reducing lactate, nitric oxide (NO), and glutamate (Glu) release. sEVs affect Glu homeostasis, increasing the expression of Glu transporter Glt-1 on astrocytes. We demonstrated that these effects are mediated by miR-124 contained in microglia-released sEVs. The in vivo benefit of microglia-derived sEVs results in a significantly reduced tumor mass and an increased survival of glioma-bearing mice, depending on miR-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Serpe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Ludovica Iovino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, 00015 Monterotond, Italy; (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Laura Civiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.I.); (L.C.)
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
| | - Igea D’Agnano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, CNR, 20054 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (L.M.)
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Geladaris A, Häusler D, Weber MS. Microglia: The Missing Link to Decipher and Therapeutically Control MS Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3461. [PMID: 33801644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutically controlling chronic progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a major challenge. MS progression is defined as a steady loss of parenchymal and functional integrity of the central nervous system (CNS), occurring independent of relapses or focal, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detectable inflammatory lesions. While it clinically surfaces in primary or secondary progressive MS, it is assumed to be an integral component of MS from the very beginning. The exact mechanisms causing progression are still unknown, although evolving evidence suggests that they may substantially differ from those driving relapse biology. To date, progression is assumed to be caused by an interplay of CNS-resident cells and CNS-trapped hematopoietic cells. On the CNS-resident cell side, microglia that are phenotypically and functionally related to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage may play a key role. Microglia function is highly transformable. Depending on their molecular signature, microglia can trigger neurotoxic pathways leading to neurodegeneration, or alternatively exert important roles in promoting neuroprotection, downregulation of inflammation, and stimulation of repair. Accordingly, to understand and to possibly alter the role of microglial activation during MS disease progression may provide a unique opportunity for the development of suitable, more effective therapeutics. This review focuses on the current understanding of the role of microglia during disease progression of MS and discusses possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
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15
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Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhang W, Song S, Xu Z, Zhang H, Liu L, Sun J. Upregulation of Chemokines in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Rats with Stress-Induced Hypertension. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926807. [PMID: 33199674 PMCID: PMC7680658 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neuroinflammation of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus has been implicated in the development of hypertension. The promoted invasion of peripheral immune cells into PVN may be attributed to the upregulation of chemokines, then exacerbating neuroinflammation. We studied the expressions of chemokines, activation of microglial cells, and inflammatory mediators in PVN of rats with stress-induced hypertension (SIH). Material/Methods SIH was induced by electrical foot shock combined with noise for 2 h twice a day, at an interval of 4 h for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the 14th day, fresh PVN tissues were collected to measure the expressions of chemokines using the RayBiotech antibody array. Results We are the first to report that the expression of CXCL7 was extremely high in PVN of control rats, and was significantly lower in SIH rats. The expressions of CCL2 and CX3CL1 in PVN of SIH rats significantly exceeded those of control rats. The numbers of CX3CR1 (receptor of CX3CL1)-immunostained cells and oxycocin-42 (OX-42, marker of microglia)-positive cells increased in PVN of the SIH rats. The stress enhanced the protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17 and reduced those of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 in PVN. Conclusions In PVN of SIH rats, chronic stress induced neuroinflammation characterized by the activated microglia and upregulated proinflammatory cytokines. Expressions of chemokines CXCL7, CX3CL1, and CCL2 were altered. The causal link of chemokines to PVN neuroinflammation and hypertension remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yuping Chen
- Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jihu Sun
- Department of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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16
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Agostinho P, Madeira D, Dias L, Simões AP, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Purinergic signaling orchestrating neuron-glia communication. Pharmacol Res 2020; 162:105253. [PMID: 33080321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P2X and P2Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A1 and A2A receptors) in the crosstalk between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. An initial emphasis will be given to the cooperation between adenosine receptors to sharpen information salience encoding across synapses. The interplay between ATP and adenosine signaling in the communication between astrocytes and neurons will then be presented in context of the integrative properties of the astrocytic syncytium, allowing to implement heterosynaptic depression processes in neuronal networks. The process of microglia 'activation' and its control by astrocytes and neurons will then be analyzed under the perspective of an interplay between different P2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors. In spite of these indications of a prominent role of purinergic signaling in the bidirectional communication between neurons and glia, its therapeutical exploitation still awaits obtaining an integrated view of the spatio-temporal action of ATP signaling and adenosine signaling, clearly distinguishing the involvement of both purinergic signaling systems in the regulation of physiological processes and in the control of pathogenic-like responses upon brain dysfunction or damage.
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17
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Kim A, García-García E, Straccia M, Comella-Bolla A, Miguez A, Masana M, Alberch J, Canals JM, Rodríguez MJ. Reduced Fractalkine Levels Lead to Striatal Synaptic Plasticity Deficits in Huntington's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:163. [PMID: 32625064 PMCID: PMC7314984 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder in which the striatum is the most affected brain region. Although a chronic inflammatory microglial reaction that amplifies disease progression has been described in HD patients, some murine models develop symptoms without inflammatory microglial activation. Thus, dysfunction of non-inflammatory microglial activity could also contribute to the early HD pathological process. Here, we show the involvement of microglia and particularly fractalkine signaling in the striatal synaptic dysfunction of R6/1 mice. We found reduced fractalkine gene expression and protein concentration in R6/1 striata from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Consistently, we also observed a down-regulation of fractalkine levels in the putamen of HD patients and in HD patient hiPSC-derived neurons. Automated cell morphology analysis showed a non-inflammatory ramified microglia in the striatum of R6/1 mice. However, we found increased PSD-95-positive puncta inside microglia, indicative of synaptic pruning, before HD motor symptoms start to manifest. Indeed, microglia appeared to be essential for striatal synaptic function, as the inhibition of microglial activity with minocycline impaired the induction of corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD) in wild-type mice. Notably, fractalkine administration restored impaired corticostriatal LTD in R6/1 mice. Our results unveil a role for fractalkine-dependent neuron-microglia interactions in the early striatal synaptic dysfunction characteristic of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther García-García
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Straccia
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Comella-Bolla
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Miguez
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Canals
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Sleep is a naturally occurring physiological state that is required to sustain physical and mental health. Traditionally viewed as strictly regulated by top-down control mechanisms, sleep is now known to also originate locally. Glial cells are emerging as important contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, locally and among dedicated neural circuits. A few pioneering studies revealed that astrocytes and microglia may influence sleep pressure, duration as well as intensity, but the precise involvement of these two glial cells in the regulation of sleep remains to be fully addressed, across contexts of health and disease. In this overview article, we will first summarize the literature pertaining to the role of astrocytes and microglia in the regulation of sleep under normal physiological conditions. Afterward, we will discuss the beneficial and deleterious consequences of glia-mediated neuroinflammation, whether it is acute, or chronic and associated with brain diseases, on the regulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances are a main comorbidity in neurodegenerative diseases, and in several brain diseases that include pain, epilepsy, and cancer. Identifying the relationships between glia-mediated neuroinflammation, sleep-wake rhythm disruption and brain diseases may have important implications for the treatment of several disorders. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:687-712, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Picard
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Pascual
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Départment de médecine moleculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Chamera K, Trojan E, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:408-430. [PMID: 31729301 PMCID: PMC7457436 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron - microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron - microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
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20
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Jaguezeski AM, da Silva AS, Gomes TMA, Bottari NB, Lopes TF, Cechin RA, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Giongo JL, de A Vaucher R. Experimental listeriosis: A study of purinergic and cholinergic inflammatory pathway. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108528. [PMID: 31882365 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic, purinergic and oxidative stress systems were related to nervous system damage in some pathologies, as well as being involved in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. The objective was to investigate changes in purinergic, cholinergic systems and oxidative stress related to the neuropathology of listeriosis. Gerbils were used as experimental models. The animals were divided in two groups: control and infected. The animals were orally infected with 5 × 108 CFU/animal of the pathogenic strain of Listeria monocytogenes. Collected of material was 6 and 12th days post-infection (PI). Infected animals showed moderate mixed inflammatory infiltrates in the liver. The spleen and brain was used for PCR analyses, confirming infection by L. monocytogenes. Increase in number of total leukocytes because of an increase in lymphocytes in infected (P < 0.001). ATP and ADP hydrolysis by NTPDase was lower at 6 and 12th days PI in infected animals than in the control group. ADA (adenosine deaminase) activity was higher on the 6th day PI (P < 0.05) and decreased on the 12th day PI (P < 0.05) in infected animals. AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity did not differ between groups on the 6th day PI; however, activity decreased in infected group on the 12th day PI (P < 0.05). On the 12th day PI, an increase of oxygen-reactive species levels and lower catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the infected group was observed, characterizing a situation of cerebral oxidative stress. The inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms are present in listeriosis in asymptomatic animals, and that ectonucleotidases and cholinesterase's are involved in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonise M Jaguezeski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Teane M A Gomes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thalisson F Lopes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan A Cechin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense - IFC, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria R C Schetinger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janice L Giongo
- Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculdade Anhanguera, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Fattorini G, Catalano M, Melone M, Serpe C, Bassi S, Limatola C, Conti F. Microglial expression of GAT-1 in the cerebral cortex. Glia 2019; 68:646-655. [PMID: 31692106 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells are the immune cells of the brain that, by sensing the microenvironment, permit a correct brain development and function. They communicate with other glial cells and with neurons, releasing and responding to a number of molecules that exert effects on surrounding cells. Among these, neurotransmitters and, in particular, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has recently gained interest in this context. We demonstrated the expression of GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) in microglial cells both in soma and cell processes. We show that microglial cell treatment with 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-[2-[[(diphenylmethylene)amino]oxy]ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (NNC-711), a potent and selective GAT-1 inhibitor, significantly reduced Na+ -dependent GABA uptake. On the other hand, GABA uptake was significantly increased by cell treatment with (S)-1-[2-[tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid (SNAP-5114), a GAT-2/3 inhibitor, and this effect was completely blocked by the botulinum toxin BoNT/C1, that specifically cleaves and inactives syntaxin 1A (STX1A). Overall, these findings show that microglial cells express GAT-1 and indicate that STX1A plays an important role in the regulation of GAT-1-dependent GABA uptake in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Fattorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Melone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Serpe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Yao LH, Wang J, Liu C, Wei S, Li G, Wang S, Meng W, Liu ZB, Huang LP. Cordycepin protects against β-amyloid and ibotenic acid-induced hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuronal hyperactivity. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 23:483-491. [PMID: 31680770 PMCID: PMC6819905 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2019.23.6.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin exerts neuroprotective effects against excitotoxic neuronal death. However, its direct electrophysiological evidence in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of cordycepin against the excitotoxic neuronal insult in AD using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. β-Amyloid (Aβ) and ibotenic acid (IBO)-induced injury model in cultured hippocampal neurons was used for the purpose. The results revealed that cordycepin significantly delayed Aβ + IBO-induced excessive neuronal membrane depolarization. It increased the onset time/latency, extended the duration, and reduced the slope in both slow and rapid depolarization. Additionally, cordycepin reversed the neuronal hyperactivity in Aβ + IBO-induced evoked action potential (AP) firing, including increase in repetitive firing frequency, shortening of evoked AP latency, decrease in the amplitude of fast afterhyperpolarization, and increase in membrane depolarization. Further, the suppressive effect of cordycepin against Aβ + IBO-induced excessive neuronal membrane depolarization and neuronal hyperactivity was blocked by DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, an adenosine A1 receptor-specific blocker). Collectively, these results revealed the suppressive effect of cordycepin against the Aβ + IBO-induced excitotoxic neuronal insult by attenuating excessive neuronal activity and membrane depolarization, and the mechanism through the activation of A1R is strongly recommended, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of cordycepin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Yao
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China.,School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Guoyin Li
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Songhua Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Zhi-Bin Liu
- School of Sport Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
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23
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Lauro C, Chece G, Monaco L, Antonangeli F, Peruzzi G, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Limatola C. Fractalkine Modulates Microglia Metabolism in Brain Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:414. [PMID: 31607865 PMCID: PMC6755341 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the CNS, the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is expressed on neurons while its specific receptor CX3CR1 is expressed on microglia and macrophages. Microglia play an important role in health and disease through CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling, and in many neurodegenerative disorders, microglia dysregulation has been associated with neuro-inflammation. We have previously shown that CX3CL1 has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia injury. Here, we investigated the involvement of CX3CL1 in the modulation of microglia phenotype and the underlying neuroprotective effect on ischemia injury. The expression profiles of anti- and pro-inflammatory genes showed that CX3CL1 markedly inhibited microglial activation both in vitro and in vivo after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO), accompanied by an increase in the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. Moreover, CX3CL1 induces a metabolic switch in microglial cells with an increase in the expression of genes related to the oxidative pathway and a reduction in those related to the glycolytic pathway, which is the metabolic state associated to the pro-inflammatory phenotype for energy production. The data reported in this paper suggest that CX3CL1 protects against cerebral ischemia modulating the activation state of microglia and its metabolism in order to restrain inflammation and organize a neuroprotective response against the ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
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24
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Raghuraman R, Karthikeyan A, Wei WL, Dheen ST, Sajikumar S. Activation of microglia in acute hippocampal slices affects activity-dependent long-term potentiation and synaptic tagging and capture in area CA1. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 163:107039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Trettel F, Di Castro MA, Limatola C. Chemokines: Key Molecules that Orchestrate Communication among Neurons, Microglia and Astrocytes to Preserve Brain Function. Neuroscience 2019; 439:230-240. [PMID: 31376422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the CNS, chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in pleiotropic physiological and pathological activities. Several evidences demonstrated that chemokine signaling in the CNS plays key homeostatic roles and, being expressed on neurons, glia and endothelial cells, chemokines mediate the bidirectional cross-talk among parenchymal cells. An efficient communication between neurons and glia is crucial to establish and maintain a healthy brain environment which ensures normal functionality. Glial cells behave as active sensors of environmental changes induced by neuronal activity or detrimental insults, supporting and exerting neuroprotective activities. In this review we summarize the evidence that chemokines (CXCL12, CX3CL1, CXCL16 and CCL2) modulate neuroprotective processes upon different noxious stimuli and participate to orchestrate neurons-microglia-astrocytes action to preserve and limit brain damage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Honoring Ricardo Miledi - outstanding neuroscientist of XX-XXI centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trettel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Amalia Di Castro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 19, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
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26
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Liu W, Kämpfe Nordström C, Danckwardt-Lillieström N, Rask-Andersen H. Human Inner Ear Immune Activity: A Super-Resolution Immunohistochemistry Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31354608 PMCID: PMC6635812 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Like the brain, the human inner ear was long thought to be devoid of immune activity. Only the endolymphatic sac (ES) was known to be endowed with white blood cells that could process antigens and serve as an immunologic defense organ for the entire inner ear. Unexpectedly, the cochlear and vestibular organs, including the eighth cranial nerve, were recently shown to contain macrophages whose functions and implication in ear disease are somewhat undefined. Here, we review recent inner ear findings in man and extend the analyses to the vestibular nerve using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM). Materials and Methods: Human ESs and cochleae were collected during surgery to treat patients with vestibular schwannoma and life-threatening petro-clival meningioma compressing the brainstem. The ESs and cochleae were placed in fixative, decalcified, and rapidly frozen and cryostat sectioned. Antibodies against ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-expressing cells (IBA1 cells), laminin β2 and type IV collagen TUJ1, cytokine fractalkine (CX3CL1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD68, CD11b, CD4, CD8, the major histocompatibility complex type II (MHCII), and the microglial marker TEME119 were used. Results: IBA1-positive cells were present in the ESs, the cochlea, central and peripheral axons of the cochlear nerve, and the vestibular nerve trunk. IBA1 cells were found in the cochlear lateral wall, spiral limbus, and spiral ganglion. Notable variants of IBA1 cells adhered to neurons with “synapse-like” specializations and cytoplasmic projections. Slender IBA1 cells occasionally protracted into the basal lamina of the Schwann cells and had intimate contact with surrounding axons. Discussion: The human eighth nerve may be under the control of a well-developed macrophage cell system. A small number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were found in the ES and occasionally in the cochlea, mostly located in the peripheral region of Rosenthal's canal. A neuro-immunologic axis may exist in the human inner ear that could play a role in the protection of the auditory nerve. The implication of the macrophage system during disease, surgical interventions, and cell-based transplantation should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kämpfe Nordström
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Kaur T, Clayman AC, Nash AJ, Schrader AD, Warchol ME, Ohlemiller KK. Lack of Fractalkine Receptor on Macrophages Impairs Spontaneous Recovery of Ribbon Synapses After Moderate Noise Trauma in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:620. [PMID: 31263398 PMCID: PMC6585312 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise trauma causes loss of synaptic connections between cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Such synaptic loss can trigger slow and progressive degeneration of SGNs. Macrophage fractalkine signaling is critical for neuron survival in the injured cochlea, but its role in cochlear synaptopathy is unknown. Fractalkine, a chemokine, is constitutively expressed by SGNs and signals via its receptor CX3CR1 that is expressed on macrophages. The present study characterized the immune response and examined the function of fractalkine signaling in degeneration and repair of cochlear synapses following noise trauma. Adult mice wild type, heterozygous and knockout for CX3CR1 on a C57BL/6 background were exposed for 2 h to an octave band noise at 90 dB SPL. Noise exposure caused temporary shifts in hearing thresholds without any evident loss of hair cells in CX3CR1 heterozygous mice that have intact fractalkine signaling. Enhanced macrophage migration toward the IHC-synaptic region was observed immediately after exposure in all genotypes. Synaptic immunolabeling revealed a rapid loss of ribbon synapses throughout the basal turn of the cochlea of all genotypes. The damaged synapses spontaneously recovered in mice with intact CX3CR1. However, CX3CR1 knockout (KO) animals displayed enhanced synaptic degeneration that correlated with attenuated suprathreshold neural responses at higher frequencies. Exposed CX3CR1 KO mice also exhibited increased loss of IHCs and SGN cell bodies compared to exposed heterozygous mice. These results indicate that macrophages can promote repair of damaged synapses after moderate noise trauma and that repair requires fractalkine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anna C Clayman
- Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew J Nash
- Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Angela D Schrader
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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28
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Kang Y, Lee JH, Seo YH, Jang JH, Jeong CH, Lee S, Jeong GS, Park B. Epicatechin Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Neuronal Cell Death via Inhibition of ER Stress. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:145-151. [PMID: 30514054 PMCID: PMC6430228 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) acts strongly on the nervous system and damages neurons and is known to cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, red wine and several fruits exhibit antioxidant properties that protect neurons from oxidative damage and promote neuronal survival. Especially, epicatechin (EC) is a powerful flavonoid with antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and antimutagenic effects as well as antioxidant effects. We therefore investigated whether EC could prevent METH-induced neurotoxicity using HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. EC reduced METH-induced cell death of HT22 cells. In addition, we observed that EC abrogated the activation of ERK, p38 and inhibited the expression of CHOP and DR4. EC also reduced METH-induced ROS accumulation and MMP. These results suggest that EC may protect HT22 hippocampal neurons against METH-induced cell death by reducing ER stress and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youra Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ha Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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29
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Grimaldi A, Serpe C, Chece G, Nigro V, Sarra A, Ruzicka B, Relucenti M, Familiari G, Ruocco G, Pascucci GR, Guerrieri F, Limatola C, Catalano M. Microglia-Derived Microvesicles Affect Microglia Phenotype in Glioma. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:41. [PMID: 30853898 PMCID: PMC6395438 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-released vesicles (EVs), such as microvesicles (MV) and exosomes (Exo) provide a new type of inter-cellular communication, directly transferring a ready to use box of information, consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In the nervous system, EVs participate to neuron-glial cross-talk, a bidirectional communication important to preserve brain homeostasis and, when dysfunctional, involved in several CNS diseases. We investigated whether microglia-derived EVs could be used to transfer a protective phenotype to dysfunctional microglia in the context of a brain tumor. When MV, isolated from microglia stimulated with LPS/IFNγ were brain injected in glioma-bearing mice, we observed a phenotype switch of tumor associated myeloid cells (TAMs) and a reduction of tumor size. Our findings indicate that the MV cargo, which contains upregulated transcripts for several inflammation-related genes, can transfer information in the brain of glioma bearing mice modifying microglial gene expression, reducing neuronal death and glioma invasion, thus promoting the recovery of brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Grimaldi
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Serpe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Nigro
- Department of Physics, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Sarra
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Department of Physics, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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30
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Mai W, Liu X, Wang J, Zheng J, Wang X, Zhou W. Protective effects of CX3CR1 on autoimmune inflammation in a chronic EAE model for MS through modulation of antigen-presenting cell-related molecular MHC-II and its regulators. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:779-791. [PMID: 30671738 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-3721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidences have implicated neuroprotective effects of CX3CR1 in multiple sclerosis (MS). But whether CX3CR1 is involved in modulation of antigen-presenting cell (APC)-related molecular MHC-II and what the possible mechanism is remain unidentified. OBJECTIVE In this study, we intended to investigate the effects of CX3CR1 on MHC-II expressions on brain myeloid cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice and explore the possible regulators for it. METHODS CX3CR1-deficient EAE mice were created. Disease severity, pathological damage, and the expressions of MHC-II and its mediators on myeloid cells were detected. RESULTS We found that compare with wile-typed EAE mice, CX3CR1-deficient EAE mice exhibited more severe disease severity. An accumulation of CD45+CD115+Ly6C-CD11c+ cells was reserved in the affected EAE brain of CX3CR1-deficient mice, consistent with disease severity and pathological damage in the brain. The expressions of MHC-II on the brain CD45+CD115+Ly6C-CD11c+ cells of CX3CR1-deficient EAE mice were elevated, in accord with the increased protein and mRNA expressions of class II transactivator (CIITA) and interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that CX3CR1 might be an important regulator for MHC-II expressions on APCs, playing a beneficial role in EAE. The mechanism was probably through regulation on the MHC-II regulators CIITA and IRF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 52 East Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xingwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, NO. 52 East Meihua Road, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Science, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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31
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Lepore F, D'Alessandro G, Antonangeli F, Santoro A, Esposito V, Limatola C, Trettel F. CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis Drives Microglia/Macrophages Phenotype in Physiological Conditions and Plays a Crucial Role in Glioma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2750. [PMID: 30542347 PMCID: PMC6277753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are patrolling cells that sense changes in the brain microenvironment and respond acquiring distinct phenotypes that can be either beneficial or detrimental for brain homeostasis. Anti-inflammatory microglia release soluble factors that might promote brain repair; however, in glioma, anti-inflammatory microglia dampen immune response and promote a brain microenvironment that foster tumor growth and invasion. The chemokine CXCL16 is expressed in the brain, where it is neuroprotective against brain ischemia, and it has been found to be over-expressed in glioblastoma (GBM). Considering that CXCL16 specific receptor CXCR6 is diffusely expressed in the brain including in microglia cells, we wanted to investigate the role of CXCL16 in the modulation of microglia cell activity and phenotype, and in the progression of glioma. Here we report that CXCL16 drives microglia polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, also restraining microglia polarization toward an inflammatory phenotype upon LPS and IFNγ stimulation. In the context of glioma, we demonstrate that CXCL16 released by tumor cells is determinant in promoting glioma associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) modulation toward an anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor phenotype, and that cxcr6ko mice, orthotopically implanted into the brain with GL261 glioma cells,survive longer compared to wild-type mice. We also describe that CXCL16/CXCR6 signaling acts directly on mouse glioma cells, as well as human primary GBM cells, promoting tumor cell growth, migration and invasion. All together these data suggest that CXCL16 signaling could represent a good target to modulate microglia phenotype in order to restrain inflammation or to limit glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lepore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trettel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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32
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Luo P, Chu SF, Zhang Z, Xia CY, Chen NH. Fractalkine/CX3CR1 is involved in the cross-talk between neuron and glia in neurological diseases. Brain Res Bull 2018; 146:12-21. [PMID: 30496784 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3C chemokine ligand 1, CX3CL1) is an essential chemokine, for regulating adhesion and chemotaxis through binding to CX3CR1, which plays a critical role in the crosstalk between glial cells and neurons by direct or indirect ways in the central nervous system (CNS). Fractalkine/CX3CR1 axis regulates microglial activation and function, neuronal survival and synaptic function by controlling the release of inflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity in the course of the neurological disease. The multiple functions of fractalkine/CX3CR1 make it exert neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects, which determines the pathogenesis. However, the role of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in the CNS remains controversial. Whether it can be used as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases needs to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize the studies highlighting fractalkine/CX3CR1-mediated effects and discuss the potential neurotoxic and neuroprotective actions of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in brain injury for providing useful insights into the potential applications of fractalkine/CX3CR1 in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Hackett TA. Adenosine A 1 Receptor mRNA Expression by Neurons and Glia in the Auditory Forebrain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1882-1905. [PMID: 30315630 PMCID: PMC6282551 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, purines such as ATP and adenosine can function as neurotransmitters and co‐transmitters, or serve as signals in neuron–glial interactions. In thalamocortical (TC) projections to sensory cortex, adenosine functions as a negative regulator of glutamate release via activation of the presynaptic adenosine A1 receptor (A1R). In the auditory forebrain, restriction of A1R‐adenosine signaling in medial geniculate (MG) neurons is sufficient to extend LTP, LTD, and tonotopic map plasticity in adult mice for months beyond the critical period. Interfering with adenosine signaling in primary auditory cortex (A1) does not contribute to these forms of plasticity, suggesting regional differences in the roles of A1R‐mediated adenosine signaling in the forebrain. To advance understanding of the circuitry, in situ hybridization was used to localize neuronal and glial cell types in the auditory forebrain that express A1R transcripts (Adora1), based on co‐expression with cell‐specific markers for neuronal and glial subtypes. In A1, Adora1 transcripts were concentrated in L3/4 and L6 of glutamatergic neurons. Subpopulations of GABAergic neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia expressed lower levels of Adora1. In MG, Adora1 was expressed by glutamatergic neurons in all divisions, and subpopulations of all glial classes. The collective findings imply that A1R‐mediated signaling broadly extends to all subdivisions of auditory cortex and MG. Selective expression by neuronal and glial subpopulations suggests that experimental manipulations of A1R‐adenosine signaling could impact several cell types, depending on their location. Strategies to target Adora1 in specific cell types can be developed from the data generated here. Anat Rec, 301:1882–1905, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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34
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Grimaldi A, D'Alessandro G, Di Castro MA, Lauro C, Singh V, Pagani F, Sforna L, Grassi F, Di Angelantonio S, Catacuzzeno L, Wulff H, Limatola C, Catalano M. Kv1.3 activity perturbs the homeostatic properties of astrocytes in glioma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7654. [PMID: 29769580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells actively maintain the homeostasis of brain parenchyma, regulating neuronal excitability and preserving the physiological composition of the extracellular milieu. Under pathological conditions, some functions of glial cells could be compromised, exacerbating the neurotoxic processes. We investigated if the homeostatic activities of astrocytes and microglia could be modulated by the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3. To this end we used in vitro and in vivo systems to model cell-to-cell interactions in tumoral conditions, using a specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels, 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy) psoralen (PAP-1). We demonstrated that PAP-1 increases astrocytic glutamate uptake, reduces glioma-induced neurotoxicity, and decreases microglial migration and phagocytosis. We also found in a tumor blood brain barrier model that Kv1.3 activity is required for its integrity. The crucial role of Kv1.3 channels as modulators of glial cell activity was confirmed in a mouse model of glioma, where PAP-1 treatment reduces tumor volume only in the presence of active glutamate transporters GLT-1. In the same mouse model, PAP-1 reduces astrogliosis and microglial infiltration. PAP-1 also reduces tumor cell invasion. All these findings point to Kv1.3 channels as potential targets to re-instruct glial cells toward their homeostatic functions, in the context of brain tumors.
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35
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Liu Y, Li M, Zhang Z, Ye Y, Zhou J. Role of microglia-neuron interactions in diabetic encephalopathy. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:28-39. [PMID: 29247713 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the primary immune cells, the microglia, prevent pathogenic invasion as the first line of defense. Microglial energy consumption is dependent on their degree of activity. Microglia express transporters for the three primary energy substrates (glucose, fatty acids, glutamine) and regulate diabetic encephalopathy via microglia-neuron interactions. Microglia may play a sentry role for rapid protection or even ablation of impaired neurons. Neurons exhibit hyperactivity in response to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and neurotoxic factors and release potential microglial activators. Microglial activation is also regulated by proinflammatory factors, caspase-3 activity, P2X7 receptor, interferon regulatory factor-8, and glucocorticoids. Modulation of microglia in diabetic encephalopathy may involve CX3CL1, p38 MAPK, purinergic, and CD200/CD200R signaling pathways, and pattern recognition receptors. The microglia-neuron interactions play an important role in diabetic encephalopathy, and modulation of microglial activation may be a therapeutic target for diabetic encephalopathy.
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36
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Liu W, Molnar M, Garnham C, Benav H, Rask-Andersen H. Macrophages in the Human Cochlea: Saviors or Predators-A Study Using Super-Resolution Immunohistochemistry. Front Immunol 2018; 9:223. [PMID: 29487598 PMCID: PMC5816790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human inner ear, which is segregated by a blood/labyrinth barrier, contains resident macrophages [CD163, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1)-, and CD68-positive cells] within the connective tissue, neurons, and supporting cells. In the lateral wall of the cochlea, these cells frequently lie close to blood vessels as perivascular macrophages. Macrophages are also shown to be recruited from blood-borne monocytes to damaged and dying hair cells induced by noise, ototoxic drugs, aging, and diphtheria toxin-induced hair cell degeneration. Precise monitoring may be crucial to avoid self-targeting. Macrophage biology has recently shown that populations of resident tissue macrophages may be fundamentally different from circulating macrophages. We removed uniquely preserved human cochleae during surgery for treating petroclival meningioma compressing the brain stem, after ethical consent. Molecular and cellular characterization using immunofluorescence with antibodies against IBA1, TUJ1, CX3CL1, and type IV collagen, and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) were made together with transmission electron microscopy. The super-resolution microscopy disclosed remarkable phenotypic variants of IBA1 cells closely associated with the spiral ganglion cells. Monitoring cells adhered to neurons with “synapse-like” specializations and protrusions. Active macrophages migrated occasionally nearby damaged hair cells. Results suggest that the human auditory nerve is under the surveillance and possible neurotrophic stimulation of a well-developed resident macrophage system. It may be alleviated by the non-myelinated nerve soma partly explaining why, in contrary to most mammals, the human’s auditory nerve is conserved following deafferentiation. It makes cochlear implantation possible, for the advantage of the profoundly deaf. The IBA1 cells may serve additional purposes such as immune modulation, waste disposal, and nerve regeneration. Their role in future stem cell-based therapy needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matyas Molnar
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology - Biovis Platform, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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D'Alessandro G, Grimaldi A, Chece G, Porzia A, Esposito V, Santoro A, Salvati M, Mainiero F, Ragozzino D, Di Angelantonio S, Wulff H, Catalano M, Limatola C. KCa3.1 channel inhibition sensitizes malignant gliomas to temozolomide treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30781-96. [PMID: 27096953 PMCID: PMC5058717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are among the most frequent and aggressive cerebral tumors, characterized by high proliferative and invasive indexes. Standard therapy for patients, after surgery and radiotherapy, consists of temozolomide (TMZ), a methylating agent that blocks tumor cell proliferation. Currently, there are no therapies aimed at reducing tumor cell invasion. Ion channels are candidate molecular targets involved in glioma cell migration and infiltration into the brain parenchyma. In this paper we demonstrate that: i) blockade of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 with TRAM-34 has co-adjuvant effects with TMZ, reducing GL261 glioma cell migration, invasion and colony forming activity, increasing apoptosis, and forcing cells to pass the G2/M cell cycle phase, likely through cdc2 de-phosphorylation; ii) KCa3.1 silencing potentiates the inhibitory effect of TMZ on glioma cell viability; iii) the combination of TMZ/TRAM-34 attenuates the toxic effects of glioma conditioned medium on neuronal cultures, through a microglia dependent mechanism since the effect is abolished by clodronate-induced microglia killing; iv) TMZ/TRAM-34 co-treatment increases the number of apoptotic tumor cells, and the mean survival time in a syngeneic mouse glioma model (C57BL6 mice implanted with GL261 cells); v) TMZ/TRAM-34 co-treatment reduces cell viability of GBM cells and cancer stem cells (CSC) freshly isolated from patients.Taken together, these data suggest a new therapeutic approach for malignant glioma, targeting both glioma cell proliferating and migration, and demonstrate that TMZ/TRAM-34 co-treatment affects both glioma cells and infiltrating microglia, resulting in an overall reduction of tumor cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porzia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Salvati
- Department of Science and Medical Surgical Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Pasteur Institute Rome-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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38
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Garofalo S, Porzia A, Mainiero F, Di Angelantonio S, Cortese B, Basilico B, Pagani F, Cignitti G, Chece G, Maggio R, Tremblay ME, Savage J, Bisht K, Esposito V, Bernardini G, Seyfried T, Mieczkowski J, Stepniak K, Kaminska B, Santoni A, Limatola C. Environmental stimuli shape microglial plasticity in glioma. eLife 2017; 6:33415. [PMID: 29286001 PMCID: PMC5774898 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioma, microglia and infiltrating macrophages are exposed to factors that force them to produce cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to tumor growth and to maintaining a pro-tumorigenic, immunosuppressed microenvironment. We demonstrate that housing glioma-bearing mice in enriched environment (EE) reverts the immunosuppressive phenotype of infiltrating myeloid cells, by modulating inflammatory gene expression. Under these conditions, the branching and patrolling activity of myeloid cells is increased, and their phagocytic activity is promoted. Modulation of gene expression depends on interferon-(IFN)-γ produced by natural killer (NK) cells. This modulation disappears in mice depleted of NK cells or lacking IFN-γ, and was mimicked by exogenous interleukin-15 (IL-15). Further, we describe a key role for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that is produced in the brain of mice housed in EE, in mediating the expression of IL-15 in CD11b+ cells. These data define novel mechanisms linking environmental cues to the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor microenvironment in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Cortese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Nanotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pagani
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cignitti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Maggio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Julie Savage
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Stepniak
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angela Santoni
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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39
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Ramirez AI, de Hoz R, Salobrar-Garcia E, Salazar JJ, Rojas B, Ajoy D, López-Cuenca I, Rojas P, Triviño A, Ramírez JM. The Role of Microglia in Retinal Neurodegeneration: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson, and Glaucoma. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:214. [PMID: 28729832 PMCID: PMC5498525 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS), act as neuropathology sensors and are neuroprotective under physiological conditions. Microglia react to injury and degeneration with immune-phenotypic and morphological changes, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine production. An uncontrolled microglial response secondary to sustained CNS damage can put neuronal survival at risk due to excessive inflammation. A neuroinflammatory response is considered among the etiological factors of the major aged-related neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, and microglial cells are key players in these neurodegenerative lesions. The retina is an extension of the brain and therefore the inflammatory response in the brain can occur in the retina. The brain and retina are affected in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and glaucoma. AD is an age-related neurodegeneration of the CNS characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss in the cerebral cortex, resulting in cognitive deficit and dementia. The extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and intraneuronal accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau) are the hallmarks of this disease. These deposits are also found in the retina and optic nerve. PD is a neurodegenerative locomotor disorder with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This is accompanied by Lewy body inclusion composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. PD also involves retinal dopaminergic cell degeneration. Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve, characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. In this pathology, deposition of Aβ, synuclein, and pTau has also been detected in retina. These neurodegenerative diseases share a common pathogenic mechanism, the neuroinflammation, in which microglia play an important role. Microglial activation has been reported in AD, PD, and glaucoma in relation to protein aggregates and degenerated neurons. The activated microglia can release pro-inflammatory cytokines which can aggravate and propagate neuroinflammation, thereby degenerating neurons and impairing brain as well as retinal function. The aim of the present review is to describe the contribution in retina to microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in AD, PD, and glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Gregorio MarañónMadrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Triviño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo. Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Madrid, Spain
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40
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Famiglini V, La Regina G, Coluccia A, Masci D, Brancale A, Badia R, Riveira-Muñoz E, Esté JA, Crespan E, Brambilla A, Maga G, Catalano M, Limatola C, Formica FR, Cirilli R, Novellino E, Silvestri R. Chiral Indolylarylsulfone Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors as New Potent and Broad Spectrum Anti-HIV-1 Agents. J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Famiglini
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Roger Badia
- AIDS Research Institute−IrsiCaixa,
Hospitals Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonóma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute−IrsiCaixa,
Hospitals Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonóma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - José A. Esté
- AIDS Research Institute−IrsiCaixa,
Hospitals Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonóma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM−CNR, National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brambilla
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM−CNR, National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM−CNR, National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Istituto Pasteur Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti,
Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via
Atinense 18, I-86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Istituto Pasteur Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti,
Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via
Atinense 18, I-86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Formica
- Dipartimento del
Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Dipartimento del
Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Jackson EK, Kotermanski SE, Menshikova EV, Dubey RK, Jackson TC, Kochanek PM. Adenosine production by brain cells. J Neurochem 2017; 141:676-693. [PMID: 28294336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The early release of adenosine following traumatic brain injury (TBI) suppresses seizures and brain inflammation; thus, it is important to elucidate the cellular sources of adenosine following injurious stimuli triggered by TBI so that therapeutics for enhancing the early adenosine-release response can be optimized. Using mass spectrometry with 13 C-labeled standards, we investigated in cultured rat neurons, astrocytes, and microglia the effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD; models energy failure), H2 O2 (produces oxidative stress), and glutamate (induces excitotoxicity) on intracellular and extracellular levels of 5'-AMP (adenosine precursor), adenosine, and inosine and hypoxanthine (adenosine metabolites). In neurons, OGD triggered increases in intracellular 5'-AMP (2.8-fold), adenosine (2.6-fold), inosine (2.2-fold), and hypoxanthine (5.3-fold) and extracellular 5'-AMP (2.2-fold), adenosine (2.4-fold), and hypoxanthine (2.5-fold). In neurons, H2 O2 did not affect intracellular or extracellular purines; yet, glutamate increased intracellular adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine (1.7-fold, 1.7-fold, and 1.6-fold, respectively) and extracellular adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine (2.9-fold, 2.1-fold, and 1.6-fold, respectively). In astrocytes, neither H2 O2 nor glutamate affected intracellular or extracellular purines, and OGD only slightly increased intracellular and extracellular hypoxanthine. Microglia were unresponsive to OGD and glutamate, but were remarkably responsive to H2 O2 , which increased intracellular 5'-AMP (1.6-fold), adenosine (1.6-fold), inosine (2.1-fold), and hypoxanthine (1.6-fold) and extracellular 5'-AMP (5.9-fold), adenosine (4.0-fold), inosine (4.3-fold), and hypoxanthine (1.9-fold). CONCLUSION Under these particular experimental conditions, cultured neurons are the main contributors to adenosine production/release in response to OGD and glutamate, whereas cultured microglia are the main contributors upon oxidative stress. Developing therapeutics that recruit astrocytes to produce/release adenosine could have beneficial effects in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn E Kotermanski
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth V Menshikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raghvendra K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Travis C Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Madrigal JL, Caso JR, García-bueno B, Gutiérrez IL, Leza JC. Noradrenaline induces CX3CL1 production and release by neurons. Neuropharmacology 2017; 114:146-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pardo F, Villalobos-Labra R, Chiarello DI, Salsoso R, Toledo F, Gutierrez J, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Molecular implications of adenosine in obesity. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:90-101. [PMID: 28104382 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine has broad activities in organisms due to the existence of multiple receptors, the differential adenosine concentrations necessary to activate these receptors and the presence of proteins able to synthetize, degrade or transport this nucleoside. All adenosine receptors have been reported to be involved in glucose homeostasis, inflammation, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and thermogenesis, indicating that adenosine could participate in the process of obesity. Since adenosine seems to be associated with several effects, it is plausible that adenosine participates in the initiation and development of obesity or may function to prevent it. Thus, the purpose of this review was to explore the involvement of adenosine in adipogenesis, insulin resistance and thermogenesis, with the aim of understanding how adenosine could be used to avoid, treat or improve the metabolic state of obesity. Treatment with specific agonists and/or antagonists of adenosine receptors could reverse the obesity state, since adenosine receptors normalizes several mechanisms involved in obesity, such as lipolysis, insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis. Furthermore, obesity is a preventable state, and the specific activation of adenosine receptors could aid in the prevention of obesity. Nevertheless, for the treatment of obesity and its consequences, more studies and therapeutic strategies in addition to adenosine are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Pardo
- Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Center of Research, Development and Innovation in Health - Aconcagua Valley, San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, 2172972 San Felipe, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutierrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Cellular Signaling Differentiation and Regeneration Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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44
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Cunha RA. How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2016; 139:1019-1055. [PMID: 27365148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain. The activity-dependent release of adenosine acts as a brake of excitatory transmission through A1 R, which are enriched in glutamatergic terminals. Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the 'activated' synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the 'activated' synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change. Brain insults trigger a large outflow of adenosine and ATP, as a danger signal. A1 R are a hurdle for damage initiation, but they desensitize upon prolonged activation. However, if the insult is near-threshold and/or of short-duration, A1 R trigger preconditioning, which may limit the spread of damage. Brain insults also up-regulate A2A R, probably to bolster adaptive changes, but this heightens brain damage since A2A R blockade affords neuroprotection in models of epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. This initially involves a control of synaptotoxicity by neuronal A2A R, whereas astrocytic and microglia A2A R might control the spread of damage. The A2A R signaling mechanisms are largely unknown since A2A R are pleiotropic, coupling to different G proteins and non-canonical pathways to control the viability of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, mitochondria function, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, simultaneously bolstering A1 R preconditioning and preventing excessive A2A R function might afford maximal neuroprotection. The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses. Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R). Maximal neuroprotection is expected to result from a combined A2A R blockade and increased A1 R activation. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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45
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Chen P, Zhao W, Guo Y, Xu J, Yin M. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in Alzheimer's Disease: A Target for Neuroprotection. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:8090918. [PMID: 27429982 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8090918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is an intriguing chemokine belonging to the CX3C family. CX3CL1 is secreted by neurons and plays an important role in modulating glial activation in the central nervous system after binding to its sole receptor CX3CR1 which mainly is expressed on microglia. Emerging data highlights the beneficial potential of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and in the progression of which neuroinflammation plays a vital role. Even so, the importance of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 in AD is still controversial and needs further clarification. In this review, we make an attempt to present a concise map of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 associated with AD to find biomarkers for early diagnosis or therapeutic interventions.
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46
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Ferrari D, McNamee EN, Idzko M, Gambari R, Eltzschig HK. Purinergic Signaling During Immune Cell Trafficking. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:399-411. [PMID: 27142306 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Migration and positioning of immune cells is fundamental for their differentiation and recruitment at sites of infection. Besides the fundamental role played by chemokines and their receptors, recent studies demonstrate that a complex network of purinergic signaling events plays a key role in these trafficking events. This process includes the release of nucleotides (such as ATP and ADP) and subsequent autocrine and paracrine signaling events through nucleotide receptors. At the same time, surface-expressed ectoapyrases and nucleotidases convert extracellular nucleotides to adenosine, and adenosine signaling events play additional functional roles in leucocyte trafficking. In this review we revisit classical paradigms of inflammatory cell trafficking in the context of recent studies implicating purinergic signaling events in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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47
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Grimaldi A, D'Alessandro G, Golia MT, Grössinger EM, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Santoro A, Esposito V, Wulff H, Catalano M, Limatola C. KCa3.1 inhibition switches the phenotype of glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2174. [PMID: 27054329 PMCID: PMC4855657 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the strategies adopted by glioma to successfully invade the brain parenchyma is turning the infiltrating microglia/macrophages (M/MΦ) into allies, by shifting them toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-tumor phenotype. Both glioma and infiltrating M/MΦ cells express the Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa3.1), and the inhibition of KCa3.1 activity on glioma cells reduces tumor infiltration in the healthy brain parenchyma. We wondered whether KCa3.1 inhibition could prevent the acquisition of a pro-tumor phenotype by M/MΦ cells, thus contributing to reduce glioma development. With this aim, we studied microglia cultured in glioma-conditioned medium or treated with IL-4, as well as M/MΦ cells acutely isolated from glioma-bearing mice and from human glioma biopsies. Under these different conditions, M/MΦ were always polarized toward an anti-inflammatory state, and preventing KCa3.1 activation by 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34), we observed a switch toward a pro-inflammatory, antitumor phenotype. We identified FAK and PI3K/AKT as the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenotype switch, activated in sequence after KCa3.1. Anti-inflammatory M/MΦ have higher expression levels of KCa3.1 mRNA (kcnn4) that are reduced by KCa3.1 inhibition. In line with these findings, TRAM-34 treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the size of tumors in glioma-bearing mice. Our data indicate that KCa3.1 channels are involved in the inhibitory effects exerted by the glioma microenvironment on infiltrating M/MΦ, suggesting a possible role as therapeutic targets in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - G D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - M T Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - E M Grössinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - D Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - A Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - V Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - H Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Drive, GBSF3502, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy
| | - C Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, Pozzilli 86077, Italy.,Pasteur Institute-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Poniatowski ŁA, Wojdasiewicz P, Krawczyk M, Szukiewicz D, Gasik R, Kubaszewski Ł, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Analysis of the Role of CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and Its Receptor CX3CR1 in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury: Insight into Recent Advances in Actions of Neurochemokine Agents. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2167-2188. [PMID: 26927660 PMCID: PMC5355526 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is the only member of the CX3C (delta) subfamily of chemokines which is unique and combines the properties of both chemoattractant and adhesion molecules. The two-form ligand can exist either in a soluble form, like all other chemokines, and as a membrane-anchored molecule. CX3CL1 discloses its biological properties through interaction with one dedicated CX3CR1 receptor which belongs to a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis acts in many physiological phenomena including those occurring in the central nervous system (CNS), by regulating the interactions between neurons, microglia, and immune cells. Apart from the role under physiological conditions, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis was implied to have a role in different neuropathologies such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). CNS injuries represent a serious public health problem, despite improvements in therapeutic management. To date, no effective treatment has been determined, so they constitute a leading cause of death and severe disability. The course of TBI and SCI has two consecutive poorly demarcated phases: the initial, primary injury and secondary injury. Recent evidence has implicated the role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in neuroinflammatory processes occurring after CNS injuries. The importance of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathophysiology of TBI and SCI in the context of systemic and direct local immune response is still under investigation. This paper, based on a review of the literature, updates and summarizes the current knowledge about CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis involvement in TBI and SCI pathogenesis, indicating possible molecular and cellular mechanisms with a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz A Poniatowski
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojdasiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Rheumaorthopaedics, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krawczyk
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pediatric and Neurological Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Marymoncka 34, 00-968, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Gasik
- Department of Rheumaorthopaedics, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Department of Neuroorthopaedics and Neurology, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Wiktor Dega Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545, Poznań, Poland
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Kaur T, Zamani D, Tong L, Rubel EW, Ohlemiller KK, Hirose K, Warchol ME. Fractalkine Signaling Regulates Macrophage Recruitment into the Cochlea and Promotes the Survival of Spiral Ganglion Neurons after Selective Hair Cell Lesion. J Neurosci 2015; 35:15050-61. [PMID: 26558776 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2325-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophages are recruited into the cochlea in response to injury caused by acoustic trauma or ototoxicity, but the nature of the interaction between macrophages and the sensory structures of the inner ear remains unclear. The present study examined the role of fractalkine signaling in regulating the injury-evoked behavior of macrophages following the selective ablation of cochlear hair cells. We used a novel transgenic mouse model in which the human diphtheria toxin receptor (huDTR) is selectively expressed under the control of Pou4f3, a hair cell-specific transcription factor. Administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) to these mice resulted in nearly complete ablation of cochlear hair cells, with no evident pathology among supporting cells, spiral ganglion neurons, or cells of the cochlear lateral wall. Hair cell death led to an increase in macrophages associated with the sensory epithelium of the cochlea. Their numbers peaked at 14 days after DT and then declined at later survival times. Increased macrophages were also observed within the spiral ganglion, but their numbers remained elevated for (at least) 56 d after DT. To investigate the role of fractalkine signaling in macrophage recruitment, we crossed huDTR mice to a mouse line that lacks expression of the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1). Disruption of fractalkine signaling reduced macrophage recruitment into both the sensory epithelium and spiral ganglion and also resulted in diminished survival of spiral ganglion neurons after hair cell death. Our results suggest a fractalkine-mediated interaction between macrophages and the neurons of the cochlea. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is known that damage to the inner ear leads to recruitment of inflammatory cells (macrophages), but the chemical signals that initiate this recruitment and the functions of macrophages in the damaged ear are unclear. Here we show that fractalkine signaling regulates macrophage recruitment into the cochlea and also promotes the survival of cochlear afferents after selective hair cell lesion. Because these afferent neurons carry sound information from the cochlea to the auditory brainstem, their survival is a key determinant of the success of cochlear prosthetics. Our data suggest that fractalkine signaling in the cochlea is neuroprotective, and reveal a previously uncharacterized interaction between cells of the cochlea and the innate immune system.
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50
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Lorea-Hernández JJ, Morales T, Rivera-Angulo AJ, Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Peña-Ortega F. Microglia modulate respiratory rhythm generation and autoresuscitation. Glia 2015; 64:603-19. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan-Julio Lorea-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - Teresa Morales
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - Ana-Julia Rivera-Angulo
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - David Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
| | - Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología; Instituto De Neurobiología, UNAM Campus Juriquilla; Querétaro México
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