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Derman BA, Fonseca R. Measurable Residual Disease and Decision-Making in Multiple Myeloma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:477-495. [PMID: 38184470 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Measurable (minimal) residual disease (MRD) has already proven to be one of the most important prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (MM). Each improvement in the depth of MRD testing has led to superior discrimination of outcomes, and sustained MRD negativity seems to be paramount to durable responses. Peripheral blood assays to assess for MRD are still under investigation but hold promise as complementary tools to bone marrow MRD assays such as next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry. Herein, the authors explore the evidence and potential benefits and drawbacks of MRD-adapted clinical decision-making in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Derman
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, 13400 East Shea Boulevard, MCCRB 3-001, Phoenix, AZ 85259, USA
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2
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Wijnands C, Langerhorst P, Noori S, Keizer-Garritsen J, Wessels HJ, Gloerich J, Bonifay V, Caillon H, Luider TM, van Gool AJ, Dejoie T, VanDuijn MM, Jacobs JF. M-protein diagnostics in multiple myeloma patients using ultra-sensitive targeted mass spectrometry and an off-the-shelf calibrator. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:540-550. [PMID: 37823394 PMCID: PMC10808047 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minimal residual disease status in multiple myeloma is an important prognostic biomarker. Recently, personalized blood-based targeted mass spectrometry (MS-MRD) was shown to provide a sensitive and minimally invasive alternative to measure minimal residual disease. However, quantification of MS-MRD requires a unique calibrator for each patient. The use of patient-specific stable isotope labelled (SIL) peptides is relatively costly and time-consuming, thus hindering clinical implementation. Here, we introduce a simplification of MS-MRD by using an off-the-shelf calibrator. METHODS SILuMAB-based MS-MRD was performed by spiking a monoclonal stable isotope labeled IgG, SILuMAB-K1, in the patient serum. The abundance of both M-protein-specific peptides and SILuMAB-specific peptides were monitored by mass spectrometry. The relative ratio between M-protein peptides and SILuMAB peptides allowed for M-protein quantification. We assessed linearity, sensitivity and reproducibility of SILuMAB-based MS-MRD in longitudinally collected sera from the IFM-2009 clinical trial. RESULTS A linear dynamic range was achieved of over 5 log scales, allowing for M-protein quantification down to 0.001 g/L. The inter-assay CV of SILuMAB-based MS-MRD was on average 11 %. Excellent concordance between SIL- and SILuMAB-based MS-MRD was shown (R2>0.985). Additionally, signal intensity of spiked SILuMAB can be used for quality control purpose to assess system performance and incomplete SILuMAB digestion can be used as quality control for sample preparation. CONCLUSIONS Compared to SIL peptides, SILuMAB-based MS-MRD improves the reproducibility, turn-around-times and cost-efficacy of MS-MRD without diminishing its sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, SILuMAB can be used as a MS-MRD quality control tool to monitor sample preparation efficacy and assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Wijnands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Langerhorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Somayya Noori
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans J.C.T. Wessels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hélène Caillon
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Theo M. Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alain J. van Gool
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Dejoie
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Martijn M. VanDuijn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joannes F.M. Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Guan L, Su W, Zhong J, Qiu L. M-protein detection by mass spectrometry for minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117623. [PMID: 37924928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by excessive production of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins). Routine screening methods for M proteins to assess prognosis are unable to detect low levels of M proteins produced by residual tumor cells, ie, minimal residual disease (MRD). Assessment of MRD can be conducted by examining residual tumor cells in bone marrow or circulating M proteins. Advances in mass spectrometry have enabled reliable and highly sensitive detection of low abundance serum biomarkers making it a viable and significantly less invasive approach. Mass spectrometry can achieve dynamic monitoring of MRD and identify therapeutic monoclonal antibodies as well as oligoclonal proteins. In this review we summarize mass spectrometry methods in M protein detection and their applications of MRD detection in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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Muccio S, Hirtz C, Descloux S, Fedeli O, Macé S, Lehmann S, Vialaret J. A sensitive high-resolution mass spectrometry method for quantifying intact M-protein light chains in patients with multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117634. [PMID: 37980975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
To determine the disease status and the response to treatment for patients with multiple myeloma, measuring serum M-protein levels is a widely used alternative to invasive punctures to count malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. However, the quantification of this monoclonal antibody, which varies from patient to patient, poses significant analytical challenges. This paper describes a sensitive and specific mass spectrometry assay that addresses two objectives: to overcome the potential interference of biotherapeutics in the measurement of M-proteins, and to determine the depth of response to treatment by assessing minimal residual disease. After immunocapture of immunoglobulins and free light chains in serum, heavy and light chains were dissociated by chemical reduction and separated by liquid chromatography. M-proteins were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry using a method combining a full MS scan for isotyping and identification and a targeted single ion monitoring scan for quantification. This method was able to discriminate M-protein from the therapeutic antibody in all patient samples analyzed and allowed quantification of M-protein with a LLOQ of 2.0 to 3.5 µg/ml in 5 out of 6 patients. This methodology appears to be promising for assessing minimal residual disease with sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Muccio
- Sanofi, TMED-BCB, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France.
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- Montpellier Univ, IRMB CHU, INM INSERM, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Descloux
- Sanofi, TMED-BCB, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Fedeli
- Sanofi, TMED-BCB, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Macé
- Sanofi, TMED-PMO, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Montpellier Univ, IRMB CHU, INM INSERM, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- Montpellier Univ, IRMB CHU, INM INSERM, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Abyadeh M, Alikhani M, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomics provides insights into the theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2023; 138:101-133. [PMID: 38220422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse range of membranous structures derived from cells, including exosomes and microvesicles. These vesicles are present in biological fluids and play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes. They facilitate intercellular communication by enabling the exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells. Understanding the cellular processes that govern EV biology is essential for unraveling their physiological and pathological functions and their potential clinical applications. Despite significant advancements in EV research in recent years, there is still much to learn about these vesicles. The advent of improved mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques has allowed for a deeper characterization of EV protein composition, providing valuable insights into their roles in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proteomics studies conducted to identify the protein contents of EVs, which contribute to their therapeutic and pathological features. We also provided evidence on the potential of EV proteome contents as biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment response, as well as factors that influence their composition. Additionally, we discuss the available databases containing information on EV proteome contents, and finally, we highlight the need for further research to pave the way toward their utilization in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Wijnands C, Noori S, Donk NWCJVD, VanDuijn MM, Jacobs JFM. Advances in minimal residual disease monitoring in multiple myeloma. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:518-534. [PMID: 37232394 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2209652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of plasma cells and the excretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein), or fragments thereof. This biomarker plays a key role in the diagnosis and monitoring of MM. Although there is currently no cure for MM, novel treatment modalities such as bispecific antibodies and CAR T-cell therapies have led to substantial improvement in survival. With the introduction of several classes of effective drugs, an increasing percentage of patients achieve a complete response. This poses new challenges to traditional electrophoretic and immunochemical M-protein diagnostics because these methods lack sensitivity to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD). In 2016, the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) expanded their disease response criteria with bone marrow-based MRD assessment using flow cytometry or next-generation sequencing in combination with imaging-based disease monitoring of extramedullary disease. MRD status is an important independent prognostic marker and its potential as a surrogate endpoint for progression-free survival is currently being studied. In addition, numerous clinical trials are investigating the added clinical value of MRD-guided therapy decisions in individual patients. Because of these novel clinical applications, repeated MRD evaluation is becoming common practice in clinical trials as well as in the management of patients outside clinical trials. In response to this, novel mass spectrometric methods that have been developed for blood-based MRD monitoring represent attractive minimally invasive alternatives to bone marrow-based MRD evaluation. This paves the way for dynamic MRD monitoring to allow the detection of early disease relapse, which may prove to be a crucial factor in facilitating future clinical implementation of MRD-guided therapy. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art of MRD monitoring, describes new developments and applications of blood-based MRD monitoring, and suggests future directions for its successful integration into the clinical management of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa Wijnands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Somayya Noori
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn M VanDuijn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joannes F M Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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7
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Kubicki T, Derman BA, Dytfeld D, Jakubowiak AJ. Measurable residual disease in peripheral blood in myeloma: dream or reality. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:574-580. [PMID: 37621165 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapeutic advancements in multiple myeloma have led to increasingly deeper and more durable responses, creating a need for highly sensitive and applicable techniques for measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment. Bone marrow assays can deeply assess for MRD, but it is not conducive to performing frequent and dynamic evaluations, which may be needed for MRD-adapted treatment approaches. Recently, numerous techniques for MRD assessment in peripheral blood have come under investigation, and their integration into routine clinical practice is eagerly anticipated. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), evaluation of cell-free DNA, and measuring monoclonal protein concentration with mass spectrometry are promising research areas for assessing myeloma in peripheral blood. CTCs assessment and cell-free DNA may carry prognostic significance, but they lack the sensitivity of bone marrow-based techniques. Mass spectrometry has already been implemented in clinical practice in certain centers, but its full potential has yet to be fully realized. This review focuses on recent developments in these fields, emphasizing the potential future roles of these assessments. SUMMARY MRD assessment in peripheral blood is still in the development stage but holds promise for not only complementing bone marrow based evaluations but also potential for improving sensitivity.
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Ng Liet Hing M, Khot A. Lenalidomide maintenance in Myeloma - a goldilocks problem? Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1611-1614. [PMID: 37671741 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2255325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ng Liet Hing
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Peng W, den Boer MA, Tamara S, Mokiem NJ, van der Lans SPA, Bondt A, Schulte D, Haas PJ, Minnema MC, Rooijakkers SHM, van Zuilen AD, Heck AJR, Snijder J. Direct Mass Spectrometry-Based Detection and Antibody Sequencing of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance from Patient Serum: A Case Study. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3022-3028. [PMID: 37499263 PMCID: PMC10476240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a plasma cell disorder characterized by the presence of a predominant monoclonal antibody (i.e., M-protein) in serum, without clinical symptoms. Here we present a case study in which we detect MGUS by liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling of IgG1 in human serum. We detected a Fab-glycosylated M-protein and determined the full heavy and light chain sequences by bottom-up proteomics techniques using multiple proteases, further validated by top-down LC-MS. Moreover, the composition and location of the Fab-glycan could be determined in CDR1 of the heavy chain. The outlined approach adds to an expanding mass spectrometry-based toolkit to characterize monoclonal gammopathies such as MGUS and multiple myeloma, with fine molecular detail. The ability to detect monoclonal gammopathies and determine M-protein sequences straight from blood samples by mass spectrometry provides new opportunities to understand the molecular mechanisms of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits A. den Boer
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia J. Mokiem
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors P. A. van der Lans
- Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Schulte
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan Haas
- Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department
of Hematology, University Medical Center
Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical
Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D. van Zuilen
- Department
of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular
Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular
Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jew S, Bujarski S, Regidor B, Emamy-Sadr M, Swift R, Eades B, Kim S, Eshaghian S, Berenson JR. Clinical Outcomes and Serum B-Cell Maturation Antigen Levels in a Real-World Unselected Population of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients. Target Oncol 2023; 18:735-747. [PMID: 37682503 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-00990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients have been widely published in the clinical trials setting, but data published from real-world settings are limited. OBJECTIVE We determined the survival and factors that predict outcomes among 161 unselected, newly diagnosed MM patients whose frontline therapy was started at a single clinic specializing in the treatment of this B-cell malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS None of these patients underwent an autologous stem cell transplantation as part of their initial therapy and the population had a high proportion (35%) of cytogenetic high-risk patients. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 42.7 months, the cohort had a median PFS of 22.8 months and a median OS of 136.2 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 97.5%, 85.3%, and 76.2%, respectively. These results are considerably better than those reported from patients enrolled in clinical trials and those from countries with national registries. Age <65 years predicted for a longer OS (p = 0.0004). Baseline serum B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) levels were also assessed and showed median and mean levels of 320.3 ng/mL and 551.1 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, patients with baseline sBCMA levels in the lowest quartile (≤136.2 ng/mL) showed a longer PFS (p = 0.0262). CONCLUSION These results provide clinicians with a real-world understanding of the survival of unselected, newly diagnosed patients initiating therapy in a clinic specializing in the care of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Jew
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, Suite 300, 9201 W. Sunset Boulevard, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
- Berenson Cancer Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Sean Bujarski
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, Suite 300, 9201 W. Sunset Boulevard, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
- Berenson Cancer Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James R Berenson
- Institute for Myeloma and Bone Cancer Research, Suite 300, 9201 W. Sunset Boulevard, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA.
- Berenson Cancer Center, West Hollywood, CA, USA.
- ONCOtherapeutics, West Hollywood, CA, USA.
- ONCOtracker, West Hollywood, CA, USA.
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Maiolino A, Costa ESD, Orfao A. Editorial: Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in multiple myeloma patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1211935. [PMID: 37284190 PMCID: PMC10241038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1211935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maiolino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Americas de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine Sobral Da Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS) Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBASAL), CIBERONC and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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