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Pulat E, Topçul MR. Effects of combined use of ribociclib with PARP1 inhibitor on cell kinetics in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:243. [PMID: 38638847 PMCID: PMC11024784 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, antiproliferative and anticancer effects of Valamor (VLM), which contains the active component ribociclib, and DPQ, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitor, alone and in combination were evaluated in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines in vitro. VLM was applied at concentrations of 40, 80 and 160 µg/ml, and DPQ was used at concentrations of 3, 6 and 9 µg/ml. The proliferation rate, cell index obtained from the real-time cell analysis system, mitosis activity, bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation and caspase activity parameters were determined. In conclusion, the results obtained from cell kinetics parameters demonstrated the anticancer and antiproliferative effects of the combination of VLM and DPQ on breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Pulat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet R. Topçul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Türkiye
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2
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Lin CJ, Jin X, Ma D, Chen C, Ou-Yang Y, Pei YC, Zhou CZ, Qu FL, Wang YJ, Liu CL, Fan L, Hu X, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. Genetic interactions reveal distinct biological and therapeutic implications in breast cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:701-719.e12. [PMID: 38593782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity of genomic alterations may reflect the existence of genetic interactions, potentially shaping distinct biological phenotypes and impacting therapeutic response in breast cancer. However, our understanding of them remains limited. Herein, we investigate a large-scale multi-omics cohort (n = 873) and a real-world clinical sequencing cohort (n = 4,405) including several clinical trials with detailed treatment outcomes and perform functional validation in patient-derived organoids, tumor fragments, and in vivo models. Through this comprehensive approach, we construct a network comprising co-alterations and mutually exclusive events and characterize their therapeutic potential and underlying biological basis. Notably, we identify associations between TP53mut-AURKAamp and endocrine therapy resistance, germline BRCA1mut-MYCamp and improved sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, and TP53mut-MYBamp and immunotherapy resistance. Furthermore, we reveal that precision treatment strategies informed by co-alterations hold promise to improve patient outcomes. Our study highlights the significance of genetic interactions in guiding genome-informed treatment decisions beyond single driver alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Pei
- Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao-Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei-Lin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Jin Wang
- Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Precision Cancer Medical Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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McFaline-Figueroa JL, Srivatsan S, Hill AJ, Gasperini M, Jackson DL, Saunders L, Domcke S, Regalado SG, Lazarchuck P, Alvarez S, Monnat RJ, Shendure J, Trapnell C. Multiplex single-cell chemical genomics reveals the kinase dependence of the response to targeted therapy. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100487. [PMID: 38278156 PMCID: PMC10879025 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical genetic screens are a powerful tool for exploring how cancer cells' response to drugs is shaped by their mutations, yet they lack a molecular view of the contribution of individual genes to the response to exposure. Here, we present sci-Plex-Gene-by-Environment (sci-Plex-GxE), a platform for combined single-cell genetic and chemical screening at scale. We highlight the advantages of large-scale, unbiased screening by defining the contribution of each of 522 human kinases to the response of glioblastoma to different drugs designed to abrogate signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. In total, we probed 14,121 gene-by-environment combinations across 1,052,205 single-cell transcriptomes. We identify an expression signature characteristic of compensatory adaptive signaling regulated in a MEK/MAPK-dependent manner. Further analyses aimed at preventing adaptation revealed promising combination therapies, including dual MEK and CDC7/CDK9 or nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitors, as potent means of preventing transcriptional adaptation of glioblastoma to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L McFaline-Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sanjay Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Hill
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Molly Gasperini
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Domcke
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel G Regalado
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Lazarchuck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarai Alvarez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Lozinski M, Bowden NA, Graves MC, Fay M, Day BW, Stringer BW, Tooney PA. ATR inhibition using gartisertib enhances cell death and synergises with temozolomide and radiation in patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2024; 15:1-18. [PMID: 38227740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma cells can restrict the DNA-damaging effects of temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT) using the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism which activates cell cycle arrest and DNA repair pathways. Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-Related protein (ATR) plays a pivotal role in the recognition of DNA damage induced by chemotherapy and radiation causing downstream DDR activation. Here, we investigated the activity of gartisertib, a potent ATR inhibitor, alone and in combination with TMZ and/or RT in 12 patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. We showed that gartisertib alone potently reduced the cell viability of glioblastoma cell lines, where sensitivity was associated with the frequency of DDR mutations and higher expression of the G2 cell cycle pathway. ATR inhibition significantly enhanced cell death in combination with TMZ and RT and was shown to have higher synergy than TMZ+RT treatment. MGMT promoter unmethylated and TMZ+RT resistant glioblastoma cells were also more sensitive to gartisertib. Analysis of gene expression from gartisertib treated glioblastoma cells identified the upregulation of innate immune-related pathways. Overall, this study identifies ATR inhibition as a strategy to enhance the DNA-damaging ability of glioblastoma standard treatment, while providing preliminary evidence that ATR inhibition induces an innate immune gene signature that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lozinski
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira C Graves
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- GenesisCare, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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5
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Yang Y, Liu P, Zhou M, Yin L, Wang M, Liu T, Jiang X, Gao H. Small-molecule drugs of colorectal cancer: Current status and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166880. [PMID: 37696461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the world's fourth most deadly cancer. CRC, as a genetic susceptible disease, faces significant challenges in optimizing prognosis through optimal drug treatment modalities. In recent decades, the development of innovative small-molecule drugs is expected to provide targeted interventions that accurately address the different molecular characteristics of CRC. Although the clinical application of single-target drugs is limited by the heterogeneity and high metastasis of CRC, novel small-molecule drug treatment strategies such as dual/multiple-target drugs, drug repurposing, and combination therapies can help overcome these challenges and provide new insights for improving CRC treatment. In this review, we focus on the current status of a range of small molecule drugs that are being considered for CRC therapy, including single-target drugs, dual/multiple-target drugs, drug repurposing and combination strategies, which will pave the way for targeting CRC vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs in future personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Yu L, Li JH, Zhu J, Wang YD, Yan ZW, Zhang LY, Li S. Discovery of novel 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[c]azepine-1,1'-cyclohexan]-5-ol derivatives as PARP-1 inhibitors. BMC Chem 2023; 17:147. [PMID: 37891641 PMCID: PMC10612255 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential marker of cancer treatment, PARP-1 inhibitors could effectively kill tumor cells through a mechanism known as synthetic lethality and are used to treat a variety of cancers. In order to explore novel PARP-1 inhibitors, a series of 22 novel erythrina derivatives were reported and preliminarily explored their mechanism of action. The antitumor activities against four human cancer cell lines including A549, OVCAR-3, HCT-116, and MCF-7 were evaluated, and the preliminary SARs were summarized. Among them, compound 11b exhibited better anti-proliferative effects against A549 cells (IC50 = 1.95 µM). The SI results showed that compound 11b had low toxicity. Moreover, compound 11b displayed excellent PARP-1 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 19.24 nM. In addition, molecular docking studies provided the rational binding modes of compound 11b in complexes with PARP-1. The flow cytometry assays revealed that compound 11b could induce apoptosis of A549 cells (P < 0.001). Simultaneously, compound 11b could effectively reduce the formation of PAR (P < 0.001). The ADMET prediction results indicated compound 11b had similar properties to rucaparib. Collectively, compound 11b has potential research value for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anorectal Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Ju Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - You-de Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Hebei Key Laboratory of Nerve Injury and Repair, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Chengde, 067000, P. R. China.
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Pluta AJ, Studniarek C, Murphy S, Norbury CJ. Cyclin-dependent kinases: Masters of the eukaryotic universe. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2023; 15:e1816. [PMID: 37718413 PMCID: PMC10909489 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A family of structurally related cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) drives many aspects of eukaryotic cell function. Much of the literature in this area has considered individual members of this family to act primarily either as regulators of the cell cycle, the context in which CDKs were first discovered, or as regulators of transcription. Until recently, CDK7 was the only clear example of a CDK that functions in both processes. However, new data points to several "cell-cycle" CDKs having important roles in transcription and some "transcriptional" CDKs having cell cycle-related targets. For example, novel functions in transcription have been demonstrated for the archetypal cell cycle regulator CDK1. The increasing evidence of the overlap between these two CDK types suggests that they might play a critical role in coordinating the two processes. Here we review the canonical functions of cell-cycle and transcriptional CDKs, and provide an update on how these kinases collaborate to perform important cellular functions. We also provide a brief overview of how dysregulation of CDKs contributes to carcinogenesis, and possible treatment avenues. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Processing > 3' End Processing RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris J. Norbury
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Gao M, Liu W, Li T, Song Z, Wang X, Zhang X. Identifying Genetic Signatures Associated with Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress in Osteosarcoma and Screening for Potential Targeted Drugs. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10497-4. [PMID: 37672187 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. Due to the lack of selectivity and sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, coupled with the use of large doses, chemotherapy drugs often have systemic toxicity. The use of modern sequencing technology to screen tumor markers in a large number of tumor samples is a common method for screening highly specific and selective anti-tumor drugs. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers using the latest reported gene expression signatures of oncogene-induced replication stress (ORS) in aggressive cancers, and potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs were screened in different drug databases. In this study, we obtained 89 osteosarcoma-related samples in the TARGET database, all of which included survival information. According to the median expression of each of six reported ORS gene markers (NAT10/DDX27/ZNF48/C8ORF33/MOCS3/MPP6), we divided 89 osteosarcoma gene expression datasets into a high expression group and a low expression group and then performed a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. The coexisting genes of 6 groups of DEGs were used as replication stress-related genes (RSGs) of osteosarcoma. Then, key RSGs were screened using LASSO regression, a Cox risk proportional regression prognostic model and a tenfold cross-validation test. GSE21257 datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to verify the prognostic model. The final key RSGs selected were used in the L1000PWD and DGIdb databases to mine potential drugs. After further validation by the prognostic model, we identified seven genes associated with ORS in osteosarcoma as key RSGs, including transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2), solute carrier family 27 member 4 (SLC27A4), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), nucleolar protein 6 (NOL6), coiled-coil-coil-coil-coil-helix domain containing 4 (CHCHD4), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B), and synthesis of cytochrome C oxidase 1 (SCO1). Then, we screened the seven key RSGs in two drug databases and found six potential anti-osteosarcoma drugs (D GIdb database: repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, and hydrochlorothiazide; L1000PWD database: the small molecule VU-0365117-1). Seven RSGs (TCF7L2, SLC27A4, PCSK5, NOL6, CHCHD4, EIF3B, and SCO1) may be associated with the ORS gene signatures in osteosarcoma. Repaglinide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, cyclosporine, hydrochlorothiazide and the small molecule VU-0365117-1 are potential therapeutic drugs for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - ZeLong Song
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - XiangYu Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, First Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - XueSong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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9
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Vollmer J, Ecker J, Hielscher T, Valinciute G, Ridinger J, Jamaladdin N, Peterziel H, van Tilburg CM, Oehme I, Witt O, Milde T. Class I HDAC inhibition reduces DNA damage repair capacity of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:617-632. [PMID: 37783879 PMCID: PMC10589189 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MYC-driven Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) (subtype II) is a highly aggressive childhood brain tumor. Sensitivity of MYC-driven MB to class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been previously demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In this study we characterize the transcriptional effects of class I HDACi in MYC-driven MB and explore beneficial drug combinations. METHODS MYC-amplified Group 3 MB cells (HD-MB03) were treated with class I HDACi entinostat. Changes in the gene expression profile were quantified on a microarray. Bioinformatic assessment led to the identification of pathways affected by entinostat treatment. Five drugs interfering with these pathways (olaparib, idasanutlin, ribociclib, selinexor, vinblastine) were tested for synergy with entinostat in WST-8 metabolic activity assays in a 5 × 5 combination matrix design. Synergy was validated in cell count and flow cytometry experiments. The effect of entinostat and olaparib on DNA damage was evaluated by γH2A.X quantification in immunoblotting, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS Entinostat treatment changed the expression of genes involved in 22 pathways, including downregulation of DNA damage response. The PARP1 inhibitors olaparib and pamiparib showed synergy with entinostat selectively in MYC-amplified MB cells, leading to increased cell death, decreased viability and increased formation of double strand breaks, as well as increased sensitivity to additional induction of DNA damage by doxorubicin. Non-MYC-amplified MB cells and normal human fibroblasts were not susceptible to this triple treatment. CONCLUSION Our study identifies the combination of entinostat with olaparib as a new potential therapeutic approach for MYC-driven Group 3 MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vollmer
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gintvile Valinciute
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johannes Ridinger
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Jamaladdin
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelis M van Tilburg
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Sun YM, Zhang YM, Shi HL, Yang S, Zhao YL, Liu HJ, Li C, Liu HL, Yang JP, Song J, Sun GZ, Yang JK. Enhancer-driven transcription of MCM8 by E2F4 promotes ATR pathway activation and glioma stem cell characteristics. Hereditas 2023; 160:29. [PMID: 37349788 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for glioma recurrence and drug resistance, yet the mechanisms underlying their maintenance remains unclear. This study aimed to identify enhancer-controlled genes involved in GSCs maintenance and elucidate the mechanisms underlying their regulation. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq data and H3K27ac ChIP-seq data from GSE119776 to identify differentially expressed genes and enhancers, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis was performed for functional enrichment. Transcription factors were predicted using the Toolkit for Cistrome Data Browser. Prognostic analysis and gene expression correlation was conducted using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) data. Two GSC cell lines, GSC-A172 and GSC-U138MG, were isolated from A172 and U138MG cell lines. qRT-PCR was used to detect gene transcription levels. ChIP-qPCR was used to detect H3K27ac of enhancers, and binding of E2F4 to target gene enhancers. Western blot was used to analyze protein levels of p-ATR and γH2AX. Sphere formation, limiting dilution and cell growth assays were used to analyze GSCs growth and self-renewal. RESULTS We found that upregulated genes in GSCs were associated with ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) pathway activation, and that seven enhancer-controlled genes related to ATR pathway activation (LIN9, MCM8, CEP72, POLA1, DBF4, NDE1, and CDKN2C) were identified. Expression of these genes corresponded to poor prognosis in glioma patients. E2F4 was identified as a transcription factor that regulates enhancer-controlled genes related to the ATR pathway activation, with MCM8 having the highest hazard ratio among genes positively correlated with E2F4 expression. E2F4 bound to MCM8 enhancers to promote its transcription. Overexpression of MCM8 partially restored the inhibition of GSCs self-renewal, cell growth, and the ATR pathway activation caused by E2F4 knockdown. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that E2F4-mediated enhancer activation of MCM8 promotes the ATR pathway activation and GSCs characteristics. These findings offer promising targets for the development of new therapies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yi-Meng Zhang
- Medical Department, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Liang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yin-Long Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hong-Lei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shijiazhuang Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Ji-Peng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Guo-Zhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jian-Kai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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11
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McFaline-Figueroa JL, Srivatsan S, Hill AJ, Gasperini M, Jackson DL, Saunders L, Domcke S, Regalado SG, Lazarchuck P, Alvarez S, Monnat RJ, Shendure J, Trapnell C. Multiplex single-cell chemical genomics reveals the kinase dependence of the response to targeted therapy. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.10.531983. [PMID: 37398090 PMCID: PMC10312454 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.531983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical genetic screens are a powerful tool for exploring how cancer cells' response to drugs is shaped by their mutations, yet they lack a molecular view of the contribution of individual genes to the response to exposure. Here, we present sci-Plex-Gene-by-Environment (sci-Plex-GxE), a platform for combined single-cell genetic and chemical screening at scale. We highlight the advantages of large-scale, unbiased screening by defining the contribution of each of 522 human kinases to the response of glioblastoma to different drugs designed to abrogate signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. In total, we probed 14,121 gene-by-environment combinations across 1,052,205 single-cell transcriptomes. We identify an expression signature characteristic of compensatory adaptive signaling regulated in a MEK/MAPK-dependent manner. Further analyses aimed at preventing adaptation revealed promising combination therapies, including dual MEK and CDC7/CDK9 or NF-kB inhibitors, as potent means of preventing transcriptional adaptation of glioblastoma to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. McFaline-Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Molly Gasperini
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana L. Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauren Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Domcke
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel G. Regalado
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Lazarchuck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarai Alvarez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raymond J. Monnat
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Kardani K, Sanchez Gil J, Rabkin SD. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for the treatment of glioma and targeting glioblastoma stem-like cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1206111. [PMID: 37325516 PMCID: PMC10264819 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1206111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal cancers, having a poor prognosis and a median survival of only about 15 months with standard treatment (surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), which has not been significantly extended in decades. GBM demonstrates remarkable cellular heterogeneity, with glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) at the apex. GSCs are a subpopulation of GBM cells that possess the ability to self-renew, differentiate, initiate tumor formation, and manipulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). GSCs are no longer considered a static population of cells with specific markers but are quite flexible phenotypically and in driving tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. In light of these features, they are a critical target for successful GBM therapy. Oncolytic viruses, in particular oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), have many attributes for therapy and are promising agents to target GSCs. oHSVs are genetically-engineered to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, including GSCs, but not normal cells. Moreover, oHSV can induce anti-tumor immune responses and synergize with other therapies, such as chemotherapy, DNA repair inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, to potentiate treatment effects and reduce GSC populations that are partly responsible for chemo- and radio-resistance. Herein, we present an overview of GSCs, activity of different oHSVs, clinical trial results, and combination strategies to enhance efficacy, including therapeutic arming of oHSV. Throughout, the therapeutic focus will be on GSCs and studies specifically targeting these cells. Recent clinical trials and approval of oHSV G47Δ in Japan for patients with recurrent glioma demonstrate the efficacy and promise of oHSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Wu X, Xie Y, Zhao K, Lu J. Targeting the super elongation complex for oncogenic transcription driven tumor malignancies: Progress in structure, mechanisms and small molecular inhibitor discovery. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 158:387-421. [PMID: 36990537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic transcription activation is associated with tumor development and resistance derived from chemotherapy or target therapy. The super elongation complex (SEC) is an important complex regulating gene transcription and expression in metazoans closely related to physiological activities. In normal transcriptional regulation, SEC can trigger promoter escape, limit proteolytic degradation of transcription elongation factors and increase the synthesis of RNA polymerase II (POL II), and regulate many normal human genes to stimulate RNA elongation. Dysregulation of SEC accompanied by multiple transcription factors in cancer promotes rapid transcription of oncogenes and induce cancer development. In this review, we summarized recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of SEC in regulating normal transcription, and importantly its roles in cancer development. We also highlighted the discovery of SEC complex target related inhibitors and their potential applications in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
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14
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M A, Xavier J, A S F, Bisht P, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Epigenetic basis for PARP mutagenesis in glioblastoma: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175424. [PMID: 36442619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several modifications in the glioblastoma genes are caused by epigenetic modifications, which are crucial in appropriate developmental processes such as self-renewal and destiny determination of neural stem cells. Poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) is an essential cofactor involved in DNA repair as well as several other cellular functions such as transcription and chromatin shape modification. Inhibiting PARP has evolved for triggering cell damage in cancerous cells when paired with certain other anticancer drugs including temozolomide (TMZ). PARP1 is involved with in base excision repair (BER) pathway, however its functionality differs across types of tumours. Epigenomics as well as chromosomal statistics have contributed to the growth of main subgroups of glioma, which serve as foundation for the categorization of central nervous system (CNS) tumours as well as a unique classification based only on DNA methylation information, which demonstrates extraordinary diagnostic accuracy. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), and there is no way to anticipate who will and who will not. In this field, PARPi are one of the innovative medicines currently being explored. As a result, cancer cells that also have a homologous recombination defect become fatal synthetically. As well as preparing the tumour microenvironment for immunotherapy, PARPi may enhance the lethal effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article analyzes the justification and clinical evidence for PARPi in glioma to offer potential therapeutic approaches. Despite the effectiveness of these targeted drugs, researchers have looked into a number of resistance mechanisms as well as the growing usage of PARPi in clinical practice for the treatment of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu M
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Joyal Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Fathima A S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India; Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India.
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15
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Oshi M, Gandhi S, Wu R, Asaoka M, Yan L, Yamada A, Yamamoto S, Narui K, Chishima T, Ishikawa T, Endo I, Takabe K. Development of a novel BRCAness score that predicts response to PARP inhibitors. Biomark Res 2022; 10:80. [PMID: 36371386 PMCID: PMC9652967 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCAness is a characteristic feature of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mimicking BRCA gene mutation in breast cancer. We hypothesized that a measure to quantify BRCAness that causes synthetic lethality in BRCA mutated tumors will identify responders to PARP inhibitors. METHODS A total of 6753 breast cancer patients from 3 large independent cohorts were analyzed. A score was generated by transcriptomic profiling using gene set variation analysis algorithm on 34 BRCA1-mutation related genes selected by high AUC levels in ROC curve between BRCA1 mutation and wildtype breast cancer. RESULTS The score was significantly associated with BRCA1 mutation, high mutation load and intratumoral heterogeneity as expected, as well as with high HRD, DNA repair and MKi67 expression regardless of BRCA mutations. High BRCAness tumors enriched not only DNA repair, but also all five Hallmark cell proliferation-related gene sets. High BRCAness tumors were significantly associated with higher cytolytic activity and with higher anti-cancerous immune cell infiltration. Not only did the breast cancer cell lines with BRCA-mutation show high score, but even the other cells in human breast cancer tumor microenvironment were contributing to the score. The BRCAness score was the highest in triple-negative breast cancer consistently in all 3 cohorts. BRCAness was associated with response to chemotherapy and correlated strongly with response to PARP inhibitor in both triple-negative and ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS We established a novel BRCAness score using BRCA-mutation-related gene expressions and found that it associates with DNA repair and predicts response to PARP inhibitors regardless of BRCA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Shipra Gandhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402 Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402 Japan
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kazutaka Narui
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402 Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8520 Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295 Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
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16
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Batalini F, Gulhan DC, Mao V, Tran A, Polak M, Xiong N, Tayob N, Tung NM, Winer EP, Mayer EL, Knappskog S, Lønning PE, Matulonis UA, Konstantinopoulos PA, Solit DB, Won H, Eikesdal HP, Park PJ, Wulf GM. Mutational Signature 3 Detected from Clinical Panel Sequencing is Associated with Responses to Olaparib in Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4714-4723. [PMID: 36048535 PMCID: PMC9623231 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) beyond BRCA1/2 mutations is an urgent task, as they may benefit from PARP inhibitors. We have previously developed a method to detect mutational signature 3 (Sig3), termed SigMA, associated with HRD from clinical panel sequencing data, that is able to reliably detect HRD from the limited sequencing data derived from gene-focused panel sequencing. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We apply this method to patients from two independent datasets: (i) high-grade serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from a phase Ib trial of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (BKM120; NCT01623349), and (ii) TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant olaparib in the phase II PETREMAC trial (NCT02624973). RESULTS We find that Sig3 as detected by SigMA is positively associated with improved progression-free survival and objective responses. In addition, comparison of Sig3 detection in panel and exome-sequencing data from the same patient samples demonstrated highly concordant results and superior performance in comparison with the genomic instability score. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses demonstrate that HRD can be detected reliably from panel-sequencing data that are obtained as part of routine clinical care, and that this approach can identify patients beyond those with germline BRCA1/2mut who might benefit from PARP inhibitors. Prospective clinical utility testing is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Batalini
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Doga C. Gulhan
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor Mao
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antuan Tran
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline Polak
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Niya Xiong
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Data Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nabihah Tayob
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Data Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nadine M. Tung
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric P. Winer
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica L. Mayer
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stian Knappskog
- University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per E. Lønning
- University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ursula A. Matulonis
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David B. Solit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Helen Won
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hans P. Eikesdal
- University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter J. Park
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerburg M. Wulf
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Li S, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hong Z, Han Z. The synthetic lethality of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs in cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:147. [PMID: 36253861 PMCID: PMC9578258 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell division is a hallmark of cancer, and the underlying mechanism is tumor genomics instability. Cell cycle checkpoints are critical for enabling an orderly cell cycle and maintaining genome stability during cell division. Based on their distinct functions in cell cycle control, cell cycle checkpoints are classified into two groups: DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication stress checkpoints. The DNA damage checkpoints (ATM-CHK2-p53) primarily monitor genetic errors and arrest cell cycle progression to facilitate DNA repair. Unfortunately, genes involved in DNA damage checkpoints are frequently mutated in human malignancies. In contrast, genes associated with DNA replication stress checkpoints (ATR-CHK1-WEE1) are rarely mutated in tumors, and cancer cells are highly dependent on these genes to prevent replication catastrophe and secure genome integrity. At present, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) operate through “synthetic lethality” mechanism with mutant DNA repair pathways genes in cancer cells. However, an increasing number of patients are acquiring PARP inhibitor resistance after prolonged treatment. Recent work suggests that a combination therapy of targeting cell cycle checkpoints and PARPs act synergistically to increase the number of DNA errors, compromise the DNA repair machinery, and disrupt the cell cycle, thereby increasing the death rate of cancer cells with DNA repair deficiency or PARP inhibitor resistance. We highlight a combinational strategy involving PARP inhibitors and inhibition of two major cell cycle checkpoint pathways, ATM-CHK2-TP53 and ATR-CHK1-WEE1. The biological functions, resistance mechanisms against PARP inhibitors, advances in preclinical research, and clinical trials are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Yang J, Xu H, Li C, Li Z, Hu Z. An explorative study for leveraging transcriptomic data of embryonic stem cells in mining cancer stemness genes, regulators, and networks. Math Biosci Eng 2022; 19:13949-13966. [PMID: 36654075 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the exquisite ability of cancer stemness to facilitate tumor initiation, metastasis, and cancer therapy resistance, targeting cancer stemness is expected to have clinical implications for cancer treatment. Genes are fundamental for forming and maintaining stemness. Considering shared genetic programs and pathways between embryonic stem cells and cancer stem cells, we conducted a study analyzing transcriptomic data of embryonic stem cells for mining potential cancer stemness genes. Firstly, we integrated co-expression and regression models and predicted 820 stemness genes. Results of gene enrichment analysis confirmed the good prediction performance for enriched signatures in cancer stem cells. Secondly, we provided an application case using the predicted stemness genes to construct a breast cancer stemness network. Mining on the network identified CD44, SOX2, TWIST1, and DLG4 as potential regulators of breast cancer stemness. Thirdly, using the signature of 31,028 chemical perturbations and their correlation with stemness marker genes, we predicted 67 stemness inhibitors with reasonable accuracy of 78%. Two drugs, namely Rigosertib and Proscillaridin A, were first identified as potential stemness inhibitors for melanoma and colon cancer, respectively. Overall, mining embryonic stem cell data provides a valuable way to identify cancer stemness regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Congshu Li
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong 524001, China
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19
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Shih LK, Mukherjee S, Brat DJ. Off the Clock: the Non-canonical Roles of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Neural and Glioma Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Mol Neurobiol 2022. [PMID: 36042143 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to drive growth and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) by "hijacking" at least a subset of signaling pathways active in normal neural stem cells (NSCs). Though the origins of GSCs still remain elusive, uncovering the mechanisms of self-renewing division and cell differentiation in normal NSCs has shed light on their dysfunction in GSCs. However, the distinction between self-renewing division pathways utilized by NSC and GSC becomes critical when considering options for therapeutically targeting signaling pathways that are specifically active or altered in GSCs. It is well-established that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle, yet more recent studies have shown that CDKs also play important roles in the regulation of neuronal survival, metabolism, differentiation, and self-renewal. The intimate relationship between cell cycle regulation and the cellular programs that determine self-renewing division versus cell differentiation is only beginning to be understood, yet seems to suggest potential differential vulnerabilities in GSCs. In this timely review, we focus on the role of CDKs in regulating the self-renewal properties of normal NSCs and GSCs, highlighting novel opportunities to therapeutically target self-renewing signaling pathways specifically in GBM.
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Chen Q, Jia C, Xu Y, Jiang Z, Hu T, Li C, Cheng X. Dual-pH responsive chitosan nanoparticles for improving in vivo drugs delivery and chemoresistance in breast cancer. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Zhu S, Zhao J, Nie L, Yin W, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Ni Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Dai J, Liu Z, Chen J, Zeng Y, Wang Z, Sun G, Liang J, Zhao X, Zhu X, Tao R, Yang J, He B, Chen N, Shen P, Zeng H. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score in aggressive prostatic adenocarcinoma with or without intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P). BMC Med 2022; 20:237. [PMID: 35864546 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a subtype of prostate cancer featured by poor prognosis. Previous studies suggested IDC-P could have a potentially unstable genome. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) score is a result-oriented method to describe the genomic instability status. This study investigates the association of HRD scores with IDC-P and other clinicopathological factors and the prognostic implication of HRD scores in an aggressive prostate cancer cohort. METHODS This study involved 123 PCa patients, including high-risk localized (M0) and de novo metastatic (M1) diseases. HRD score is calculated based on over 10,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms distributed across the human genome. We explored the association between HRD scores and clinicopathological characteristics, genomic alterations, and patients' prognoses using rank-sum tests, chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards method. RESULTS The median HRD score of this cohort is 21.0, with 65 (52.8%) patients showing HRD score≥21. Tumors with IDC-P displayed higher HRD scores than adenocarcinoma (P=0.002); other high HRD score-related factors included M1 (P =0.008) and high ISUP grades (4-5) (P=0.001). MYC mutations were associated with high HRD scores (P<0.001) in the total cohort. TP53 mutations (P=0.010) and HRR pathway mutations (P=0.028) corresponded to high HRD scores in IDC-P positive and non-IDC-P patients, respectively, but not vice versa. HRD scores higher than 21 indicated significantly worse survival in the total cohort. CONCLUSIONS M1, high Gleason score, and IDC-P pathology represent higher HRD scores in PCa. Tumors with IDC-P might have different driven mechanisms for high HRD scores than non-IDC-P. HRD score displayed prognostic value in this aggressive prostate cancer cohort.
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22
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Bisht P, Kumar VU, Pandey R, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Role of PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma and Perceiving Challenges as Well as Strategies for Successful Clinical Development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939570. [PMID: 35873570 PMCID: PMC9297740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most aggressive primary type of brain tumor, representing 54% of all gliomas. The average life span for glioblastoma multiform is around 14-15 months instead of treatment. The current treatment for glioblastoma multiform includes surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy for 6.5 months, followed by another 6 months of maintenance therapy with temozolomide chemotherapy (5 days every month). However, resistance to temozolomide is frequently one of the limiting factors in effective treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been investigated as sensitizing drugs to enhance temozolomide potency. However, clinical use of PARP inhibitors in glioblastoma multiform is difficult due to a number of factors such as limited blood-brain barrier penetration of PARP inhibitors, inducing resistance due to frequent use of PARP inhibitors, and overlapping hematologic toxicities of PARP inhibitors when co-administered with glioblastoma multiform standard treatment (radiation therapy and temozolomide). This review elucidates the role of PARP inhibitors in temozolomide resistance, multiple factors that make development of these PARP inhibitor drugs challenging, and the strategies such as the development of targeted drug therapies and combination therapy to combat the resistance of PARP inhibitors that can be adopted to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - V. Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
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Liu Q, Chung S, Murata MM, Han B, Gao B, Zhang M, Lee TY, Chirshev E, Unternaehrer J, Tanaka H, Giuliano AE, Cui Y, Cui X. TOP1 inhibition induces bifurcated JNK/MYC signaling that dictates cancer cell sensitivity. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4203-4218. [PMID: 35844787 PMCID: PMC9274500 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not respond to anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapies and is commonly treated by chemotherapy. TNBC has a high recurrence rate, particularly within the first 3 years. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to develop more effective therapies for TNBC. Topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors cause DNA damage, making these drugs desirable for TNBC treatment since DNA repair machinery is defective in this subtype of breast cancer. Among the main molecular subtypes of breast cancer, the TNBC cell lines exhibited the highest TOP1 inhibition sensitivity. However, clinically used TOP1 inhibitors, such as topotecan and irinotecan, have shown limited clinical applications and the reasons remain unclear. Understanding the mechanism of differential responses to TOP1 blockade and identifying the predictive markers for cancer cell sensitivity will help further TOP1-targeted therapy for TNBC treatment and improve the clinical use of TOP1 inhibitors. Methods: Viability assays were used to evaluate breast cancer cell sensitivity to topotecan and other TOP1 inhibitors as well as TOP2 inhibitors. An in vitro-derived topotecan-resistant TNBC cell model and TNBC xenograft models were employed to confirm cancer cell response to TOP1 blockade. RNA-seq was used to identify potential predictive markers for TNBC cell response to TOP1 blockade. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to measure the protein levels and RNA expression. ATAC-seq and luciferase reporter assays were used to examine MYC transcriptional regulations. The effects of MYC and JNK in cancer cell response to TOP1 inhibition were validated via loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments. Results: We observed two distinct and diverging cancer cell responses - sensitive versus resistant to TOP1 inhibition, which was confirmed by TNBC xenograft mouse models treated by topotecan. TNBC cells exhibited bifurcated temporal patterns of ATR pathway activation upon TOP1 inhibitor treatment. The sensitive TNBC cells showed an "up then down" dynamic pattern of ATR/Chk1 signaling, while the resistant TNBC cells exhibited a "persistently up" profile. On the contrary, opposite temporal patterns of induced expression of MYC, a key regulator and effector of DNA damage, were found in TNBC cells treated by TOP1 inhibitors. Mechanistically, we showed that TOP1-induced JNK signaling upregulated MYC expression. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of ATR reversed TNBC cell resistance to topotecan, whereas MYC knockdown and JNK inhibition reduced cancer cell sensitivity. Conclusions: Dynamic temporal profiles of induced ATR/Chk1 and JNK activation as well as MYC expression, may predict cancer cell response to TOP1 inhibitors. JNK activation-mediated constitutive elevation of MYC expression may represent a novel mechanism governing cancer cell sensitivity to TOP1-targeting therapy. Our results may provide implications for identifying TNBC patients who might benefit from the treatment with TOP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stacey Chung
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael M. Murata
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bingchen Han
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Maoqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College Cancer Hospital, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Evgeny Chirshev
- Loma Linda University, Department of Basic Sciences, 11085 Campus Street Mortensen Hall 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Juli Unternaehrer
- Loma Linda University, Department of Basic Sciences, 11085 Campus Street Mortensen Hall 219, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Armando E. Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yukun Cui
- Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College Cancer Hospital, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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McSwain LF, Parwani KK, Shahab SW, Hambardzumyan D, MacDonald TJ, Spangle JM, Kenney AM. Medulloblastoma and the DNA Damage Response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903830. [PMID: 35747808 PMCID: PMC9209741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children with standard of care consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Recent molecular profiling led to the identification of four molecularly distinct MB subgroups – Wingless (WNT), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. Despite genomic MB characterization and subsequent tumor stratification, clinical treatment paradigms are still largely driven by histology, degree of surgical resection, and presence or absence of metastasis rather than molecular profile. Patients usually undergo resection of their tumor followed by craniospinal radiation (CSI) and a 6 month to one-year multi-agent chemotherapeutic regimen. While there is clearly a need for development of targeted agents specific to the molecular alterations of each patient, targeting proteins responsible for DNA damage repair could have a broader impact regardless of molecular subgrouping. DNA damage response (DDR) protein inhibitors have recently emerged as targeted agents with potent activity as monotherapy or in combination in different cancers. Here we discuss the molecular underpinnings of genomic instability in MB and potential avenues for exploitation through DNA damage response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F. McSwain
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kiran K. Parwani
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shubin W. Shahab
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tobey J. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Spangle
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anna Marie Kenney
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anna Marie Kenney,
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Ye P, Chi X, Yan X, Wu F, Liang Z, Yang WH. Alanine–Glyoxylate Aminotransferase Sustains Cancer Stemness Properties through the Upregulation of SOX2 and OCT4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050668. [PMID: 35625596 PMCID: PMC9138635 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a small subset of oncogenic cells with a self-renewal ability and drug resistance, and they promote the recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms regulating LCSCs have not been fully explored. By enriching LCSCs from spheroid cultures and performing transcriptomic analysis, we determined that alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT), which participates in the metabolism of serine and glycine, was significantly upregulated in spheroid cultures, and its function in LCSCs remains unknown. Through the exogenous overexpression or short hairpin RNA knockdown of AGXT in HCC cells, we observed that changes in the AGXT level did not affect the spheroid ability and population of LCSCs. The knockdown of AGXT in LCSCs reduced the number of spheroids and the population of LCSCs; this implies that AGXT is required for the maintenance of cancer stemness rather than as a driver of LCSCs. Mechanistically, AGXT may sustain the self-renewal potential of LCSCs by upregulating the expression of SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), two well-known master regulators of cancer stemness. Taken together, our study demonstrates the role of AGXT in supporting LCSCs; thus, AGXT merits further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fangqin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China;
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Everix L, Nair S, Driver CHS, Goethals I, Sathekge MM, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C, Bolcaen J. Perspective on the Use of DNA Repair Inhibitors as a Tool for Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1821. [PMID: 35406593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current routine treatment for glioblastoma (GB), the most lethal high-grade brain tumor in adults, aims to induce DNA damage in the tumor. However, the tumor cells might be able to repair that damage, which leads to therapy resistance. Fortunately, DNA repair defects are common in GB cells, and their survival is often based on a sole backup repair pathway. Hence, targeted drugs inhibiting essential proteins of the DNA damage response have gained momentum and are being introduced in the clinic. This review gives a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting DDR kinases for imaging in order to determine the DNA repair phenotype of GB, as well as for effective radionuclide therapy. Finally, four new promising radiopharmaceuticals are suggested with the potential to lead to a more personalized GB therapy. Abstract Despite numerous innovative treatment strategies, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains challenging. With the current state-of-the-art therapy, most GB patients succumb after about a year. In the evolution of personalized medicine, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining momentum, for example, to stratify patients based on specific biomarkers. One of these biomarkers is deficiencies in DNA damage repair (DDR), which give rise to genomic instability and cancer initiation. However, these deficiencies also provide targets to specifically kill cancer cells following the synthetic lethality principle. This led to the increased interest in targeted drugs that inhibit essential DDR kinases (DDRi), of which multiple are undergoing clinical validation. In this review, the current status of DDRi for the treatment of GB is given for selected targets: ATM/ATR, CHK1/2, DNA-PK, and PARP. Furthermore, this review provides a perspective on the use of radiopharmaceuticals targeting these DDR kinases to (1) evaluate the DNA repair phenotype of GB before treatment decisions are made and (2) induce DNA damage via TRT. Finally, by applying in-house selection criteria and analyzing the structural characteristics of the DDRi, four drugs with the potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals are suggested.
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Govindarajan V, Shah AH, Di L, Rivas S, Suter RK, Eichberg DG, Luther E, Lu V, Morell AA, Ivan ME, Komotar RJ, Ayad N, De La Fuente M. Systematic Review of Epigenetic Therapies for Treatment of IDH-mutant Glioma. World Neurosurg 2022; 162:47-56. [PMID: 35314408 PMCID: PMC9177782 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are present in 70% of World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas. IDH mutation induces accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate. Therefore, therapies targeting reversal of epigenetic dysregulation in gliomas have been suggested. However, the utility of epigenetic treatments in gliomas remains unclear. Here, we present the first clinical systematic review of epigenetic therapies in treatment of IDH-mutant gliomas and highlight their safety and efficacy. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from 2000 to January 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were screened to include clinical usage of epigenetic therapies in case reports, prospective case series, or clinical trials. Primary and secondary outcomes included safety/tolerability of epigenetic therapies and progression-free survival/overall survival, respectively. RESULTS A total of 133 patients across 8 clinical studies were included in our analysis. IDH inhibitors appear to have the best safety profile, with an overall grade 3/grade 4 adverse event rate of 9%. Response rates to IDH-mutant inhibitors were highest in nonenhancing gliomas (stable disease achieved in 55% of patients). In contrast, histone deacetylase inhibitors demonstrate a lower safety profile with single-study adverse events as high as 28%. CONCLUSION IDH inhibitors appear promising given their benign toxicity profile and ease of monitoring. Histone deacetylase inhibitors appear to have a narrow therapeutic index, as lower concentrations do not appear effective, while increased doses can produce severe immunosuppressive effects. Preliminary data suggest that epigenetic therapies are generally well tolerated and may control disease in certain patient groups, such as those with nonenhancing lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Govindarajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Long Di
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah Rivas
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert K Suter
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel G Eichberg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evan Luther
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victor Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis A Morell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nagi Ayad
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Macarena De La Fuente
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has become an effective therapeutic strategy for treating various diseases, especially cancer. Over almost three decades, although great efforts have been made to discover CDK inhibitors, many of which have entered clinical trials, only four CDK inhibitors have been approved. In the process of CDK inhibitor development, many difficulties and misunderstandings have hampered their discovery and clinical applications, which mainly include inadequate understanding of the biological functions of CDKs, less attention paid to pan- and multi-CDK inhibitors, nonideal isoform selectivity of developed selective CDK inhibitors, overlooking the metabolic stability of early discovered CDK inhibitors, no effective resistance solutions, and a lack of available combination therapy and effective biomarkers for CDK therapies. After reviewing the mechanisms of CDKs and the research progress of CDK inhibitors, this perspective summarizes and discusses these difficulties or lessons, hoping to facilitate the successful discovery of more useful CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Shuzeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology─Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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Gupta N, Huang TT, Horibata S, Lee JM. Cell Cycle Checkpoints and Beyond: Exploiting the ATR/CHK1/WEE1 Pathway for the Treatment of PARP Inhibitor–Resistant Cancer. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106162. [PMID: 35259479 PMCID: PMC9026671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have become a mainstay of therapy in ovarian cancer and other malignancies, including BRCA-mutant breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. However, a growing number of patients develop resistance to PARPis, highlighting the need to further understand the mechanisms of PARPi resistance and develop effective treatment strategies. Targeting cell cycle checkpoint protein kinases, e.g., ATR, CHK1, and WEE1, which are upregulated in response to replication stress, represents one such therapeutic approach for PARPi-resistant cancers. Mechanistically, activated cell cycle checkpoints promote cell cycle arrest, replication fork stabilization, and DNA repair, demonstrating the interplay of DNA repair proteins with replication stress in the development of PARPi resistance. Inhibitors of these cell cycle checkpoints are under investigation in PARPi-resistant ovarian and other cancers. In this review, we discuss the cell cycle checkpoints and their roles beyond mere cell cycle regulation as part of the arsenal to overcome PARPi-resistant cancers. We also address the current status and recent advancements as well as limitations of cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Principe DR. Precision Medicine for BRCA/PALB2-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer and Emerging Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Responses to PARP Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040897. [PMID: 35205643 PMCID: PMC8869830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the small subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with loss-of-function mutations to BRCA1/2 or PALB2, both first-line and maintenance therapy differs significantly. These mutations confer a loss of double-strand break DNA homologous recombination (HR), substantially altering drug sensitivities. In this review, we discuss the current treatment guidelines for PDAC tumors deficient in HR, as well as newly emerging strategies to improve drug responses in this population. We also highlight additional patient populations in which these strategies may also be effective, and novel strategies aiming to confer similar drug sensitivity to tumors proficient in HR repair. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. As patients typically present with advanced disease and show poor responses to broad-spectrum chemotherapy, overall survival remains a dismal 10%. This underscores an urgent clinical need to identify new therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients. Precision medicine is now the standard of care for several difficult-to-treat cancer histologies. Such approaches involve the identification of a clinically actionable molecular feature, which is matched to an appropriate targeted therapy. Selective poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such as Niraparib, Olaparib, Talazoparib, Rucaparib, and Veliparib are now approved for several cancers with loss of high-fidelity double-strand break homologous recombination (HR), namely those with deleterious mutations to BRCA1/2, PALB2, and other functionally related genes. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of such mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common and lethal pancreatic cancer histotype, significantly alters drug responses both with respect to first-line chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. In this review, we discuss the current treatment paradigm for PDAC tumors with confirmed deficits in double-strand break HR, as well as emerging strategies to both improve responses to PARP inhibition in HR-deficient PDAC and confer sensitivity to tumors proficient in HR repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Aguilar-Morante D, Gómez-Cabello D, Quek H, Liu T, Hamerlik P, Lim YC. Therapeutic Opportunities of Disrupting Genome Integrity in Adult Diffuse Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020332. [PMID: 35203541 PMCID: PMC8869545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult diffuse glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a devastating tumor of the central nervous system. The existential threat of this disease requires on-going treatment to counteract tumor progression. The present outcome is discouraging as most patients will succumb to this disease. The low cure rate is consistent with the failure of first-line therapy, radiation and temozolomide (TMZ). Even with their therapeutic mechanism of action to incur lethal DNA lesions, tumor growth remains undeterred. Delivering additional treatments only delays the inescapable development of therapeutic tolerance and disease recurrence. The urgency of establishing lifelong tumor control needs to be re-examined with a greater focus on eliminating resistance. Early genomic and transcriptome studies suggest each tumor subtype possesses a unique molecular network to safeguard genome integrity. Subsequent seminal work on post-therapy tumor progression sheds light on the involvement of DNA repair as the causative contributor for hypermutation and therapeutic failure. In this review, we will provide an overview of known molecular factors that influence the engagement of different DNA repair pathways, including targetable vulnerabilities, which can be exploited for clinical benefit with the use of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Aguilar-Morante
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (D.A.-M.); (D.G.-C.)
| | - Hazel Quek
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | | | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society, 2100 København, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-257-413
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Vlatkovic T, Veldwijk MR, Giordano FA, Herskind C. Targeting Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinases to Overcome Intrinsic Radioresistance in Brain Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030701. [PMID: 35158967 PMCID: PMC8833533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms maintain genomic integrity, the inhibition of enzymes involved in these control mechanisms may increase the sensitivity of the cells to DNA damaging treatments. In this review, we summarize the knowledge in the field of brain tumor treatment with radiation therapy and cell cycle checkpoint inhibition via targeting ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2, and WEE1 kinases. Abstract Radiation therapy is an important part of the standard of care treatment of brain tumors. However, the efficacy of radiation therapy is limited by the radioresistance of tumor cells, a phenomenon held responsible for the dismal prognosis of the most aggressive brain tumor types. A promising approach to radiosensitization of tumors is the inhibition of cell cycle checkpoint control responsible for cell cycle progression and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Inhibition of the kinases involved in these control mechanisms can abolish cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair and thus increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapy. Here, we discuss preclinical progress in molecular targeting of ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2, and WEE1, checkpoint kinases in the treatment of brain tumors, and review current clinical phase I-II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Vlatkovic
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.V.); (M.R.V.)
| | - Marlon R. Veldwijk
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.V.); (M.R.V.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology Lab, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (T.V.); (M.R.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-383-3773
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Huang C, Du R, Jia X, Liu K, Qiao Y, Wu Q, Yao N, Yang L, Zhou L, Liu X, Xiang P, Xin M, Wang Y, Chen X, Kim DJ, Dong Z, Li X. CDK15 promotes colorectal cancer progression via phosphorylating PAK4 and regulating β-catenin/ MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:14-27. [PMID: 34262144 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, there are few effective therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Here, we found that CDK15 was highly expressed in human CRC and negatively correlated with patient prognosis and overall survival in tissue microarray. Knockdown of CDK15 suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of CRC cells and inhibited tumor growth in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model. Importantly, knockout of CDK15 in mice retarded AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis and CDK15 silencing by lentivirus significantly suppressed tumor progression in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Mechanistically, CDK15 could bind PAK4 and phosphorylate PAK4 at S291 site. Phosphorylation of PAK4 at the S291 residue promoted cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth through β-catenin/c-Myc, MEK/ERK signaling pathway in CRC. Moreover, inhibition of PAK4 reversed the tumorigenic function of CDK15 in CRC cells and pharmacological targeting PAK4 suppressed tumor growth in PDX models. Thus, our data reveal the pivotal role of CDK15 in CRC progression and demonstrate CDK15 promotes CRC tumorigenesis by phosphorylating PAK4. Hence, the CDK15-PAK4 axis may serve as a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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Cheng Y, Zheng L, Wang H, Yang C, Zhang W. Propofol inhibits proliferation and migration of glioma cells by up-regulating lncRNA GAS5. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rominiyi O, Collis SJ. DDRugging glioblastoma: understanding and targeting the DNA damage response to improve future therapies. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:11-41. [PMID: 34036721 PMCID: PMC8732357 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequently diagnosed type of primary brain tumour in adults. These aggressive tumours are characterised by inherent treatment resistance and disease progression, contributing to ~ 190 000 brain tumour-related deaths globally each year. Current therapeutic interventions consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, but average survival is typically around 1 year, with < 10% of patients surviving more than 5 years. Recently, a fourth treatment modality of intermediate-frequency low-intensity electric fields [called tumour-treating fields (TTFields)] was clinically approved for glioblastoma in some countries after it was found to increase median overall survival rates by ~ 5 months in a phase III randomised clinical trial. However, beyond these treatments, attempts to establish more effective therapies have yielded little improvement in survival for patients over the last 50 years. This is in contrast to many other types of cancer and highlights glioblastoma as a recognised tumour of unmet clinical need. Previous work has revealed that glioblastomas contain stem cell-like subpopulations that exhibit heightened expression of DNA damage response (DDR) factors, contributing to therapy resistance and disease relapse. Given that radiotherapy, chemotherapy and TTFields-based therapies all impact DDR mechanisms, this Review will focus on our current knowledge of the role of the DDR in glioblastoma biology and treatment. We also discuss the potential of effective multimodal targeting of the DDR combined with standard-of-care therapies, as well as emerging therapeutic targets, in providing much-needed improvements in survival rates for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Rominiyi
- Weston Park Cancer CentreSheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of Sheffield Medical SchoolUK
- Department of NeurosurgeryRoyal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUK
| | - Spencer J. Collis
- Weston Park Cancer CentreSheffieldUK
- Department of Oncology & MetabolismThe University of Sheffield Medical SchoolUK
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA)University of SheffieldUK
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Zhang M, Ma SC, Tan JL, Wang J, Bai X, Dong ZY, Zhang QX. Inferring Homologous Recombination Deficiency of Ovarian Cancer From the Landscape of Copy Number Variation at Subchromosomal and Genetic Resolutions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772604. [PMID: 34976815 PMCID: PMC8716765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHomologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is characterized by overall genomic instability and has emerged as an indispensable therapeutic target across various tumor types, particularly in ovarian cancer (OV). Unfortunately, current detection assays are far from perfect for identifying every HRD patient. The purpose of this study was to infer HRD from the landscape of copy number variation (CNV).MethodsGenome-wide CNV landscape was measured in OV patients from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS) clinical cohort and >10,000 patients across 33 tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). HRD-predictive CNVs at subchromosomal resolution were identified through exploratory analysis depicting the CNV landscape of HRD versus non-HRD OV patients and independently validated using TCGA and AOCS cohorts. Gene-level CNVs were further analyzed to explore their potential predictive significance for HRD across tumor types at genetic resolution.ResultsAt subchromosomal resolution, 8q24.2 amplification and 5q13.2 deletion were predominantly witnessed in HRD patients (both p < 0.0001), whereas 19q12 amplification occurred mainly in non-HRD patients (p < 0.0001), compared with their corresponding counterparts within TCGA-OV. The predictive significance of 8q24.2 amplification (p < 0.0001), 5q13.2 deletion (p = 0.0056), and 19q12 amplification (p = 0.0034) was externally validated within AOCS. Remarkably, pan-cancer analysis confirmed a cross-tumor predictive role of 8q24.2 amplification for HRD (p < 0.0001). Further analysis of CNV in 8q24.2 at genetic resolution revealed that amplifications of the oncogenes, MYC (p = 0.0001) and NDRG1 (p = 0.0004), located on this fragment were also associated with HRD in a pan-cancer manner.ConclusionsThe CNV landscape serves as a generalized predictor of HRD in cancer patients not limited to OV. The detection of CNV at subchromosomal or genetic resolution could aid in the personalized treatment of HRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Cong Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Information Management and Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Le Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing-Xue Zhang, ; Zhong-Yi Dong,
| | - Qing-Xue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing-Xue Zhang, ; Zhong-Yi Dong,
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Li W, Li J, Yang Y. Recognition of the Possible miRNA-mRNA Controlling Network in Stroke by Bioinformatics Examination. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:6745282. [PMID: 34938355 PMCID: PMC8687781 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6745282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the latest research of WHO, it has been revealed that more than 15 million people suffer from stroke every year worldwide. Of these 15 million people, 6 million succumb to death, and 5 million get permanently disabled. This is the prime reason for the substantial economic burden on all parts of the world. METHODS These data have been obtained from the GEO database, and the GEO2R tool was used to find out the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between the stroke and normal patients' blood. FunRich and miRNet were considered to find potential upstream transcription factors and downstream target genes of candidate EMRs. Next, we use GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment. Target genes were analyzed with the help of the R software. Then, the STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to conduct PPI and DEM-hub gene networks. Finally, GSE58294 was used to estimate the hub gene expressions. RESULTS Six DEMs in total were selected out from GSE95204 and GSE117064 datasets. 663 DEMs' target genes were predicted, and NRF1, EGR1, MYC, YY1, E2F1, SP4, and SP1 were predicted as an upstream transcription factor for DEMs' target genes. Target genes of DEMs were primarily augmented in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and p53 signaling pathway. The network construction of DEM hygiene is potentially modulated by hsa-miR-3591-5p, hsa-miR-548as-3p, hsa-miR-206, and hsa-miR-4503 hub genes which were found among the top 10 of the hub genes. Among the top 10 hub genes, justification of CTNNB1, PTEN, ESR1, CCND1, KRAS, AKT1, CCND2, CDKN1B, and MYCN was constant with that in the GSE58294 dataset. CONCLUSION In summary, our research first constructs the miRNA-mRNA network in stroke, which probably renders an awakening purview into the pathogenesis and cure of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Emergency Department of Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi City, Liaoning Province 117000, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Thyroid Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110801, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Emergency Department of Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi City, Liaoning Province 117000, China
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Folk WP, Kumari A, Iwasaki T, Cassimere EK, Pyndiah S, Martin E, Homlar K, Sakamuro D. New Synthetic Lethality Re-Sensitizing Platinum-Refractory Cancer Cells to Cisplatin In Vitro: The Rationale to Co-Use PARP and ATM Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413324. [PMID: 34948122 PMCID: PMC8704450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor BIN1 inhibits the activities of the neoplastic transcription factor MYC, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), and ATM Ser/Thr kinase (ATM) by separate mechanisms. Although BIN1 deficits increase cancer-cell resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin, it is not fully understood when BIN1 deficiency occurs and how it provokes cisplatin resistance. Here, we report that the coordinated actions of MYC, PARP1, and ATM assist cancer cells in acquiring cisplatin resistance by BIN1 deficits. Forced BIN1 depletion compromised cisplatin sensitivity irrespective of Ser15-phosphorylated, pro-apoptotic TP53 tumor suppressor. The BIN1 deficit facilitated ATM to phosphorylate the DNA-damage-response (DDR) effectors, including MDC1. Consequently, another DDR protein, RNF8, bound to ATM-phosphorylated MDC1 and protected MDC1 from caspase-3-dependent proteolytic cleavage to hinder cisplatin sensitivity. Of note, long-term and repeated exposure to cisplatin naturally recapitulated the BIN1 loss and accompanying RNF8-dependent cisplatin resistance. Simultaneously, endogenous MYC was remarkably activated by PARP1, thereby repressing the BIN1 promoter, whereas PARP inhibition abolished the hyperactivated MYC-dependent BIN1 suppression and restored cisplatin sensitivity. Since the BIN1 gene rarely mutates in human cancers, our results suggest that simultaneous inhibition of PARP1 and ATM provokes a new BRCAness-independent synthetic lethal effect and ultimately re-establishes cisplatin sensitivity even in platinum-refractory cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watson P. Folk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.P.F.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Alpana Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.P.F.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.P.F.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.M.); (K.H.)
- Division of Signal Pathways, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657, Japan
| | - Erica K. Cassimere
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
| | | | - Elizabeth Martin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.M.); (K.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kelly Homlar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.M.); (K.H.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.P.F.); (A.K.); (T.I.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.M.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-(721)-1018
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Rizvi A, Merlin MA, Shah GM. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in cancer: Potential impact in cancer stem cells and therapeutic implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174546. [PMID: 34600907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are used in mono- or combination therapies for several malignancies. They are also used as maintenance therapy for some cancers after initial treatment. While the focus of this therapeutic approach is on the effect of PARP inhibition on the bulk tumour cells, in this review, we discuss their effect on the cancer stem cells. We identify key mediators and pathways in cancer stem cells whose response to PARP inhibition is not necessarily the same as the rest of the tumour cells. Since the cancer stem cells are known drivers of growth of tumours and their resistance to therapy, the clinical outcome might be drastically different than what is expected, if the effect of PARP inhibition on the cancer stem cells is not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marine A Merlin
- CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Girish M Shah
- CHU de Québec Université Laval Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Cancer Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Hsu WJ, Chen CH, Chang YC, Cheng CH, TsaI YH, Lin CW. PRMT1 Confers Resistance to Olaparib via Modulating MYC Signaling in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1009. [PMID: 34683150 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an unmet clinical need owing to its lack of an efficient therapeutic target. The targeting of DNA repair by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors has shown benefit for patients with the BRCA variation. However, sensitivities to the PARP inhibitors were reported regardless of BRCA status. Thus, exploring the underlying mechanisms is imperative. Herein, we identified that breast cancer cells with an elevated expression of protein arginine methyl transferase 1 (PRMT1) was associated with therapeutic sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib. The results of cell viability and colony formation assays indicated that the suppression of PRMT1 by small hairpin RNA or by the chemical inhibitor increased sensitivity to olaparib in human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that PRMT1 expression was significantly associated with the MYC signature, and TNBC cells with higher PRMT1 and the MYC signature were associated with therapeutic sensitivity to olaparib. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that knockdown of PRMT1 reduced the c-Myc protein level and downregulated the expression of MYC downstream targets, whereas overexpression of PRMT1 enhanced c-Myc protein expression. Moreover, the overexpression of PRMT1 promoted c-Myc protein stability, and the inhibition of PRMT1 downregulated c-Myc protein stability. Accordingly, the knockdown of PRMT1 inhibited homologous recombination gene expression. These data indicate that PRMT1 is instrumental in regulating DNA repair, at least in part, by modulating c-Myc signaling. Our data highlighted the PRMT1/c-Myc network as a potential therapeutic target in patients with TNBC.
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Lozinski M, Bowden NA, Graves MC, Fay M, Tooney PA. DNA damage repair in glioblastoma: current perspectives on its role in tumour progression, treatment resistance and PIKKing potential therapeutic targets. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:961-981. [PMID: 34057732 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggressive, invasive and treatment resistant nature of glioblastoma makes it one of the most lethal cancers in humans. Total surgical resection is difficult, and a combination of radiation and chemotherapy is used to treat the remaining invasive cells beyond the tumour border by inducing DNA damage and activating cell death pathways in glioblastoma cells. Unfortunately, recurrence is common and a major hurdle in treatment, often met with a more aggressive and treatment resistant tumour. A mechanism of resistance is the response of DNA repair pathways upon treatment-induced DNA damage, which enact cell-cycle arrest and repair of DNA damage that would otherwise cause cell death in tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we discuss the significance of DNA repair mechanisms in tumour formation, aggression and treatment resistance. We identify an underlying trend in the literature, wherein alterations in DNA repair pathways facilitate glioma progression, while established high-grade gliomas benefit from constitutively active DNA repair pathways in the repair of treatment-induced DNA damage. We also consider the clinical feasibility of inhibiting DNA repair in glioblastoma and current strategies of using DNA repair inhibitors as agents in combination with chemotherapy, radiation or immunotherapy. Finally, the importance of blood-brain barrier penetrance when designing novel small-molecule inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lozinski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira C Graves
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fay
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Genesis Cancer Care, Gateshead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Zhou L, Xiang J, He Y. Research progress on the association between environmental pollutants and the resistance mechanism of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:49491-49506. [PMID: 34370190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of ovarian cancer are closely related to genetics and environmental pollutants. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been a major breakthrough in the history of ovarian cancer treatment. PARP is an enzyme responsible for post-translational modification of proteins and repair of single-stranded DNA damage. PARP inhibitors can selectively inhibit PARP function, resulting in a synthetic lethal effect on tumor cells defective in homologous recombination repair. However, with large-scale application, drug resistance also inevitably appears. For PARP inhibitors, the diversity and complexity of drug resistance mechanisms have always been difficult problems in clinical treatment. Herein, we mainly summarized the research progress of DNA damage repair and drug resistance mechanisms related to PARP inhibitors and the impact of environmental pollutants on DNA damage repair to aid the development prospects and highlight urgent problems to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyan He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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Xavier MA, Rezende F, Titze-de-Almeida R, Cornelissen B. BRCAness as a Biomarker of Susceptibility to PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1188. [PMID: 34439854 PMCID: PMC8394995 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. GBMs commonly acquire resistance to standard-of-care therapies. Among the novel means to sensitize GBM to DNA-damaging therapies, a promising strategy is to combine them with inhibitors of the DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery, such as inhibitors for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have already shown efficacy and have received regulatory approval for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer treatment. In these cancer types, after PARPi administration, patients carrying specific mutations in the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) suppressor genes have shown better response when compared to wild-type carriers. Mutated BRCA genes are infrequent in GBM tumors, but their cells can carry other genetic alterations that lead to the same phenotype collectively referred to as 'BRCAness'. The most promising biomarkers of BRCAness in GBM are related to isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), MYC proto-oncogene, and estrogen receptors beta (ERβ). BRCAness status identified by accurate biomarkers can ultimately predict responsiveness to PARPi therapy, thereby allowing patient selection for personalized treatment. This review discusses potential biomarkers of BRCAness for a 'precision medicine' of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ann Xavier
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Brasília—UnB/FAV, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.T.-d.-A.)
| | - Fernando Rezende
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Brasília—UnB/FAV, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.T.-d.-A.)
| | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory, University of Brasília—UnB/FAV, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (F.R.); (R.T.-d.-A.)
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Oncology, Radiobiology Research Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lang F, Liu Y, Chou FJ, Yang C. Genotoxic therapy and resistance mechanism in gliomas. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107922. [PMID: 34171339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with glioma. The existence of resistance to genotoxic therapy, as well as the nature of tumor heterogeneity greatly limits the efficacy of glioma therapy. DNA damage repair pathways play essential roles in many aspects of glioma biology such as cancer progression, therapy resistance, and tumor relapse. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the cytotoxic DNA lesion generated by temozolomide (TMZ), considered as the main mechanism of drug resistance. In addition, mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination DNA repair also play pivotal roles in treatment resistance as well. Furthermore, cellular mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells, evasion from apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, also contribute to TMZ resistance in gliomas. Investigations over the past two decades have revealed comprehensive mechanisms of glioma therapy resistance, which has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Lang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ranjan A, Pang Y, Butler M, Merchant M, Kim O, Yu G, Su YT, Gilbert MR, Levens D, Wu J. Targeting CDK9 for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3039. [PMID: 34207158 PMCID: PMC8234280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, and more than two-thirds of patients with glioblastoma die within two years of diagnosis. The challenges of treating this disease mainly include genetic and microenvironmental features that often render the tumor resistant to treatments. Despite extensive research efforts, only a small number of drugs tested in clinical trials have become therapies for patients. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is an emerging therapeutic approach that has the potential to overcome the challenges in glioblastoma management. Here, we discuss how CDK9 inhibition can impact transcription, metabolism, DNA damage repair, epigenetics, and the immune response to facilitate an anti-tumor response. Moreover, we discuss small-molecule inhibitors of CDK9 in clinical trials and future perspectives on the use of CDK9 inhibitors in treating patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ranjan
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Ying Pang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Madison Butler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Mythili Merchant
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Olga Kim
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Guangyang Yu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
| | - David Levens
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.R.); (Y.P.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (G.Y.); (Y.-T.S.); (M.R.G.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses current and investigative strategies for targeting DNA repair in the management of glioma. RECENT FINDINGS Recent strategies in glioma treatment rely on the production of overwhelming DNA damage and inhibition of repair mechanisms, resulting in lethal cytotoxicity. Many strategies are effective in preclinical glioma models while clinical feasibility remains under investigation. The presence of glioma biomarkers, including IDH mutation and/or MGMT promoter methylation, may confer particular susceptibility to DNA damage and inhibition of repair. These biomarkers have been adopted as eligibility criteria in the design of multiple ongoing clinical trials. Targeting DNA repair mechanisms with novel agents or therapeutic combinations is a promising approach to the treatment of glioma. Further investigations are underway to optimize this approach in the clinical setting.
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Nam AR, Yoon J, Jin MH, Bang JH, Oh KS, Seo HR, Kim JM, Kim TY, Oh DY. ATR inhibition amplifies antitumor effects of olaparib in biliary tract cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 516:38-47. [PMID: 34082024 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Olaparib, a potent PARP inhibitor, has been shown to have great anti-tumor effects in some tumor types. Although biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a good candidate for DNA damage response (DDR)-targeted agents, targeted DDR inhibitors, including olaparib, are currently rarely evaluated in BTC. In our project, a total of ten BTC cell lines were used to assess the efficacy of olaparib. Olaparib alone showed moderate anti-proliferative effects in BTC cells and increased p-ATR and PD-L1 expression levels. In combination with an ATR inhibitor (AZD6738, ceralasertib) showed synergistic anti-proliferative effects and increased DNA strand breaks in vitro. PD-L1 induced by olaparib was also downregulated by ceralasertib through p-STAT-3 and YAP reduction with or without human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In SNU478-xenograft models, the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth. PD-L1 and YAP were strongly downregulated, similar to in vitro conditions, and expression of CXCR2 and CXCR4 was further reduced. In the current ongoing clinical trial (NCT04298021), BTC patients treated with olaparib and ceralasertib combination have shown tumor response. In conclusion, co-targeting of PARP and ATR might be a potential therapeutic approach for patients with BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Rong Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeesun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Seo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tang D, Huang T, Tian Q, Wang J. MYC/NBS1-Mediated DNA Damage Response is Involved in the Inhibitory Effect of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A on Glioma Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1749-1763. [PMID: 33953544 PMCID: PMC8089107 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The role of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A (HSYA) in glioma is less studied, this research determined the effect of HSYA on glioma cells. Methods The expressions of MYC and NBS1 in glioma tissues were detected by bioinformatics analysis and verified by RT-qPCR. The target relationship between MYC and NBS1 was predicted by bioinformatics. After treating the cells with HSYA, silenced MYC, or overexpressed NBS1, the viability, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and DNA damage of the glioma cells were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and γH2AX immunofluorescence assays, respectively. IC50 of HSYA in glioma cells was analyzed by Probit regression analysis. The expressions of MYC, NBS1, factors related to migration, invasion, apoptosis, and DNA damage of the glioma cells were determined by Western blot or RT-qPCR. Results MYC and NBS1 were high-expressed in glioma, and NBS1 was targeted by MYC. HSYA and siRNA targeting MYC inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration, and induced the cell apoptosis of glioma cells. HSYA upregulated the expressions of MYC, γH2AX, E-Cadherin, Bax, and Cleaved-PARP1, stimulated the activation of NBS1, MRE11, RAD50, and ATM, and downregulated the expressions of N-Cadherin and Bcl2 in glioma cells. SiMYC decreased the IC50 of HSYA in the glioma cells, enhanced the sensitivity of glioma cells to HSYA, and inhibited the activation of NBS1 and ATM. NBS1 overexpression reversed the effect of siRNA targeting MYC on glioma cells. Conclusion MYC silencing inhibited the DNA damage response via regulation of NBS1, leading to DNA repair deficiency, and subsequently enhanced the sensitivity of glioma cells to HSYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an City, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an City, People's Republic of China
| | - Julei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an City, People's Republic of China
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He Y, Li J, Koga T, Ma J, Dhawan S, Suzuki Y, Furnari F, Prabhu VV, Allen JE, Chen CC. Epidermal growth factor receptor as a molecular determinant of glioblastoma response to dopamine receptor D2 inhibitors. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:400-411. [PMID: 32830856 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are ongoing clinical trials exploring the efficacy of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) inhibition against glioblastomas, the most common primary brain tumor. Here we examine potential molecular determinants of this efficacy. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma database and other published mRNA profiles were used to analyze the DRD2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression pattern. In vitro and in vivo responses to DRD2 inhibitors were determined using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) glioblastoma models. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on clinically annotated glioblastoma samples derived from patients treated with ONC201. RESULTS Analysis of clinical glioblastoma specimens derived from independent patient cohorts revealed an inverse correlation between EGFR and DRD2 mRNA expression, with implication that signaling mediated by these proteins shares overlapping functions. In independent panels of PDX glioblastoma lines, high EGFR expression was associated with poor in vitro and in vivo response to DRD2 inhibitors, including haloperidol and ONC201. Moreover, ectopic expression of a constitutively active EGFR, variant (v)III, suppressed glioblastoma sensitivity to ONC201. DRD2 expression positively correlated with expression of rate-limiting enzymes for dopamine synthesis as well as dopamine secretion, suggesting contribution of autocrine DRD2 signaling. Analysis of specimens from patients treated with ONC201 (n = 15) showed an inverse correlation between the intensity of EGFR staining and clinical response. The median overall survival for patients with high and low EGFR staining was 162 and 373 days, respectively (0.037). CONCLUSIONS High EGFR expression is a determinant of poor glioblastoma response to DRD2. This finding should inform future clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanjay Dhawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhu J. In silico screening using bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data identifies RIMS2 as a prognostic marker in basal-like breast cancer: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25414. [PMID: 33879671 PMCID: PMC8078249 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq has become a powerful tool to understand tumor cell heterogenicity. This study tried to screen prognosis-related genes in basal-like breast tumors and evaluate their correlations with cellular states at the single-cell level.Bulk RNA-seq data of basal-like tumor cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) and single-cell RNA-seq from GSE75688 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, univariate and multivariate analysis based on Cox regression model were conducted for survival analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-cell cellular functional state analysis were performed.Twenty thousand five hundred thirty genes with bulk RNA-seq data in TCGA were subjected to screening. Preliminary screening identified 10 candidate progression-related genes, including CDH19, AQP5, SDR16C5, NCAN, TTYH1, XAGE2, RIMS2, GZMB, LY6D, and FAM3B. By checking their profiles using single-cell RNA-seq data, only CDH19, SDR16C5, TTYH1, and RIMS2 had expression in primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Prognostic analysis only confirmed that RIMS2 expression was an independent prognostic indicator of favorable progression free survival (PFS) (HR: 0.78, 95%: 0.64-0.95, P = .015). GSEA analysis showed that low RIMS2 group expression had genes significantly enriched in DNA Repair, and MYC Targets V2. Among the 89 basal-like cells, RIMS2 expression was negatively correlated with DNA repair and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).RIMS2 expression was negatively associated with DNA repair capability of basal-like breast tumor cells and might serve as an independent indicator of favorable PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network
| | - Zheng Liu
- Nursing Department, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network
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