1
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Mizuguchi M, Obita T, Yamada S, Nabeshima Y. Trypsin-induced aggregation of transthyretin Valine 30 variants associated with hereditary amyloidosis. FEBS J 2024; 291:1732-1743. [PMID: 38273457 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils of transthyretin (TTR) consist of full-length TTR and C-terminal fragments starting near residue 50. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the production of the C-terminal fragment remains unclear. Here, we investigated trypsin-induced aggregation and urea-induced unfolding of TTR variants associated with hereditary amyloidosis. Trypsin strongly induced aggregation of variants V30G and V30A, in each of which Val30 in the hydrophobic core of the monomer was mutated to less-bulky amino acids. Variants V30L and V30M, in each of which Val30 was mutated to bulky amino acids, also exhibited trypsin-induced aggregation. On the other hand, pathogenic variant I68L as well as the nonpathogenic V30I did not exhibit trypsin-induced aggregation. The V30G variant was extremely unstable compared with the other variants. The V30G mutation caused the formation of a cavity and the rearrangement of Leu55 in the hydrophobic core of the monomer. These results suggest that highly destabilized transthyretin variants are more susceptible to trypsin digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takayuki Obita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
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2
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Sahtoe DD, Andrzejewska EA, Han HL, Rennella E, Schneider MM, Meisl G, Ahlrichs M, Decarreau J, Nguyen H, Kang A, Levine P, Lamb M, Li X, Bera AK, Kay LE, Knowles TPJ, Baker D. Design of amyloidogenic peptide traps. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01578-5. [PMID: 38503834 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Segments of proteins with high β-strand propensity can self-associate to form amyloid fibrils implicated in many diseases. We describe a general approach to bind such segments in β-strand and β-hairpin conformations using de novo designed scaffolds that contain deep peptide-binding clefts. The designs bind their cognate peptides in vitro with nanomolar affinities. The crystal structure of a designed protein-peptide complex is close to the design model, and NMR characterization reveals how the peptide-binding cleft is protected in the apo state. We use the approach to design binders to the amyloid-forming proteins transthyretin, tau, serum amyloid A1 and amyloid β1-42 (Aβ42). The Aβ binders block the assembly of Aβ fibrils as effectively as the most potent of the clinically tested antibodies to date and protect cells from toxic Aβ42 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny D Sahtoe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- HHMI, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ewa A Andrzejewska
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah L Han
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Enrico Rennella
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Georg Meisl
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Decarreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Levine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mila Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xinting Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Asim K Bera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lewis E Kay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- HHMI, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Nguyen BA, Singh V, Afrin S, Singh P, Pekala M, Ahmed Y, Pedretti R, Canepa J, Lemoff A, Kluve-Beckerman B, Wydorski P, Chhapra F, Saelices L. Cryo-EM confirms a common fibril fold in the heart of four patients with ATTRwt amyloidosis. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.08.582936. [PMID: 38496656 PMCID: PMC10942412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.582936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ATTR amyloidosis results from the conversion of transthyretin into amyloid fibrils that deposit in tissues causing organ failure and death. This conversion is facilitated by mutations in ATTRv amyloidosis, or aging in ATTRwt amyloidosis. ATTRv amyloidosis exhibits extreme phenotypic variability, whereas ATTRwt amyloidosis presentation is consistent and predictable. Previously, we found an unprecedented structural variability in cardiac amyloid fibrils from polyneuropathic ATTRv-I84S patients. In contrast, cardiac fibrils from five genotypically-different patients with cardiomyopathy or mixed phenotypes are structurally homogeneous. To understand fibril structure's impact on phenotype, it is necessary to study the fibrils from multiple patients sharing genotype and phenotype. Here we show the cryo-electron microscopy structures of fibrils extracted from four cardiomyopathic ATTRwt amyloidosis patients. Our study confirms that they share identical conformations with minimal structural variability, consistent with their homogenous clinical presentation. Our study contributes to the understanding of ATTR amyloidosis biopathology and calls for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maja Pekala
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yasmin Ahmed
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Canepa
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Kluve-Beckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pawel Wydorski
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Farzeen Chhapra
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
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4
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Nguyen BA, Singh V, Afrin S, Yakubovska A, Wang L, Ahmed Y, Pedretti R, Fernandez-Ramirez MDC, Singh P, Pękała M, Cabrera Hernandez LO, Kumar S, Lemoff A, Gonzalez-Prieto R, Sawaya MR, Eisenberg DS, Benson MD, Saelices L. Structural polymorphism of amyloid fibrils in ATTR amyloidosis revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:581. [PMID: 38233397 PMCID: PMC10794703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ATTR amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of transthyretin in the form of amyloid fibrils in virtually every organ of the body, including the heart. This systemic deposition leads to a phenotypic variability that has not been molecularly explained yet. In brain amyloid conditions, previous studies suggest an association between clinical phenotype and the molecular structures of their amyloid fibrils. Here we investigate whether there is such an association in ATTRv amyloidosis patients carrying the mutation I84S. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of cardiac fibrils extracted from three ATTR amyloidosis patients carrying the ATTRv-I84S mutation, associated with a consistent clinical phenotype. We found that in each ATTRv-I84S patient, the cardiac fibrils exhibited different local conformations, and these variations can co-exist within the same fibril. Our finding suggests that one amyloid disease may associate with multiple fibril structures in systemic amyloidoses, calling for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna Yakubovska
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lanie Wang
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yasmin Ahmed
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maria Del Carmen Fernandez-Ramirez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maja Pękała
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luis O Cabrera Hernandez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Siddharth Kumar
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roman Gonzalez-Prieto
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad-Pablo de Olavide, Departmento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merrill Douglas Benson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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5
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Steinebrei M, Baur J, Pradhan A, Kupfer N, Wiese S, Hegenbart U, Schönland SO, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Common transthyretin-derived amyloid fibril structures in patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7623. [PMID: 37993462 PMCID: PMC10665346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic ATTR amyloidosis is an increasingly important protein misfolding disease that is provoked by the formation of amyloid fibrils from transthyretin protein. The pathological and clinical disease manifestations and the number of pathogenic mutational changes in transthyretin are highly diverse, raising the question whether the different mutations may lead to different fibril morphologies. Using cryo-electron microscopy, however, we show here that the fibril structure is remarkably similar in patients that are affected by different mutations. Our data suggest that the circumstances under which these fibrils are formed and deposited inside the body - and not only the fibril morphology - are crucial for defining the phenotypic variability in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Steinebrei
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, D-89081, Germany.
| | - Julian Baur
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Anaviggha Pradhan
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Niklas Kupfer
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Ute Hegenbart
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schönland
- Medical Department V, Amyloidosis Center, Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
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6
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Sun X, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. Role of conformational dynamics in pathogenic protein aggregation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 73:102280. [PMID: 36878172 PMCID: PMC10033434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pathogenic protein oligomers and aggregates is associated with several devastating amyloid diseases. As protein aggregation is a multi-step nucleation-dependent process beginning with unfolding or misfolding of the native state, it is important to understand how innate protein dynamics influence aggregation propensity. Kinetic intermediates composed of heterogeneous ensembles of oligomers are frequently formed on the aggregation pathway. Characterization of the structure and dynamics of these intermediates is critical to the understanding of amyloid diseases since oligomers appear to be the main cytotoxic agents. In this review, we highlight recent biophysical studies of the roles of protein dynamics in driving pathogenic protein aggregation, yielding new mechanistic insights that can be leveraged for design of aggregation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - H Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter E Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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7
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Kumar S, Bhardwaj VK, Singh R, Purohit R. Structure restoration and aggregate inhibition of V30M mutant transthyretin protein by potential quinoline molecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123318. [PMID: 36681222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein found in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that functions as a transporter of thyroxine (T4) and retinol. A mutation resulting in the substitution of valine to methionine at position 30 (V30M) is the most common mutation that destabilizes the tetramer structure of TTR protein resulting in a fatal neuropathy known as TTR amyloidosis. The V30M TTR-induced neuropathy can be inhibited through stabilization of the TTR tetramer by the binding of small molecules. We accessed the potential of in-house synthesized quinoline molecules to stabilize the V30M TTR structure and analyzed the impact of protein-ligand interactions through molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, steered MD, and umbrella sampling simulations. This study revealed that the binding of quinoline molecules reverted back the structural changes including the residual flexibility, changes in secondary structural elements, and also restored the alterations in the electrostatic surface potential induced by the V30M mutation. Further, the top-most 4G and 4R molecules were compared with an FDA-approved drug (Tafamidis) and a reference quinoline molecule 14C. Here, we intend to suggest that the quinoline molecules could revert the structural changes, cease tetramer dissociation, prevent abnormal oligomerization and therefore could be developed as an effective therapeutics against TTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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8
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Dasari AKR, Yi S, Coats MF, Wi S, Lim KH. Toxic Misfolded Transthyretin Oligomers with Different Molecular Conformations Formed through Distinct Oligomerization Pathways. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2358-2365. [PMID: 36219173 PMCID: PMC9665167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is initiated by structural changes from native polypeptides to cytotoxic oligomers, which form cross-β structured amyloid. Identification and characterization of oligomeric intermediates are critically important for understanding not only the molecular mechanism of aggregation but also the cytotoxic nature of amyloid oligomers. Preparation of misfolded oligomers for structural characterization is, however, challenging because of their transient, heterogeneous nature. Here, we report two distinct misfolded transthyretin (TTR) oligomers formed through different oligomerization pathways. A pathogenic TTR variant with a strong aggregation propensity (L55P) was used to prepare misfolded oligomers at physiological pH. Our mechanistic studies showed that the full-length TTR initially forms small oligomers, which self-assemble into short protofibrils at later stages. Enzymatic cleavage of the CD loop was also used to induce the formation of N-terminally truncated oligomers, which was detected in ex vivo cardiac TTR aggregates extracted from the tissues of patients. Structural characterization of the oligomers using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism revealed that the two TTR misfolded oligomers have distinct molecular conformations. In addition, the proteolytically cleaved TTR oligomers exhibit a higher surface hydrophobicity, suggesting the presence of distinct oligomerization pathways for TTR oligomer formation. Cytotoxicity assays also revealed that the cytotoxicity of cleaved oligomers is stronger than that of the full-length TTR oligomers, indicating that hydrophobicity might be an important property of toxic oligomers. These comparative biophysical analyses suggest that the toxic cleaved TTR oligomers formed through a different misfoling pathway may adopt distinct structural features that produce higher surface hydrophobicity, leading to the stronger cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K. R. Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Sujung Yi
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Matthew F. Coats
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Sungsool Wi
- Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance (CIMAR), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), 1800 East, Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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9
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Steinebrei M, Gottwald J, Baur J, Röcken C, Hegenbart U, Schönland S, Schmidt M. Cryo-EM structure of an ATTRwt amyloid fibril from systemic non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6398. [PMID: 36302762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild type transthyretin-derived amyloid (ATTRwt) is the major component of non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Its accumulation in the heart of elderly patients is life threatening. A variety of genetic variants of transthyretin can lead to hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, which shows different clinical symptoms, like age of onset and pattern of organ involvement. However, in the case of non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis ATTRwt fibril deposits are located primarily in heart tissue. In this structural study we analyzed ATTRwt amyloid fibrils from the heart of a patient with non-hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. We present a 2.78 Å reconstructed density map of these ATTRwt fibrils using cryo electron microscopy and compare it with previously published V30M variants of ATTR fibrils extracted from heart and eye of different patients. All structures show a remarkably similar spearhead like shape in their cross section, formed by the same N- and C-terminal fragments of transthyretin with some minor differences. This demonstrates common features for ATTR fibrils despite differences in mutations and patients.
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10
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Sanguinetti C, Minniti M, Susini V, Caponi L, Panichella G, Castiglione V, Aimo A, Emdin M, Vergaro G, Franzini M. The Journey of Human Transthyretin: Synthesis, Structure Stability, and Catabolism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081906. [PMID: 36009453 PMCID: PMC9405911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein mainly synthesised by the liver and the choroid plexus whose function is to carry the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein bound to retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. When the stability of the tetrameric structure is lost, it breaks down, paving the way for the aggregation of TTR monomers into insoluble fibrils leading to transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, a progressive disorder mainly affecting the heart and nervous system. Several TTR gene mutations have been characterised as destabilisers of TTR structure and are associated with hereditary forms of ATTR amyloidosis. The reason why also the wild-type TTR is intrinsically amyloidogenic in some subjects is largely unknown. The aim of the review is to give an overview of the TTR biological life cycle which is largely unknown. For this purpose, the current knowledge on TTR physiological metabolism, from its synthesis to its catabolism, is described. Furthermore, a large section of the review is dedicated to examining in depth the role of mutations and physiological ligands on the stability of TTR tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sanguinetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Minniti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Susini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Caponi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bücker R, Seuring C, Cazey C, Veith K, García-Alai M, Grünewald K, Landau M. The Cryo-EM structures of two amphibian antimicrobial cross-β amyloid fibrils. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4356. [PMID: 35896552 PMCID: PMC9329304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-antimicrobial link hypothesis is based on antimicrobial properties found in human amyloids involved in neurodegenerative and systemic diseases, along with amyloidal structural properties found in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Supporting this hypothesis, we here determined the fibril structure of two AMPs from amphibians, uperin 3.5 and aurein 3.3, by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), revealing amyloid cross-β fibrils of mated β-sheets at atomic resolution. Uperin 3.5 formed a 3-blade symmetrical propeller of nine peptides per fibril layer including tight β-sheet interfaces. This cross-β cryo-EM structure complements the cross-α fibril conformation previously determined by crystallography, substantiating a secondary structure switch mechanism of uperin 3.5. The aurein 3.3 arrangement consisted of six peptides per fibril layer, all showing kinked β-sheets allowing a rounded compactness of the fibril. The kinked β-sheets are similar to LARKS (Low-complexity, Amyloid-like, Reversible, Kinked Segments) found in human functional amyloids. In this work the authors provide high-resolution structural support for the amyloid-antimicrobial link via functional amyloids displaying propeller-like and kinked cross-β fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bücker
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Rigaku Europe SE, Neu-Isenburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Seuring
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Cazey
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Veith
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria García-Alai
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kay Grünewald
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany. .,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Meytal Landau
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany. .,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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12
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Chen J, Cao D, Fortmann SD, Curcio CA, Feist RM, Crosson JN. Transthyretin proteoforms of intraocular origin in human subretinal fluid. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109163. [PMID: 35760119 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular composition of ocular tissues and fluids could inform new approaches to prevalent causes of blindness. Subretinal fluid accumulating between the photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is potentially a rich source of proteins and lipids normally cycling among outer retinal cells and choroid. Herein, intact post-translationally modified proteins (proteoforms) were extracted from subretinal fluids of five patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, and compared to published data on these same proteins as synthesized by other organs. Single-nuclei transcriptomic data from non-diseased human retina/RPE were used to identify whether proteins in subretinal fluid were of potential ocular origin. Two human donor eyes with normal maculas were immunoprobed for transthyretin (TTR) with appropriate controls. The three most abundant proteins detected in subretinal fluid were albumin, TTR, and apolipoprotein A-I. Remarkably, TTR relative to the other proteins was more abundant than its serum counterpart, suggestive of TTR being synthesized predominantly locally. Six post-translationally modified protein forms (proteoforms) of TTR were detected, with the relative amount of glutathionylated TTR being much higher in the subretinal fluid (12-43%) than values reported for serum (<5%) and cerebrospinal fluid (0.4-13%). Moreover, a putative glycosylated TTR dimer of 32,428 Da was detected as the fourth most abundant protein. The high abundance of TTR and putative TTR dimer in subretinal fluid was supported by analysis of available single-nuclei transcriptomic data, which showed strong and specific signal for TTR in RPE. Immunohistochemistry further showed strong diffuse TTR immunoreactivity in choroidal stroma that contrasted with vertically aligned signal in the outer segment zone of the subretinal space and negligible signal in RPE cell bodies. These results suggest that TTR in the retina is synthesized intraocularly, and glutathionylation is crucial for its normal function. Further studies on the composition, function, and quantities of TTR and other proteoforms in subretinal fluid could inform mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for age-related macular degeneration, familial amyloidosis, and other retinal diseases involving dysregulation of physiologic lipid transfer and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Dongfeng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Seth D Fortmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Richard M Feist
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jason N Crosson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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13
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Sun X, Ferguson JA, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. A transthyretin monomer intermediate undergoes local unfolding and transient interaction with oligomers in a kinetically concerted aggregation pathway. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102162. [PMID: 35724960 PMCID: PMC9293765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is associated with tissue deposition of TTR aggregates. TTR aggregation is initiated by dissociation of the native tetramer to form a monomeric intermediate, which locally unfolds and assembles into soluble oligomers and higher-order aggregates. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding requires kinetic and structural characterization of the low-population intermediates formed. Here we show that the monomeric intermediate exchanges with an ensemble of oligomers on the millisecond timescale. This transient and reversible exchange causes broadening of the 19F resonance of a trifluoromethyl probe coupled to the monomeric intermediate at S85C. We show the 19F linewidth and R2 relaxation rate increase in a linear manner with increasing concentration of the oligomer. Furthermore, introduction of 19F probes at additional TTR sites yielded distinct 19F chemical shifts for the TTR tetramer and monomer when the trifluoromethyl probe was attached at S100C, located near the same subunit interface as S85C, but not with probes attached at S46C or E63C, which are distant from any interfaces. The 19F probe at E63C shows that part of the DE loop, which is solvent-accessible in the tetramer, becomes more buried in the NMR-visible oligomers. Finally, using backbone amides as probes, we show that parts of the EF helix and H strand become highly flexible in the otherwise structured monomeric intermediate at acidic pH. We further find that TTR aggregation can be reversed by increasing pH. Taken together, this work provides insights into location-dependent conformational changes in the reversible early steps of a kinetically-concerted TTR aggregation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James A Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - H Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter E Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
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14
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Brunori M, Gianni S. An Outlook on the Complexity of Protein Morphogenesis in Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909567. [PMID: 35769915 PMCID: PMC9234464 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the mechanisms whereby proteins achieve their native functionally competent conformation has been a key issue in molecular biosciences over the last 6 decades. Nevertheless, there are several debated issues and open problems concerning some aspects of this fundamental problem. By considering the emerging complexity of the so-called “native state,” we attempt hereby to propose a personal account on some of the key topics in the field, ranging from the relationships between misfolding and diseases to the significance of protein disorder. Finally, we briefly describe the recent and exciting advances in predicting protein structures from their amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Brunori
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università, Rome, Italy
- Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Brunori,
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università, Rome, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), which is one of the major amyloidogenic proteins in systemic amyloidosis, forms extracellular amyloid deposits in the systemic organs such as nerves, ligaments, heart, and arterioles, and causes two kinds of systemic amyloidosis, hereditary ATTR (ATTRv) amyloidosis induced by variant TTR and aging-related wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis. More than 150 different mutations, most of which are amyloidogenic, have been reported in the TTR gene. Since most disease-associated mutations affect TTR tetramer dissociation rates, destabilization of TTR tetramers is widely believed to be a critical step in TTR amyloid formation. Recently, effective disease-modifying therapies such as TTR tetramer stabilizers and TTR gene silencing therapies have been developed for ATTR amyloidosis. This study reviews the clinical phenotypes of ATTR amyloidosis, TTR features, and recent progress in promising therapies for ATTR amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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16
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Faravelli G, Mondani V, Mangione PP, Raimondi S, Marchese L, Lavatelli F, Stoppini M, Corazza A, Canetti D, Verona G, Obici L, Taylor GW, Gillmore JD, Giorgetti S, Bellotti V. Amyloid Formation by Globular Proteins: The Need to Narrow the Gap Between in Vitro and in Vivo Mechanisms. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:830006. [PMID: 35237660 PMCID: PMC8883118 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.830006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The globular to fibrillar transition of proteins represents a key pathogenic event in the development of amyloid diseases. Although systemic amyloidoses share the common characteristic of amyloid deposition in the extracellular matrix, they are clinically heterogeneous as the affected organs may vary. The observation that precursors of amyloid fibrils derived from circulating globular plasma proteins led to huge efforts in trying to elucidate the structural events determining the protein metamorphosis from their globular to fibrillar state. Whereas the process of metamorphosis has inspired poets and writers from Ovid to Kafka, protein metamorphism is a more recent concept. It is an ideal metaphor in biochemistry for studying the protein folding paradigm and investigating determinants of folding dynamics. Although we have learned how to transform both normal and pathogenic globular proteins into fibrillar polymers in vitro, the events occurring in vivo, are far more complex and yet to be explained. A major gap still exists between in vivo and in vitro models of fibrillogenesis as the biological complexity of the disease in living organisms cannot be reproduced at the same extent in the test tube. Reviewing the major scientific attempts to monitor the amyloidogenic metamorphosis of globular proteins in systems of increasing complexity, from cell culture to human tissues, may help to bridge the gap between the experimental models and the actual pathological events in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faravelli
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Mondani
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P. Patrizia Mangione
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Loredana Marchese
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Lavatelli
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Stoppini
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corazza
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Canetti
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guglielmo Verona
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Graham W. Taylor
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian D. Gillmore
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London and Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bellotti
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Medicine, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vittorio Bellotti, ,
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