Design and simulation of the liposomal model by using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach towards drug delivery goals

Advancing liposome technology for innovative strategies against malaria

This review discusses the potential of liposomes as drug delivery systems for antimalarial therapies. Malaria continues to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among children and pregnant women. Drug resistance due to patient non-compliance and troublesome side effects remains a significant challenge in antimalarial treatment. Liposomes, as targeted and efficient drug carriers, have garnered attention owing to their ability to address these issues. Liposomes encapsulate hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic drugs, thus providing comprehensive and suitable therapeutic drug delivery. Moreover, the potential of passive and active drug delivery enables drug concentration in specific target tissues while reducing adverse effects. However, successful liposome formulation is influenced by various factors, including drug physicochemical characteristics and physiological barriers encountered during drug delivery. To overcome these challenges, researchers have explored modifications in liposome nanocarriers to achieve efficient drug loading, controlled release, and system stability. Computational approaches have also been adopted to predict liposome system stability, membrane integrity, and drug-liposome interactions, improving formulation development efficiency. By leveraging computational methods, optimizing liposomal drug delivery systems holds promise for enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects in malaria therapy. This review consolidates the current understanding and highlights the potential of liposome strategies against malaria.

Oseltamivir phosphate interaction with model membranes

Oseltamivir belongs to the neuraminidase inhibitors, developed against the influenza virus, and registered under the trademark Tamiflu. Despite its long-term acquaintance, there is limited information in the literature about its physicochemical and structural properties in a lipid-water system. We present an experimentally determined partition coefficient with structural information on the interaction of oseltamivir with the model membrane, its possible location, and its effect on the membrane thermodynamics. The hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer is affected to a moderate extent, which was proved by slight changes in thermal and structural properties. Hereby, interaction of oseltamivir with the phospholipid bilayer induces concentration dependent decrease of lateral pressure in the bilayer acyl chain region. Oseltamivir charges the bilayer surface positively, which results in the zeta potential increase and changes in anisotropic properties studied by the polarised light microscopy. At the highest oseltamivir concentrations studied, the multilamellar structure is extensively disturbed, likely due to electrostatic repulsion between the adjacent bilayers.

Engineering of surface-modified CuBTC-MXene nanocarrier for adsorption and co-loading of curcumin/paclitaxel from aqueous solutions for synergistic multi-therapy of cancer

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials can improve drug delivery by reducing toxicity, increasing bioavailability and boosting efficacy. In this study, the simultaneous use of transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) along with copper (II) benzene-1, 3, 5-tricarboxylate metal-organic framework (Cu - BTC/MOF) as attractive nanocarriers are investigated for loading and delivering curcumin (CUR) and paclitaxel (PTX) drugs to cancer cells. The efficiency of surface termination (bare and oxygen) in the adsorption of PTX and CUR drugs and the co-loading of these two drugs are evaluated. Our results show that the strongest interaction energy belongs to the adsorption of drug CUR on the MXNNO-Cu-BTC adsorbent, while the interaction of PTX drug with the MXNO- Cu-BTC in the MXNO-Cu-BTC/PTX&CUR system is the lowest due to the particular structure of the drug and the adsorbent. Our results show that at the beginning simulation, the interaction energy between the PTX drug and water in PTX/MXN system is -4645.48 kJ/mol, which reduces to -3848.71 kJ/mol after the system reaches equilibrium. Therefore, the inspected adsorbents have a good performance in adsorbing CUR and PTX drugs. The obtained results from this investigation provide valuable information about experimental studies by medical scientists in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

A comparison between the effects of two liposome-encapsulated bevacizumab formulations on ocular neovascularization inhibition

Bevacizumab (BVZ), an anti-VEGF antibody, has demonstrated reliable outcomes in the treatment of irritating ocular neovascularization. Frequent intravitreal injections are necessitated due to rapid clearance and short local accessibility. We recruited liposome as a highly prevailing drug delivery system to enhance drug availability. Two liposome formulations were characterized and their in vitro stability was analyzed. The toxicity of the formulations on some ocular cell lines was also evaluated. In addition, the anti-angiogenic effects of formulations were examined. Drug permeation was measured across ARPE-19 and HCE cell lines as in vitro cellular barrier models. Results revealed that NLP-DOPE-BVZ acquired high stability at 4 °C, 24 °C, and 37 °C for 45 days. It also showed more capacity to entrap BVZ in NLP-DOPE-BVZ (DEE% 69.1 ± 1.4 and DLE% 55.66 ± 1.15) as compared to NLP-BVZ (DEE% 43.57 ± 14.64, and DLE% 37.72 ± 12.01). Although both formulations inhibited the migration and proliferation of HUVECs, NLP-DOPE-BVZ was more effective at inhibiting angiogenesis. Furthermore, NLP-DOPE-BVZ better crossed our established barrier cellular models. Based on the findings, the inclusion of DOPE in NLPs has significantly enhanced the features of drug carriers. This makes them a potential candidate for treating ocular neovascularization and other related ailments.

Advanced Drug Carriers: A Review of Selected Protein, Polysaccharide, and Lipid Drug Delivery Platforms

Studies on bionanocomposite drug carriers are a key area in the field of active substance delivery, introducing innovative approaches to improve drug therapy. Such drug carriers play a crucial role in enhancing the bioavailability of active substances, affecting therapy efficiency and precision. The targeted delivery of drugs to the targeted sites of action and minimization of toxicity to the body is becoming possible through the use of these advanced carriers. Recent research has focused on bionanocomposite structures based on biopolymers, including lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. This review paper is focused on the description of lipid-containing nanocomposite carriers (including liposomes, lipid emulsions, lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers), polysaccharide-containing nanocomposite carriers (including alginate and cellulose), and protein-containing nanocomposite carriers (e.g., gelatin and albumin). It was demonstrated in many investigations that such carriers show the ability to load therapeutic substances efficiently and precisely control drug release. They also demonstrated desirable biocompatibility, which is a promising sign for their potential application in drug therapy. The development of bionanocomposite drug carriers indicates a novel approach to improving drug delivery processes, which has the potential to contribute to significant advances in the field of pharmacology, improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects.

Lipid Nanoparticles Optimized for Targeting and Release of Nucleic Acid

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most promising clinical nucleic acids drug delivery vehicles. LNPs prevent the degradation of cargo nucleic acids during blood circulation. Upon entry into the cell, specific components of the lipid nanoparticles can promote the endosomal escape of nucleic acids. These are the basic properties of lipid nanoparticles as nucleic acid carriers. As LNPs exhibit hepatic aggregation characteristics, enhancing targeting out of the liver is a crucial way to improve LNPs administrated in vivo. Meanwhile, endosomal escape of nucleic acids loaded in LNPs is often considered inadequate, and therefore, much effort is devoted to enhancing the intracellular release efficiency of nucleic acids. Here, different strategies to efficiently deliver nucleic acid delivery from LNPs are concluded and their mechanisms are investigated. In addition, based on the information on LNPs that are in clinical trials or have completed clinical trials, the issues that are necessary to be approached in the clinical translation of LNPs are discussed, which it is hoped will shed light on the development of LNP nucleic acid drugs.

Translational Challenges and Prospective Solutions in the Implementation of Biomimetic Delivery Systems

Biomimetic delivery systems (BDSs), inspired by the intricate designs of biological systems, have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm in nanomedicine, offering unparalleled advantages in therapeutic delivery. These systems, encompassing platforms such as liposomes, protein-based nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and polysaccharides, are lauded for their targeted delivery, minimized side effects, and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. However, the translation of BDSs from research settings to clinical applications is fraught with challenges, including reproducibility concerns, physiological stability, and rigorous efficacy and safety evaluations. Furthermore, the innovative nature of BDSs demands the reevaluation and evolution of existing regulatory and ethical frameworks. This review provides an overview of BDSs and delves into the multifaceted translational challenges and present emerging solutions, underscored by real-world case studies. Emphasizing the potential of BDSs to redefine healthcare, we advocate for sustained interdisciplinary collaboration and research. As our understanding of biological systems deepens, the future of BDSs in clinical translation appears promising, with a focus on personalized medicine and refined patient-specific delivery systems.

Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Delivery: An Overview of the Production Techniques and Difficulties Encountered in Their Industrial Development

Over the past decade, the therapeutic potential of nanomaterials as novel drug delivery systems complementing conventional pharmacology has been widely acknowledged. Among these nanomaterials, lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown remarkable pharmacological performance and promising therapeutic outcomes, thus gaining substantial interest in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we introduce the main types of LNPs used in drug formulations such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles, focusing on their main physicochemical properties and therapeutic potential. We discuss computational studies and modeling techniques to enhance the understanding of how LNPs interact with therapeutic cargo and to predict the potential effectiveness of such interactions in therapeutic applications. We also analyze the benefits and drawbacks of various LNP production techniques such as nanoprecipitation, emulsification, evaporation, thin film hydration, microfluidic-based methods, and an impingement jet mixer. Additionally, we discuss the major challenges associated with industrial development, including stability and sterilization, storage, regulatory compliance, reproducibility, and quality control. Overcoming these challenges and facilitating regulatory compliance represent the key steps toward LNP's successful commercialization and translation into clinical settings.

Preparation, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of PEGylated Nano Liposomal Loaded with Rutin against Human Carcinoma Cells (HT-29)

The abstract discusses the development of rutin-loaded nanoliposomes and their anti-colorectal cancer activity against human carcinoma cells (HT-29). The study characterizes the nanoliposomes using the thin-film hydration method and analyzes their size, charge, and polydispersity index. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading ability of rutin at different concentrations were investigated. The nanoliposomes were found to be stable for up to one month at 4 °C and showed sustained drug release for up to 24 h. The anti-cancer activity of the rutin-loaded nanoliposomes was found to be concentration-dependent and significantly improved compared to free rutin. PEGylated nanoliposomes with rutin (1.8 mg/ml) showed the highest encapsulation efficiency and drug loading ability, along with improved selectivity against cancer cells. Overall, the study provides important insights into the potential use of rutin-loaded nanoliposomes for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Effects of lipid saturation on bicelle to vesicle transition of a binary phospholipid mixture: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Controlling the transition from lipid bicelles to vesicles is essential for producing engineered vesicles. We perform coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations of unsaturated/saturated lipid mixtures to clarify the effects of lipid unsaturation on vesiculation at the molecular scale. The results demonstrate that vesiculation depends on the concentration of unsaturated lipids and the degree of unsaturation. The probability of vesiculation increases linearly with the apparent unsaturated lipid concentration at a low degree of unsaturation. Higher degrees of unsaturation lead to phase segregation within the binary bicelles, reducing the probability of vesiculation. A comparison between CGMD simulations and the conventional theory of vesiculation shows that the theoretical predictions of binary lipid systems must explicitly include phase segregation effects. Furthermore, simulations with biased lipid distributions reveal that vesiculation is facilitated by the preconcentration of unsaturated lipids in the core region of the bicelle but is then temporally limited as the unsaturated lipids move to the bicelle edges. These findings advance theoretical and experimental studies on binary lipid systems and promote the development of tailor-made vesicles.

Elucidating the Shape of Current Transients in Electrochemical Resistive-Pulse Sensing of Single Liposomes

Electrochemical resistive-pulse (ERP) sensing with conductive carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) has recently been developed and employed for the detection of single liposomes and biological vesicles, and for the analysis of redox molecules contained in such vesicles. However, the origins of different shapes of current transients produced by the translocation of single vesicles through the CNP remain poorly understood. Herein, we report extensive finite-element simulations of both portions of an ERP transient, the current blockage by a vesicle approaching and passing through the pipet orifice and the faradaic current spike due to oxidation/reduction of redox species released from a vesicle on the carbon surface, for different values of parameters defining the geometry and dynamics of the vesicle/CNP system. The effects of the pipet geometry, surface charge, transport, vesicle trajectory, and collision location on the shape of current transients are investigated. The possibility of quantitative analysis of experimental ERP transients produced by translocations of liposomes and extracellular vesicles by fitting them to simulated curves is demonstrated. The developed theory can enable a more reliable interpretation of complicated ERP signals and characterization of the size and contents of single biological and artificial vesicles.

Extension of the iSoLF implicit-solvent coarse-grained model for multicomponent lipid bilayers

iSoLF is a coarse-grained (CG) model for lipid molecules with the implicit-solvent approximation used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of biological membranes. Using the original iSoLF (iSoLFv1), MD simulations of lipid bilayers consisting of either POPC or DPPC and these bilayers, including membrane proteins, can be performed. Here, we improve the original model, explicitly treating the electrostatic interactions between different lipid molecules and adding CG particle types. As a result, the available lipid types increase to 30. To parameterize the potential functions of the new model, we performed all-atom MD simulations of each lipid at three different temperatures using the CHARMM36 force field and the modified TIP3P model. Then, we parameterized both the bonded and non-bonded interactions to fit the area per lipid and the membrane thickness of each lipid bilayer by using the multistate Boltzmann Inversion method. The final model reproduces the area per lipid and the membrane thickness of each lipid bilayer at the three temperatures. We also examined the applicability of the new model, iSoLFv2, to simulate the phase behaviors of mixtures of DOPC and DPPC at different concentrations. The simulation results with iSoLFv2 are consistent with those using Dry Martini and Martini 3, although iSoLFv2 requires much fewer computations. iSoLFv2 has been implemented in the GENESIS MD software and is publicly available.

A computational study of the R120G mutation in human αB-crystallin: implications for structural stability and functionality

The eye is a vital organ in the visual system, which is composed of transparent vascular tissue. αB-crystallin, a significant protein found in the lens, plays a crucial role in our understanding of lens diseases. Mutations in the αB-crystallin protein can cause lens diseases, such as cataracts and myopathy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the R120G mutation is not fully understood. In this study, we utilized molecular dynamics simulations to illustrate, in atomic detail, how the R120G mutation leads to the aggregation of αB-crystallin and scattering of light in the lens. Our findings show that the R120G mutation alters the dynamic and structural properties of the αB-crystallin protein. Specifically, this mutation causes the angle of the hairpin at the C-terminal to increase from 80° to 150°, while reducing the distance between the hydrophobic patches around residues 10 and 44-55 from 1.5 nm to 1 nm. In addition, our results showed that the mutation could disrupt the IPI motif - β4/β8 interaction. The disruption of this interaction could affect the αB-crystallin oligomerization and the chaperone activity of αB-crystallin protein. The exposed hydrophobic area at the IPI motif - β4/β8 could become the primary site for interprotein interactions, which are responsible for large-scale aggregation. We have demonstrated that, in wild-type αB-crystallin protein, salt bridges R120 and D109, R107 and D80 are formed. However, in the case of the R120G mutation, the salt bridges R120 and R109 are disrupted, and a new salt bridge with a different pattern is formed. In our study, it has been found that all of the changes associated with the R120G mutation are located at the interface of chains A and B, which could impact the multimerization of the αB-crystallin. Previous research on the K92-E99 residue has shown that a salt bridge in the dimer I can reduce the chaperone activity of the protein. Furthermore, the salt bridges R120 and D109, as well as R107 and D80 in dimer II, induce changes in the hydrophobic envelope of β-sheets in the α-crystallin domain (ACD). These changes could have an impact on the multimerization of the αB-crystallin, leading to disruption of the oligomer structure and aggregation. Moreover, the changes in the αB-crystallin resulting from the R120G mutation can lead to faulty interactions with other proteins, which can cause the aggregation of αB-crystallin with other proteins, such as desmin. These findings may provide new insights into the development of treatments for lens diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Key Design Features of Lipid Nanoparticles and Electrostatic Charge-Based Lipid Nanoparticle Targeting

Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have gained much attention after the approval of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The considerable number of currently ongoing clinical studies are testament to this fact. These efforts towards the development of LNPs warrant an insight into the fundamental developmental aspects of such systems. In this review, we discuss the key design aspects that confer efficacy to a LNP delivery system, i.e., potency, biodegradability, and immunogenicity. We also cover the underlying considerations regarding the route of administration and targeting of LNPs to hepatic and non-hepatic targets. Furthermore, since LNP efficacy is also a function of drug/nucleic acid release within endosomes, we take a holistic view of charged-based targeting approaches of LNPs not only in the context of endosomal escape but also in relation to other comparable target cell internalization strategies. Electrostatic charge-based interactions have been used in the past as a potential strategy to enhance the drug release from pH-sensitive liposomes. In this review, we cover such strategies around endosomal escape and cell internalization in low pH tumor micro-environments.

Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics of pH-Sensitive Lipids

pH-sensitive lipids represent a class of lipids that can be protonated and destabilized in acidic environments, as they become positively charged in response to low-pH conditions. They can be incorporated into lipidic nanoparticles such as liposomes, which are able to change their properties and allow specific drug delivery at the acidic conditions encountered in some pathological microenvironments. In this work, we used coarse-grained molecular-dynamic simulations to study the stability of neutral and charged lipid bilayers containing POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and various kinds of ISUCA ((F)2-(imidazol-1-yl)succinic acid)-derived lipids, which can act as pH-sensitive molecules. In order to explore such systems, we used a MARTINI-derived forcefield, previously parameterized using all-atom simulation results. We calculated the average area per lipid, the second-rank order parameter and the lipid diffusion coefficient of both lipid bilayers made of pure components and mixtures of lipids in different proportions, under neutral or acidic conditions. The results show that the use of ISUCA-derived lipids disturbs the lipid bilayer structure, with the effect being particularly marked under acidic conditions. Although more-in depth studies on these systems must be carried out, these initial results are encouraging and the lipids designed in this research could be a good basis for developing new pH-sensitive liposomes.

Licensed liposomal vaccines and adjuvants in the antigen delivery system

Liposomes (LSs) are promising nanoparticles with unique properties such as controlled nanosize, large surface area, increased reactivity, and ability to undergo modification. Worldwide, licensed liposomal forms of antibiotics, hormones, antioxidants, cytostatics, ophthalmic drugs, etc., are available on the pharmaceutical market. This review focuses on the adjuvant properties of LSs in the production of vaccines (VACs). LS-VACs have the following advantages: antigens with low immunogenicity can become highly immunogenic; LSs can include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic antigens; LSs allow to achieve a prolonged specific action of antibodies; and LSs reduce the toxicity and pyrogenicity of encapsulated antigens and adjuvants. The immune response is influenced by the composition of the liposomal membrane, physicochemical characteristics of lipids, antigen localization in LSs, interaction of LSs with complement, and a number of proteins, which leads to opsonization. The major requirements for adjuvants are their ability to enhance the immune response, biodegradability, and elimination from the organism, and LSs fully meet these requirements. The effectiveness and safety of LSs as carriers in the antigen delivery system have been proven by the long-term clinical use of licensed vaccines against hepatitis A, influenza, herpes zoster, malaria, and COVID-19.

Mutational Insight into Allosteric Regulation of Kir Channel Activity

Potassium (K⁺) channels are regulated in part by allosteric communication between the helical bundle crossing, or inner gate, and the selectivity filter, or outer gate. This network is triggered by gating stimuli. In concert, there is an allosteric network which is a conjugated set of interactions which correlate long-range structural rearrangements necessary for channel function. Inward-rectifier K⁺ (Kir) channels favor inward K⁺ conductance, are ligand-gated, and help establish resting membrane potentials. KirBac1.1 is a bacterial Kir (KirBac) channel homologous to human Kir (hKir) channels. Additionally, KirBac1.1 is gated by the anionic phospholipid ligand phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In this study, we use site-directed mutagenesis to investigate residues involved in the KirBac1.1 gating mechanism and allosteric network we previously proposed using detailed solid-state NMR (SSNMR) measurements. Using fluorescence-based K⁺ and sodium (Na⁺) flux assays, we identified channel mutants with impaired function that do not alter selectivity of the channel. In tandem, we performed coarse grain molecular dynamics simulations, observing changes in PG-KirBac1.1 interactions correlated with mutant channel activity and contacts between the two transmembrane helices and pore helix tied to this behavior. Lipid affinity is closely tied to the proximity of two tryptophan residues on neighboring subunits which lure anionic lipids to a cationic pocket formed by a cluster of arginine residues. Thus, these simulations establish a structural and functional basis for the role of each mutated site in the proposed allosteric network. The experimental and simulated data provide insight into key functional residues involved in gating and lipid allostery of K⁺ channels. Our findings also have direct implications on the physiology of hKir channels due to conservation of many of the residues identified in this work from KirBac1.1.

Investigation of the ionic conditions in SiRNA-mediated delivery through its carriers in the cell membrane: a molecular dynamic simulation

SiRNA is a new generation of drug molecules and a new approach for treating a variety of diseases such as cancer and viral infections. SiRNA delivery to cells and translocation into cytoplasm are the main challenges in the clinical application of siRNA. Lipid carriers are one of the most successful carriers for siRNA delivery. In this study, we investigated the interaction of siRNA with a zwitterionic bilayer and how ion concentration and lipid conjugation can affect it. The divalent cation such as Mg²⁺ ions could promote the siRNA adsorption on the bilayer surface. The cation ions can bind to the head groups of lipids and the grooves of siRNA molecules and form bridges between the siRNA and bilayer surface. Our findings demonstrated the bridges formed by divalent ions could facilitate the attachment of siRNA to the membrane surface. We showed that the divalent cations can regulate the bridging-driven membrane attachment and it seems the result of this modulation can be used for designing biomimetic devices. In the following, we examined the effect of cations on the interaction between siRNA modified by cholesterol and the membrane surface. Our MD simulations showed that in the presence of Mg²⁺, the electrostatic and vdW energy between the membrane and siRNA were higher compared to those in the presence of NA⁺. We showed that the electrostatic interaction between membrane and siRNA cannot be facilitated only by cholesterol conjugated. Indeed, cations are essential to create coulomb repulsion and enable membrane attachment. This study provides important insight into liposome carriers for siRNA delivery and could help us in the development of siRNA-based therapeutics. Due to the coronavirus pandemic outbreak, these results may shed light on the new approach for treating these diseases and their molecular details.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Curved Lipid Membranes

Eukaryotic cells contain membranes with various curvatures, from the near-plane plasma membrane to the highly curved membranes of organelles, vesicles, and membrane protrusions. These curvatures are generated and sustained by curvature-inducing proteins, peptides, and lipids, and describing these mechanisms is an important scientific challenge. In addition to that, some molecules can sense membrane curvature and thereby be trafficked to specific locations. The description of curvature sensing is another fundamental challenge. Curved lipid membranes and their interplay with membrane-associated proteins can be investigated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Various methods for simulating curved membranes with MD are discussed here, including tools for setting up simulation of vesicles and methods for sustaining membrane curvature. The latter are divided into methods that exploit scaffolding virtual beads, methods that use curvature-inducing molecules, and methods applying virtual forces. The variety of simulation tools allow researcher to closely match the conditions of experimental studies of membrane curvatures.

Mechanism Study on Nanoparticle Negative Surface Charge Modification by Ascorbyl Palmitate and Its Improvement of Tumor Targeting Ability

Surface charge polarity and density influence the immune clearance and cellular uptake of intravenously administered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), thus determining the efficiency of their delivery to the target. Here, we modified the surface charge with ascorbyl palmitate (AsP) used as a negatively charged lipid. AsP-PC-LNPs were prepared by dispersion and ultrasonication of AsP and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composite films at various ratios. AsP inserted into the PC film with its polar head outward. The pKa for AsP was 4.34, and its ion form conferred the LNPs with negative surface charge. Zeta potentials were correlated with the amount and distribution of AsP on the LNPs surface. DSC, Raman and FTIR spectra, and molecular dynamics simulations disclosed that AsP distributed homogeneously in PC at 1−8% (w/w), and there were strong hydrogen bonds between the polar heads of AsP and PC (PO2−), which favored LNPs’ stability. But at AsP:PC > 8% (w/w), the excessive AsP changed the interaction modes between AsP and PC. The AsP−PC composite films became inhomogeneous, and their phase transition behaviors and Raman and FTIR spectra were altered. Our results clarified the mechanism of surface charge modification by AsP and provided a rational use of AsP as a charged lipid to modify LNP surface properties in targeted drug delivery systems. Furthermore, AsP−PC composites were used as phospholipid-based biological membranes to prepare paclitaxel-loaded LNPs, which had stable surface negative charge, better tumor targeting and tumor inhibitory effects.