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Queen NJ, Huang W, Komatineni S, Mansour AG, Xiao R, Chrislip LA, Cao L. Social isolation exacerbates diet-induced obesity and peripheral inflammation in young male mice under thermoneutrality. iScience 2023; 26:106259. [PMID: 36915694 PMCID: PMC10006833 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) is associated with an increased risk of mortality and various chronic diseases-including obesity-in humans. Murine studies probing SI metabolic outcomes remain inconsistent, due in part to a lack of consideration for housing temperature. Such experiments typically occur at room temperature, subjecting mice to chronic cold stress. Single housing prevents social thermoregulation, further exacerbating cold stress and obscuring psychosocial influences on metabolism at room temperature. In this study, C57BL/6 and BALB/c male mice were group- and single-housed under thermoneutral conditions to determine whether SI affects the development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. We report SI promotes weight gain, increases food intake, increases adiposity, worsens glycemic control, reduces insulin signaling, exacerbates systemic and adipose inflammatory responses, and induces a molecular signature within the hypothalamus. This study establishes a murine model that recapitulates the SI-induced propensity for obesity, which may further our understanding of SI's influence on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suraj Komatineni
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony G. Mansour
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, National Medical Center and the Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 91010, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Logan A. Chrislip
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Smvk P, M N M, D M DY, Kondeti S, Kalashikam RR. Strain specific variation underlines the disparity in stress response of rats to calorie dense diets in the pathophysiology of obesity. Steroids 2020; 160:108653. [PMID: 32407856 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder, caused mainly due to lifestyle changes, and increased consumption of calorie dense diets is not just limited to developed countries anymore. Chronic physiological stress and oxidative stress are known to be implicated in the etiology of obesity. However, the role of stress response towards obesity manifestation in genetically different rat strains is poorly understood. In the current study we have used obesity susceptible & resistant rat models to understand the role of both glucocorticoid and oxidativestress in the pathophysiology of obesity. Upon challenge with calorie dense diets, WNIN showed an increased glucocorticoid stress, resulting in increased oxidative stress; whereas such a phenomenon was not noticed in F-344 and SD. However, there was an increase in the circulatory melatonin levels in calorie dense fed groups of both F-344 and SD animals, which might have contributed to reduced oxidative stress. The molecular switch in the activation of melatonin could be possibly attributed to the genetic differences among these strains. It will be interesting to explore other molecular mechanisms for melatonin regulation, albeit increased corticosterone is implicated in the enhanced production of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Smvk
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Muralidhar M N
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav D M
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Kondeti
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Rajender Rao Kalashikam
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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Chakraborty B, Rao A, Shenoy R, Davda L, Suprabha BS. Stress-mediated quality of life outcomes in parents of disabled children: A case-control study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:237-244. [PMID: 31584022 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_266_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to resolve whether caregiving for a child with disability influences the physical and mental health of the caregivers and whether stress is related to the quality of life of the caregivers. METHODS The Parental Stress Scale questionnaire for the assessment of parental stress and the Short Form-12 version 2 questionnaire for the assessment of physical and mental health quality of life were distributed among 69 parents of developmentally disabled children and 137 parents of healthy children (control group). Various sociodemographic factors were also included. RESULTS A significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of employment, presence of disabled sibling, smoking, and physical activity. Parents of developmentally disabled children had significantly higher stress levels and worse mental health-related quality of life. Overall physical health quality of life was similar between cases and controls. Stress had a negative correlation with both mental and physical health quality of life of the parents. CONCLUSION Stress related to raising a child with disability negatively influences the parental quality of life. Stress management aiming at its prevention and reduction might be significant aspects of intervention for the improvement of the quality of life of the caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chakraborty
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arathi Rao
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Latha Davda
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, UK
| | - B S Suprabha
- Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Effects of a Mental Warmup on the Workout Readiness and Stress of College Student Exercisers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4030042. [PMID: 33467357 PMCID: PMC7739252 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of warming up prior to sport competition has been highlighted in the scientific literature, with increasing attention paid to the benefits of mental warmups. The purpose of this research was to explore the possibility that a mental warmup may also benefit exercisers. Two studies were conducted in which the effects of a mental warmup on the psychological readiness and psychological stress of exercisers were examined. Study 1 used a pretest-posttest design and Study 2 used an experimental pretest-posttest design, comparing mental warmup participants to a control group. In both studies, exercisers were assessed before and after they completed a prerecorded mental warmup that consisted of goal setting, imagery, and arousal control. Overall, the results showed that completing a mental warmup increased exercisers' readiness to exercise and to use mental skills to enhance workouts. The mental warmup also reduced stress. These findings suggest that mental warmup strategies that facilitate readiness for sport performance may have utility in exercise settings. Future research exploring the applicability of a mental warmup in diverse settings, as a stress reduction, and as a potential injury reduction intervention is warranted.
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Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity. Biol Psychol 2017; 131:5-13. [PMID: 28479142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The US remains at the forefront of a global obesity epidemic with a significant negative impact on public health. While it is well known that a balance between energy intake and expenditure is homeostatically regulated to control weight, growing evidence points to multifactorial social, neurobehavioral and metabolic determinants of food intake that influence obesity risk. This review presents factors such as the ubiquitous presence of rewarding foods in the environment and increased salience of such foods that stimulate brain reward motivation and stress circuits to influence eating behaviors. These rewarding foods via conditioned and reinforcing effects stimulate not only metabolic, but also stress hormones, that, in turn, hijack the brain emotional (limbic) and motivational (striatal) pathways, to promote food craving and excessive food intake. Furthermore, the impact of high levels of stress and trauma and altered metabolic environment (e.g. higher weight, altered insulin sensitivity) on prefrontal cortical self-control processes that regulate emotional, motivational and visceral homeostatic mechanisms of food intake and obesity risk are also discussed. A heuristic framework is presented in which the interactive dynamic effects of neurobehavioral adaptations in metabolic, motivation and stress neurobiology may further support food craving, excessive food intake and weight gain in a complex feed-forward manner. Implications of such adaptations in brain addictive-motivational and stress pathways and their effects on excessive food intake and weight gain are discussed to highlight key questions that requires future research attention in order to better understand and address the growing obesity epidemic.
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Abstract
Stress is a core issue to be addressed in lifestyle medicine. Not only does it influence disease directly (eg, cardiovascular disease), it also indirectly affects health by having a negative influence on other behaviors such as sleep and physical activity. The importance of stress is further highlighted by the fact that it is one of the most highly ranked health risks for employees globally. Practitioners are encouraged to attend to both significant life stressors and those that are encountered daily. Stress reduction strategies are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Braun
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas (CB).,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (JPF).,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (CAJ)
| | - John P Foreyt
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas (CB).,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (JPF).,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (CAJ)
| | - Craig A Johnston
- Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas (CB).,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (JPF).,Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (CAJ)
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McGregor BA, Dolan ED, Murphy KM, Sannes TS, Highland KB, Albano DL, Ward AA, Charbonneau AM, Redman MW, Ceballos RM. Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management for Healthy Women at Risk for Breast Cancer: a Novel Application of a Proven Intervention. Ann Behav Med 2015; 49:873-84. [PMID: 26290001 PMCID: PMC4739817 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women at risk for breast cancer report elevated psychological distress, which has been adversely associated with cancer-relevant behaviors and biology. PURPOSE The present study sought to examine the effects of a 10-week cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) group intervention on distress among women with a family history of breast cancer. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to CBSM (N = 82) or a wait-list comparison group (N = 76). Baseline to postintervention effects of CBSM on depressive symptoms and perceived stress were examined using hierarchical regression. RESULTS CBSM participants reported significantly lower posttreatment depressive symptoms (β = -0.17, p < 0.05) and perceived stress (β = -0.23, p < 0.05) than wait-list comparison participants. Additionally, greater relaxation practice predicted lower distress. CONCLUSIONS Group-based CBSM intervention is feasible and can reduce psychological distress among women with a family history of breast cancer. The present findings represent an encouraging avenue for the future application of CBSM. ( Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT00121160).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie A McGregor
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Emily D Dolan
- Shelter Research and Development, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karly M Murphy
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Timothy S Sannes
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Denise L Albano
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alison A Ward
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anna M Charbonneau
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mary W Redman
- Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rachel M Ceballos
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Vergidis J, Gresham G, Lim HJ, Renouf DJ, Kennecke HF, Ruan JY, Chang JT, Cheung WY. Impact of Weight Changes After the Diagnosis of Stage III Colon Cancer on Survival Outcomes. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2015; 15:16-23. [PMID: 26281943 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight modification after a diagnosis of colon cancer and its impact on outcomes remain unclear. Thus we aimed to examine the association of obesity and weight changes from baseline oncology consultation with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage III colon cancer. METHODS Patients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with stage III colon cancer in British Columbia from 2008 to 2010 and who received adjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to evaluate the impact of different body compositions and degree of weight changes from baseline assessment with outcomes while controlling for potentially confounding covariates, such as age and sex. RESULTS A total of 539 patients with stage III colon cancer were included: median age was 69 years (range, 26-94 years), 52% were men, and 53% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1. Those with weight gains of ≥ 10% had a median RFS of 37 months compared with 49 months in those with weight gains of < 10% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-1.59; P = .82). However, this finding was not significant. In Cox models, patients who exhibited weight losses of ≥ 10% experienced significantly inferior RFS (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.44-8.13; P = .0046) and OS (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.04-6.67; P = .041) compared with those who experienced weight losses of < 10%. Weight gains, losses, or changes of equal or less magnitude did not show any significant associations with outcomes (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Weight losses of ≥ 10% from baseline evaluation bodes a worse prognosis among patients with stage III colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Vergidis
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gillian Gresham
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Howard J Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hagen F Kennecke
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenny Y Ruan
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Winson Y Cheung
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Stern M, Ewing L, Davila E, Thompson AL, Hale G, Mazzeo S. Design and rationale for NOURISH-T: a randomized control trial targeting parents of overweight children off cancer treatment. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 41:227-37. [PMID: 25559916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 40% of off-treatment pediatric cancer survivors (PCS) are overweight or obese, which increases their risk for negative long-term physical health complications. Consistent with the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) emphasis on patients transitioning from treatment to cancer survivorship and increasing long-term healthy behaviors in these survivors, we plan to conduct a pilot RCT to address the increasing overweight/obesity rates among PCS by targeting their caregivers as agents for PCS behavior change. We plan to focus on parents' behaviors, attitudes and roles in promoting healthier eating and physical activity (PA) in PCS and adapt an evidence-informed, manualized parent intervention - NOURISH - found to be effective for parents of overweight and obese children and adolescents in reducing child and adolescent BMI. We plan to adapt NOURISH for caregivers of 5-12 year old PCS (6 months-4 years off active cancer treatment). Our pilot feasibility RCT - NOURISH-T (Nourishing Our Understanding of Role modeling to Improve Support for Healthy Transitions) evaluates: 1) the preliminary efficacy of NOURISH-T for PCS, compared with an Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) control condition, and 2) factors to consider to improve future adaptations of the intervention. The project will enroll caregivers of PCS at two pediatric oncology clinics into the 6-week intervention (or EUC) with assessments occurring pre- and post-6 weeks of intervention, and at a 4-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Stern
- Department of Rehabilitation and Mental Health Counseling, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Lin Ewing
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Esther Davila
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Gregory Hale
- All Children's Hospital/Johns Hopkins Medical Center, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Suzanne Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Liu PC, Gau BS, Hung CC. Development and psychometric testing of a chinese version of the caregiver burden index for parents of children with allergies. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 30:208-18. [PMID: 24813162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUNG: No specific instrument has thus far been developed for measuring the caregiver burden perceived by parents of children with allergies (CWA). OBJECTIVES To determine the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Burden Index (CBI). METHODS A mixed-methods design was adopted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale. RESULTS The content validity index was 0.89, and the internal consistency was high with a coefficient alpha of 0.98. Three factors were extracted after exploratory factor analysis. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that the CBI has sufficient reliability and validity to evaluate the caregiver burden of parents of CWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ching Liu
- Department of Nursing, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Shya Gau
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Chia Hung
- School of Nursing, Yuan-Pei Institute of Technology, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
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Metabolic Effects of Social Isolation in Adult C57BL/6 Mice. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:690950. [PMID: 27433503 PMCID: PMC4897244 DOI: 10.1155/2014/690950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic dysfunction are risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and certain forms of cancers. Both animal studies and human population-based and clinical studies have suggested that chronic stress is a risk factor for metabolic disorders. A good social support system is known to exert positive effects on the mental and physical well-being of an individual. On the other hand, long-term deprivation of social contacts may represent a stressful condition that has negative effects on health. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic social isolation on metabolic parameters in adult C57BL/6 mice. We found that individually housed mice had increased adipose mass compared to group-housed mice, despite comparable body weight. The mechanism for the expansion of white adipose tissue mass was depot-specific. Notably, food intake was reduced in the social isolated animals, which occurred around the light-dark phase transition periods. Similarly, reductions in heat generated and the respiratory exchange ratio were observed during the light-dark transitions. These phase-specific changes due to long-term social isolation have not been reported previously. Our study shows social isolation contributes to increased adiposity and altered metabolic functions.
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de Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, de Souza A, de Oliveira CM, Medeiros LF, de Macedo IC, Marques Filho PR, Cioato SG, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Obesity and chronic stress are able to desynchronize the temporal pattern of serum levels of leptin and triglycerides. Peptides 2014; 51:46-53. [PMID: 24184591 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the circadian system can lead to metabolic dysfunction as a response to environmental alterations. This study assessed the effects of the association between obesity and chronic stress on the temporal pattern of serum levels of adipogenic markers and corticosterone in rats. We evaluated weekly weight, delta weight, Lee index, and weight fractions of adipose tissue (mesenteric, MAT; subcutaneous, SAT; and pericardial, PAT) to control for hypercaloric diet-induced obesity model efficacy. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: standard chow (C), hypercaloric diet (HD), stress plus standard chow (S), and stress plus hypercaloric diet (SHD), and analyzed at three time points: ZT0, ZT12, and ZT18. Stressed animals were subjected to chronic stress for 1h per day, 5 days per week, during 80 days. The chronic exposure to a hypercaloric diet was an effective model for the induction of obesity and metabolic syndrome, increasing delta weight, Lee index, weight fractions of adipose tissue, and triglycerides and leptin levels. We confirmed the presence of a temporal pattern in the release of triglycerides, corticosterone, leptin, and adiponectin in naïve animals. Chronic stress reduced delta weight, MAT weight, and levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin. There were interactions between chronic stress and obesity and serum total cholesterol levels, between time points and obesity and adiponectin and corticosterone levels, and between time points and chronic stress and serum leptin levels. In conclusion, both parameters were able to desynchronize the temporal pattern of leptin and triglyceride release, which could contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Centro Universitário Univates, Lajeado, RS 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Marques Filho
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress and physical activity (PA) are believed to be reciprocally related; however, most research examining the relationship between these constructs is devoted to the study of exercise and/or PA as an instrument to mitigate distress. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to review the literature investigating the influence of stress on indicators of PA and exercise. METHODS A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus was employed to find all relevant studies focusing on human participants. Search terms included "stress", "exercise", and "physical activity". A rating scale (0-9) modified for this study was utilized to assess the quality of all studies with multiple time points. RESULTS The literature search found 168 studies that examined the influence of stress on PA. Studies varied widely in their theoretical orientation and included perceived stress, distress, life events, job strain, role strain, and work-family conflict but not lifetime cumulative adversity. To more clearly address the question, prospective studies (n = 55) were considered for further review, the majority of which indicated that psychological stress predicts less PA (behavioral inhibition) and/or exercise or more sedentary behavior (76.4 %). Both objective (i.e., life events) and subjective (i.e., distress) measures of stress related to reduced PA. Prospective studies investigating the effects of objective markers of stress nearly all agreed (six of seven studies) that stress has a negative effect on PA. This was true for research examining (a) PA at periods of objectively varying levels of stress (i.e., final examinations vs. a control time point) and (b) chronically stressed populations (e.g., caregivers, parents of children with a cancer diagnosis) that were less likely to be active than controls over time. Studies examining older adults (>50 years), cohorts with both men and women, and larger sample sizes (n > 100) were more likely to show an inverse association. 85.7 % of higher-quality prospective research (≥ 7 on a 9-point scale) showed the same trend. Interestingly, some prospective studies (18.2 %) report evidence that PA was positively impacted by stress (behavioral activation). This should not be surprising as some individuals utilize exercise to cope with stress. Several other factors may moderate stress and PA relationships, such as stages of change for exercise. Habitually active individuals exercise more in the face of stress, and those in beginning stages exercise less. Consequently, stress may have a differential impact on exercise adoption, maintenance, and relapse. Preliminary evidence suggests that combining stress management programming with exercise interventions may allay stress-related reductions in PA, though rigorous testing of these techniques has yet to be produced. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the majority of the literature finds that the experience of stress impairs efforts to be physically active. Future work should center on the development of a theory explaining the mechanisms underlying the multifarious influences of stress on PA behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Stults-Kolehmainen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Stress Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA,
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Park CL, Iacocca MO. A stress and coping perspective on health behaviors: theoretical and methodological considerations. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2013; 27:123-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.860969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Do life-events that obese inpatients think happened to them soon before their subjective problematic weight gain have an effect on their current psychopathology over and beyond BMI and binge eating? Eat Weight Disord 2013; 18:367-75. [PMID: 24057678 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-013-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study had two aims: (1) to investigate life-events that obese inpatients think happened to them during the 6 months preceding their subjective problematic weight gain and (2) to evaluate the associations of such life-events with psychopathology controlling for the effects of gender, age, BMI and binge eating in a large sample of obese inpatients referred to hospital for weight-loss treatment. The analysis used cross-sectional data on 2,900 obese adults from the hospital database. Psychopathology was assessed with the SCL-90 questionnaire, binge eating was evaluated with the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and life-events were retrospectively assessed with a pre-defined self-report checklist asking patients to select the events that occurred to them in the 6 months preceding their problematic weight gain. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the association between a pre-defined classification of patients according to the kind of life-events ("no event", "undefined events", "negative events" and "mixed events") with psychopathology controlling for gender, age, BMI and binge eating. The life-events factor was significantly associated with psychopathology even after adjusting for the effects of gender, age, BMI and binge eating. A significant linear trend was evident so that obese patients who reported both negative and undefined events or only negative events had higher levels of psychopathology than patients reporting only undefined events or no event. Though these findings should be considered with caution due to the subjective recall of problematic weight gain and the retrospective assessment of life-events, future studies investigating the link between obesity and psychopathology should not ignore the role of negative life-events that obese patients think happened to them before weight gain.
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Stults-Kolehmainen MA. The interplay between stress and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Front Physiol 2013; 4:346. [PMID: 24348424 PMCID: PMC3841719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Mouchacca J, Abbott GR, Ball K. Associations between psychological stress, eating, physical activity, sedentary behaviours and body weight among women: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:828. [PMID: 24020677 PMCID: PMC3848641 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increased risk of obesity amongst socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and emerging evidence suggests that psychological stress may be a key factor in this relationship. This paper reports the results of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of relationships between perceived stress, weight and weight-related behaviours in a cohort of socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Methods This study used baseline and follow-up self-report survey data from the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality study, comprising a cohort of 1382 women aged 18 to 46 years from 80 of the most socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Victoria, Australia. Women reported their height (baseline only), weight, sociodemographic characteristics, perceived stress, leisure-time physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviours at baseline and three-year follow-up. Linear and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between stress (predictor) and weight, and weight-related behaviours. Results Higher perceived stress in women was associated with a higher BMI, and to increased odds of being obese in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were found between stress and both less leisure-time physical activity, and more frequent fast food consumption. Longitudinal associations were also found between stress and increased television viewing time. Conclusion The present study contributes to the literature related to the effects of stress on weight and weight-related behaviours. The findings suggest that higher stress levels could contribute to obesity risk in women. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these associations. However, interventions that incorporate stress management techniques might help to prevent rising obesity rates among socioeconomically disadvantaged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mouchacca
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
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Proeschold-Bell RJ, Swift R, Moore HE, Bennett G, Li XF, Blouin R, Williams VP, Williams RB, Toole D. Use of a randomized multiple baseline design: rationale and design of the spirited life holistic health intervention study. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 35:138-52. [PMID: 23685205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clergy suffer from high rates of obesity, chronic disease, and depression, and simultaneously underestimate the toll these take on their daily functioning. Health interventions are needed for clergy and may be tailored to their occupational context and theological beliefs. Few studies have sought to improve clergy health. No prior studies have utilized a randomized design. Spirited Life is a randomized, multiple baseline study that offered enrollment to nearly all United Methodist Church clergy in North Carolina in fall 2010. A total of 1114 clergy (response rate = 64%) enrolled. Using a multiple baseline design, we randomized participants to three cohorts. Each cohort began the health intervention in one of three consecutive years. The third cohort served as a randomized waitlist control cohort, allowing comparisons between the first and third cohorts. The two-year Spirited Life intervention consists of: 1) a theological underpinning for health stewardship based on incarnation, grace, and response and delivered during workshops; 2) the stress management program Williams LifeSkills; 3) Naturally Slim, an online weight loss program; 4) phone contact with a Wellness Advocate; and 5) $500 small grants for health goals. Metabolic syndrome is the primary endpoint. Stress and depressive severity are secondary endpoints. We measured each construct before, twice during, and at the end of the two-year intervention. Study outcomes, to be published after follow-up data are gathered, will provide evidence of the effectiveness of the combined intervention components of Spirited Life. If successful, the intervention may be considered for use with other clergy and faith populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell
- Duke Global Health Institute and Duke Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Durham, NC 27708-0392, USA.
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Macedo IC, Medeiros LF, Oliveira C, Oliveira CM, Rozisky JR, Scarabelot VL, Souza A, Silva FR, Santos VS, Cioato SG, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Cafeteria diet-induced obesity plus chronic stress alter serum leptin levels. Peptides 2012; 38:189-96. [PMID: 22940203 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease that has become a serious public health issue worldwide, and chronic stressors, which are a problem for modern society, cause neuroendocrine changes with alterations in food intake. Obesity and chronic stress are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. In this study, a rat model was used to evaluate the effects of a hypercaloric diet plus chronic restraint stress on the serum leptin and lipids levels and on the weight of specific adipose tissue (mesenteric, MAT; subcutaneous, SAT and visceral, VAT). Wistar rats were divided into the following 4 groups: standard chow (C), hypercaloric diet (HD), stress plus standard chow (S), and stress plus hypercaloric diet (SHD). The animals in the stress groups were subjected to chronic stress (placed inside a 25 cm × 7 cm plastic tube for 1h per day, 5 days per week for 6 weeks). The following parameters were evaluated: the weight of the liver, adrenal glands and specific adipose tissue; the delta weight; the Lee index; and the serum levels of leptin, corticosterone, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The hypercaloric diet induced obesity in rats, increasing the Lee index, weight, leptin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels. The stress decreased weight gain even in animals fed a hypercaloric diet but did not prevent a significant increase in the Lee index. However, an interaction between the independent factors (hypercaloric diet and stress) was observed, which is demonstrated by the increased serum leptin levels in the animals exposed to both protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Macedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pimenta F, Leal I, Maroco J, Ramos C. Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for weight loss in midlife women: a controlled study with follow-up. Int J Womens Health 2012; 4:559-67. [PMID: 23091402 PMCID: PMC3474154 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s35246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has proven to be effective in weight reduction. This study explores whether individual, 8-session CBT can promote weight loss in midlife women. METHODS Anthropometric (weight, abdominal perimeter, and body mass index calculation), psychological (health-related and sexual quality of life, stress, anxiety, and depression), and behavioral measures (binge eating disorder and restrained, external, and emotional eating) were assessed at baseline (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 4-month follow-up (T3), for a total of 21 women at baseline; the CBT group (n = 11) and the control group (n = 10; waiting list) were compared. RESULTS Statistically significant effects that were dependent on the intervention were observed on weight (F = 4.402; P = 0.035; η(p) (2) = 0.404; π = 0.652) and body mass index (F = 3.804; P = 0.050; η(p) (2) = 0.369; π = 0.585); furthermore, marginally significant effects were observed on external eating (F = 2.844; P = 0.095; η(p) (2) = 0.304; π = 0.461). At follow-up, women in the CBT group presented with lower weight, abdominal perimeter, body mass index, and external eating; higher health-related quality-of-life and restrained eating were also observed in this group. Most differences identified were at a marginally significant level. Moreover, at follow-up, none of the participants of the CBT group met the criteria for binge eating disorder, whereas the number of women with binge eating disorder in the control group remained the same through all three assessments. CONCLUSION An effective, though small, weight loss was achieved. Changes in quality of life were also observed. Moreover, changes in external eating behavior were successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Pimenta
- Psychology and Health Research Unit, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Leal
- Psychology and Health Research Unit, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Maroco
- Psychology and Health Research Unit, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ramos
- Psychology and Health Research Unit, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rodriguez EM, Dunn MJ, Zuckerman T, Vannatta K, Gerhardt CA, Compas BE. Cancer-related sources of stress for children with cancer and their parents. J Pediatr Psychol 2012; 37:185-97. [PMID: 21841187 PMCID: PMC3282279 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examines reports and correlates of cancer-specific stressors in children with cancer and their parents. Measures Mothers (n = 191) and fathers (n = 95) reported on their own and their child's stressors, general perceived stress, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Children (n = 106) completed self-reports of their own stressors and posttraumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS Mother and father self-reports were positively correlated, but mothers reported higher levels of stressors than fathers. Child and parent reports of children's stressors were positively correlated, but parents rated physical effects as more stressful while children rated role-functioning stressors as more stressful. Parents' and childrens' reports of stressors were also positively associated with general perceived stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings extend research on stress in children with cancer and their parents, and may help inform research on risk and intervention in pediatric cancer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Wardle J, Chida Y, Gibson EL, Whitaker KL, Steptoe A. Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:771-8. [PMID: 20948519 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress has been strongly implicated in the biology of adiposity but epidemiological studies have produced inconsistent results. The aim of this analysis was to bring together results from published, longitudinal, prospective studies examining associations between psychosocial stress and objectively measured adiposity in a meta-analysis. Searches were conducted on Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed (to January 2009) and reference lists from relevant articles were examined. Prospective studies relating psychosocial stress (general life stress (including caregiver stress), work stress) to BMI, body fat, body weight, waist circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio were included. Analyses from 14 cohorts were collated and evaluated. There was no significant heterogeneity, no evidence of publication bias, and no association between study quality and outcomes. The majority of analyses found no significant relationship between stress and adiposity (69%), but among those with significant effects, more found positive than negative associations (25 vs. 6%). Combining results in a meta-analysis showed that stress was associated with increasing adiposity (r = 0.014; confidence interval (CI) = 0.002-0.025, P < 0.05). Effects were stronger for men than women, in analyses with longer rather than shorter follow-ups, and in better quality studies. We conclude that psychosocial stress is a risk factor for weight gain but effects are very small. Variability across studies indicates there are moderating variables to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Wardle
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Witt WP, Litzelman K, Wisk LE, Spear HA, Catrine K, Levin N, Gottlieb CA. Stress-mediated quality of life outcomes in parents of childhood cancer and brain tumor survivors: a case-control study. Qual Life Res 2010; 19:995-1005. [PMID: 20473638 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if caring for a child with cancer or a brain tumor affects parental health and mental health and if and to what extent stress mediates the relationship between case status and parental quality of life. METHODS In person interviewer-assisted surveys were administered to 74 case dyads (children diagnosed with cancer or a brain tumor and their parents) and 129 control dyads (children without health problems and their parents from a community sample) to assess health-related quality of life and perceived levels of stress. RESULTS Parents of children with cancer or a brain tumor had significantly worse health-related quality of life, including worse overall mental health. Overall physical health was no different between cases and controls. Staged multivariate analysis revealed that worse health-related quality of life is completely mediated by perceived stress in these parents. CONCLUSIONS The experience of caring for a child with cancer is not in itself related to poor quality of life, but is related to an increased level of stress that may adversely impact parental mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney P Witt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792-4108, USA.
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Vicennati V, Pasqui F, Cavazza C, Pagotto U, Pasquali R. Stress-related development of obesity and cortisol in women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1678-83. [PMID: 19300426 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental stress may play a role in the development of obesity, through hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. This study investigated the dynamics of weight gain and the activity of the HPA axis in women who developed weight gain after a stressful event. This is a case-control retrospective study. Two groups of age-matched premenopausal women were selected. One (n = 14) included women characterized by a rapid weight gain following a stressful event, defined as the "stress-related obesity " (SRO) group, and the other (n = 21) women with nonstress-related development of obesity, defined as the "nonstress-related obesity " (NSRO) group. Twenty-one healthy premenopausal women served as normal-weight controls. Baseline hormonal and metabolic parameters, and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC/24 h) excretion rate (as a measure of HPA-axis activity) were measured in all women. Anthropometry, diet, and physical activity were similar in both obese groups. Both obese groups showed similar metabolic and hormonal profiles, but the SRO group had UFC/24 h values (41.1 +/- 14.3 microg) significantly higher (P < 0.001) with respect to the NSRO (26.6 +/- 17.6 microg) or the normal-weight control groups (21.1 +/- 9.8 microg). Moreover, time (years) to achieve maximum Deltaweight gain (kg) and the Deltaweight gain/time ratio were significantly shorter (P < 0.001) and higher (P < 0.001) in the SRO group with respect to the NSRO group, respectively. In the SRO group, there was a tendency to a significant correlation between UFC/24 h and the Deltaweight gain/time ratio. These findings support the concept that SRO has distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, including hyperactivity of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vicennati
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Gary Bennett and colleagues discuss the ways in which the dramatic rise in home foreclosures, particularly in the US, may have health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Bennett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Effect of dichotomous thinking on the association of depression with BMI and weight change among obese females. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bartolomucci A, Cabassi A, Govoni P, Ceresini G, Cero C, Berra D, Dadomo H, Franceschini P, Dell'Omo G, Parmigiani S, Palanza P. Metabolic consequences and vulnerability to diet-induced obesity in male mice under chronic social stress. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4331. [PMID: 19180229 PMCID: PMC2628728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social and psychological factors interact with genetic predisposition and dietary habit in determining obesity. However, relatively few pre-clinical studies address the role of psychosocial factors in metabolic disorders. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated in male mice: 1) opposite status-dependent effect on body weight gain under chronic psychosocial stress; 2) a reduction in body weight in individually housed (Ind) male mice. In the present study these observations were extended to provide a comprehensive characterization of the metabolic consequences of chronic psychosocial stress and individual housing in adult CD-1 male mice. Results confirmed that in mice fed standard diet, dominant (Dom) and Ind had a negative energy balance while subordinate (Sub) had a positive energy balance. Locomotor activity was depressed in Sub and enhanced in Dom. Hyperphagia emerged for Dom and Sub and hypophagia for Ind. Dom also showed a consistent decrease of visceral fat pads weight as well as increased norepinephrine concentration and smaller adipocytes diameter in the perigonadal fat pad. On the contrary, under high fat diet Sub and, surprisingly, Ind showed higher while Dom showed lower vulnerability to obesity associated with hyperphagia. In conclusion, we demonstrated that social status under chronic stress and individual housing deeply affect mice metabolic functions in different, sometime opposite, directions. Food intake, the hedonic response to palatable food as well as the locomotor activity and the sympathetic activation within the adipose fat pads all represent causal factors explaining the different metabolic alterations observed. Overall this study demonstrates that pre-clinical animal models offer a suitable tool for the investigation of the metabolic consequences of chronic stress exposure and associated psychopathologies.
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Klassen AF, Klaassen R, Dix D, Pritchard S, Yanofsky R, O'Donnell M, Scott A, Sung L. Impact of caring for a child with cancer on parents' health-related quality of life. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:5884-9. [PMID: 19029424 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the health-related quality of life (QOL) of parents of children who are undergoing treatment for cancer with that of Canadian population norms and to identify important parent and child predictors of parental QOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 411 respondents of 513 eligible parents were recruited from five pediatric oncology centers in Canada between November 2004 and February 2007. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet that included a measure of adult QOL (SF-36), a measure of child health status (functional status IIR), and questions to assess health-promoting self-care actions (eg, sleep, diet, and exercise habits) and characteristics of the child with cancer (eg, relapse status, time since diagnosis, prognosis, treatment intensity). RESULTS Compared with population norms, parents of children with cancer reported poorer physical and psychosocial QOL in all psychosocial domains (effect sizes range, -0.71 to -1.58) and in most physical health domains (effect sizes range, -0.08 to -0.63). Parent characteristics associated with better parental QOL included better eating, exercise and sleep habits, younger age, and higher income. Child characteristics associated with better parental QOL included better child health status (functional status IIR scores), lower treatment intensity, and longer time since diagnosis. CONCLUSION Parents of children with cancer report poorer QOL compared with population norms. Interventions directed at parents should be included as part of the treatment plan for a child with cancer. Modifiable variables associated with poorer parental QOL, such as sleep quality and diet and exercise habits, indicate those parents most likely to experience poor QOL and may be potential areas for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Klassen
- DPhil, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 3A, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Barry D, Petry N. Gender differences in associations between stressful life events and body mass index. Prev Med 2008; 47:498-503. [PMID: 18793665 PMCID: PMC2610270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify relationships between body mass index (BMI) and stressful life events and to determine whether relationships differ by gender. METHOD Logistic regression was used to examine effects of BMI and gender on the likelihood of experiencing 12 stressful life events in the past year in a sample of 41,217 adults, including 23,058 women (55.9%) and 18,159 men (44.1%). Data were collected in the United States between 2001-2002. Analyses controlled for demographics and lifetime and past-year psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Compared to normal weight (BMI=18.5-24.9) women, overweight (BMI=25.0-29.9), obese (BMI=30.0-39.9), and extremely obese (BMI>40.0) women experienced more stressful life events. Among men, underweight (BMI<18.5) was associated with fewer, and obesity and extreme obesity with more, stressful events. Overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity were associated with increased odds of several specific stressful life events, with odds ratios ranging from 1.19 to 3.26. Some relationships differed by gender. CONCLUSIONS Overweight women experience more stressful life events than normal weight women. Obese and extremely obese individuals of both genders are more likely to report several specific stressful life events and more stressful life events overall in the past year compared to normal weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue (MC 3944), Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Klassen A, Raina P, Reineking S, Dix D, Pritchard S, O'Donnell M. Developing a literature base to understand the caregiving experience of parents of children with cancer: a systematic review of factors related to parental health and well-being. Support Care Cancer 2007; 15:807-18. [PMID: 17390154 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-007-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GOAL OF WORK This paper describes a literature review conducted to identify important factors that have been investigated as explanations of variability in the health and well-being of parents of children with cancer. Our purpose was to build a literature base that could be used to guide and direct future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline, Cinahl, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts were searched from 1980 to 2005 using the keywords neoplasms; child(ren) aged 0-18 years; parent(s), caregiver(s), mother(s), or father(s). For papers that met the study inclusion criteria, sample characteristics and information about factors related to caregiver health, or the relationship between such factors, were extracted. The findings were organized according to the six main constructs that form the caregiving process and caregiver burden model: background/context variables; child characteristics; caregiver strain; self-perception; coping factors; and caregiver physical and psychological health. MAIN RESULTS Articles meeting the inclusion criteria totaled 57. We found substantial research showing that certain child characteristics (e.g., child behavior; time since diagnosis) and indicators of coping (e.g., family cohesion, social support, stress management) are related to parental psychological health. Other aspects of the caregiving process (e.g., parental self-perception, family-centered care, and physical health) have received less research attention. CONCLUSION Various limitations and gaps in the current literature were identified in our review. Future research to understand the complex interrelationships between factors involved in the caregiving process should examine hypotheses that are guided by a theoretical framework and tested using advanced statistical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Klassen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N3Z5, Canada.
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Pickering TG. Why Don't We Pay More Attention to the Effects of Stress on Our Patients? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2005; 7:310-2. [PMID: 15886534 PMCID: PMC8109465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2005.04110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Pickering
- Behavioral Cardiovascular Health and Hypertension Program, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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