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Kello M, Goga M, Kotorova K, Sebova D, Frenak R, Tkacikova L, Mojzis J. Screening Evaluation of Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Lichen Extracts and Secondary Metabolites In Vitro. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:611. [PMID: 36771693 PMCID: PMC9919983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lichen metabolites represent a wide range of substances with a variety of biological effects. The present study was designed to analyze the potential antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of several extracts from lichens (Pseudevernia furfuracea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Cetraria islandica, Evernia prunastri, Stereocaulon tomentosum, Xanthoria elegans and Umbilicaria hirsuta) and their secondary metabolites (atranorin, physodic acid, evernic acid and gyrophoric acid). The crude extract, as well as the isolated metabolites, showed potent antiproliferative, cytotoxic activity on a broad range of cancer cell lines in 2D (monolayer) and 3D (spheroid) models. Furthermore, antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) and in vitro antimicrobial activities were assessed. Data showed that the lichen extracts, as well as the compounds present, possessed biological potential in the studied assays. It was also observed that the extracts were more efficient and their major compounds showed strong effects as antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Moreover, we demonstrated the 2D and 3D models' importance to drug discovery for further in vivo studies. Despite the fact that lichen compounds have been neglected by the scientific community for long periods, nowadays they are objects of investigation based on their promising effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Goga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Kotorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Sebova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Richard Frenak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Tkacikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Vergaro V, Baldassarre F, De Castro F, Migoni D, Dell’anna MM, Mastrorilli P, Fanizzi FP, Ciccarella G, Osella D. Low-Intensity Light-Responsive Anticancer Activity of Platinum(II) Complex Nanocolloids on 2D and 3D In Vitro Cancer Cell Model. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35502219 PMCID: PMC9056248 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9571217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of low-intensity visible light responsive nanocolloids of a Pt-based drug using a 2D and three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer cell model. Biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric nanocolloids, obtained using the ultrasonication method coupled with Layer by Layer technology, were characterized in terms of size (100 ± 20 nm), physical stability, drug loading (78%), and photoactivation through spectroscopy studies. The in vitro biological effects were assessed in terms of efficacy, apoptosis induction, and DNA-Pt adducts formation. Biological experiments were performed both in dark and under visible light irradiation conditions, exploiting the complex photochemical properties. The light-stimuli responsive nanoformulation gave a significant enhancement in drug bioactivity. This allowed us to achieve satisfying results by using nanomolar drug concentration (50 nM), which was ineffective in darkness condition. Furthermore, our nanocolloids were validated in 3D in vitro spheroids using confocal microscopy and cytofluorimetric assay to compare their behavior on culture in 2D monolayers. The obtained results confirmed that these nanocolloids are promising tools for delivering Pt-based drugs.
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Herring B, Jang S, Whitt J, Goliwas K, Aburjania Z, Dudeja V, Ren B, Berry J, Bibb J, Frost A, Chen H, Rose JB, Jaskula-Sztul R. Ex Vivo Modeling of Human Neuroendocrine Tumors in Tissue Surrogates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710009. [PMID: 35002949 PMCID: PMC8734644 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few models exist for studying neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and there are mounting concerns that the currently available array of cell lines is not representative of NET biology. The lack of stable patient-derived NET xenograft models further limits the scientific community's ability to make conclusions about NETs and their response to therapy in patients. To address these limitations, we propose the use of an ex vivo 3D flow-perfusion bioreactor system for culturing and studying patient-derived NET surrogates. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the bioreactor system for culturing NET surrogates and provide methods for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents on human NET cell line xenograft constructs and patient-derived NET surrogates. We also demonstrate that patient-derived NET tissues can be propagated using the bioreactor system and investigate the near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-783 for its use in monitoring their status within the bioreactor. The results indicate that the bioreactor system and similar 3D culture models may be valuable tools for culturing patient-derived NETs and monitoring their response to therapy ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Herring
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kayla Goliwas
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zviadi Aburjania
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andra Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Qiu X, Zhu L, Wang H, Tan Y, Yang Z, Yang L, Wan L. From natural products to HDAC inhibitors: An overview of drug discovery and design strategy. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116510. [PMID: 34826681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in the homeostasis of protein acetylation in histones and have recently emerged as a therapeutic target for numerous diseases. The inhibition of HDACs may block angiogenesis, arrest cell growth, and lead to differentiation and apoptosis in tumour cells. Thus, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have received increasing attention and many of which are developed from natural sources. In the past few decades, naturally occurring HDACi have been identified to have potent anticancer activities, some of which have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects on haematological malignancies. In this review, we summarized the discovery and modification of HDAC inhibitors from natural sources, novel drug design that uses natural products as parent nuclei, and dual target design strategies that combine HDAC with non-HDAC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Abstract
In recent years, stimuli-responsive in situ self-assembly fluorescent probes for tumor imaging, which leverage the advantage of efficient penetrability and satisfactory accumulation, have attracted much attention. In this work, we rationally integrate charge switchable azobenzene moiety and long wavelength aggregation-induced emission fluorogens (AIEgens) into one water-soluble polymer to construct the hypoxia-triggered in situ self-assembly fluorescent probe for tumor imaging. Due to the good water solubility and the quenching effect of azobenzene moiety, the AIEgens containing polymer showed no significant fluorescence. Under a tumor hypoxic environment, the enzymatic reduction of azobenzene triggered cationic quaternary ammonium converting into anionic carboxylate. Then self-assembly nanoparticles were obtained, driven by the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged carboxylate ion and positively charged AIEgens, which emitted a strong orange-red fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kuanchun Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaning He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Gkika K, Noorani S, Walsh N, Keyes TE. Os(II)-Bridged Polyarginine Conjugates: The Additive Effects of Peptides in Promoting or Preventing Permeation in Cells and Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8123-8134. [PMID: 33978399 PMCID: PMC8277133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of two polyarginine conjugates of the complex Os(II) [bis-(4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine)] [Os-(Rn)2]x+ (n = 4 and 8; x = 10 and 18) is reported, to explore whether the R8 peptide sequence that promotes cell uptake requires a contiguous amino acid sequence for membrane permeation or if this can be accomplished in a linearly bridged structure with the additive effect of shorter peptide sequences. The conjugates exhibit NIR emission centered at 754 nm and essentially oxygen-insensitive emission with a lifetime of 89 ns in phosphate-buffered saline. The uptake, distribution, and cytotoxicity of the parent complex and peptide derivatives were compared in 2D cell monolayers and a three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model. Whereas, the bis-octaarginine sequences were impermeable to cells and spheroids, and the bis-tetraarginine conjugate showed excellent cellular uptake and accumulation in two 2D monolayer cell lines and remarkable in-depth penetration of 3D MCTSs of pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, the data indicates that cell permeability can be promoted via non-contiguous sequences of arginine residues bridged across the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel
S. Gkika
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sara Noorani
- School
of Biotechnology, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Naomi Walsh
- School
of Biotechnology, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Rangone B, Perin E, Ferrari B, Bottone MG, Osella D. Cis,cis,trans-[Pt IVCl 2(NH 3) 2(perillato) 2], a dual-action prodrug with excellent cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3161-3177. [PMID: 33595015 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Pt(iv) conjugates containing one or two molecules of perillic acid (4-isopropenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid), an active metabolite of limonene, were synthesized both with traditional and microwave-assisted methods and characterized. Their antiproliferative activity was tested on a panel of human tumor cell lines. In particular, cis,cis,trans-[PtIVCl2(NH3)2(perillato)2] exhibited excellent antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity on A-549 lung tumor cells at nanomolar concentrations. A number of in vitro biological tests were performed to decipher some aspects of its mechanism of action, including transwell migration and invasion as well as wound healing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Lo ATS, Bryce NS, Klein AV, Todd MH, Hambley TW. Novel polyamide amidine anthraquinone platinum(II) complexes: cytotoxicity, cellular accumulation, and fluorescence distributions in 2D and 3D cell culture models. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:217-33. [PMID: 33475856 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1- and 1,5-Aminoalkylamine substituted anthraquinones (AAQs, 1C3 and 1,5C3) were peptide coupled to 1-, 2-, and 3-pyrrole lexitropsins to generate compounds that incorporated both DNA minor groove and intercalating moieties. The corresponding platinum(II) amidine complexes were synthesized through a synthetically facile amine-to-platinum mediated nitrile 'Click' reaction. The precursors as well as the corresponding platinum(II) complexes were biologically evaluated in 2D monolayer cells and 3D tumour cell models. Despite having cellular accumulation levels that were up to five-fold lower than that of cisplatin, the platinum complexes had cytotoxicities that were only three-fold lower. Accumulation was lowest for the complexes with two or three pyrrole groups, but the latter was the most active of the complexes exceeding the activity of cisplatin in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. All compounds showed moderate to good penetration into spheroids of DLD-1 cells with the distributions being consistent with active uptake of the pyrrole containing complexes in regions of the spheroids starved of nutrients.
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Bellat V, Verchère A, Ashe SA, Law B. Transcriptomic insight into salinomycin mechanisms in breast cancer cell lines: synergistic effects with dasatinib and induction of estrogen receptor β. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:661. [PMID: 32678032 PMCID: PMC7364656 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors are heterogeneous in nature, composed of different cell populations with various mutations and/or phenotypes. Using a single drug to encounter cancer progression is generally ineffective. To improve the treatment outcome, multiple drugs of distinctive mechanisms but complementary anticancer activities (combination therapy) are often used to enhance antitumor efficacy and minimize the risk of acquiring drug resistance. We report here the synergistic effects of salinomycin (a polyether antibiotic) and dasatinib (a Src kinase inhibitor). METHODS Functionally, both drugs induce cell cycle arrest, intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) production, and apoptosis. We rationalized that an overlapping of the drug activities should offer an enhanced anticancer effect, either through vertical inhibition of the Src-STAT3 axis or horizontal suppression of multiple pathways. We determined the toxicity induced by the drug combination and studied the kinetics of iROS production by fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry. Using genomic and proteomic techniques, including RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western Blot, we subsequently identified the responsible pathways that contributed to the synergistic effects of the drug combination. RESULTS Compared to either drug alone, the drug combination showed enhanced potency against MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 human breast cancer (BC) cell lines and tumor spheroids. The drug combination induces both iROS generation and apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, following a 2-step kinetic profile. RNA-seq data revealed that the drug combination exhibited synergism through horizontal suppression of multiple pathways, possibly through a promotion of cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase via the estrogen-mediated S-phase entry pathway, and partially via the BRCA1 and DNA damage response pathway. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic analyses revealed for the first time, that the estrogen-mediated S-phase entry pathway partially contributed to the synergistic effect of the drug combination. More importantly, our studies led to the discoveries of new potential therapeutic targets, such as E2F2, as well as a novel drug-induced targeting of estrogen receptor β (ESR2) approach for triple-negative breast cancer treatment, currently lacking of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellat
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Verchère
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally A Ashe
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benedict Law
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Lead contact, New York, USA.
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Caballero AB, Cardo L, Claire S, Craig JS, Hodges NJ, Vladyka A, Albrecht T, Rochford LA, Pikramenou Z, Hannon MJ. Assisted delivery of anti-tumour platinum drugs using DNA-coiling gold nanoparticles bearing lumophores and intercalators: towards a new generation of multimodal nanocarriers with enhanced action. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9244-9256. [PMID: 32055309 PMCID: PMC7003971 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New gold and lipoic based nanocarriers for the delivery of platinum(ii) and platinum(iv) drugs are developed, which allow enhanced loading of the drug on the surface of the nanocarriers and release in a pH-dependent fashion, with superior release at lower pHs which are associated with many tumours. The conjugate nanoparticles and their conjugates enter cells rapidly (within 3 hours). They tend to cluster in vesicles and are also observed by light and electron microscopies in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. We further incorporate aminoanthraquinone units that are both fluorophores and DNA intercalators. This results in nanocarriers that after drug release will remain surface decorated with DNA-binders challenging the conventional design of the nanocarrier as an inert component. The outcome is nanocarriers that themselves have distinctive, remarkable and unusual DNA binding properties being able to bind and wrap DNA (despite their anionic charge) and provide enhanced cytotoxic activity beyond that conferred by the platinum agents they release. DNA coiling is usually associated with polycations which can disrupt cell membranes; anionic nanoparticles that can cause novel and dramatic effects on DNA may have fascinating potential for new approaches to in-cell nucleic acid recognition. Our findings have implications for the understanding and interpretation of the biological activities of nanoparticles used to deliver other DNA-binding drugs including clinical drug doxorubicin and its formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Caballero
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - Lucia Cardo
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - Sunil Claire
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - James S Craig
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK
| | - Nikolas J Hodges
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK
| | - Anton Vladyka
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - Tim Albrecht
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - Luke A Rochford
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - Zoe Pikramenou
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
| | - Michael J Hannon
- School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , UK . ;
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Glenister A, Simone MI, Hambley TW. A Warburg effect targeting vector designed to increase the uptake of compounds by cancer cells demonstrates glucose and hypoxia dependent uptake. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217712. [PMID: 31306426 PMCID: PMC6629077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugation to target the Warburg effect provides the potential to enhance selective uptake of anticancer or imaging agents by cancer cells. A Warburg effect targeting group, rationally designed to facilitate uptake by glucose transporters and promote cellular accumulation due to phosphorylation by hexokinase (HK), has been synthesised. This targeting group, the C2 modified glucose analogue 2-(2-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy)-D-glucose, has been conjugated to the fluorophore nitrobenzoxadiazole to evaluate its effect on uptake and accumulation in cancer cells. The targeting vector has demonstrated inhibition of glucose phosphorylation by HK, indicating its interaction with the enzyme and thereby confirming the potential to facilitate an intracellular trapping mechanism for compounds it is conjugated with. The cellular uptake of the fluorescent analogue is dependent on the glucose concentration and is so to a greater extent than is that of the widely used fluorescent glucose analogue, 2-NBDG. It also demonstrates selective uptake in the hypoxic regions of 3D spheroid tumour models whereas 2-NBDG is distributed primarily through the normoxic regions of the spheroid. The increased selectivity is consistent with the blocking of alternative uptake pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Glenister
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Discipline of Chemistry, Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor W. Hambley
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Gabano E, Ravera M, Perin E, Zanellato I, Rangone B, McGlinchey MJ, Osella D. Synthesis and characterization of cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine-based Pt(iv) dicarboxylato anticancer prodrugs: their selective activity against human colon cancer cell lines. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:435-445. [PMID: 30539948 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three pairs of asymmetric dicarboxylato derivatives based on the cisplatin and oxaliplatin-like skeletons have been synthesized de novo or re-synthesized. The axial ligands consist of one medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), namely clofibrate (i.e. 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid, CA), heptanoate (HA) or octanoate (OA), respectively, and an inactive acetato ligand that imparts acceptable water solubility to such conjugates. Stability tests provided evidence for the partial formation of two hydrolyzed products, corresponding to two monoaqua diastereomers derived from the substitution of an equatorial chlorido ligand with a water molecule. The complexes have been tested on three different colon cancer cell lines having different histological history, and also on the cisplatin-sensitive A2780 ovarian cancer cell line for comparison. This allowed the evaluation not only of the increase in activity on passing from Pt(ii) to Pt(iv) derivatives, but also the selectivity towards colon cancer cells brought about by the cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine carrier ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Di Marco L, Zhang JZ, Doan J, Kim BJ, Yamamoto N, Bryce NS, Hambley TW. Modulating the Cellular Uptake of Fluorescently Tagged Substrates of Prostate-Specific Antigen before and after Enzymatic Activation. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:124-133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Di Marco
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny Z. Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John Doan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Byung J. Kim
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natsuho Yamamoto
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicole S. Bryce
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Trevor W. Hambley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Yang G, Fu S, Wang X, Wang J, Tang R. pH-triggered poly(ethylene glycol) nanogels prepared through orthoester linkages as potential drug carriers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1417288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqing Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shengxiang Fu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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15
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Huang Y, Qin J, Wang J, Yan G, Wang X, Tang R. Dual-stimuli-sensitive poly(ortho ester disulfide urethanes)-based nanospheres with rapid intracellular drug release for enhanced chemotherapy. Sci China Chem 2018; 61:1447-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Walther T, Herzog R, Kaluđerović MR, Wagner C, Schmidt H, Kaluđerović GN. Traceable platinum(II) complexes with alkylene diamine-derived ligands: synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1431392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Walther
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Renate Herzog
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Milena R. Kaluđerović
- Department of Oral, Maxillary, Facial and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Harry Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
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17
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Theiner S, Van Malderen SJM, Van Acker T, Legin A, Keppler BK, Vanhaecke F, Koellensperger G. Fast High-Resolution Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging of the Distribution of Platinum-Based Anticancer Compounds in Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12641-12645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Theiner
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stijn J. M. Van Malderen
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Van Acker
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton Legin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Goliwas KF, Richter JR, Pruitt HC, Araysi LM, Anderson NR, Samant RS, Lobo-Ruppert SM, Berry JL, Frost AR. Methods to Evaluate Cell Growth, Viability, and Response to Treatment in a Tissue Engineered Breast Cancer Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14167. [PMID: 29074857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of in vitro, engineered surrogates in the field of cancer research is of interest for studies involving mechanisms of growth and metastasis, and response to therapeutic intervention. While biomimetic surrogates better model human disease, their complex composition and dimensionality make them challenging to evaluate in a real-time manner. This feature has hindered the broad implementation of these models, particularly in drug discovery. Herein, several methods and approaches for the real-time, non-invasive analysis of cell growth and response to treatment in tissue-engineered, three-dimensional models of breast cancer are presented. The tissue-engineered surrogates used to demonstrate these methods consist of breast cancer epithelial cells and fibroblasts within a three dimensional volume of extracellular matrix and are continuously perfused with nutrients via a bioreactor system. Growth of the surrogates over time was measured using optical in vivo (IVIS) imaging. Morphologic changes in specific cell populations were evaluated by multi-photon confocal microscopy. Response of the surrogates to treatment with paclitaxel was measured by optical imaging and by analysis of lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in the perfused medium. Each method described can be repeatedly performed during culture, allowing for real-time, longitudinal analysis of cell populations within engineered tumor models.
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20
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Yang G, Fu S, Yao W, Wang X, Zha Q, Tang R. Hyaluronic acid nanogels prepared via ortho ester linkages show pH-triggered behavior, enhanced penetration and antitumor efficacy in 3-D tumor spheroids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 504:25-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Yang G, Wang X, Fu S, Tang R, Wang J. pH-triggered chitosan nanogels via an ortho ester-based linkage for efficient chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:232-243. [PMID: 28479490 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on new types of chitosan-based nanogels via an ortho ester-based linkage, used as drug carriers for efficient chemotherapy. First, we synthesized a novel diacrylamide containing ortho ester (OEAM) as an acid-labile cross-linker. Subsequently, methacrylated succinyl-chitosan (MASCS) was prepared and polymerized with OEAM at different molar ratios to give a series of pH-triggered MASCS nanogels. Doxorubicin (DOX) as a model anticancer drug was loaded into MASCS nanogels with a loading content of 16.5%. As expected, with the incorporation of ortho ester linkages, these nanogels showed pH-triggered degradation and drug release at acidic pH values. In vitro cellular uptake shows that the DOX-loaded nanogels could be preferentially internalized by two-dimensional (2D) cells and three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids (MCs), resulting in higher inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells. In vivo biodistribution and anti-tumor effect were determined in H22 tumor-bearing mice, and the results demonstrate that the acid-labile MASCS nanogels can significantly prolong the blood circulation time of DOX and improve the accumulation in tumor areas, leading to higher therapeutic efficacy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We designed new pH-triggered chitosan nanogels via an ortho ester-based cross-linker for efficient drug-loading and chemotherapy. These drug-loaded nanogels exhibit excellent pH-triggered drug release behavior due to the degradation of ortho ester linkages in mildly acidic environments. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the nanogels could be efficiently internalized by 2D cells and 3D-MCs, improve drug concentration in solid tumors, and lead to higher therapeutic efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on using an ortho ester-based cross-linker to prepare pH-triggered chitosan nanogels as tumor carriers, which may provide a potential route for improved safety and to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer therapy.
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22
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Pramual S, Lirdprapamongkol K, Svasti J, Bergkvist M, Jouan-Hureaux V, Arnoux P, Frochot C, Barberi-Heyob M, Niamsiri N. Polymer-lipid-PEG hybrid nanoparticles as photosensitizer carrier for photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 173:12-22. [PMID: 28554072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-lipid-PEG hybrid nanoparticles were investigated as carriers for the photosensitizer (PS), 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (pTHPP) for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). A self-assembled nanoprecipitation technique was used for preparing two types of core polymers poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with lipid-PEG as stabilizer. The resulting nanoparticles had an average particle size of 88.5±3.4nm for PLGA and 215.0±6.3nm for PHBV. Both nanoparticles exhibited a core-shell structure under TEM with high zeta potential and loading efficiency. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that the encapsulated pTHPP molecules in polymeric nanoparticles no longer had peaks of free pTHPP in the crystalline state. The pTHPP molecules encapsulated inside the polymeric core demonstrated improved photophysical properties in terms of singlet oxygen generation and cellular uptake rate in a FTC-133 human thyroid carcinoma cell line, compared to non-encapsulated pTHPP. The pTHPP-loaded polymer-lipid-PEG nanoparticles showed better in vitro phototoxicity compared to free pTHPP, in both time- and concentration-dependent manners. Overall, this study provides detailed analysis of the photophysical properties of pTHPP molecules when entrapped within either PLGA or PHBV nanoparticle cores, and demonstrates the effectiveness of these systems for delivery of photosensitizers. The two polymeric systems may have different potential benefits, when used with cancer cells. For instance, the pTHPP-loaded PLGA system requires only a short time to show a PDT effect and may be suitable for topical PDT, while the delayed photo-induced cytotoxic effect of the pTHPP-loaded PHBV system may be more suitable for cancer solid tumors. Hence, both pTHPP-encapsulated polymer-lipid-PEG nanoparticles can be considered promising delivery systems for PDT cancer treatment.
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23
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You C, Yu J, Sun Y, Luo Y, Zhang X, Zhu J, Sun B. Enhanced cytotoxicity by a benzothiazole-containing cisplatin derivative in breast cancer cells. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synergic acting cisplatin derivative, made via conjugating CJM126 with cisplatin, was synthesized and delivered using liposomes to inhibit tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Yanghui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health
- School of Pathology
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing 210093
- P. R. China
| | - Baiwang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210089
- P. R. China
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24
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Xue X, Zhu C, Chen H, Bai Y, Shi X, Jiao Y, Chen Z, Miao Y, He W, Guo Z. A New Approach to Sensitize Antitumor Monofunctional Platinum(II) Complexes via Short Time Photo-Irradiation. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:3754-3762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Xue
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Huachao Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Miao
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory
of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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25
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Chowdhury SM, Xie S, Fang J, Lee SK, Sitharaman B. Nanoparticle-Facilitated Membrane Depolarization-Induced Receptor Activation: Implications on Cellular Uptake and Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2153-2161. [PMID: 33465891 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-specific uptake of drug delivery systems (DDSs) are crucial to achieve optimal efficacy of many drugs. Widely employed strategies to facilitate targeted intracellular drug delivery involves attachment of targeting ligands (peptides or antibodies) to DDSs. Target receptors mutations can limit the effectiveness of this approach. Herein, we demonstrate, through in vitro inhibitory and drug delivery studies, that graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), water dispersed with the amphiphilic polymer called PEG-DSPE ((1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [amino (polyethylene glycol)]) (induce membrane depolarization-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. This phenomenon is ligand-independent and EGFR activation occurs via influx of Ca2+ ions from the extracellular space. We further provide evidence, through in vivo studies, that this mechanism could be exploited to facilitate efficacious drug delivery into tumors that overexpress EGFR. The results suggest that transient membrane depolarization-facilitated cell receptor activation can be employed as an alternate strategy for enhanced intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mullick Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Shawn Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Justin Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Stephen K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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26
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Yue X, Lukowski JK, Weaver EM, Skube SB, Hummon AB. Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Comparison of 2D and 3D Colon Cancer Cell Culture Models. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4265-4276. [PMID: 27696853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures are widely used model systems. Some immortalized cell lines can be grown in either two-dimensional (2D) adherent monolayers or in three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates, or spheroids. Here, the quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome of colon carcinoma HT29 cells cultures in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids were compared with a stable isotope labeling of amino acids (SILAC) labeling strategy. Two biological replicates from each sample were examined, and notable differences in both the proteome and the phosphoproteome were determined by nanoliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess how growth configuration affects molecular expression. A total of 5867 protein groups, including 2523 phosphoprotein groups and 8733 phosphopeptides were identified in the samples. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed enriched GO terms in the 3D samples for RNA binding, nucleic acid binding, enzyme binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, and histone binding for their molecular functions (MF) and in the process of cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and DNA metabolic process for the biological process (BP). The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 3D cultures are enriched for oxidative phosphorylation pathways, metabolic pathways, peroxisome pathways, and biosynthesis of amino acids. In contrast, analysis of the phosphoproteomes indicated that 3D cultures have decreased phosphorylation correlating with slower growth rates and lower cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. In sum, these results provide quantitative assessments of the effects on the proteome and phosphoproteome of culturing cells in 2D versus 3D cell culture configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jessica K Lukowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eric M Weaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Susan B Skube
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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27
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Ramogida CF, Murphy L, Cawthray JF, Ross JD, Adam MJ, Orvig C. Novel “bi-modal” H 2 dedpa derivatives for radio- and fluorescence imaging. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Garai A, Pant I, Banerjee S, Banik B, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Photorelease and Cellular Delivery of Mitocurcumin from Its Cytotoxic Cobalt(III) Complex in Visible Light. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6027-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Garai
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ila Pant
- Department
of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department
of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department
of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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29
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Lowe JA, Stacey OJ, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Pope SJ. Alkyl chain functionalised, cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes: Syntheses, luminescence properties and X-ray crystal structure. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Ong JX, Yap JY, Yap SQ, Ang WH. Structure-activity relationship studies on rhodamine B-based fluorogenic probes and their activation by anticancer platinum(II) compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:272-278. [PMID: 26518138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has emerged as an attractive technique for imaging intracellular Pt species arising from exposure to clinical anticancer drugs such as cisplatin. A rhodamine-B based fluorogenic probe termed Rho-DDTC can be activated selectively in the presence of Pt(II) compounds, and possesses the ability to discriminate Pt(II) species from Pt(IV) carboxylate prodrug complexes, thereby providing a unique platform to investigate the reduction of these Pt(IV) complexes after cell entry. In this report, we seek to establish the mechanism of activation of Rho-DDTC through a structure-activity relationship study on its structural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiang Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jian Yu Yap
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Siew Qi Yap
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful label-free technique for the investigation of the spatial distribution of molecules at complex surfaces and has been widely used in the pharmaceutical sciences to understand the distribution of different drugs and their metabolites in various biological samples, ranging from cell-based models to tissues. Here, we review the current applications of MSI for drug studies in animal models, followed by a discussion of the novel advances of MSI in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures for accurate, efficient, and high-throughput analyses to evaluate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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32
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Sun L, Li G, Chen X, Chen Y, Jin C, Ji L, Chao H. Azo-Based Iridium(III) Complexes as Multicolor Phosphorescent Probes to Detect Hypoxia in 3D Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14837. [PMID: 26423609 DOI: 10.1038/srep14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important characteristic of malignant solid tumors and is considered as a possible causative factor for serious resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The exploration of novel fluorescent probes capable of detecting hypoxia in solid tumors will aid tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we reported the design and synthesis of a series of "off-on" phosphorescence probes for hypoxia detection in adherent and three-dimensional multicellular spheroid models. All of the iridium(III) complexes incorporate an azo group as an azo-reductase reactive moiety to detect hypoxia. Reduction of non-phosphorescent probes Ir1-Ir8 by reductases under hypoxic conditions resulted in the generation of highly phosphorescent corresponding amines for detection of hypoxic regions. Moreover, these probes can penetrate into 3D multicellular spheroids over 100 μm and image the hypoxic regions. Most importantly, these probes display a high selectivity for the detection of hypoxia in 2D cells and 3D multicellular spheroids.
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Abstract
A more relevant in vitro cell culture model that closely mimics tumor biology and provides better predictive information on anticancer therapies has been the focus of much attention in recent years. We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) human tumor cell culture model that attempts to recreate the in vivo microenvironment and tumor biology in a miniaturized 384-well plate format. This model aims to exploit the potential of 3D cell culture as a screening tool for novel therapeutics for discovery programs. Here we have evaluated a Matrigel™ based induction of 3D tumor formation using standard labware and plate reading equipment. We have demonstrated that with an optimized protocol, reproducible proliferation, and cell viability data can be obtained across a range of cell lines and reagent batches. A panel of reference drugs was used to validate the suitability of the assays for a high throughput drug discovery program. Indicators of assay reproducibility, such as Z'-factor and coefficient of variation, as well as dose response curves confirmed the robustness of the assays. Several methods of drug activity determination were examined, including metabolic and imaging based assays. These data demonstrate this model as a robust tool for drug discovery bridging the gap between monolayer cell culture and animal models, providing insights into drug efficacy at an earlier time point, ultimately reducing costs and high attrition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Lovitt
- Discovery Biology, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University , Nathan, Australia
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Gong X, Lin C, Cheng J, Su J, Zhao H, Liu T, Wen X, Zhao P. Generation of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids with Microwell-Based Agarose Scaffolds for Drug Testing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130348. [PMID: 26090664 PMCID: PMC4474551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional multicellular aggregate, also referred to as cell spheroid or microtissue, is an indispensable tool for in vitro evaluating antitumor activity and drug efficacy. Compared with classical cellular monolayer, multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) offers a more rational platform to predict in vivo drug efficacy and toxicity. Nevertheless, traditional processing methods such as plastic dish culture with nonadhesive surfaces are regularly time-consuming, laborious and difficult to provide uniform-sized spheroids, thus causing poor reproducibility of experimental data and impeding high-throughput drug screening. In order to provide a robust and effective platform for in vitro drug evaluation, we present an agarose scaffold prepared with the template containing uniform-sized micro-wells in commercially available cell culture plates. The agarose scaffold allows for good adjustment of MCTS size and large-scale production of MCTS. Transparent agarose scaffold also allows for monitoring of spheroid formation under an optical microscopy. The formation of MCTS from MCF-7 cells was prepared using different-size-well templates and systematically investigated in terms of spheroid growth curve, circularity, and cell viability. The doxorubicin cytotoxicity against MCF-7 spheroid and MCF-7 monolayer cells was compared. The drug penetration behavior, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis, and gene expression were also evaluated in MCF-7 spheroid. The findings of this study indicate that, compared with cellular monolayer, MCTS provides a valuable platform for the assessment of therapeutic candidates in an in vivo-mimic microenvironment, and thus has great potential for use in drug discovery and tumor biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JS); (PZ)
| | - Hang Zhao
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tianlin Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JS); (PZ)
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35
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Shi G, Monro S, Hennigar R, Colpitts J, Fong J, Kasimova K, Yin H, DeCoste R, Spencer C, Chamberlain L, Mandel A, Lilge L, McFarland SA. Ru(II) dyads derived from α-oligothiophenes: A new class of potent and versatile photosensitizers for PDT. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Abstract
A fluorescein derivative exhibits increased fluorescence selectively in response to monofunctional platinum complexes, and can be used to study the metabolism of platinum-based chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Shen
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - Benjamin D. W. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Medical Sciences
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Kellie A. Charles
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Medical Sciences
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
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37
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Stacey OJ, Amoroso AJ, Platts JA, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Lloyd D, Williams CF, Hayes AJ, Dunsford JJ, Pope SJA. Water soluble, cyclometalated Pt(ii)–Ln(iii) conjugates towards novel bimodal imaging agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12305-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A heterometallic, water soluble PtII–GdIII complex possesses visible luminescence and enhanced water relaxivity whilst showing promise and application in cell imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter N. Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK SO17 1BJ
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK SO17 1BJ
| | - David Lloyd
- School of Biosciences
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK CF10 3AT
| | | | - Anthony J. Hayes
- School of Biosciences
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK CF10 3AT
| | - Jay J. Dunsford
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK M13 9PL
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Langdon-Jones EE, Symonds NO, Yates SE, Hayes AJ, Lloyd D, Williams R, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Pope SJ. Fluorescent Rhenium-Naphthalimide Conjugates as Cellular Imaging Agents. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3788-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500142z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Langdon-Jones
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Nadine O. Symonds
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Sara E. Yates
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Anthony J. Hayes
- School
of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - David Lloyd
- School
of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Rebecca Williams
- School
of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National
Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - Peter N. Horton
- National
Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, England, U.K
| | - Simon J.A. Pope
- School
of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
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40
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Bryce NS, Pham BTT, Fong NWS, Jain N, Pan EH, Whan RM, Hambley TW, Hawkett BS. The composition and end-group functionality of sterically stabilized nanoparticles enhances the effectiveness of co-administered cytotoxins. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1260-1272. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Rejniak KA, Estrella V, Chen T, Cohen AS, Lloyd MC, Morse DL. The role of tumor tissue architecture in treatment penetration and efficacy: an integrative study. Front Oncol 2013; 3:111. [PMID: 23717812 PMCID: PMC3650652 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great progress that has been made in understanding cancer biology and the potential molecular targets for its treatment, the majority of drugs fail in the clinical trials. This may be attributed (at least in part) to the complexity of interstitial drug transport in the patient’s body, which is hard to test experimentally. Similarly, recent advances in molecular imaging have led to the development of targeted biomarkers that can predict pharmacological responses to therapeutic interventions. However, both the drug and biomarker molecules need to access the tumor tissue and be taken up into individual cells in concentrations sufficient to exert the desired effect. To investigate the process of drug penetration at the mesoscopic level we developed a computational model of interstitial transport that incorporates the biophysical properties of the tumor tissue, including its architecture and interstitial fluid flow, as well as the properties of the agents. This model is based on the method of regularized Stokeslets to describe the fluid flow coupled with discrete diffusion-advection-reaction equations to model the dynamics of the drugs. Our results show that the tissue cellular porosity and density influence the depth of penetration in a non-linear way, with sparsely packed tissues being traveled through more slowly than the denser tissues. We demonstrate that irregularities in the cell spatial configurations result in the formation of interstitial corridors that are followed by agents leading to the emergence of tissue zones with less exposure to the drugs. We describe how the model can be integrated with in vivo experiments to test the extravasation and penetration of the targeted biomarkers through the tumor tissue. A better understanding of tissue- or compound-specific factors that limit the penetration through the tumors is important for non-invasive diagnoses, chemotherapy, the monitoring of treatment responses, and the detection of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Rejniak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
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42
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Renfrew AK, Bryce NS, Hambley TW. Delivery and release of curcumin by a hypoxia-activated cobalt chaperone: a XANES and FLIM study. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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43
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Yamamoto N, Renfrew AK, Kim BJ, Bryce NS, Hambley TW. Dual targeting of hypoxic and acidic tumor environments with a cobalt(III) chaperone complex. J Med Chem 2012. [PMID: 23199008 DOI: 10.1021/jm3014713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of prodrugs for selective accumulation and activation in tumor microenvironments is one of the most promising strategies for minimizing the toxicity of anticancer drugs. Manipulation of the charge of the prodrug represents a potential mechanism to selectively deliver the prodrug to the acidic tumor microenvironment. Here we present delivery of a fluorescent coumarin using a cobalt(III) chaperone to target hypoxic regions, and charged ligands for pH selectivity. Protonation or deprotonation of the complexes over a physiologically relevant pH range resulted in pH dependent accumulation of the fluorophore in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, in a spheroid solid tumor model, the anionic complexes exhibited preferential release of the fluorophore in the acidic/hypoxic region. By fine-tuning the physicochemical properties of the cobalt-chaperone moiety, we have demonstrated selective drug release in the acidic and hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuho Yamamoto
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, 412C F11, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
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44
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Mehta G, Hsiao AY, Ingram M, Luker GD, Takayama S. Opportunities and challenges for use of tumor spheroids as models to test drug delivery and efficacy. J Control Release 2012; 164:192-204. [PMID: 22613880 PMCID: PMC3436947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids are three dimensional in vitro microscale tissue analogs. The current article examines the suitability of spheroids as an in vitro platform for testing drug delivery systems. Spheroids model critical physiologic parameters present in vivo, including complex multicellular architecture, barriers to mass transport, and extracellular matrix deposition. Relative to two-dimensional cultures, spheroids also provide better target cells for drug testing and are appropriate in vitro models for studies of drug penetration. Key challenges associated with creation of uniformly sized spheroids, spheroids with small number of cells and co-culture spheroids are emphasized in the article. Moreover, the assay techniques required for the characterization of drug delivery and efficacy in spheroids and the challenges associated with such studies are discussed. Examples for the use of spheroids in drug delivery and testing are also emphasized. By addressing these challenges with possible solutions, multicellular spheroids are becoming an increasingly useful in vitro tool for drug screening and delivery to pathological tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
| | - Amy Y. Hsiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
| | - Marylou Ingram
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, CA, 91101-1830
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099
- Division of Nano-Bio and Chemical Engineering, WCU Project, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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45
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Zhang JZ, Bryce NS, Lanzirotti A, Chen CKJ, Paterson D, de Jonge MD, Howard DL, Hambley TW. Getting to the core of platinum drug bio-distributions: the penetration of anti-cancer platinum complexes into spheroid tumour models. Metallomics 2012; 4:1209-17. [PMID: 23086354 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Elemental mapping and fluorescence imaging techniques are frequently employed to probe the distribution of platinum-based chemotherapeutics within biological systems. Although useful, these techniques have unique limitations: elemental mapping methods, such as those that use particle beams, typically require rigorous sample preparation that can alter chemical distributions, whilst in situ visible fluorescence studies require fluorescent-tagging of the platinum component and may be confounded by factors such as ligand loss. The present study aimed to establish reliable methods for accurately probing the bio-distribution of platinum compounds within the model tumour micro-environment of the well characterised DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell spheroids. 3D X-ray fluorescence computed micro-tomography (XRF-CT) was performed on intact untreated spheroids to determine the effect of physical sectioning and chemical fixation on elemental distributions. It was revealed for the first time that cisplatin can readily penetrate through DLD-1 spheroids and accumulate in the central hypoxic and necrotic regions of the spheroids. Furthermore, formalin fixing was shown to cause significant changes to the distributions and concentrations of the elements, particularly in the cases of platinum and zinc. This effect was not observed in the cryo-fixed and cryo-sectioned samples. X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) was used to re-examine the fate of platinum in the previously reported fluorescence distribution studies of platinum(ii) complexes tagged with fluorescent anthraquinone moieties. In contrast to the fluorescence distributions, in which fluorescence was observed predominantly around the periphery of the spheroids, the XFM revealed a high level of platinum in the spheroid centre, indicating that ligand exchange occurred within the peripheral cell layers. Both the platinum maps and the fluorescence images exhibit similar diffusion trends, supporting the conclusion that charge on the compound can slow cellular uptake can enhance tumour penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Z Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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46
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Zhao J, Gou S, Sun Y, Fang L, Wang Z. Antitumor Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Platinum-Based Moieties of Present Platinum Drugs and Furoxan Groups as Nitric Oxide Donors: Synthesis, DNA Interaction, and Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:10317-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301374z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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47
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Balasingham RG, Williams CF, Mottram HJ, Coogan MP, Pope SJA. Gold(I) Complexes Derived from Alkynyloxy-Substituted Anthraquinones: Syntheses, Luminescence, Preliminary Cytotoxicity, and Cell Imaging Studies. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300475y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Balasingham
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT,
Cymru/Wales
| | - Catrin F. Williams
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT,
Cymru/Wales
| | - Huw J. Mottram
- School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff CF10
3NB, Cymru/Wales
| | - Michael P. Coogan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT,
Cymru/Wales
| | - Simon J. A. Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT,
Cymru/Wales
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Zhang JZ, Bryce NS, Siegele R, Carter EA, Paterson D, de Jonge MD, Howard DL, Ryan CG, Hambley TW. The use of spectroscopic imaging and mapping techniques in the characterisation and study of DLD-1 cell spheroid tumour models. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:1072-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Z. Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. Fax: +61-2-9351-3329; Tel: +61-2-9351-3320
| | - Nicole S. Bryce
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. Fax: +61-2-9351-3329; Tel: +61-2-9351-3320
| | - Rainer Siegele
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Carter
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Facility, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Martin D. de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Daryl L. Howard
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Chris G. Ryan
- CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Australia
| | - Trevor W. Hambley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. Fax: +61-2-9351-3329; Tel: +61-2-9351-3320
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Yamamoto N, Bryce NS, Metzler-Nolte N, Hambley TW. Effects of enzymatic activation on the distribution of fluorescently tagged MMP-2 cleavable peptides in cancer cells and spheroids. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1110-8. [PMID: 22621307 DOI: 10.1021/bc200561n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A peptide tagged at the N-terminus with FITC, at the C-terminus with coumarin-343, and incorporating a sequence selectively cleaved by the matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-2, was synthesized to investigate the effect of peptide cleavage on both cellular accumulation and distribution in cancer cell spheroids. The peptide was shown by HPLC and mass spectroscopy to be cleaved in the presence of MMP-2 at the expected site. The cellular and spheroid distribution of each of the fragments was monitored using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The intact peptide had minimal accumulation in 2D-cultured DLD-1 cells that do not express MMP-2 in these conditions. Following addition of serum containing MMP-2 to the cell media, the cleaved C-terminal fragment was seen to enter the cells, while the N-terminal fragment remained extracellular, evidently blocked by the presence of the FITC group. 3D culture of DLD-1 cells as spheroids resulted in measurable MMP-2 activity. Different distribution patterns of the two fluorophores were seen in spheroids treated with the intact peptide, consistent with cleavage occurring. Different rates of accumulation of each of the fragments were observed within the spheroid over time, which is attributed to the extent of accumulation and sequestration of the fragments by cells residing in the periphery of the spheroids. The outcomes suggest that tumor-associated enzymes have the potential to modify the distribution of peptides and peptide fragments in solid tumors by modifying the cellular uptake of those peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuho Yamamoto
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
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50
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Abstract
Poor penetration of anticancer drags into solid tumors significantly limits their efficacy. This phenomenon has long been observed for small-molecule chemotherapeutics, and it can be even more pronounced for nanoscale therapies. Nanoparticles have enormous potential for the treatment of cancer due to their wide applicability as drug delivery and imaging vehicles and their size-dependent accumulation into solid tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Further, synthetic nanoparticles can be engineered to overcome barriers to drag delivery. Despite their promise for the treatment of cancer, relatively little work has been done to study and improve their ability to diffuse into solid tumors following passive accumulation in the tumor vasculature. In this review, we present the complex issues governing efficient penetration of nanoscale therapies into solid tumors. The current methods available to researchers to study nanoparticle penetration into malignant tumors are described, and the most recent works studying the penetration of nanoscale materials into solid tumors are summarized. We conclude with an overview of the important nanoparticle design parameters governing their tumor penetration, as well as by highlighting critical directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Waite
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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