1
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Qiao S, Mamuti M, An H, Wang H. Thermoresponsive Polymer Assemblies: From Molecular Design to Theranostics Application. Prog Polym Sci 2022; 131:101578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Chen R, Xiang Z, Xia Y, Ma Z, Shi Q, Wong S, Yin J. Thermal and Reactive Oxygen Species Dual‐Responsive OEGylated Polysulfides with Oxidation‐Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000206. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runhai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zehong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230027 P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shing‐Chung Wong
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Akron Akron OH 44325‐3903 USA
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
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3
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Altinbasak I, Arslan M, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Pyridyl disulfide-based thiol–disulfide exchange reaction: shaping the design of redox-responsive polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of synthetic approaches utilized to incorporate the thiol-reactive pyridyl-disulfide motif into various polymeric materials, and briefly highlights its utilization to obtain functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Arslan
- Yalova University
- Faculty of Engineering
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry
- Bogazici University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry
- Bogazici University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies
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4
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Gibson RR, Armes SP, Musa OM, Fernyhough A. End-group ionisation enables the use of poly(N-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone) as an electrosteric stabiliser block for polymerisation-induced self-assembly in aqueous media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
End-group ionisation enables use of PNMEP as a steric stabiliser in aqueous PISA: colloidal stability depends on solution pH, with flocculation occurring below pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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5
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Ren H, Qiu XP, Shi Y, Yang P, Winnik FM. Light, temperature, and pH control of aqueous azopyridine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) solutions. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Azopyridines (AzPy) act as light-sensitive groups that undergo reversible cis–trans isomerization upon UV irradiation, as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and as ionizable moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
| | - Xing-Ping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Montreal
- CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710119
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- PB 55
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki FI00140
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6
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Wu Y, Cai Z, Wu S, Xiong W, Ma S. Protein purification by chemo-selective precipitation using thermoresponsive polymers. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23222. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzi Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Zhen Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Shuigen Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Wenli Xiong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Shanyun Ma
- College of Biological Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
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7
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Abstract
Intracellular construction of nanoaggregates from synthetic molecules to mimic natural ordered superstructures has gained increasing attention recently. Here, we develop an endogenous stimuli-induced aggregation (eSIA) approach to construct functional nanoaggregates for sensing and monitoring cellular physiological processes in situ. We design a series of thermosensitive polymer-peptide conjugates (PPCs), which are capable of constructing nanoaggregates in cells based on their isothermal phase transition property. The PPCs are composed of three moieties (i.e., a thermoresponsive polymer backbone, a grafted peptide, and a signal-molecule label). The bioenvironment-associated phase transition behavior of PPCs are carefully studied by consideration of various crucial parameters such as chain length, hydrophilicity, ratio of grafted peptides, and concentration. Intriguingly, under the specific intracellular stimulus, the PPCs are tailored and simultaneously form nanoaggregates exhibiting long-term retention effect, which enables specific identification and quantification of endogenous factors. This general approach is expected for high-performance in situ sensing and dynamic monitoring of disease progression in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lin Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ma
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Xin Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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8
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9
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Abstract
Materials which respond to biological cues are the subject of intense research interest due to their possible application in smart drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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10
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Lovett J, Warren NJ, Armes SP. Order-Order Morphological Transitions for Dual Stimulus Responsive Diblock Copolymer Vesicles. Macromolecules 2016; 49:1016-1025. [PMID: 26937051 PMCID: PMC4762544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of non-ionic poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymer vesicles has been prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of HPMA at 70 °C at low pH using a carboxylic acid-based chain transfer agent. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the PGMA block was fixed at 43, and the DP of the PHPMA block was systematically varied from 175 to 250 in order to target vesicle phase space. Based on our recent work describing the analogous PGMA-PHPMA diblock copolymer worms [Lovett J. R.; Angew. Chem.2015, 54, 1279-1283], such diblock copolymer vesicles were expected to undergo an order-order morphological transition via ionization of the carboxylic acid end-group on switching the solution pH. Indeed, irreversible vesicle-to-sphere and vesicle-to-worm transitions were observed for PHPMA DPs of 175 and 200, respectively, as judged by turbidimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. However, such morphological transitions are surprisingly slow, with relatively long time scales (hours) being required at 20 °C. Moreover, no order-order morphological transitions were observed for vesicles comprising longer membrane-forming blocks (e.g., PGMA43-PHPMA225-250) on raising the pH from pH 3.5 to pH 6.0. However, in such cases the application of a dual stimulus comprising the same pH switch immediately followed by cooling from 20 to 5 °C, induces an irreversible vesicle-to-sphere transition. Finally, TEM and DLS studies conducted in the presence of 100 mM KCl demonstrated that the pH-responsive behavior arising from end-group ionization could be suppressed in the presence of added electrolyte. This is because charge screening suppresses the subtle change in the packing parameter required to drive the morphological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
R. Lovett
- Dainton
Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Dainton
Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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11
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Luan B, Muir BW, Zhu J, Hao X. A RAFT copolymerization of NIPAM and HPMA and evaluation of thermo-responsive properties of poly(NIPAM-co-HPMA). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22722h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
66 (co)polymers of NIPAM and HPMA with varying MW, composition, and end functionality were synthesized by RAFT polymerization and their thermo-responsive properties were systematically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Luan
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton
- Australia
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Jin Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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12
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Lovett JR, Warren NJ, Ratcliffe LPD, Kocik MK, Armes SP. pH-responsive non-ionic diblock copolymers: ionization of carboxylic acid end-groups induces an order-order morphological transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:1279-83. [PMID: 25418214 PMCID: PMC4312895 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A carboxylic acid based reversible additionfragmentation transfer (RAFT) agent is used to prepare gels composed of worm-like diblock copolymers using two non-ionic monomers, glycerol monomethacrylate (GMA) and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). Ionization of the carboxylic acid end-group on the PGMA stabilizer block induces a worm-to-sphere transition, which in turn causes immediate degelation. This morphological transition is fully reversible as determined by TEM and rheology studies and occurs because of a subtle change in the packing parameter for the copolymer chains. A control experiment where the methyl ester derivative of the RAFT agent is used to prepare the same diblock copolymer confirms that no pH-responsive behavior occurs in this case. This end-group ionization approach is important for the design of new pH-responsive copolymer nano-objects as, unlike polyacids or polybases, only a minimal amount of added base (or acid) is required to drive the morphological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Lovett
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of SheffieldSheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of SheffieldSheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Liam P D Ratcliffe
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of SheffieldSheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Marzena K Kocik
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of SheffieldSheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF (UK)
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of SheffieldSheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF (UK)
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13
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Quek JY, Liu X, Davis TP, Roth PJ, Lowe AB. RAFT-prepared α-difunctional poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone)s and their derivatives: synthesis and effect of end-groups on aqueous inverse temperature solubility. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five R-group di-functional dithiobenzoates have been prepared and used in the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang Quek
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Xuechao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Peter J. Roth
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design
- UNSW Australia
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
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14
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Towards being genuinely smart: ‘isothermally-responsive’ polymers as versatile, programmable scaffolds for biologically-adaptable materials. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymers are of broad interest in a range of biomedical and biotechnological fields. This review summaries the use of ‘isothermal’ transitions where thermo-responsive polymers are re-programmed to respond to other stimuli, but with the same outputs, with the aim of making them ‘smarter’.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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15
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Abstract
Tunable thermoresponsive polymers, based on RAFT derived poly(vinyl alcohol) are shown as an alternative to more commonly used responsive polymers.
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16
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Phillips DJ, Prokes I, Davies GL, Gibson MI. Isothermally-Responsive Polymers Triggered by Selective Binding of Fe 3+ to Siderophoric Catechol End-Groups. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1225-1229. [PMID: 35610830 DOI: 10.1021/mz500686w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers have attracted huge interest as a way of developing smart/adaptable materials for biomedicine, particularly due to changes in their solubility above the LCST. However, temperature is not always an appropriate or desirable stimulus given the variety of other cellular microenvironments that exist, including pH, redox potentials, ionic strength, and metal ion concentration. Here, we achieve a highly specific, isothermal solubility switch for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by application of ferric iron (Fe3+), a species implicated in a range of neurodegenerative conditions. This is achieved by the site-specific incorporation of (Fe3+-binding) catechol units onto the polymer chain-end, inspired by the mechanism by which bacterial siderophores sequester iron from mammalian hosts. The ability to manipulate the hydrophilicity of responsive systems without the need for a temperature gradient offers an exciting approach toward preparing increasingly selective, targeted polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Prokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma-Louise Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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17
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Lovett JR, Warren NJ, Ratcliffe LPD, Kocik MK, Armes SP. pH-Responsive Non-Ionic Diblock Copolymers: Ionization of Carboxylic Acid End-Groups Induces an Order-Order Morphological Transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Redox-sensitive materials for drug delivery: targeting the correct intracellular environment, tuning release rates, and appropriate predictive systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:786-803. [PMID: 24219144 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The development of responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) holds great promise as a tool for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of drug compounds. Redox-sensitive systems are particularly attractive given the rich variety of redox gradients present in vivo. These gradients, where the circulation is generally considered oxidizing and the cellular environment is substantially more reducing, provide attractive options for targeted, specific cargo delivery. RECENT ADVANCES Experimental evidence suggests that a "one size fits all" redox gradient does not exist. Rather, there are subtle differences in redox potential within a cell, while the chemical nature of reducing agents in these microenvironments varies. Recent works have demonstrated an ability to modulate the degradation rate of redox-susceptible groups and, hence, provide new tools to engineer precision-targeted DDS. CRITICAL ISSUES Modern synthetic and macromolecular chemistry provides access to a wide range of redox-susceptible architectures. However, in order to utilize these in real applications, the actual chemical nature of the redox-susceptible group, the sub-cellular location being targeted, and the redox microenvironment being encountered should be considered in detail. This is critical to avoid the over-simplification possible when using non-biological reducing agents, which may provide inaccurate kinetic information, and to ensure these materials can be advanced beyond simple "on/off" systems. Furthermore, a strong case can be made for the use of biorelevant reducing agents such as glutathione when demonstrating a materials redox response. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A further understanding of the complexities of the extra- and intracellular microenvironments would greatly assist with the design and application of DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
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19
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Yuan J, Xu W, Chen J, Zhao J, Mu Y, Wu Y. Dual passively active tumor-targeting micelles for pH-triggered intracellular anticancer drug release. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911514542899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel passive–active dual tumor-targeting micelles for pH-triggered intracellular nitrogen mustard release were developed based on hydrophobic cores conjugated with anticancer drugs and shells functionalized with folic acid ligands for tumor cell targeting. The amphiphilic triblock copolymer, 4-( bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)benzaldehyde, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, and folic acid copolymer (poly(mustard-acetal)- b-PHPMA- b-PFA), was synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The amphiphilic copolymer was subsequently self-assembled into nanosized micelles of 83 nm with the nitrogen mustard drug safely encapsulated in the core. The cleavage of anticancer drug within the cores of micelles was effectively actuated under biologically relevant conditions, mildly acidic microenvironments (endosomal/lysosomal pH in the cytosol). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and fluorescence microscopy image analysis revealed that folate-conjugated nanosized micelles exhibited at least ~2.2-fold higher cellular uptake than folate unconjugated micelles against KB cells overexpressing folate receptors on the surface. Thus, poly(mustard-acetal)- b-PHPMA- b-PFA micelles could potentially be used as a promising system for triggering the release of nitrogen mustard drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanqiong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Wu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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20
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21
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Lam CN, Kim M, Thomas CS, Chang D, Sanoja GE, Okwara CU, Olsen BD. The nature of protein interactions governing globular protein-polymer block copolymer self-assembly. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1248-58. [PMID: 24654888 DOI: 10.1021/bm401817p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of protein surface potential on the self-assembly of protein-polymer block copolymers are investigated in globular proteins with controlled shape through two approaches: comparison of self-assembly of mCherry-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) bioconjugates with structurally homologous enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-PNIPAM bioconjugates, and mutants of mCherry with altered electrostatic patchiness. Despite large changes in amino acid sequence, the temperature-concentration phase diagrams of EGFP-PNIPAM and mCherry-PNIPAM conjugates have similar phase transition concentrations. Both materials form identical phases at two different coil fractions below the PNIPAM thermal transition temperature and in the bulk. However, at temperatures above the thermoresponsive transition, mCherry conjugates form hexagonal phases at high concentrations while EGFP conjugates form a disordered micellar phase. At lower concentration, mCherry shows a two-phase region while EGFP forms homogeneous disordered micellar structures, reflecting the effect of changes in micellar stability. Conjugates of four mCherry variants with changes to their electrostatic surface patchiness also showed minimal change in phase behavior, suggesting that surface patchiness has only a small effect on the self-assembly process. Measurements of protein/polymer miscibility, second virial coefficients, and zeta potential show that these coarse-grained interactions are similar between mCherry and EGFP, indicating that coarse-grained interactions largely capture the relevant physics for soluble, monomeric globular protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Phillips DJ, Patterson JP, O'Reilly RK, Gibson MI. Glutathione-triggered disassembly of isothermally responsive polymer nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation of hydrophilic polymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles obtained by the nanoprecipitation of responsive polymers are shown to specifically and rapidly disassemble into hydrophilic polymer chains in the presence of intracellular concentrations of glutathione.
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Ding Y, Yi Y, Xu H, Wang Z, Zhang X. Redox-responsive thermal sensitivity based on a selenium-containing small molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2585-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schmidt BVKJ, Hetzer M, Ritter H, Barner-Kowollik C. Modulation of the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly(N
,N
-diethylacrylamide) via Cyclodextrin Host/Guest Interactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1306-11. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Martin Hetzer
- Lehrstuhl für Präparative Polymerchemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität; Universitätsstr. 1, Geb. 26.33.00 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Helmut Ritter
- Lehrstuhl für Präparative Polymerchemie, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine Universität; Universitätsstr. 1, Geb. 26.33.00 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Gibson MI, O'Reilly RK. To aggregate, or not to aggregate? considerations in the design and application of polymeric thermally-responsive nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7204-13. [PMID: 23571466 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight some of the challenges in designing thermally responsive nanoparticles, where the responsivity is endowed by a responsive polymeric corona. A review of the literature reveals many contradictory observations upon heating these particles through their transition temperature. Indeed, both an increase in size due to aggregation and particle shrinkage have been reported for apparently similar materials. Furthermore, careful review of the literature shows that responsive nanoparticles do not have the same transition temperature or properties as their constituent polymers. These observations raise serious questions as to how to achieve the rational design of a responsive particle with a predictable and reproducible response. Here we highlight specific cases where conflicting results have been observed for spherical particles and put these results into the context of flat-surface grafted polymer brushes to explain the behaviour in terms of grafting density, curvature, chain end effects and the role of the underlying substrate. A better understanding of these observations should lead to the improved design of nanoparticles with real function and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Biodegradable Poly(disulfide)s Derived from RAFT Polymerization: Monomer Scope, Glutathione Degradation, and Tunable Thermal Responses. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3200-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300989s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4
7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4
7AL, United Kingdom
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