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Zhang Y, Qiu X, Luo J, Li H, How SW, Wu D, He J, Cheng Z, Gao Y, Lu H. A review of the phosphorus removal of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in natural and engineered systems. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169103. [PMID: 38065508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Increasing eutrophication has led to a continuous deterioration of many aquatic ecosystems. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) can provide insight into the human response to this challenge, as they initiate enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) through cyclical anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake. Although the limiting environmental factors for PAO growth and phosphorus removal have been widely discussed, there remains a gap in the knowledge surrounding the differences in the type and phosphorus removal efficiencies of natural and engineered PAO systems. Furthermore, due to the limitations of PAOs in conventional wastewater treatment environments, there is an urgent need to find functional PAOs in extreme environments for better wastewater treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the effects of extreme conditions on the phosphorus removal efficiency of PAOs as well as the types, sources, and characteristics of PAOs. In this paper, we summarize the response mechanisms of PAOs, denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (D-PAOs), aerobic denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (AD-PAOs), and sulfur-related PAOs (S-PAOs). The mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in PAOs is related to the coupling cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The genera of PAOs differ in natural and engineered systems, but PAOs have more diversity in aquatic environments and soils. Recent studies on the impact of several parameters (e.g., temperature, carbon source, pH, and dissolved oxygen) and extracellular polymer substances on the phosphorus removal efficiency of PAOs in natural and engineered systems are further discussed. Most of the PAOs screened under extreme conditions still had high phosphorus removal efficiencies (>80.0 %). These results provide a reference for searching for PAOs with different adaptations to achieve better wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Huishi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Seow-Wah How
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban REsource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent B9000, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban REsource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent B9000, Belgium
| | - Juhua He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yunan Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Yang Q, Shi Y, Xin Y, Yang T, Zhang L, Gu Z, Li Y, Ding Z, Shi G. Insight into the Cold Adaptation Mechanism of an Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium: Bacillus simplex H-b. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0192822. [PMID: 36656033 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01928-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychrophilic bacteria with aerobic denitrification ability have promising potential for application in nitrogen-contaminated wastewater treatment, especially under cold conditions. A better understanding of the cold adaptation mechanism during aerobic denitrification would be beneficial for the practical application of this type of functional bacterium. In this study, Bacillus simplex H-b with good denitrification performance at 5°C was used to investigate the corresponding cold tolerance mechanism. Transcriptomics and nitrogen removal characterization experiments were conducted at different temperatures (5°C, 20°C, and 30°C). At low temperatures, more nitrogen was utilized for assimilation, accompanied by the accumulation of ATP and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), rather than transforming inorganic nitrogen in the dissimilation pathway. In addition, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was higher in strains cultured at low temperatures. At the molecular level, the adjustment of membrane transport, synthesis of cofactors and vitamins, and transcriptional regulators might contribute to the survival of the strain under cold conditions. Moreover, nucleotide precursor synthesis, translation, and oxidative and temperature stress response mechanisms also enhanced the resistance of strain H-b to low temperatures. The results suggest that combining multiple regulatory mechanisms and synergistic adaptation to cold stress enabled the growth and relatively high nitrogen removal rate (27.22%) of strain H-b at 5°C. By clarifying the mechanism of regulation and cold resistance of strain H-b, a theoretical foundation for enhancing the application potential of this functional bacterium for nitrogen-contaminated wastewater treatment was provided. IMPORTANCE The newly isolated aerobic denitrifying bacterium Bacillus simplex H-b removed various forms of inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium) from wastewater, even when the temperature was as low as 5°C. Although this environmentally functional bacterium has been suggested as a promising candidate for nitrogen-contaminated water treatment at low temperatures, understanding its cold adaptation mechanism during aerobic denitrification is limited. In this study, the cold tolerance mechanism of this strain was comprehensively explained. Furthermore, a theoretical basis for the practical application of this type of functional bacterium for nitrogen removal in cold regions is provided. The study expands our understanding of the survival strategy of psychrophilic bacteria and hence supports their further utilization in wastewater treatment applications.
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Duan L, Fan J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xie C, Ye F, Lv J, Mao M, Sun Y. Interaction mechanism between nitrogen conversion and the microbial community in the hydrodynamic heterogeneous interaction zone. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:5799-5814. [PMID: 35980525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To study the inorganic nitrogen in the process of interaction of river and groundwater and the changes in the microbial community, a vertical simulation device was used to simulate groundwater recharge to river water (upwelling) and river water recharge to groundwater (downwelling). The inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the soil and water solution as well as the characteristics of the microbial community were assessed to determine the inorganic nitrogen transformation and microbial community response in the heterogeneous interaction zone under hydrodynamic action, and the interaction mechanism between nitrogen transformation and the microbial community in the interaction zone was revealed. The removal rates of NO3--N in the simulated solution reached 99.1% and 99.3% under the two fluid-groundwater conversion modes, and the prolonged hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the oxidization-reduction layer in the fine clay area and the high organic matter content made the inorganic nitrogen transformation process dominated by microorganisms more complete. The denitrification during upwelling, dominated by denitrifying bacteria in Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Arthrobacter, was stronger than that during downwelling. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), controlled by some aerobic bacteria in Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Desulfovibrio, was more intense in downflow mode than upflow mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Yike Wang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Yakun Wu
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Chenchen Xie
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Fei Ye
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Ming Mao
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Yaqiao Sun
- School of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Underground Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China.
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Díaz-Torres O, Lugo-Melchor OY, de Anda J, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Senés-Guerrero C. Characterizing a subtropical hypereutrophic lake: From physicochemical variables to shotgun metagenomic data. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037626. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lake Cajititlán is a subtropical and endorheic lake, which is heavily impacted by nutrient pollution. Agricultural runoff and poorly treated wastewater have entered this reservoir at alarming rates during past rainy seasons, causing the cultural eutrophication of this body of water and resulting in several massive fish kill events. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to examine the taxonomic and functional structure of microbial communities in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season. Several water quality features and their interactions with microbial communities were also assessed to identify the major factors affecting the water quality and biota, specifically fish species. According to current water quality regulations, most of the physicochemical variables analyzed (dissolved oxygen, pH, Secchi disk, NH4+, NO3−, blue-green algae, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a) were outside of the permissible limits. Planktothrix agardhii and Microcystis aeruginosa were the most abundant phytoplankton species, and the dominant bacterial genera were Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Flavobacterium, with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Aeromonas veronii representing the most abundant bacterial species. All of these microorganisms have been reported to be potentially harmful to fish, and the latter three (P. fluorescens, S. maltophilia, A. veronii) also contain genes associated with pathogenicity in fish mortality (fur, luxS, aer, act, aha, exu, lip, ser). Genetic evidence from the microbial communities analyzed herein reveals that anthropogenic sources of nutrients in the lake altered genes involved in nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and carbon metabolism, mainly at the beginning of the rainy season. These findings suggest that abiotic factors influence the structure of the microbial communities, along with the major biogeochemical cycles of Lake Cajititlán, resulting in temporal variations and an excess of microorganisms that can thrive in high-nutrient and low-oxygen environments. After reviewing the literature, this appears to be the first study that focuses on characterizing the water quality of a subtropical hypereutrophic lake through associations between physicochemical variables and shotgun metagenomic data. In addition, there are few studies that have coupled the metabolism of aquatic ecosystems with nutrient cycles.
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Karuriya S, Choudhary S. Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification potential of Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 isolated from lignite mine waste and its role ammonia removal from mine waste water. Water Sci Technol 2022; 86:3223-3235. [PMID: 36579880 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 was isolated from a lignite mine waste site in the Barmer basin, Rajasthan, India. The strain is efficient in heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. This bacterium could remove approximately more than 95% of NH4+, NO3-, and NO2- in 24 h. The average nitrogen (N) removal rate of the strain was found to be 4.775 mg/L/H, 5.66 mg/L/H, and 5.01 mg/L/H for NH4+, NO3-, and NO2-, respectively. Bioaugmentation of mine wastewater with Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 demonstrated N removal of 86.6% under conditions of a high load of NH4+. The presence of potential genetic determinants (nxrB, nirS, and nosZ) having role in heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification was confirmed by PCR based analysis. The findings show that this bacterium performs simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and has a high nitrogen removal efficiency indicating the potential application of the strain in the treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silisti Karuriya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India E-mail:
| | - Sangeeta Choudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India E-mail:
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Tian J, He F, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Yang C, Gao B, Xu Z, Tian Y. Aerobic Denitrification of Pseudomonas stutzeri yjy-10 and Genomic Analisis of This Process. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pishgar R, Dominic JA, Tay JH, Chu A. Changes in BNR Microbial Community in Response to Different Selection Pressure. Nitrogen 2021; 2:474-90. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated structural changes in microbial community of biological nutrient removal (BNR) in response to changes in substrate composition (ammonium and phosphate), redox condition, and morphological characteristics (flocs to granules), with a focus on nitrification and phosphate removal. Analyzing treatment performance and 16S rRNA phylogenetic gene sequencing data suggested that heterotrophic nitrification (HN) and autotrophic nitrification (AN) potentially happened in aerobic organic-rich (HN_AS) and aerobic organic-deficient (AN_AS) activated sludge batch reactors, respectively. However, phosphate release and uptake were not observed under alternating anaerobic/aerobic regime. Phosphate release could not be induced even when anaerobic phase was extended, although Accumulibacter existed in the inoculum (5.1% of total bacteria). Some potential HN (e.g., Thauera, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium), AN (e.g., Nitrosomonas (3.2%) and Nitrospira), and unconventional phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) were identified. Putative HN bacteria (i.e., Thauera (29–36%) and Flavobacterium (18–25%)) were enriched in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) regardless of the granular reactor operation mode. Enrichment of HN organisms in the AGS was suspected to be mainly due to granulation, possibly due to the floc-forming ability of HN species. Thus, HN is likely to play a role in nitrogen removal in AGS reactors. This study is supposed to serve as a starting point for the investigation of the microbial communities of AS- and AGS-based BNR processes. It is recommended that the identified roles for the isolated bacteria are further investigated in future works.
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Li ZL, Zhu ZL, Lin XQ, Chen F, Li X, Liang B, Huang C, Zhang YM, Sun K, Zhou AN, Wang AJ. Microbial fuel cell-upflow biofilter coupling system for deep denitrification and power recovery: Efficiencies, bacterial succession and interactions. Environ Res 2021; 196:110331. [PMID: 33068576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excess organic carbon is often added to meet denitrification requirements during municipal wastewater treatment, resulting in the carbon waste and increased risk of secondary pollution. In this study, microbial fuel cell (MFC) was coupled with an up-flow denitrification biofilter (BF), and the long-term performances of denitrification and power output were investigated under the different carbon source concentration. With sodium acetate (NaAc) of 600 mg/L and 300 mg/L, the favorable denitrification efficiencies were obtained (98.60%) and the stable current output was maintained (0.44 mÃ0.48 mA). By supplying NaAc of 150 mg/L, the high denitrification efficiency remained in a high range (89.31%) and the current output maintained at 0.12 mA, while, the denitrification efficiency dropped to 71.34% without coupling MFC. Electron balance analysis indicated that both nitrate removal and electron recovery efficiencies were higher in MFC-BF than that in BF, verifying the improved denitrification and carbon utilization performance. Coupling MFC significantly altered the bacterial community structure and composition, and while, the diversified abundance and distribution of bacterial genera were observed at the different locations. Compared with BF, the more exoelectrogenic genera (Desulfobacterium, Trichococcus) and genera holding both denitrifying and electrogenic functions (Dechloromonas, Geobacter) were found dominated in MFC-BF. Instead, the dominating genera in BF were Dechloromonas, Desulfomicrobium, Acidovorax and etc. By coupling MFC, the more complex and diversified network and the closer interaction relationships between the dominant potential functional genera were found. The study provides a feasible approach to effectively improve the denitrification efficiency and organic carbon recovery for deep denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhong-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of China Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of China Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - An-Nan Zhou
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, 3001, Australia
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Bhattacharya R, Mazumder D. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in moving bed bioreactor and other biological systems. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:635-652. [PMID: 33387005 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR), used for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, is a completely mixed attached growth type system that involves microorganisms which grow as biofilm on the surface of the suspended carriers within the reactor. If the biofilm is thick enough, dissolved oxygen in the reactor would not diffuse into deeper strata and thus anoxic/anaerobic condition develops in those regions facilitating growth of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. Autotrophic nitrifiers colonize the outer surface of biofilm in biocarriers as usual. Thus, development of aerobic nitrifying and anoxic denitrifying microorganisms facilitates nitrification and denitrification simultaneously within different zones of the same biofilm. The present paper summarizes the feasibility of nitrogen removal in MBBR systems via autotrophic nitrification followed by heterotrophic denitrification, including various aspects of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process in other biofilm units as well. Apart from that, the areas for further investigation are briefly narrated from studies conducted earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumi Bhattacharya
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711 103, India.
| | - Debabrata Mazumder
- Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711 103, India
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Sang C, Fu Y, Guo S, Luo J, Zhang Q. Isolation and Characterization of an Aerobic Denitrifier Bacillus sp. SC16 from an Intensive Aquaculture Pond. Water 2020; 12:3559. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overloading of ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in aquaculture can result in toxicity to aquatic animals. In order to eliminate the hazardous substances, a highly efficient denitrifying bacterium, Bacillus sp. SC16, was identified in a fishery pond and isolated subsequently. The strain SC16 could remove nitrate up to 97%, ammonia up to 36.6%, and nitrite up to 99.99% when incubated with nitrate at an initial concentration of 306.9 mg·L−1 for 72 h, ammonia at 165.49 mg·L−1 for 48 h, and nitrite at 200 mg·L−1 for 24 h under aerobic conditions. The nitrite reductase gene was identified as the nirK gene. The transcriptional levels of the nirK gene in strain SC16 incubated with ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite showed similar expression patterns. When the strain SC16 was used to treat the aquaculture water, the concentration of ammonia decreased significantly, from 8.35 mg·L−1 to 4.56 mg·L−1, and there was almost no accumulation of nitrite by the end of experiment. Therefore, the results indicated that Bacillus sp. SC16 could be a promising candidate for aquaculture water treatment.
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Unden G, Klein R. Sensing of O 2 and nitrate by bacteria: alternative strategies for transcriptional regulation of nitrate respiration by O 2 and nitrate. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:5-14. [PMID: 33089915 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many bacteria are able to use O2 and nitrate as alternative electron acceptors for respiration. Strategies for regulation in response to O2 and nitrate can vary considerably. In the paradigmatic system of E. coli (and γ-proteobacteria), regulation by O2 and nitrate is established by the O2 -sensor FNR and the two-component system NarX-NarL (for nitrate regulation). Expression of narGHJI is regulated by the binding of FNR and NarL to the promoter. A similar strategy by individual regulation in response to O2 and nitrate is verified in many genera by the use of various types of regulators. Otherwise, in the soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Firmicutes) and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria), nitrate respiration is subject to anaerobic induction, without direct nitrate induction. In contrast, the NreA-NreB-NreC two-component system of Staphylococcus (Firmicutes) performs joint sensing of O2 and nitrate by interacting O2 and nitrate sensors. The O2 -sensor NreB phosphorylates the response regulator NreC to activate narGHJI expression. NreC-P transmits the signal for anaerobiosis to the promoter. The nitrate sensor NreA modulates NreB function by converting NreB in the absence of nitrate from the kinase to a phosphatase that dephosphorylates NreC-P. Thus, widely different strategies for coordinating the response to O2 and nitrate have evolved in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottfried Unden
- Microbiology and Wine Research, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55099, Germany
| | - Robin Klein
- Microbiology and Wine Research, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, 55099, Germany
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Morin L, Goubet A, Madigou C, Pernelle JJ, Palmier K, Labadie K, Lemainque A, Michot O, Astoul L, Barbier P, Almayrac JL, Sghir A. Colonization kinetics and implantation follow-up of the sewage microbiome in an urban wastewater treatment plant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11634. [PMID: 32669657 PMCID: PMC7363871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Seine-Morée wastewater treatment plant (SM_WWTP), with a capacity of 100,000 population-equivalents, was fed with raw domestic wastewater during all of its start-up phase. Its microbiome resulted from the spontaneous evolution of wastewater-borne microorganisms. This rare opportunity allowed us to analyze the sequential microbiota colonization and implantation follow up during the start-up phase of this WWTP by means of regular sampling carried out over 8 months until the establishment of a stable and functional ecosystem. During the study, biological nitrification–denitrification and dephosphatation occurred 68 days after the start-up of the WWTP, followed by flocs decantation 91 days later. High throughput sequencing of 18S and 16S rRNA genes was performed using Illumina's MiSeq and PGM Ion Torrent platforms respectively, generating 584,647 16S and 521,031 18S high-quality sequence rDNA reads. Analyses of 16S and 18S rDNA datasets show three colonization phases occurring concomitantly with nitrification, dephosphatation and floc development processes. Thus, we could define three microbiota profiles that sequentially colonized the SM_WWTP: the early colonizers, the late colonizers and the continuous spectrum population. Shannon and inverse Simpson diversity indices indicate that the highest microbiota diversity was reached at days 133 and 82 for prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively; after that, the structure and complexity of the wastewater microbiome reached its functional stability. This study demonstrates that physicochemical parameters and microbial metabolic interactions are the main forces shaping microbial community structure, gradually building up and maintaining a functionally stable microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Morin
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Anne Goubet
- INRAE, PROSE, Université Paris-Saclay, 92761, Antony, France
| | - Céline Madigou
- INRAE, PROSE, Université Paris-Saclay, 92761, Antony, France
| | | | - Karima Palmier
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Arnaud Lemainque
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Ophélie Michot
- Laboratoire SIAAP Site Seine Amont, Usine Marne Aval, 100 rue de la Plaine, 93160, Noisy-Le-Grand, France
| | - Lucie Astoul
- Laboratoire SIAAP Site Seine Amont, Usine Marne Aval, 100 rue de la Plaine, 93160, Noisy-Le-Grand, France
| | - Paul Barbier
- Génomique métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Luc Almayrac
- Laboratoire SIAAP Site Seine Amont, Usine Marne Aval, 100 rue de la Plaine, 93160, Noisy-Le-Grand, France
| | - Abdelghani Sghir
- Génomique métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France.
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Wigginton SK, Brannon EQ, Kearns PJ, Lancellotti BV, Cox A, Moseman-valtierra S, Loomis GW, Amador JA. Nitrifying and Denitrifying Microbial Communities in Centralized and Decentralized Biological Nitrogen Removing Wastewater Treatment Systems. Water 2020; 12:1688. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) in centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment systems is assumed to be driven by the same microbial processes and to have communities with a similar composition and structure. There is, however, little information to support these assumptions, which may impact the effectiveness of decentralized systems. We used high-throughput sequencing to compare the structure and composition of the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial communities of nine onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) and one wastewater treatment plant (WTP) by targeting the genes coding for ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ). The amoA diversity was similar between the WTP and OWTS, but nosZ diversity was generally higher for the WTP. Beta diversity analyses showed the WTP and OWTS promoted distinct amoA and nosZ communities, although there is a core group of N-transforming bacteria common across scales of BNR treatment. Our results suggest that advanced N-removal OWTS have microbial communities that are sufficiently distinct from those of WTP with BNR, which may warrant different management approaches.
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Zhao B, Dan Q, Guo LJ, An Q, Guo JS. Characterization of an aerobic denitrifier Enterobacter cloacae strain HNR and its nitrate reductase gene. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1775-1784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sima W, Ma R, Yin F, Zou H, Li H, Ai H, Ai T. Prompt nitrogen removal by controlling the oxygen concentration in sediment microbial fuel cell systems: the electrons allocation and its microbial mechanism. Water Sci Technol 2020; 81:1209-1220. [PMID: 32597407 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been proved that the nitrogen can be removed from the sediment in a sediment microbial fuel cell system (SMFCs), but the competition between nitrate and oxygen for electrons would be a key factor that would affect the removal efficiency, and its mechanism is not clear. Based on organic sediment fuel, an SMFC was constructed, and the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrogen transformation and cathodic microbial communities was investigated. The results showed that the best total nitrogen removal efficiency of 60.55% was achieved at DO level of 3 mg/L. High DO concentration affected the removal efficiency through the electrons' competition with nitrate, while low DO concentration suppressed the nitrification. Comamonas, Diaphorobacter and Brevundimonas were the three dominant genera responsible for denitrification at DO concentration of 3 mg/L in this study. The establishment of SMFCs for nitrogen removal by regulating DO level would offer a promising method for sediment treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Sima
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 400045, China
| | - Ruixiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Feixian Yin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Haodong Zou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
| | - Tao Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China E-mail:
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Fang H, Olson BH, Asvapathanagul P, Wang T, Tsai R, Rosso D. Molecular Biomarkers and Influential Factors of Denitrification in a Full-Scale Biological Nitrogen Removal Plant. Microorganisms 2019; 8:E11. [PMID: 31861619 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three denitrifying bacteria, Paracoccus spp., Thauera spp., Pseudomonas-like spp., and two functional genes, nitrate reductase (narG and napA), were studied as potential biomarkers for total nitrogen removal. These bacterial genera and the functional genes showed significant negative correlations with total nitrogen in the effluent (TNeff). Thauera spp. had the highest correlation (r = −0.793, p < 0.001) with TNeff, and narG-like and napA genes also showed significant correlations (r = −0.663 and −0.643, respectively), suggesting functional genes have equal validity to 16S rRNA genes in monitoring denitrification performance. The most explanatory variables were a combination of constituents, with temperature emerging as the most important in Pearson’s correlation and redundancy analysis. Thauera spp. had the highest correlation with temperature (r = 0.739) followed closely by Paracoccus spp. (r = 0.705). Denitrification was also significantly affected by pH (r = 0.369), solids retention time (r = −0.377), total nitrogenin (r = 0.635), and organic matter in the influent (biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand; r = 0.320 and 0.522, respectively). Our data verified that major denitrifiers’ 16S rRNA genes and nitrate reductase genes were better biomarkers than the biomass concentration, and any of the biomarkers could track denitrification in real time.
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Zhou G, Wang YS, Peng H, Shen PF, Xie XB, Shi QS. Functional roles ofnorCBinPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 9027 under aerobic conditions. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1154-1162. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Peng-Fei Shen
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology; Guangdong Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Zhou G, Peng H, Wang YS, Li CL, Shen PF, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Biological functions of nirS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 under aerobic conditions. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1757-1768. [PMID: 31512096 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Through our previous study, we found an up-regulation in the expression of nitrite reductase (nirS) in the isothiazolone-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the definitive molecular role of nirS in ascribing the resistance remained elusive. In the present study, the nirS gene was deleted from the chromosome of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and the resulting phenotypic changes of ΔnirS were studied alongside the wild-type (WT) strain under aerobic conditions. The results demonstrated a decline in the formations of biofilms but not planktonic growth by ΔnirS as compared to WT, especially in the presence of benzisothiazolinone (BIT). Meanwhile, the deletion of nirS impaired swimming motility of P. aeruginosa under the stress of BIT. To assess the influence of nirS on the transcriptome of P. aeruginosa, RNA-seq experiments comparing the ΔnirS with WT were also performed. A total of 694 genes were found to be differentially expressed in ΔnirS, of which 192 were up-regulated, while 502 were down-regulated. In addition, these differently expressed genes were noted to significantly enrich the carbon metabolism along with glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolisms. Meanwhile, results from RT-PCR suggested the contribution of mexEF-oprN to the development of BIT resistance by ΔnirS. Further, c-di-GMP was less in ΔnirS than in WT, as revealed by HPLC. Taken together, our results confirm that nirS of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 plays a role in BIT resistance along with biofilm formation and further affects several metabolic patterns under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Ling Li
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Shen
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao B, Ran XC, An Q, Huang YS, Lv QH, Dan Q. N 2O production from hydroxylamine oxidation and corresponding hydroxylamine oxidoreductase involved in a heterotrophic nitrifier A. faecalis strain NR. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1983-1992. [PMID: 31420725 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
N2O production from NH2OH oxidation involved in a heterotrophic nitrifier Alcaligenes faecalis strain NR was studied. 15N-labeling experiments showed that biological NH2OH consumption by strain NR played a dominant role in N2O production, although chemical reaction between NH2OH and O2 indeed existed. Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) from strain NR was partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and DEAE Cartridge chromatography. The maximum activity of HAO was 9.60 mU with a specific activity of 92.04 mU/(mg protein) when K3Fe(CN)6 was used as an electron acceptor. The addition of Ca2+ promoted the HAO activity, while the presence of Mn2+ inhibited the enzyme activity. The optimal temperature and pH for HAO activity were 30 °C and 8. Analysis of enzyme-catalyzed products demonstrated that NH2OH oxidation catalyzed by HAO from strain NR played significant role in the production of N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chuan Ran
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang An
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hao Lv
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Dan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Lin T, Chen W. Enhanced removal of organic matter and typical disinfection byproduct precursors in combined iron-carbon micro electrolysis-UBAF process for drinking water pre-treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 78:315-327. [PMID: 30665651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The organic matter and two types of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors in micro-polluted source water were removed using an iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (ICME) combined with up-flow biological aerated filter (UBAF) process. Two pilot-scale experiments (ICME-UBAF and UBAF alone) were used to investigate the effect of the ICME system on the removal of organic matter and DBP precursors. The results showed that ICME pretreatment removed 15.6% of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and significantly improved the removal rate in the subsequent UBAF process. The ICME system removed 31% of trichloromethane (TCM) precursors and 20% of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) precursors. The results of measurements of the molecular weight distribution and hydrophilic fractions of DOM and DBP precursors showed that ICME pretreatment played a key role in breaking large-molecular-weight organic matter into low-molecular-weight components, and the hydrophobic fraction into hydrophilic compounds, which was favorable for subsequent biodegradation by UBAF. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) further indicated that the ICME system improved the removal of TCM and DCAN precursors. The biomass analysis indicated the presence of a larger and more diverse microbial community in the ICME-UBAF system than for the UBAF alone. The high-throughput sequencing results revealed that domination of the genera Sphingomonas, Brevundimonas and Sphingorhabdus contributed to the better removal of organic matter and two types of DBP precursors. Also, Nitrosomonas and Pseudomonas were beneficial for ammonia removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Lei X, Jia Y, Chen Y, Hu Y. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification without nitrite accumulation by a novel isolated Ochrobactrum anthropic LJ81. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:442-450. [PMID: 30388582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen contaminants are widespread presence in municipal wastewater, heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria have advantages of dealing with multiple nitrogen. Strain LJ81 was isolated from domestic sludge, identified as Ochrobactrum anthropic, which was oxygen-dependent and could survive in a wide range of pH values. Results showed that strain LJ81 could achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) under aerobic condition, whilst more than 80% of initial nitrogen was converted into gaseous nitrogen. The removal rates of ammonia increased from 3.75 to 3.85 and 5.70 mg-N L-1 h-1 by adding nitrite and nitrate, respectively, while the nitrate denitrification was the rate-limiting step of SND process. Moreover, adding chlorate could inhibit not only the cell growth slightly but also denitrification of nitrate. All results indicated that O. anthropic strain LJ81 exhibited excellent performance on nitrogen removal without nitrite accumulation under aerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yating Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yongyou Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Li D, Liang X, Jin Y, Wu C, Zhou R. Isolation and Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of an Aerobic Heterotrophic Nitrifying-Denitrifying Bacterium, Klebsiella sp. TN-10. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:540-54. [PMID: 30542795 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-02932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal by microorganisms has attracted increasing attention in wastewater treatment. In the present study, a heterotrophic nitrification bacterium was isolated from tannery wastewater and identified as Klebsiella sp. TN-10 based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics. The optimal conditions for cell growth and nitrogen removal were investigated, and the results showed that the greatest ammonium removal rate and maximum biomass were achieved by using sodium pyruvate (7 g/L) as carbon source, C/N 12, pH 7, and temperature 30 °C. Under optimal conditions, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached 96%. Besides, the growth characteristic and the ability of utilizing nitrate and nitrite were investigated. The results demonstrated that strain TN-10 exhibited excellent characteristics to remove both nitrate and nitrite, with the removal rate of 95.44% and 99.87%, respectively. In addition, the nitrite reductase (NiR) and nitrate reductase (NR) involved in denitrification were both active, with the activities of 0.0815 and 0.0283 U/mg proteins, respectively. Furthermore, the aggregation ability, auto-aggregation kinetics, and the relationship between zeta potentials and flocculating efficiency were determined. These results indicated that the strain Klebsiella sp. TN-10, with efficient heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification ability, has potential application in wastewater treatment.
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Xu H, Jin R, Zhang C, Wu Y, Wang X. Isolation and identification of an aerobic denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria and analysis of the factors influencing denitrification and phosphorus removal. Water Sci Technol 2018; 78:2288-2296. [PMID: 30699080 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive emission of plant nutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) into the water body can induce eutrophication. Therefore, how to control eutrophic water efficiently and economically is very important. In the paper, highly efficient aerobic denitrifying phosphorus removing J16 bacteria was isolated from the activated sludge of an aerobic bioreactor in Taiyuan municipal wastewater treatment plant by using the blue-white spot screening method, an aerobic phosphorus absorption test, nitrate reduction test, nitrogen removal experiments, and plate coating and streaking methods. Through 16S rDNA gene homology comparison and physiological and biochemical identification, the J16 strain was preliminarily identified as Escherichia coli, with a sequence similarity of 99%. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain J16 was submitted to GenBank (accession number: MF667015). The effect of temperature, pH, percentage of inoculum and phosphate-P (PO4 3--P) concentration on denitrification and phosphorus removal efficiency was investigated through a single-factor experiment. The optimum conditions of the J16 strain for denitrification and phosphorus removal were as follows: 30°C, neutral or weak alkaline (pH: 7.2-8), and 3% of inoculum, respectively. The denitrification and phosphorus removal efficiency of strain J16 was the highest when PO4 3--P and nitrate-N(NO3 --N) concentrations were 8.9 and 69.31 mg/L, and the removal were 96.03% and 94.55%, respectively. In addition, strain J16 could reduce phosphoric acid to phosphine (PH3) and remove some phosphorus under hypoxia conditions. This is the first study to report the involvement of Escherichia coli in nitrogen and phosphorus removal under aerobic and hypoxia conditions. Based on the above results, the strain J16 can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus, and will be utilized in enhancing treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus-containing industrial wastewater and phosphorus reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Xu
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China E-mail:
| | - Ru Jin
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China E-mail:
| | - Chan Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China E-mail:
| | - Yupeng Wu
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China E-mail:
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Yazdani Foshtomi M, Leliaert F, Derycke S, Willems A, Vincx M, Vanaverbeke J. The effect of bio-irrigation by the polychaete Lanice conchilega on active denitrifiers: Distribution, diversity and composition of nosZ gene. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192391. [PMID: 29408934 PMCID: PMC5800672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of large densities of the piston-pumping polychaete Lanice conchilega can have important consequences for the functioning of marine sediments. It is considered both an allogenic and an autogenic ecosystem engineer, affecting spatial and temporal biogeochemical gradients (oxygen concentrations, oxygen penetration depth and nutrient concentrations) and physical properties (grain size) of marine sediments, which could affect functional properties of sediment-inhabiting microbial communities. Here we investigated whether density-dependent effects of L. conchilega affected horizontal (m-scale) and vertical (cm-scale) patterns in the distribution, diversity and composition of the typical nosZ gene in the active denitrifying organisms. This gene plays a major role in N2O reduction in coastal ecosystems as the last step completing the denitrification pathway. We showed that both vertical and horizontal composition and richness of nosZ gene were indeed significantly affected when large densities of the bio-irrigator were present. This could be directly related to allogenic ecosystem engineering effects on the environment, reflected in increased oxygen penetration depth and oxygen concentrations in the upper cm of the sediment in high densities of L. conchilega. A higher diversity (Shannon diversity and inverse Simpson) of nosZ observed in patches with high L. conchilega densities (3,185-3,440 ind. m-2) at deeper sediment layers could suggest a downward transport of NO3- to deeper layers resulting from bio-irrigation as well. Hence, our results show the effect of L. conchilega bio-irrigation activity on denitrifying organisms in L. conchilega reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yazdani Foshtomi
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- CeMoFE, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Botanic Garden Meise, Meise, Belgium
| | - Sofie Derycke
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Aquatic Environment and Quality, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Ostend, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- CeMoFE, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magda Vincx
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Marine Biology Research Group, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Marine Ecology and Management, Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang X, Zheng S, Sun J, Xiao X. Elucidation of microbial nitrogen-transformation mechanisms in activated sludge by comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen-transformation activity. Bioresour Technol 2017; 234:15-22. [PMID: 28315600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using prepared nitrifying sludge, anaerobic ammonia oxidization (anammox) sludge and two heterotrophic ammonia oxidization bacterial (AOB) species as inocula, this study elucidated the effect of oxygen conditions, assay media, and selective metabolic inhibitors on various microbial nitrogen (N)-transformation activities including aerobic chemolithotrophic ammonia and nitrite oxidization, aerobic heterotrophic ammonia oxidization, anammox, and aerobic and anoxic denitrification. The oxygen conditions and assay media effectively differentiated among almost all ammonia removal pathways except for separating aerobic chemolithotrophic ammonia oxidization from aerobic heterotrophic ammonia oxidization. A final allylthiourea concentration of 10mg·L-1 was optimal for accurate determination of aerobic heterotrophic ammonia oxidization activity in the presence of aerobic chemolithotrophic AOB. Finally, this study developed a simple and reliable method to individually determine and compare the comprehensive N-transformation activity characteristics of several activated sludge samples from different origins, and to elucidate the major microbial N-transformation mechanisms for ammonia removal and N2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Zhang
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuze Xiao
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Du C, Cui CW, Qiu S, Shi SN, Li A, Ma F. Nitrogen removal and microbial community shift in an aerobic denitrification reactor bioaugmented with a Pseudomonas strain for coal-based ethylene glycol industry wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:11435-11445. [PMID: 28316045 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic denitrification system, initially bioaugmented with Pseudomonas strain T13, was established to treat coal-based ethylene glycol industry wastewater, which contained 3219 ± 86 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) and 1978 ± 14 mg/L NO3--N. In the current study, a stable denitrification efficiency of 53.7 ± 4.7% and nitrite removal efficiency of 40.1 ± 2.7% were achieved at different diluted influent concentrations. Toxicity evaluation showed that a lower toxicity of effluent was achieved when industry wastewater was treated by stuffing biofilm communities compared to suspended communities. Relatively high TN removal (~50%) and chemical oxygen demand removal percentages (>65%) were obtained when the influent concentration was controlled at below 50% of the raw industry wastewater. However, a further increased concentration led to a 20-30% decrease in nitrate and nitrite removal. Microbial network evaluation showed that a reduction in Pseudomonas abundance was induced during the succession of the microbial community. The napA gene analysis indicated that the decrease in nitrate and nitrite removal happened when abundance of Pseudomonas was reduced to less than 10% of the overall stuffing biofilm communities. Meanwhile, other denitrifying bacteria, such as Paracoccus, Brevundimonas, and Brucella, were subsequently enriched through symbiosis in the whole microbial network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chong-Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Shan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
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Mao G, Chen L, Yang Y, Wu Z, Tong T, Liu Y, Xie S. Vertical profiles of water and sediment denitrifiers in two plateau freshwater lakes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3361-70. [PMID: 27921137 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the abundance, richness, diversity, and community composition of denitrifiers (based on nirS and nosZ genes) in the stratified water columns and sediments in eutrophic Dianchi Lake and mesotrophic Erhai Lake using quantitative PCR assay and high-throughput sequencing analysis. Both nirS- and nosZ denitrifiers were detected in waters of these two lakes. Surface water showed higher nosZ gene density than bottom water, and Dianchi Lake waters had larger nirS gene abundance than Erhai Lake waters. The abundance of sediment nirS- and nosZ denitrifiers in Dianchi Lake was larger than that in Erhai Lake. nirS richness and diversity and nosZ richness tended to increase with increasing sediment layer depth in both lakes. The distinct structure difference of sediment nirS- and nosZ denitrifier communities was found between in Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake. These two lakes also differed greatly in water denitrifier community structure. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of several different groups of nirS- or nosZ denitrifiers in both lakes. The novel nirS denitrifiers were abundant in both Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake, while most of the obtained nosZ sequences could be affiliated with known genera.
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Zheng M, Li C, Liu S, Gui M, Ni J. Potential application of aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PCN-2 in nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal from flue gas. J Hazard Mater 2016; 318:571-578. [PMID: 27469045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional biological removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gas has been severely restricted by the presence of oxygen. This paper presents an efficient alternative for NOx removal at varying oxygen levels using the newly isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PCN-2 which was capable of aerobic and anoxic denitrification. Interestingly, nitric oxide (NO), as the obligatory intermediate, was negligibly accumulated during nitrate and nitrite reduction. Moreover, normal nitrate reduction with decreasing NO accumulation was realized under O2 concentration ranging from 0 to 100%. Reverse transcription and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that high efficient NO removal was attributed to the coordinate regulation of gene expressions including napA (for periplasmic nitrate reductase), nirS (for cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase) and cnorB (for NO reductase). Further batch experiments demonstrated the immobilized strain PCN-2 possessed high capability of removing NO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at O2 concentration of 0-10%. A biotrickling filter established with present strain achieved high NOx removal efficiencies of 91.94-96.74% at inlet NO concentration of 100-500ppm and O2 concentration of 0-10%, which implied promising potential applications in purifying NOx contaminated flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization, Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengyao Gui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinren Ni
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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Chen J, Gu S, Hao H, Chen J. Characteristics and metabolic pathway of Alcaligenes sp. TB for simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9787-9794. [PMID: 27678119 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium, Alcaligenes sp. TB (GenBank accession no. JQ044686), was isolated from a rotating drum biofilter for NO removal. Its characteristics and metabolic pathway for NO removal were comprehensively investigated. Experimental results showed that the nitrification and denitrification efficiency reached 99.42 and 96.44 %, respectively, after 44 h under the conditions of pH 7.2, 30 °C, and 120 rpm. The tests with the addition of Pb2+ and Na2WO4 as the reductase inhibitor revealed that nitrite was the key intermediate to produce the nitrogen gas as the final product in the simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and denitrification by strain TB. Based on the experimental results, the metabolic pathway of strain TB has been proposed that it carries out shortcut/complete simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with nitrite as an intermediate and nitrogen gas as a final product. The two potential metabolic pathways existing in strain TB can be described as NH4+ → NH2OH → NO2- → N2O → N2 and NH4+ → NH2OH → NO2- → NO3- → NO2- → N2O → N2. This work indicates that the strain TB may be a good candidate for the denitrification of the sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Bioconversion and Biopurification, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Hao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Bioconversion and Biopurification, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, People's Republic of China.
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Ye J, Zhao B, An Q, Huang YS. Nitrogen removal by Providencia rettgeri strain YL with heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. Environ Technol 2016; 37:2206-13. [PMID: 26824874 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1146338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Providencia rettgeri strain YL shows the capability of nitrogen removal under sole aerobic conditions. By using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, (15)N-labelled N2O and N2 were detected in aerobic batch cultures containing [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. Strain YL converted [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to produce more N2O than N2 in the presence of [Formula: see text]. An (15)N isotope tracing experiment confirmed that the nitrogen removal pathway of strain YL was heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification. The optimal treatment conditions for nitrogen removal were pH of 8, C/N ratio of 12, temperature of 25°C and shaking speed of 105 rpm. A continuous aerobic bioreactor inoculated with strain YL was developed. With an influent [Formula: see text] concentration of 90-200 mg/L, the [Formula: see text] removal efficiency ranged from 80% to 97% and the total nitrogen removal efficiency ranged from 72% to 95%. The nitrogen balance in the continuous bioreactor revealed that approximately 35-52% of influent [Formula: see text] was denitrified aerobically to form gaseous nitrogen. These findings show that the P. rettgeri strain YL has potential application in wastewater treatment for nitrogen removal under sole aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- a The Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- a The Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang An
- a The Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Huang
- b National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings , Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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Ji B, Yang K, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Zhang H. Aerobic denitrification: A review of important advances of the last 30 years. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015; 20:643-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Huang TL, Zhou SL, Zhang HH, Bai SY, He XX, Yang X. Nitrogen Removal Characteristics of a Newly Isolated Indigenous Aerobic Denitrifier from Oligotrophic Drinking Water Reservoir, Zoogloea sp. N299. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10038-60. [PMID: 25946341 PMCID: PMC4463631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is considered to be one of the most widespread pollutants leading to eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems, especially in drinking water reservoirs. In this study, an oligotrophic aerobic denitrifier was isolated from drinking water reservoir sediment. Nitrogen removal performance was explored. The strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Zoogloea sp. N299. This species exhibits a periplasmic nitrate reductase gene (napA). Its specific growth rate was 0.22 h-1. Obvious denitrification and perfect nitrogen removal performances occurred when cultured in nitrate and nitrite mediums, at rates of 75.53%±1.69% and 58.65%±0.61%, respectively. The ammonia removal rate reached 44.12%±1.61% in ammonia medium. Zoogloea sp. N299 was inoculated into sterilized and unsterilized reservoir source waters with a dissolved oxygen level of 5-9 mg/L, pH 8-9, and C/N 1.14:1. The total nitrogen removal rate reached 46.41%±3.17% (sterilized) and 44.88%±4.31% (unsterilized). The cell optical density suggested the strain could survive in oligotrophic drinking water reservoir water conditions and perform nitrogen removal. Sodium acetate was the most favorable carbon source for nitrogen removal by strain N299 (p<0.05). High C/N was beneficial for nitrate reduction (p<0.05). The nitrate removal efficiencies showed no significant differences among the tested inoculums dosage (p>0.05). Furthermore, strain N299 could efficiently remove nitrate at neutral and slightly alkaline and low temperature conditions. These results, therefore, demonstrate that Zoogloea sp. N299 has high removal characteristics, and can be used as a nitrogen removal microbial inoculum with simultaneous aerobic nitrification and denitrification in a micro-polluted reservoir water ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Lin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Shi-Lei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Hai-Han Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Shi-Yuan Bai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Xiu-Xiu He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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Abstract
A newly aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain, Pseudomonas sp. X31, which was isolated from activated sludge, was added to a newly developed aerobic denitrification bio-ceramsite reactor as an inoculum to treat nitrate-polluted water and the denitrification activities of this system under different air-water ratio, hydraulic loading, and C/N (carbon/nitrogen ratio) conditions were investigated. It demonstrated excellent capability for denitrification in the bio-ceramsite reactor at air-water ratios that varied from 6.5:1 to 8:1. The optimal hydraulic loading for the bio-ceramsite reactor was 0.75 m/h with the optimum denitrification efficiency of 95.18%. The optimal C/N was 4.5:1 with a maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 98.48%. COD could be completely removed under the most appropriate condition (air-water ratio 6.5:1-8:1, hydraulic loading 0.75 m/h, and C/N 4.5:1). The quantity of the biomass in the reactor decreased along with flow, which was in accordance with the variety of the available substrate concentrations in the water. However, the biofilm activity was not proportional to the biomass in the bio-ceramsite reactor, but increased with the quantity of the biomass up to a peak value and then decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- a School of Civil Engineering , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , People's Republic of China
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Huang TL, Zhou SL, Zhang HH, Zhou N, Guo L, Di SY, Zhou ZZ. Nitrogen removal from micro-polluted reservoir water by indigenous aerobic denitrifiers. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8008-26. [PMID: 25867475 PMCID: PMC4425064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of micro-polluted source water is receiving increasing attention because of environmental awareness on a global level. We isolated and identified aerobic denitrifying bacteria Zoogloea sp. N299, Acinetobacter sp. G107, and Acinetobacter sp. 81Y and used these to remediate samples of their native source water. We first domesticated the isolated strains in the source water, and the 48-h nitrate removal rates of strains N299, G107, and 81Y reached 33.69%, 28.28%, and 22.86%, respectively, with no nitrite accumulation. We then conducted a source-water remediation experiment and cultured the domesticated strains (each at a dry cell weight concentration of 0.4 ppm) together in a sample of source water at 20–26 °C and a dissolved oxygen concentration of 3–7 mg/L for 60 days. The nitrate concentration of the system decreased from 1.57 ± 0.02 to 0.42 ± 0.01 mg/L and that of a control system decreased from 1.63 ± 0.02 to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/L, each with no nitrite accumulation. Total nitrogen of the bacterial system changed from 2.31 ± 0.12 to 1.09 ± 0.01 mg/L, while that of the control system changed from 2.51 ± 0.13 to 1.72 ± 0.06 mg/L. The densities of aerobic denitrification bacteria in the experimental and control systems ranged from 2.8 × 104 to 2 × 107 cfu/mL and from 7.75 × 103 to 5.5 × 105 cfu/mL, respectively. The permanganate index in the experimental and control systems decreased from 5.94 ± 0.12 to 3.10 ± 0.08 mg/L and from 6.02 ± 0.13 to 3.61 ± 0.11 mg/L, respectively, over the course of the experiment. Next, we supplemented samples of the experimental and control systems with additional bacteria or additional source water and cultivated the systems for another 35 days. The additional bacteria did little to improve the water quality. The additional source water provided supplemental carbon and brought the nitrate removal rate in the experimental system to 16.97%, while that in the control system reached only 3.01%, with no nitrite accumulation in either system. Our results show that aerobic denitrifying bacteria remain highly active after domestication and demonstrate the applicability of such organisms in the bioremediation of oligotrophic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Lin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Shi-Lei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Hai-Han Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Shi-Yu Di
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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Su JF, Zhang K, Huang TL, Ma F, Guo L, Zhang LN. Denitrification characteristics of a newly isolated indigenous aerobic denitrifying bacterium under oligotrophic conditions. Water Sci Technol 2015; 72:1082-1088. [PMID: 26398022 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel indigenous bacterium, strain JM10, isolated from the oligotrophic Hei He reservoir was characterized and showed aerobic denitrification ability. JM10 was identified as Bacillus sp. by phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence. Strain JM10 displayed very high levels of activity in aerobic conditions, consuming over 94.3% NO3(-)-N (approximately 3.06 mg L(-1)) with a maximum reduction rate of 0.108 mg NO3(-)-N L(-1) h(-1). Full-factorial Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were employed to investigate the optimal nitrate degradation conditions. The optimum conditions for nitrate degradation, at a rate of 0.140 mg L(-1) h(-1), were found to be an inoculum size of 16.3% v/v, initial pH of 7.6, C/N ratio of 7.4, and temperature of 27.4 °C, and the C/N ratio and temperature had the largest effect on the nitrate degradation rate. Strain JM10 was added into the water samples from Hei He reservoir and the total nitrogen and nitrate removal rates of the strain reached 66.5% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the strain JM10 favored the bioremediation of the oligotrophic reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ting-Lin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Deng B, Fu L, Zhang X, Zheng J, Peng L, Sun J, Zhu H, Wang Y, Li W, Wu X, Wu D. The denitrification characteristics of Pseudomonas stutzeri SC221-M and its application to water quality control in grass carp aquaculture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114886. [PMID: 25489740 PMCID: PMC4260960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce ammonium and nitrite in aquaculture water, an isolate of the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri, SC221-M, was obtained. The effects of various nitrogen and carbon sources, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and temperature on bacterial growth, denitrification rates and the expression levels of nirS and nosZ in SC221-M were studied. The following conditions were determined to be optimal for growth and denitrification in SC221-M: NaNO2 as the nitrogen source, sodium citrate as the carbon source, a carbon to nitrogen ratio range of 4–8, and a temperature range of 20–35°C. Subsequently, SC221-M and the Bacillus cereus BSC24 strain were selected to generate microbial preparations. The results showed that addition of the microbial preparations decreased various hydrochemical parameters, including total dissolved solids, ammonium, nitrite, total nitrogen and the chemical oxygen demand. Nitrogen removal rates were highest on day 9; the removal rates of BSC24, SC221-M, a mixed preparation and a 3× mixed preparation were 24.5%, 26.6%, 53.9% and 53.4%, respectively. The mixed preparation (SC221-M+BSC24) was more effective at removing nitrogen than either the SC221-M or BSC24 preparation. Roche 454 pyrosequencing and subsequent analysis indicated that the control and other groups formed separate clusters, and the microbial community structure in the water changed significantly after the addition of microbial preparations. These results indicate that the addition of microbial preparations can improve both the water quality and microbial community structure in an experimental aquaculture system. P. stutzeri strain SC221-M and its related microbial preparations are potential candidates for the regulation of water quality in commercial aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China
| | - Luoqin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (XZ)
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (XZ)
| | - Xuexiang Wu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deyang, China
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Saucedo-Lucero JO, Marcos R, Salvador M, Arriaga S, Muñoz R, Quijano G. Treatment of O₂-free toluene emissions by anoxic biotrickling filtration. Chemosphere 2014; 117:774-780. [PMID: 25461947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Toluene biotrickling filtration under anoxic denitrifying conditions was evaluated in two identical bioreactors (R1 and R2) operated at liquid recycling rates of 1.3, 2.7 and 5.3 m h−1 and liquid renewal rates of 0 and 0.17 d−1. R1 and R2 achieved a similar maximum elimination capacity (EC ∼30 g m−3 h−1) at the same toluene inlet load (∼50 g m−3 h−1), which was approximately 7 times higher compared with available literature on continuous toluene removal under anoxic conditions. Nevertheless, higher metabolite accumulation was observed in the bioreactor operated without periodical liquid phase renewal (R2), leading to intermittent drops in its toluene removal performance. This is the first work operating an anoxic biotrickling filter at empty bed residence time of 3 min, which is comparable with those employed in conventional aerobic systems. A characterization of the metabolites accumulated in the liquid phase revealed a dynamic metabolite production and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Octavio Saucedo-Lucero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Jin R, Liu T, Liu G, Zhou J, Huang J, Wang A. Simultaneous Heterotrophic Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification by the Marine Origin Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ADN-42. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:2000-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lu H, Chandran K, Stensel D. Microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment. Water Res 2014; 64:237-254. [PMID: 25078442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, denitrification is commonly employed in biological nitrogen removal processes to enhance water quality. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain concerning the overall community structure, population dynamics and metabolism of different organic carbon sources. This systematic review provides a summary of current findings pertaining to the microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment processes. DNA fingerprinting-based analysis has revealed a high level of microbial diversity in denitrification reactors and highlighted the impacts of carbon sources in determining overall denitrifying community composition. Stable isotope probing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarrays and meta-omics further link community structure with function by identifying the functional populations and their gene regulatory patterns at the transcriptional and translational levels. This review stresses the need to integrate microbial ecology information into conventional denitrification design and operation at full-scale. Some emerging questions, from physiological mechanisms to practical solutions, for example, eliminating nitrous oxide emissions and supplementing more sustainable carbon sources than methanol, are also discussed. A combination of high-throughput approaches is next in line for thorough assessment of wastewater denitrifying community structure and function. Though denitrification is used as an example here, this synergy between microbial ecology and process engineering is applicable to other biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 205 N Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - David Stensel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Pal RR, Khardenavis AA, Purohit HJ. Identification and monitoring of nitrification and denitrification genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae EGD-HP19-C for its ability to perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 15:63-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kundu P, Pramanik A, Dasgupta A, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee J. Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by Chryseobacterium sp. R31 isolated from abattoir wastewater. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:436056. [PMID: 24991552 DOI: 10.1155/2014/436056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A heterotrophic carbon utilizing microbe (R31) capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was isolated from wastewater of an Indian slaughterhouse. From an initial COD value of 583.0 mg/L, 95.54% was removed whilst, from a starting NH4+-N concentration of 55.7 mg/L, 95.87% was removed after 48 h contact. The concentrations of the intermediates hydroxylamine, nitrite, and nitrate were low, thus ensuring nitrogen removal. Aerobic denitrification occurring during ammonium removal by R31 was confirmed by utilization of both nitrate and nitrite as nitrogen substrates. Glucose and succinate were superior while acetate and citrate were poor substrates for nitrogen removal. Molecular phylogenetic identification, supported by chemotaxonomic and physiological properties, assigned R31 as a close relative of Chryseobacterium haifense. The NH4+-N utilization rate and growth of strain R31 were found to be higher at C/N = 10 in comparison to those achieved with C/N ratios of 5 and 20. Monod kinetic coefficients, half saturation concentration (Ks), maximum rate of substrate utilization (k), yield coefficient, (Y) and endogenous decay coefficient (Kd) indicated potential application of R31 in large-scale SND process. This is the first report on concomitant carbon oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification in the genus Chryseobacterium and the associated kinetic coefficients.
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Du C, Cui CW, Shi SN, Ma F. Identification of a Highly Efficient Aerobic Denitrifying Bacterium in SBR and Denitrification Optimization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 955-959:376-82. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic denitrification process is attracted more attention to enhance nitrogen removal technology. Aerobic denitrifying bacteria present excelled abilities with fast growth rate and denitrifying speed, though they are not dominant in most practical processes. A high-efficiency strain was enriched in SBR from aerobic activated sludge by the way of intermittent aeration and continuous aeration combination. The strain was determined toPseudomonasstutzeriT13 with ability of TN removal 90% and nitrate removal 97%. The limiting factors for aerobic denitrifying efficiency were optimized to temperature=31°C,pH=7.11 and DO=2.5 mg/L using response surface methodology. A total of 32 genes are related to nitrogen removal in strain T13. And 10 related to nitrate reductase, especially including 3 genes encoding the periplasmic nitrate reductase, playing important role to aerobic denitrification. It gave good understanding to supply effective technological supports for aerobic denitrification process.
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Ji B, Wang H, Yang K. Nitrate and COD removal in an upflow biofilter under an aerobic atmosphere. Bioresour Technol 2014; 158:156-160. [PMID: 24594672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-upflow submerged biofilter packed with ceramsite was constructed for nitrate removal under an aerobic atmosphere. Pseudomonas stutzeri X31, an aerobic denitrifier isolate, was added to the bioreactor as an inoculum. The influent NO3(-)-N concentrations were 63.0-73.8 mg L(-1). The best results were achieved when dissolved oxygen level was 4.6 mg L(-1) and C/N ratio was 4.5. The maximum removal efficiencies of carbon oxygen demand (COD) and NO3(-)-N were 94.04% and 98.48%, respectively at 30°C, when the hydraulic load was 0.75 m h(-1). The top section of the bioreactor possessed less biofilm but higher COD and NO3(-)-N removal rates than the bottom section. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique combined with electron microscopic examination indicated P. stutzeri X31 and Paracoccus versutus were the most dominant bacteria. Amoeba sp., Vorticella sp., Philodina sp., and Stephanodiscus sp. were also found in the bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Zhang WW, Andong ZY, Zhang M, Wang QN, Wei YQ, Chen LX. Isolation and characterization of a heterotrophic nitrifier Proteus mirabilis strain V7 and its potential application in NH4 +-N removal. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Guo L, Hu Z, Fang F, Liu T, Chuai X, Yang L. Trophic status determines the nirS-denitrifier community in shallow freshwater lakes. ANN MICROBIOL 2014; 64:999-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Huang S, Zhang Y, Xu F. Nitrogen Removal by Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 and Its Denitrification Gene Identification. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:829-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li R, Zi X, Wang X, Zhang X, Gao H, Hu N. Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus NY-4, a novel denitrifying, moderately halophilic marine bacterium. Springerplus 2013; 2:346. [PMID: 25538872 PMCID: PMC4269976 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and characterization of a novel halophilic denitrifying marine bacterium is described. The halophilic bacterium, designated as NY-4, was isolated from soil in Yancheng City, China, and identified as Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus by 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. This organism can grow in NaCl concentrations ranging from 20 to 120 g/L. Optimum growth occurs at 80 g/L NaCl and pH 8.0. The organism can grow on a broad range of carbon sources and demonstrated efficient denitrifying ability (94.2% of nitrate removal and 80.9% of total nitrogen removal in 48 h). During denitrification by NY-4, no NO2--N was accumulated, N2 was the only gaseous product and no harmful N2O was produced. Because of its rapid denitrification ability, broad carbon use range and ability to grow under high salinity and pH conditions, NY-4 holds promise for the treatment of saline waste waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpeng Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 211800 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 211800 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaian, 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 211800 People's Republic of China
| | - Haofeng Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 211800 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 211800 People's Republic of China
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Velusamy K, Krishnani KK. Heterotrophic Nitrifying and Oxygen Tolerant Denitrifying Bacteria from Greenwater System of Coastal Aquaculture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1978-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Xie B, Lv Z, Hu C, Yang X, Li X. Nitrogen removal through different pathways in an aged refuse bioreactor treating mature landfill leachate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9225-34. [PMID: 23229572 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an aged refuse bioreactor was constructed to remove nitrogen in a mature landfill leachate. The nitrogen removal efficiency and the microbial community composition in the bioreactor were investigated. The results showed that the aged refuse bioreactor removed more than 90 % of total nitrogen in the leachate under the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.74 g/kg (vs) day, and the total nitrogen removal rate decreased to 62.2 % when NLR increased up to 2.03 g/kg (vs) day. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that the average cell number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the bioreactor was 1.58 × 10(8) cells/g, which accounted for 0.41 % of total bacteria. The number of anammox bacteria in the reactor was 1.09 × 10(8) cells/g, which accounted for 0.27 % of total bacteria. Isotopic (15)N tracing experiments showed that nearly 10 % of nitrogen was removed by anammox. High-throughout 454 pyrosequencing revealed that the predominant bacteria in the bioreactor were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes, including various nitrifiers and denitrifiers with diverse heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolic pathways, supporting that nitrogen was removed through different pathways in this aged refuse bioreactor.
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Chen P, Li J, Li QX, Wang Y, Li S, Ren T, Wang L. Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by bacterium Rhodococcus sp. CPZ24. Bioresour Technol 2012; 116:266-270. [PMID: 22531166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhodococcus sp. CPZ24 was isolated from swine wastewater and identified. Batch (0.25 L flask) experiments of nitrogen removal under aerobic growth conditions showed complete removal of 50 mg L(-1) ammonium nitrogen within 20 h, while nitrate nitrogen removal reached 67%. A bioreactor (50 L) was used to further assess the heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification abilities of Rhodococcus sp. CPZ24. The results showed that 85% of the ammonium nitrogen (100 mg L(-1)) was transformed to nitrification products (NO(3)(-)-N and NO(2)(-)-N) (13%), intracellular nitrogen (24%), and gaseous denitrification products (48%) within 25 h. The ammonium nitrogen removal rate was 3.4 mg L(-1)h(-1). The results indicate that the strain CPZ24 carries out simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, demonstrating a potential use of the strain for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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