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Norgeot F, Fouré A. Effects of vertical and horizontal plyometric training on jump performances and sprint force-velocity profile in young elite soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05477-4. [PMID: 38602544 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE During a soccer match, horizontal acceleration ability during short sprints is determinant for performance. Development of sprint force and velocity qualites have been reported after plyometric training. However, orientation of plyometric training exercises can influence the functional performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the horizontal and vertical orientation of plyometric training on explosiveness performances and sprint force-velocity profile in young soccer players. METHODS Twenty-eight soccer players were recruited and divided in two groups: vertical (VG, n = 14) and horizontal (HG, n = 14) groups. Tests including jumps and sprint performances were conducted before and after the 8 week training period. Sprint force-velocity profile (FVP) was evaluated during a 30 m sprint test. RESULTS The results demonstrated significant improvements in both VG and HG for jump performances (from + 4.9% to + 9.0%), sprint times (from -5.5% to -8.7%) and FVP parameters. Higher relative changes for the HG than for the VG were observed in 5 m and 15 m sprint times, horizontal jump lengths, and also in FVP parameters, especially improvements in maximal power (VG: + 16.4% vs. HG: + 28.1%) and in the decrease rate of horizontal orientation of force with increasing speed (HG: + 22.9%) during the 30 m sprint. CONCLUSIONS Both horizontal and vertical plyometric training can be either used in young soccer players to improve vertical and horizontal performances in jump and sprint. However, horizontal plyometric training may result in a greater improvement in horizontal ballistic actions while similarly developing vertical jump qualities compared to vertical plyometric training in young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Norgeot
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), UR7424, Villeurbanne, France
- , Football Bourg-en-Bresse Péronnas 01, 01960, Péronnas, France
| | - Alexandre Fouré
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM), UR7424, Villeurbanne, France.
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Asimakidis ND, Bishop CJ, Beato M, Mukandi IN, Kelly AL, Weldon A, Turner AN. A survey into the current fitness testing practices of elite male soccer practitioners: from assessment to communicating results. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1376047. [PMID: 38567112 PMCID: PMC10985349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1376047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides insight into the current fitness testing practices in elite male soccer. One hundred and two practitioners from professional soccer leagues across 24 countries completed an online survey comprising 29 questions, with five sections: a) background information, b) testing selection, c) testing implementation, d) data analysis, and e) data reporting. Frequency analysis was used to evaluate the responses to fixed response questions and thematic analysis was used for open-ended questions to generate clear and distinct themes. Strength (85%) and aerobic capacity (82%) represent the most frequently assessed physical qualities. Scientific literature (80%) is the most influential factor in testing selection and practitioners conduct fitness testing less frequently than their perceived ideal frequency per season (3.6 ± 2 vs. 4.5 ± 2). Time and competitive schedule were the greatest barriers to fitness testing administration. Practitioners mostly used a 'hybrid' approach (45%) to fitness testing, blending 'traditional' (i.e., a day dedicated to testing) and 'integrated' (i.e., testing within regular training sessions) methods. Microsoft Excel is the most used software for data analysis (95%) and visualization (79%). An equal use of the combination of best and mean scores of multiple trials (44%) and the best score (42%) was reported. Comparing a player's test performance with previous scores (89%) was the most common method for interpreting test results. However, only 38% considered measurement error. Digital displays and verbal feedback are the most common data reporting methods, with different data reporting processes for coaches and players. Practitioners can use data and findings from this study to inform their current testing practices and researchers to further identify areas for investigation, with the overarching aim of developing the field of fitness testing in elite male soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos D. Asimakidis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Bishop
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | - Irvin N. Mukandi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L. Kelly
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Weldon
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony N. Turner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
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Martins F, Marques A, França C, Sarmento H, Henriques R, Ihle A, de Maio Nascimento M, Saldanha C, Przednowek K, Gouveia ÉR. Weekly External Load Performance Effects on Sports Injuries of Male Professional Football Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1121. [PMID: 36673875 PMCID: PMC9859064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues professional football players face throughout their careers is injuries. Those injuries often result from suboptimal training programs that were not designed according to the players' individual needs. This prospective study aimed to examine in detail the effects of sports injuries on professional football players' weekly external load performances. Thirty-three male professional football players were monitored using 10-Hz Global Positioning System (GPS) units (Apex pro series, StatSports) during an entire season. The variables considered in the analysis were total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), accelerations (ACC), and decelerations (DEC). The comparisons were made between the four-week block before injury (-4T), four-week block after return (+4T), and players' season averages (S). Players displayed significantly higher values of TD, HSR, ACC, and DEC in the -4T, compared to the other two moments (+4T and S). Furthermore, the comparison between the +4T and S showed no significant variations in the GPS metrics. It was shown that a significant increase in players' weekly external load performance over a four-week period may have a negative effect on the occurrence of injuries from a professional football standpoint. Future research should consider the effects of injury severity on players' external load variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martins
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cíntia França
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Carolina Saldanha
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Krzysztof Przednowek
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Dello Iacono A, McLaren SJ, Macpherson TW, Beato M, Weston M, Unnithan VB, Shushan T. Quantifying Exposure and Intra-Individual Reliability of High-Speed and Sprint Running During Sided-Games Training in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:371-413. [PMID: 36331702 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sided games (i.e., small sided, medium sided, large sided) involve tactical, technical, physical, and psychological elements and are commonly implemented in soccer training. Although soccer sided-games research is plentiful, a meta-analytical synthesis of external load exposure during sided games is lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to: (1) synthesize the evidence on high-speed and sprint running exposure induced by sided games in adult soccer players, (2) establish pooled estimates and intra-individual reliability for high-speed and sprint running exposure, and (3) explore the moderating effects of game format and playing constraints. METHODS A literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Four databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection) were systematically searched up to 25 January, 2022. Eligibility criteria were adult soccer players (population); training programs incorporating sided games (intervention); game manipulations including number of players, pitch dimension, and game orientation (comparator); and high-speed, very high-speed, and sprint relative (m[Formula: see text]min-1) running distances and associated intra-individual reliability (outcome). Eligible study risk of bias was evaluated using RoBANS. Pooled estimates for high-speed and sprint running exposure, and their intra-individual reliability, along with the moderating effect of tracking device running velocity thresholds, pitch dimension (i.e., area per player), and game orientation (i.e. score or possession), were determined via a multi-level mixed-effects meta-analysis. Estimate uncertainty is presented as 95% compatibility intervals (CIs) with the likely range of relative distances in similar future studies determined via 95% prediction intervals. RESULTS A total of 104 and 7 studies met our eligibility criteria for the main and reliability analyses, respectively. The range of relative distances covered across small-sided games, medium-sided games, and large-sided games was 14.8 m[Formula: see text]min-1 (95% CI 12.3-17.4) to 17.2 m[Formula: see text]min-1 (95% CI 13.5-20.8) for high-speed running, 2.7 m[Formula: see text]min-1 (95% CI 1.8-3.5) to 3.6 m[Formula: see text]min-1 (95% CI 2.3-4.8) for very high-speed running, and 0.2 m[Formula: see text]min-1 (95% CI 0.1-0.4) to 0.7 m[Formula: see text]min-1 (95% CI 0.5-0.9) for sprinting. Across different game formats, 95% prediction intervals showed future exposure for high-speed, very high-speed running, and sprinting to be 0-46.5 m[Formula: see text]min-1, 0-14.2 m[Formula: see text]min-1, and 0-2.6 m[Formula: see text]min-1, respectively. High-speed, very high-speed running, and sprinting showed poor reliability with a pooled coefficient of variation of 22.8% with distances being moderated by device speed thresholds, pitch dimension, and game orientation. CONCLUSIONS This review is the first to provide a detailed synthesis of exposure and intra-individual reliability of high-speed and sprint running during soccer sided games. Our estimates, along with the moderating influence of common programming variables such as velocity thresholds, area per player, and game orientation should be considered for informed planning of small-sided games, medium-sided games, and large-sided games soccer training. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework available through https://osf.io/a4xr2/ .
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Boraczyński MT, Laskin JJ, Gajewski J, Podstawski RS, Brodnicki MA, Boraczyński TW. Effects of two low-volume high-intensity interval training protocols in professional soccer: sprint interval training versus small-sided games. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:23-33. [PMID: 35191291 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The programming of training protocols within a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) framework with appropriate analysis of total training load could deliver optimal training adaptations. This study aims to compare the efficiency of two low-volume HIIT protocols integrated with the regular training regime in professional soccer players. METHODS Twenty-five participants aged 18.4-29.7 years were randomly assigned to one of two interventions involving straight-line sprint interval training (SIT, N.=13) or small-sided games (SSG, N.=12). Periodization was divided into two 3-week phases concluded by a 7-day taper. SIT first involved two-session·week-1 of one set of 10·45-s sprints (at maximal intensity) and then three-session·week-1 of two sets of 10·30-s sprints with a 0.75:1 and 1:1 recovery interval (slow running and stretching exercises), respectively. SSG in the first phase involved 5·3-min games of 4 vs. 4 and in the second phase 4·4-min games of 2 vs. 2 with 3-min recovery (practice drills at 60-70% HR<inf>max</inf>). Training load was controlled via session-RPE and HR-based methods. Pre- and postintervention testing included: countermovement jump height, 5-m and 30-m sprints performance, anaerobic power by the 10-s Wingate Anaerobic Test, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2max</inf>) and blood lactate concentration (BLa-) determined by incremental exhaustive running test. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA showed group×time interaction effects for the 30-m sprint time (F<inf>(1,23)</inf>=3.023; P=0.049; η2 P=0.116), BLa- (F<inf>(1,23)</inf>=5.250; P=0.031; η2 P=0.185), and V̇O<inf>2max</inf> (F<inf>(1,23)=</inf>4.648, P=0.044; η2 P=0.157). SIT elicited greater enhancements in anaerobic performance (30-m sprint time and BLa-), while SSG induced larger improvements in V̇O<inf>2max</inf>. CONCLUSIONS Comparable effects of SIT and SSG protocols were noted, however the aerobic capacity benefits provided by SSG warrant this HIIT protocol as a highly recommended training modality in the professional soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał T Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland -
| | - James J Laskin
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Jan Gajewski
- Department of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert S Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Modric T, Versic S, Alexe DI, Gilic B, Mihai I, Drid P, Radulovic N, Saavedra JM, Menjibar RB. Decline in Running Performance in Highest-Level Soccer: Analysis of the UEFA Champions League Matches. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36290343 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that there is a decline in match running performance (MRP) towards the end of matches. To clarify whether it is primarily a consequence of fatigue, pacing or situational influences, this study aimed to examine MRP across 15-min match periods for players on different playing positions. Players’ MRP (n = 244) were examined from the UEFA Champions League matches (n = 20) using a semiautomatic optical tracking system. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were adjusted to analyze MRP over the six 15-min match periods while controlling the influence of situational factors. No effects of match outcome, match location, team, and opponent quality on total distance (TD) and high-intensity running (HIR) for players in all playing positions were found (F = 0.03−2.75; all p > 0.05). Significant differences in TD (F = 17.57−53.01; η2 = 0.39−0.52, all large effect sizes) and HIR (F = 3.67−7.64; η2 = 0.05−0.19, small to medium effect sizes) among six 15-minute match periods were found for players in all playing positions. In addition, players in all playing positions covered less TD (d = 1.41−2.15, large to very large effect sizes) and HIR (d = 0.16−0.6, trivial to medium effect sizes) in the last compared to the first 15-min match period. No differences in TD and HIR between the last two match periods in the second half were observed. This study confirmed that soccer players reduce MRP towards the end of matches, and suggest that the decline of MPR in highest-level soccer may be a consequence of pacing strategies.
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Choi JH, Joo CH. Match activity profile of professional female soccer players during a season. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:324-329. [PMID: 36420471 PMCID: PMC9650312 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244354.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to understand movement characteristics of elite female soccer players during a match to develop effective training program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical demands of Korean female professional soccer players during a competitive season. Twenty-four female professional players (age: 27.8±3.9 years; height: 165.7± 5.1 cm) from a team, belonging to the women's professional soccer league in South Korea participated in the study. The players participated in 11 home matches and 10 away matches from April 26 to November 9 of the 2011 season. Body weight and body mass index decreased during the first half-season compared to the preseason (P<0.05), and the decreased values were maintained until the second half-season. Total distance covered by the players was more than 9.5 km per match. No difference was found in the total distance, movement distance by exercise intensities, number of sprints and accelerations, and maximum speed between the first half- and second half-seasons. Midfielders covered the most distance during a match compared to other positions (P<0.05). Wing forward covered the most distance of high-intensity exercise. Maximum speed during the match was higher among wing forward and forward than in other positions (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between home and away matches in all variables (P>0.05). In conclusion, in order to improve the performance of female soccer players and prevent injuries, a training program should be constructed that considers the characteristics of each player and playing position rather than uniform training in a team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Football Science, Honam University, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Chang-Hwa Joo
- Department of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon,
Korea
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Versic S, Modric T, Katanic B, Jelicic M, Sekulic D. Analysis of the Association between Internal and External Training Load Indicators in Elite Soccer; Multiple Regression Study. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 36136390 DOI: 10.3390/sports10090135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the external training load (ETL) variables that are most influential on the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) during elite soccer training. The participants (n = 29) were adult male soccer players from a single team that competed in Croatia’s highest national soccer competition in the 2021/2022 season. Data were collected using the 10 Hz Global Positioning System from 66 training sessions, and a total of 1061 training observations were undertaken. The univariate and multivariate relationships among the predictors (ETL variables) and the criterion (sRPE) were assessed using forward stepwise multiple regressions and Pearson’s correlations, respectively. ETL variables explained 63% of the variance in the sRPE (Multiple R = 0.79; p < 0.01), and the model was successfully cross-validated. The significant partial regressors were total distance (β = 0.66), metres per minute (β = −0.47), high-intensity accelerations (β = 0.22) and decelerations (β = 0.18), and sprint distance (β = 0.14). All ETL variables were significantly correlated with the sRPE (all p < 0.01), with the highest correlations found for total distance covered (r = 0.70) and high-intensity accelerations and decelerations (r = 0.62 and 0.65, respectively). Such results show that (i) the total distance and acceleration rates during the training sessions are the most important predictors of the sRPE, and (ii) a combination of different ETL variables predicts the sRPE better than any individual parameter alone. This study shows that both the volume and intensity of training are related to players’ internal responses. The findings ultimately provide further evidence to support the use of sRPE as a global measure of training load in soccer players.
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Abstract
This study aimed to 1) examine the periods in which maximal intensity sprints occurred during professional soccer matches and 2) analyze the maximal intensity sprints registered in match play considering the effect of playing position and other contextual variables. A total of 1252 match observations were collected from 277 male professional soccer players. Sprinting actions at maximal intensity were analyzed during 30 official matches, and both contextual and performance variables were collected using electronic performance and tracking systems. Maximal intensity sprints were more frequent in the first and last periods of the match (0'-15'; 75'-90'), regardless of the playing position (χ2=23.01; p=0.29; ES=0.07). These sprints were usually non-linear actions without possession of the ball and had different tactical purposes depending on the playing position. In addition, regarding the physical performance required by maximal intensity sprints, that the mean sprint duration ranged from ~4.9 s to ~9 s, the mean distance covered ranged from ~30 m to ~55 m, while the mean maximum velocity was between ~30.12 and ~32.80 km/h depending on the tactical purpose and playing position. In conclusion, professional soccer players need to be prepared during warm-ups for maximal intensity sprints in the first period of the match as well as maximal intensity sprints under high fatigue conditions given the frequency of sprints in the last period of the match. Also, training drills should be designed with a special focus on non-linear sprints without possession of the ball, based on the main tactical purpose of each position (e.g., CD: interceptions; MF: recovery runs; FB, WMF and FW: run the channel).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Resta
- Department of Competitions and Mediacoach, LaLiga, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Muyor
- Health Research Centre. University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab). Research Central Services. University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Alanis A, Salas O, Salas K, Quintero I, Carranza Y, Salazar L. Playing at altitude. Performance of a Mexican professional football team at different level of altitude. Apunts Sports Medicine 2022; 57:100391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2022.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Modric T, Versic S, Chmura P, Konefał M, Andrzejewski M, Jukic I, Drid P, Pocek S, Sekulic D. Match Running Performance in UEFA Champions League: Is There a Worthwhile Association with Team Achievement? Biology 2022; 11:biology11060867. [PMID: 35741388 PMCID: PMC9219775 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study demonstrated that running performance (RP) is not the factor which defines team achievement in UEFA Champions League (UCL) group stage, indicating that the success of the teams who compete at the elite-level soccer is not influenced by pure physical performance. Although RP will not assure success, considering high physical demands observed in UCL, conditioning of the players who compete at the elite-level soccer should be at the highest possible level. These findings could help soccer coaches to optimize the training process of elite soccer players. Abstract Although running performance (RP) is considered an important factor of success in soccer, there is a lack of studies to examine this issue in highest-level soccer competition, such as UEFA Champions League (UCL). Therefore, the main objective of this study was to analyse players’ RP according to the achievement of their teams in UCL. In addition, position specific RP of the players who competed in the UCL was evaluated. The players’ RPs (n = 244) were collected during UCL group stage matches (n = 20) in the 2020/21 season using semiautomatic optical system InStat Fitness. A team’s achievement was defined by qualification of the team from the group stage into the knockout stage of the UCL, and by total group points earned at the end of the UCL group stage. Linear mixed models and Pearson’s correlation were used to examine differences in players’ RP according to the achievement of their teams. Results indicated (i) similar values of RP irrespective of whether the teams qualified from the group stage into the knockout stage of the UCL, and (ii) trivial-to-small correlations between RP and total group points. Such findings show that players’ RP was poorly related to the achievement of their teams in the UCL group stage, indicating trivial influence of RP on success in elite-level soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51612 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Human Motor Skills, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51612 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Igor Jukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (P.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Suncica Pocek
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (P.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Botelho R, Abad CCC, Spadari RC, Winckler C, Garcia MC, Guerra RLF. Psychophysiological Stress Markers During Preseason Among Elite Female Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1648-1654. [PMID: 35622110 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Botelho, R, Abad, CCC, Spadari, RC, Winckler, C, Garcia, MC, and Guerra, RLF. Psychophysiological stress markers during preseason among elite female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1648-1654, 2022-This study aimed to investigate changes and correlations between mood states and various physiological stress markers after a 7-week preseason period among elite female soccer players. Twenty-four elite female soccer players participated in this study (26.4 ± 3.7 years). Their internal training load, mood states, day and evening salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, blood creatine kinase concentration (CK), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed during the first week of preseason (PRE), and again 7 weeks after a systematic training period (END). After the preseason, there were significant increases in subject negative mood scales (p ≤ 0.03; Effect Size [ES] > 0.60), total mood scores (p = 0.01; QI = 100/0/0; ES = 1.32), day and evening testosterone and cortisol concentrations (p ≤ 0.03; ES > 0.54), and CK concentrations (p = 0.01; QI = 100/0/0; ES = 1.54). Correlations were found between cortisol and tension (r = 0.53 and 0.60; p ≤ 0.02), cortisol and confusion (r = 0.75; p = 0.01), and cortisol and the LF/HF index of HRV (r = -0.52; p = 0.04). Mood states (except vigor), salivary testosterone, and cortisol concentrations, as well as CK, showed significant changes after a 7-week systematic training system. The cortisol was the factor most highly related to various mood states (including tension and confusion), and with the HRV indices. Coaches and researchers can use these data to design, monitor, and control soccer training programs, in particular throughout the preseason period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Botelho
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.,Sport Science Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar C C Abad
- Nucleus of High Performance in Sport (NAR), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Lusofona Faculty, Health and Science Department, Cotia, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C Spadari
- Stress Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ciro Winckler
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; and
| | - Márcia C Garcia
- Stress Biology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L F Guerra
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; and.,Sport Science Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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Le Scouarnec J, Samozino P, Andrieu B, Thubin T, Morin JB, Favier FB. Effects of Repeated Sprint Training With Progressive Elastic Resistance on Sprint Performance and Anterior-Posterior Force Production in Elite Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1675-1681. [PMID: 35622112 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Le Scouarnec, J, Samozino, P, Andrieu, B, Thubin, T, Morin, JB, and Favier, FB. Effects of repeated sprint training with progressive elastic resistance on sprint performance and anterior-posterior force production in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1675-1681, 2022-This study aimed to determine whether repeated sprint training with progressive high elastic resistance could improve sprint performance and anterior-posterior (AP) force production capacities of elite young soccer players. Seven elite U19 soccer players underwent 10 sessions of elastic-resisted repeated sprints on 8 weeks, whereas 8 U17 players from the same academy (control group) followed the same protocol without elastic bands. Sprint performance and mechanical parameters were recorded on a 30-m sprint before and after training. The control group did not show change for any of the measured variables. In contrast, the elastic-resisted training resulted in a significant improvement of the sprint time (-2.1 ± 1.3%; p = 0.026; Hedges' g = -0.49) and maximal velocity (Vmax; +3.9 ± 2%; p = 0.029; Hedges' g = 0.61) reached during the 30-m sprint. These enhancements were concurrent with an increase in the maximal power output related to AP force (Pmax; +4.9 ± 5.1%%; p = 0.026; Hedges' g = 0.42). Although the theoretical maximal AP force (F0) remained unchanged in both groups, there was a medium but nonsignificant increase in theoretical maximal velocity (V0; +3.7 ± 2.5%; p = 0.13; Hedges' g = 0.5) only in the elastic group. Therefore, the present results show that sprint capacity of elite young soccer players can be further improved by adding incremental resistance against runner displacement to raise the ability to produce AP force, rather at high velocity in the final phase of the acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Le Scouarnec
- DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Samozino
- Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Chambéry, France ; and
| | | | - Teddy Thubin
- Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morin
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, Saint-Étienne, France
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González-Fernández FT, Sarmento H, González-Víllora S, Pastor-Vicedo JC, Martínez-Aranda LM, Clemente FM. Cognitive and Physical Effects of Warm-Up on Young Soccer Players. Motor Control 2022;:1-19. [PMID: 35349981 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of with (WC) or without conducting a warm up on youth soccer players immediately before performing physical and cognitive tests. Fourteen youth soccer player (age 11.64 ± 0.50) participated in a counterbalanced cross-sectional study in which three conditions were tested: (a) basal lineal condition; (b) WC (immediately before the physical and cognitive tests); and (c) without WC (passive resting for 15 min between the warm-up and physical and cognitive tests). A 30-m sprint test, countermovement jump, and psychomotor vigilance task were also applied. The WC revealed significant improvements in countermovement jump (p < .05), 30-m sprint test performance (p < .05), and reaction time in psychomotor vigilance task (p < .05) in comparison to basal lineal condition and without WC. A 15-min rest after a warm-up has a meaningfully decremental effect on the physical and cognitive readiness of youth soccer players, in comparison with when they warm-up immediately before the demands are imposed.
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Chaalali A, Bouriel K, Rouissi M, Chtara M, Mkaouer B, Cronin J, Chaouachi A, Chamari K. Resisted sprint training with partner towing improves explosive force and sprint performance in young soccer players - a pilot study. Biol Sport 2022; 39:379-87. [PMID: 35309532 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of non-resisted (NRS) and partner-towing resisted (RS) sprint training on legs explosive force, sprint performance and sprint kinematic parameters. Sixteen young elite soccer players (age 16.6 ± 0.2 years, height 175.6 ± 5.7 cm, and body mass 67.6 ± 8.2 kg) were randomly allocated to two training groups: resisted sprint RS (n = 7) and non-resisted sprint NRS (n = 9). The RS group followed a six-week sprint training programme consisting of two "sprint training sessions" per week in addition to their usual soccer training. The NRS group followed a similar sprint training programme, replicating the distances of sprints but without any added resistance. All players were assessed before and after training: vertical and horizontal jumping (countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and 5-jump test (5JT)), 30 m sprint performance (5, 10, and 20 m split times), and running kinematics (stride length and frequency). In the RS group significant (p < 0.05) changes were: decreased sprint time for 0-5 m, 0-10 m and 0-30 m (-6.31, -5.73 and -2.00%; effect size (ES) = 0.70, 1.00 and 0.41, respectively); higher peak jumping height (4.23% and 3.59%; ES = 0.35 and 0.37, for SJ and CMJ respectively); and 5JT (3.10%; ES = 0.44); and increased stride frequency (3.96%; ES = 0.76). In the NRS group, significant (p < 0.05) changes were: decreased sprint time at 0-30 m (-1.34%, ES = 0.33) and increased stride length (1.21%; ES = 0.17). RS training (partner towing) for six weeks in young soccer players showed more effective performances in sprint, stride frequency and lower-limb explosive force, while NRS training improved sprint performance at 0-30 m and stride length. Consequently, coaches and physical trainers should consider including RS training as part of their sprint training to ensure optimal sprint performance.
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Wagemans J, Catteeuw P, Vandenhouten J, Jansen J, de Corte X, Ceusters C, Vissers D. The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Performance and Mental Health-A Retrospective Case Series of Belgian Male Professional Football Players. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:803130. [PMID: 34966896 PMCID: PMC8710515 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.803130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: As every season, physical performance of players of Royal Antwerp FC's first team was regularly tested and mental well-being and mood were assessed during football season 2020-2021. Just like in the general population, several professional athletes were infected by SARS-CoV-2 during that season. COVID-19 is a complex disorder affecting multiple body systems, potentially damaging lungs, affecting the cardiovascular system or causing muscle weakness. Therefore, the impact of COVID-19 on performance was a major concern for the affected football players and their entourage. Objectives: To retrospectively examine the influence of COVID-19 on physical performance and mental health in professional football athletes during the season 2020-2021. Methods: Thirty-three professional athletes (age: 25.37 ± 4.11 years; height: 182.75 ± 7.62 cm; weight: 78.90 ± 8.97 kg) of a Belgian first division football club were assessed weekly during the 2020-2021 season. Weekly assessments comprised strength values of the hamstrings, hip abductors and hip adductors, jump performance, a modified Hooper questionnaire to assess mental status and nose swab PCR tests for COVID-19. Data analysis was performed from 2 weeks prior to COVID-19 contamination up to 8 weeks after the first positive test. Post-hoc Bonferroni correction was applied when performing statistical analysis. Results: Eleven players tested positive for COVID-19. Duration of contamination was 13 ± 7 days. There was no statistically significant difference before and after COVID-19 infection for jump performance, and adductor and abductor muscle strength (p > 0.05). Functional hamstring strength improved significantly 2 weeks (MD: 41.48; 95%CI: -3.79 to 86.75; p = 0.009) and 4 weeks (MD: 34.76; 95%CI: -8.91 to 78.42; p = 0.019) after COVID-19, whereas mood (MD: -0.60; 95%CI: -1.46 to 0.26; p = 0.041), stress levels (MD: -0.83; 95%CI: -1.85 to 0.20; p = 0.020) and total wellness (MD: -2.41; 95%CI: -5.25 to 0.43; p = 0.015) showed a significant reduction 8 weeks after confirmed COVID-19. Conclusion: Physical performance varied considerably across outcomes before and 8 weeks after COVID-19 contamination in a sample of first division football players. However, affected football players' overall well-being, stress levels and mood diminished after a positive COVID-19 test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Wagemans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Catteeuw
- Royal Antwerp Football Club, Performance and Physiotherapy, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Vandenhouten
- Royal Antwerp Football Club, Performance and Physiotherapy, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jordi Jansen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xander de Corte
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ciesse Ceusters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vissers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Sekulic D, Versic S, Decelis A, Castro-Piñero J, Javorac D, Dimitric G, Idrizovic K, Jukic I, Modric T. The Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Position-Specific Match Running Performance of Professional Football Players; Preliminary Observational Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182212221. [PMID: 34831977 PMCID: PMC8624781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted professional football in the 2019/2020 season, and football experts anticipate that the consequences of lockdown measures will negatively affect the physical performance of players once competition restarts. This study aimed to evaluate position-specific match running performance (MRP) to determine the effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on the physical performance of professional football players. Players’ MRPs (n = 124) were observed in matches before and after the COVID-19 lockdown in the 2019/2020 season of the highest level of national competition in Croatia and were classified according to player position: central defenders (CD; n = 42), fullbacks (FB; n = 20), midfielders (MF; n = 46), and forwards (FW; n = 16). The MRPs were measured using Global Positioning System, and included the total distance covered, low-intensity running (≤14.3 km/h), running (14.4–19.7 km/h), high-intensity running (≥19.8 km/h), total accelerations (>0.5 m/s2), high-intensity accelerations (>3 m/s2), total decelerations (less than –0.5 m/s2), and high-intensity decelerations (less than –3 m/s2). The results indicated that, in matches after the COVID-19 lockdown, (i) CDs and FBs featured lower running and high-intensity running (t-value: from 2.05 to 3.51; all p < 0.05; moderate to large effect sizes), (ii) MFs covered a greater distance in low-intensity running and achieved a lower number of total accelerations, and total and high-intensity decelerations (t-value: from –3.54 to 2.46; all p < 0.05, moderate to large effect sizes), and (iii) FWs featured lower high-intensity running (t-value = 2.66, p = 0.02, large effect size). These findings demonstrate that the physical performances of football players from the Croatian first division significantly decreased in matches after the COVID-19 lockdown. A combination of inadequate adaptation to football-specific match demands and a crowded schedule after the competition was restarted most likely resulted in such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (S.V.)
- HNK Hajduk, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Andrew Decelis
- Institute for Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Dejan Javorac
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Goran Dimitric
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.J.); (G.D.)
| | - Kemal Idrizovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, 81400 Niksic, Montenegro;
| | - Igor Jukic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Derakhti M, Bremec D, Kambič T, Ten Siethoff L, Psilander N. Four Weeks of Power Optimized Sprint Training Improves Sprint Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-9. [PMID: 34706340 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of heavy resisted sprint training (RST) versus unresisted sprint training (UST) on sprint performance among adolescent soccer players. METHODS Twenty-four male soccer players (age: 15.7 [0.5] y; body height: 175.7 [9.4] cm; body mass: 62.5 [9.2] kg) were randomly assigned to the RST group (n = 8), the UST group (n = 10), or the control group (n = 6). The UST group performed 8 × 20 m unresisted sprints twice weekly for 4 weeks, whereas the RST group performed 5 × 20-m heavy resisted sprints with a resistance set to maximize the horizontal power output. The control group performed only ordinary soccer training and match play. Magnitude-based decision and linear regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The RST group improved sprint performances with moderate to large effect sizes (0.76-1.41) across all distances, both within and between groups (>92% beneficial effect likelihood). Conversely, there were no clear improvements in the UST and control groups. The RST evoked the largest improvements over short distances (6%-8%) and was strongly associated with increased maximum horizontal force capacities (r = .9). Players with a preintervention deficit in force capacity appeared to benefit the most from RST. CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of heavy RST led to superior improvements in short-sprint performance compared with UST among adolescent soccer players. Heavy RST, using a load individually selected to maximize horizontal power, is therefore highly recommended as a method to improve sprint acceleration in youth athletes.
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Oliveira R, Martins A, Nobari H, Nalha M, Mendes B, Clemente FM, Brito JP. In-season monotony, strain and acute/chronic workload of perceived exertion, global positioning system running based variables between player positions of a top elite soccer team. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:126. [PMID: 34641968 PMCID: PMC8620662 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The interpretation of the load variations across a period seems important to control the weekly progression or variation of the load, or to identify within- micro and mesocycle variations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the in-season variations of training monotony, training strain, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance and high-speed running (HSR) according to playing positions in an elite soccer team. Methods Seventeen professional players from an European First League team participated in this study. They were divided four central defenders (CD), three wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), three wide midfielders (WM) and three strikers (ST). The players were monitored daily over a 41-week period of competition where 52 matches occurred during the 2015–2016 in-season. Through the collection of s-RPE, total distance and HSR, training monotony, training strain and ACWR were calculated for each measure, respectively. Data were analysed across ten mesocycles (M: 1–10). Results The main results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for TMs-RPE between CD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2; between CD vs. CM (moderate effect) for TS of s-RPE; between CD vs. ST moderate effect) in M6 for ACWR of s-RPE. In addition, there was significant difference between CM vs. ST (moderate effect) in M2 for TS of TD; between WD vs. ST (moderate effect) in M3 for ACWR of TD. Moreover, there were significant differences for TM of HSR between CD vs. WD (very large effect); CD vs. WD (moderate effect) in M4 for TS of HSR. Conclusions The present study presents new insights to coaches and technical staff about the variation profiling of TM, TS, and ACWR calculated with internal and external load measures, between player positions during 10 mesocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Martins
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran. .,Sepahan Football Club, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Matilde Nalha
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Falculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Delegação da Covilhã, Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Life Quality Research Centre, 2140-413, Rio Maior, Portugal.,Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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Modric T, Jelicic M, Sekulic D. Relative Training Load and Match Outcome: Are Professional Soccer Players Actually Undertrained during the In-Season? Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:139. [PMID: 34678920 DOI: 10.3390/sports9100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examined training/match ratios (TMr) to determine the training load relative to the match load, but the influence of the relative training load (RTL) on success in soccer is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible influence of RTL on final match outcome in soccer (win, draw, and loss). Running performances (RP) of soccer players (n = 21) in the Croatian highest national soccer competition were analyzed during the season 2020–2021. Data were measured by the global positioning system in 14 official matches and 67 training sessions. RTL was assessed by TMr, which were calculated as the ratio of RP during training and match in the same week, evaluating the following measures: TDr (total distance ratio), LIDr (low-intensity distance ratio), RDr (running distance ratio), HIDr (high-intensity distance ratio), ACCr (total accelerations ratio), DECr (total decelerations ratio), HI-ACCr (high-intensity accelerations ratio), HI-DECr (high-intensity decelerations ratio). All TMr were examined separately for each training session within in-season microcycles (categorized as days before the match day, i.e., MD minus). Spearman correlations were used to identify association between match outcome and TMr. The results indicated negative associations between match outcome and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-1 and MD-2). In contrast, positive associations were evidenced between match outcome, and HIDr on MD-3 and TDr, LIDr, ACCr and DECr on MD-5 (p < 0.05; all moderate correlations). These findings demonstrate that final match outcome in soccer was associated with greater RTL of (i) high-intensity running three days before the match, (ii) total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations five days before the match, and (iii) lower RTL of total and low-intensity running, accelerations and decelerations one and two days before the match.
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Freire LA, de Brito MA, Esteves NS, Tannure M, Slimani M, Znazen H, Bragazzi NL, Brito CJ, Soto DAS, Gonçalves D, Miarka B. Running Performance of High-Level Soccer Player Positions Induces Significant Muscle Damage and Fatigue Up to 24 h Postgame. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708725. [PMID: 34594273 PMCID: PMC8477007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of a soccer game on the creatine kinase (Ck) response and recovery and the specific Global Positioning System (GPS)-accelerometry-derived performance analysis during matches and comparing playing positions. A sample composed of 118 observations of 24 professional soccer teams of the Brazil League Serie A was recruited and classified according to playing positions, i.e., Left/Right Defenders (D = 30, age: 25.2 ± 5.8 years, height: 187 ± 5.5 cm, weight: 80 ± 5.8 kg), Offensive Midfielders (OM = 44, age: 25.1 ± 0.2 years, height: 177 ± 0.3 cm, weight: 73 ± 1.2 kg), Forwards (F = 9, age: 25.1 ± 0.2 years, height: 176.9 ± 4.3 cm, weight: 74.5 ± 2.1 kg), Left/Right Wingers (M = 23, age: 24.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 175 ± 1.1 cm, weight: 74 ± 4.4 kg), and Strikers (S = 12, age: 28 ± 0.2 years, height: 184 ± 1.0 cm, weight: 80 ± 1.4 kg). Blood Ck concentration was measured pre-, immediately post-, and 24 h postgame, and the GPS-accelerometry parameters were assessed during games. Findings demonstrated that Ck concentrations were higher at all postgame moments when compared with pregame, with incomplete recovery markers being identified up to 24 h after the game (range: 402–835 U/L). Moreover, Midfielders (108.6 ± 5.6 m/min) and Forwards (109.1 ± 8.3 m/min) had a higher relative distance vs. other positions (100.9 ± 10.1 m/min). Strikers [8.2 (8.1, 9.05) load/min] and Defenders [8.45 (8, 8.8) load/min] demonstrated lower load/min than Wingers [9.5 (9.2, 9.8) load/min], Midfielders [10.6 (9.9, 11.67) load/min], and Forwards [11 (10.65, 11, 15) load/min]. These results could be used to adopt specific training programs and recovery strategies after match according to the playing positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Albuquerque Freire
- Department of Fights, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele Andrade de Brito
- Department of Fights, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natã Sant'anna Esteves
- Department of Fights, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio Tannure
- Department of Fights, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maamer Slimani
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Hela Znazen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, College of Education, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ciro José Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Gonçalves
- Department of Fights, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Miarka
- Department of Fights, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Redd MJ, Starling-Smith TM, Herring CH, Stock MS, Wells AJ, Stout JR, Fukuda DH. Tensiomyographic Responses to Warm-Up Protocols in Collegiate Male Soccer Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6. [PMID: 34698223 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of knee flexors and extensors in 15 collegiate male soccer players following different warm-up protocols [small-sided games (SSG), dynamic (DYN), and plyometric (PLY)] were evaluated. Tensiomyography (TMG) was used to assess contraction time (Tc), delay time (Td) and maximal displacement (Dm) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) of both legs before and after each warm-up, while countermovement jump height variables, 20 m sprint, t-test and sit-and-reach were measured following the warm-ups. TMG was analyzed using a three-way [condition × time × leg] ANOVA, while performance variables were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA. Main effects of time were observed for BF-Tc (p = 0.035), RF-Td (p < 0.001), and BF-Td, (p = 0.008), and a main effect of condition was seen for RF-Tc (p = 0.038). Moreover, participants' 20 m sprint improved following SSG (p = 0.021) compared to DYN and PLY. Sit-and-reach was greater following PLY (p = 0.021). No significant interactions were noted for the measured TMG variables. Warm-up-specific improvements were demonstrated in sprint speed and flexibility following SSG and PLY, respectively. The present study revealed changes in certain TMG measures following the warm-ups that suggest enhanced response of lower leg muscles regardless of specific activities used.
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Zouhal H, Coppalle S, Ravé G, Dupont G, Jan J, Tourny C, Ahmaidi S. Football de haut-niveau : analyses physique et physiologique – blessures et prévention. Sci Sports 2021; 36:332-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Teixeira JE, Leal M, Ferraz R, Ribeiro J, Cachada JM, Barbosa TM, Monteiro AM, Forte P. Effects of Match Location, Quality of Opposition and Match Outcome on Match Running Performance in a Portuguese Professional Football Team. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:973. [PMID: 34441113 DOI: 10.3390/e23080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of match location, quality of opposition and match outcome on match running performance according to playing position in a Portuguese professional football team. Twenty-three male professional football players were monitored from eighteen Portuguese Football League matches during the 2019-2020 season. Global positioning system technology (GPS) was used to collect time-motion data. The match running performance was obtained from five playing positions: central defenders (CD), fullbacks (FB), central midfielders (CM), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (FW). Match running performance was analyzed within specific position and contextual factors using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, standardized (Cohen) differences and smallest worthwhile change. CM and WM players covered significantly greater total distance (F = 15.45, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.334) and average speed (F = 12.79, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.294). WM and FB players covered higher distances at high-speed running (F = 16.93, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.355) and sprinting (F = 13.49; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.305). WM players covered the highest number of accelerations (F = 4.69, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.132) and decelerations (F = 12.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.284). The match running performance was influenced by match location (d = 0.06-2.04; CI: -0.42-2.31; SWC = 0.01-1.10), quality of opposition (d = 0.13-2.14; CI: -0.02-2.60; SWC = 0.01-1.55) and match outcome (d = 0.01-2.49; CI: -0.01-2.31; SWC = 0.01-0.35). Contextual factors influenced the match running performance with differential effects between playing positions. This study provides the first report about the contextual influence on match running performance in a Portuguese professional football team. Future research should also integrate tactical and technical key indicators when analyzing the match-related contextual influence on match running performance.
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Arjol-Serrano JL, Lampre M, Díez A, Castillo D, Sanz-López F, Lozano D. The Influence of Playing Formation on Physical Demands and Technical-Tactical Actions According to Playing Positions in an Elite Soccer Team. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18084148. [PMID: 33919928 PMCID: PMC8070941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the differences in the physical demands and technical-tactical actions encountered by soccer players between two playing formations (1-4-2-3-1 and 1-4-4-2) for each playing position. Twenty-three professional male soccer players who played 31 official matches participated in this study. Players were classified according to their playing position: central defenders (CD), wide defenders (WD), central midfielders (CM), wide midfielders (WM), offensive midfielders (OM) and forwards (FW). The physical demands were collected as total distance (TD), distance covered in different speed thresholds, and number of accelerations and decelerations. Also, the technical-tactical variables were recorded. The results showed that the 1-4-2-3-1 playing formation demanded decelerations between 2–4 m·s2 (p = 0.027; ES = 0.26) in comparison with 1-4-4-2 for all players. Likewise, forwards (FW) and central midfielders (CM) registered higher physical demands playing with the 1-4-2-3-1 compared to the 1-4-4-2 formation. Regarding the technical-tactical actions, they showed differences between the playing positions of the two playing formations. The findings suggest coaches prescribe specific training programs based on the influence of the playing formation and playing position on the physical demands and technical-tactical actions encountered by players during official match-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Arjol-Serrano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.A.-S.); (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Miguel Lampre
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.A.-S.); (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Adrián Díez
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.A.-S.); (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Fernando Sanz-López
- National Sports Medicine Program (NSMP) Aspetar Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Hospital, 29222 Doha, Qatar;
| | - Demetrio Lozano
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.A.-S.); (M.L.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-060-100
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Longo UG, Sofi F, Candela V, Risi Ambrogioni L, Pagliai G, Massaroni C, Schena E, Cimmino M, D'Ancona F, Denaro V. The influence of athletic performance on the highest positions of the final ranking during 2017/2018 Serie A season. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:32. [PMID: 33766112 PMCID: PMC7992946 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous study on the 2016/2017 Serie A season showed that a greater likelihood of reaching the top positions in the Italian league “Serie A” seemed to be mainly related to sprint activity, goal attempts, total throws, target shots and assists. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the following season data in the same league to compare, confirm, and improve these results. Methods The data of all the matches played during the “Serie A” 2017–2018 season were obtained from the Italian soccer league. The teams’ analysis was performed in terms of total distance covered in km, jogging, running and sprint activities, average speed, and match statistics (total shots, shots on target, goal attempts, assists, turnovers, and steals). Results Teams that reached the first four positions revealed a lower percentage of running (65.98 ± 1.51 vs. 66.84 ± 2.18; p < 0.001), a higher percentage of jogging (25.61 ± 1.71 vs. 25.30 ± 1.97; p = 0.037) and sprint activities (8.41 ± 1.04 vs. 7.86 ± 0.82; p < 0.001). Match statistics seem to be statistically different between the first four teams the other teams. The total goals are strongly associated both with the total score at the end of the championship (R = 0.906; p < 0.001) and with the position in the final ranking (R = 0.850; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that high-level teams have a lower running rate and a higher percentage of jogging and sprinting than other teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria,, 00128, Rome, Italy. .,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. .,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Onlus IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria,, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Risi Ambrogioni
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria,, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cimmino
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria,, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio D'Ancona
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria,, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria,, 00128, Rome, Italy. .,Centro Integrato di Ricerca (CIR), Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
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Nobari H, Oliveira R, Brito JP, Pérez-Gómez J, Clemente FM, Ardigò LP. Comparison of Running Distance Variables and Body Load in Competitions Based on Their Results: A Full-Season Study of Professional Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:2077. [PMID: 33672740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the external workload in win, draw and defeat matches and to compare first and second halves in the Iranian Premier League. Observations on individual match performance measures were undertaken on thirteen outfield players (age, 28.6 ± 2.7 years; height, 182.1 ± 8.6 cm; body mass, 75.3 ± 8.2 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) competing in the Iranian Premier League. High-speed activities selected for analysis included total duration of matches, total distance, average speed, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, maximal speed and GPS-derived body load data. In general, there were higher workloads in win matches when compared with draw or defeat for all variables; higher workloads in the first halves of win and draw matches; higher total distance, high-speed running distance and body load in the second half in defeat matches. Specifically, lower average speed was found in matches with a win than with draw or defeat (p < 0.05). Sprint distance was higher in the first half of win than defeat matches and high-speed running distance was lower in draw than defeat matches (all, p < 0.05). In addition, first half presented higher values for all variables, regardless of the match result. Specifically, high-speed running distance was higher in the first half of matches with a win (p = 0.08) and total distance was higher in the first half of matches with a draw (p = 0.012). In conclusion, match result influences the external workload demands and must be considered in subsequent training sessions and matches.
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Nobari H, Silva AF, Clemente FM, Siahkouhian M, García-Gordillo MÁ, Adsuar JC, Pérez-Gómez J. Analysis of Fitness Status Variations of Under-16 Soccer Players Over a Season and Their Relationships With Maturational Status and Training Load. Front Physiol 2021; 11:597697. [PMID: 33613301 PMCID: PMC7892949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.597697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were (i) to analyze the variations in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), maximal heart rate (HRmax), heart rate at rest, acceleration, maximal speed, agility, anaerobic sprint test (RAST) of peak power (RPP), RAST of minimum power, RAST of average power (RAP), and RAST of fatigue index (RFI) during the competitive season, using maturation status and accumulated training load as covariates, and (ii) to describe the differences between responders and non-responders in relation to baseline levels. Twenty-three elite players from the same team competing in the national under-16 competitions were evaluated for 20 weeks in period 1 (before league), middle (mid league), and period 2 (after league). The VO2max (p = 0.009), maximal speed (p = 0.001), RPP (p < 0.001), RAP (p < 0.001), and RFI (p < 0.001) significantly changed across the assessment periods. Interestingly, using accumulated training load and maturation status as covariates revealed no statistical significance (p > 0.05). When analyzing responders and non-responders, only HRmax (between periods 1 and 2) showed no differences between the groups. As a conclusion, it can be seen that accumulated training load and maturation status play an important role in the differences observed across the season. Thus, coaches should consider the importance of these two factors to carefully interpret fitness changes in their players and possibly adjust training decisions according to the maturation level of the players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Sport Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.,HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, Maia, Portugal.,The Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Marefat Siahkouhian
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - José Carmelo Adsuar
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Zhang Q, Pommerell F, Owen A, Trama R, Martin C, Hautier CA. Running patterns and force-velocity sprinting profiles in elite training young soccer players: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1718-1726. [PMID: 33331801 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1866078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Volodalen® field method permits to classify runners into aerial or terrestrial, based on vertical oscillation, upper-body motion, pelvis and foot position at ground contact, and foot strike pattern. The present study aimed to compare the sprint running force-velocity profiles between aerial and terrestrial runners. Sixty-Four French National-Level young soccer players (28 females, 36 males) performed three trials of unloaded maximal 40 m sprints. External horizontal power-force-velocity relationships were computed using a validated biomechanical model and based on the velocity-time curve. Accordingly, the participants were classified into patterns in aerial and terrestrial runners. Terrestrial runners showed a higher maximal horizontal force (F0) (6.73 ± 1.03 vs 6.01 ± 0.94 N·kg-1), maximal horizontal power (Pmax) (14.04 ± 3.24 vs 12.51 ± 3.31W·kg-1), maximal acceleration (Acc) (6.83 ± 0.85 vs 6.26 ± 0.89 m·s-2), and maximal rate of horizontal force (RFmax) (57.41 ± 4.64 vs 52.81 ± 5.69%) compared to aerial runners. In contrast, terrestrial runners displayed a more negative rate of decrease of RF (DRF) (-11.65 ± 1.71 vs -10.23 ± 1.66%) and slope of the Force-Velocity relationship (F-V slope) (-0.83 ± 0.11 vs -0.77 ± 0.10 N·s·m-1·kg-1) than aerial runners. The results indicate that terrestrial runners displayed more efficient force production in the forward direction and displayed more "force-oriented" F-V profiles. Nevertheless, aerial runners were more effective in maintaining a net horizontal force production with increasing speed. Our results suggest that terrestrial runners could be more adapted to the specific short distance and high acceleration sprints running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Zhang
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Félicie Pommerell
- Laboratoire Motricité, Interactions, Performance, MIP - EA4334, Le Mans Université, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Adam Owen
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Robin Trama
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe A Hautier
- Univ. Lyon, UCBL-Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne, France
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Sánchez M, Sanchez-Sanchez J, Nakamura FY, Clemente FM, Romero-Moraleda B, Ramirez-Campillo R. Effects of Plyometric Jump Training in Female Soccer Player's Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238911. [PMID: 33266195 PMCID: PMC7731275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on female soccer player’s physical fitness. To this aim, a systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) was conducted. The electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were used. To qualify for inclusion, peer-reviewed studies must have included (i) a PJT programme of ≥2 weeks, (ii) healthy athletes, (iii) a control group, and (iv) physical fitness outcomes (e.g., jump; sprint). Studies were excluded if (i) they incorporated injuried female soccer players, (ii) did not involve PJT or an active control group, (iv) lack of baseline and/or follow-up data. Data was meta-analyzed using the inverse variance random-effects model. Ten moderate-to-high quality studies were included in the analyses, comprising 13 training groups (n = 140) and 10 control groups (n = 110). Small to large (ES = 0.60–2.24; p = 0.040 to <0.001) effects were noted for countermovement jump, drop jump, kicking performance, linear sprint, change of direction speed, and endurance. The moderator analyses (i.e., PJT duration, age groups, competitive level, and soccer experience) revealed no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, PJT may improve the physical fitness of female soccer players. Such improvements might be expected after PJT interventions with six or more weeks of duration, and in players with different chronological ages, competitive levels and soccer experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sánchez
- Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (M.S.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Sanchez
- Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (M.S.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB 58051-970, Brazil;
| | - Filipe M. Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Blanca Romero-Moraleda
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Del Coso J, Brito de Souza D, Moreno-Perez V, Buldú JM, Nevado F, Resta R, López-Del Campo R. Influence of Players' Maximum Running Speed on the Team's Ranking Position at the End of the Spanish LaLiga. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8815. [PMID: 33261014 PMCID: PMC7729782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The maximum running speed that a football player can attain during match play has become one of the most popular variables to assess a player's physical talent. However, the influence of a player's maximum running speed on football performance has not yet been properly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a player's peak/maximum running speed on the team's ranking position at the end of a national league. A second aim was to investigate differences in maximum running speed among playing positions. To fulfil this aim, the peak/maximum running speeds of 475 male professional football players were recorded for 38 fixtures of the Spanish first-division league (LaLiga) from the 2017-2018 season (7838 data points). Players' peak running speeds in each match were assessed with a validated multicamera tracking system and associated software (Mediacoach®). Players' maximum running speed was established as the fastest running speed they attained during the entire season. Most players (53.5% of the total) had a maximum running speed in the range of 32.0-33.9 km/h, with only three players (0.6%) with a maximum running speed of over 35.0 km/h. Overall, forwards were faster than defenders and both types of players were faster than midfielders (33.03 ± 1.35 > 32.72 ± 1.32 > 32.08 ± 1.63 km/h; p < 0.001). There was no association between teams' maximum running speed and ranking position at the end of the league (r = -0.356, p = 0.135). The correlations between teams' maximum speeds and ranking position were low for defenders (r = -0.334, p = 0.163), midfielders (r = 0.125, p = 0.610), and forwards (r = -0.065, p = 0.791). As a result, the variance in the ranking position at the end of the season explained by a team's maximum speed was of only 7.5%. Finally, as an average for all teams, players' peak running speeds remained stable at ~30.7 ± 0.6 km/h throughout the whole season. These results suggest that successful and less successful football teams have squads with players able to obtain similar maximum running speeds during match play throughout the season. Hence, players' maximum running speeds have a poor association with the team's ranking position at the end of the Spanish professional national league.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Diego Brito de Souza
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, 28943 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Víctor Moreno-Perez
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Javier M. Buldú
- Complex Systems Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Mostoles, Spain;
| | - Fabio Nevado
- Department of Competitions and Mediacoach, LaLiga, 28043 Madrid, Spain; (F.N.); (R.R.); (R.L.-D.C.)
| | - Ricardo Resta
- Department of Competitions and Mediacoach, LaLiga, 28043 Madrid, Spain; (F.N.); (R.R.); (R.L.-D.C.)
| | - Roberto López-Del Campo
- Department of Competitions and Mediacoach, LaLiga, 28043 Madrid, Spain; (F.N.); (R.R.); (R.L.-D.C.)
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Modric T, Versic S, Sekulic D. Aerobic fitness and game performance indicators in professional football players; playing position specifics and associations. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05427. [PMID: 33195848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify associations between aerobic fitness (AF) and game performance indicator (GPI) in elite football. Participants were professional football players (males, n = 16; age: 23.76 ± 2.64; body height: 181.62 ± 7.09 cm; body mass: 77.01 ± 6.34 kg). AF testing was conducted by direct measurement and included VO2max, running speed at aerobic threshold (AeT), and running speed at anaerobic threshold (AT). The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The players were observed over one competitive half-season, resulting in 82 game performances, grouped according to the positions in game: defenders (n = 39), midfielders (n = 32) and forwards (n = 11). VO2max was not found to be a good discriminator of AF among different playing positions. AeT (F-test = 26.36. p = 0.01) and AT (F-test = 7.25, p = 0.01) were highest among midfielders, and lowest among forwards. No correlations were found between AF and GPI. This study confirmed that AeT and AT are better indicators of AF than VO2max in football players at different playing positions. The lack of associations between AF and GPI was discussed with regard to calculation of InStat as a GPI.
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Sagelv EH, Pedersen S, Nilsen LPR, Casolo A, Welde B, Randers MB, Pettersen SA. Flywheel squats versus free weight high load squats for improving high velocity movements in football. A randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:61. [PMID: 33024564 PMCID: PMC7532637 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background High load (HL: > 85% of one repetition maximum (1RM)) squats with maximal intended velocity contractions (MIVC) combined with football sessions can be considered a relevant and time-efficient practice for maintaining and improving high velocity movements in football. Flywheel (FW) resistance exercise (RE) have recently emerged with promising results on physical parameters associated with football performance. Methods In this randomized controlled trial over 6 weeks, 38 recreationally active male football players randomly performed RE with MIVCs two times per week as either 1) FW squats (n = 13) or 2) barbell free weight (BFW) HL squats (n = 13), where a third group served as controls (n = 12). All three groups conducted 2–3 football sessions and one friendly match a week during the intervention period. Pre- to post changes in 10-m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ) and 1RM partial squat were assessed with univariate analyses of variance. Results The FW and BFW group equally improved their 10-m sprint time (2 and 2%, respectively, within group: both p < 0.001) and jump height (9 and 8%, respectively, within group: both p < 0.001), which was superior to the control group’s change (between groups: both p < 0.001). The BFW group experienced a larger increase (46%) in maximal squat strength than the FW group (17%, between groups: p < 0.001), which both were higher than the control group’s change (both p < 0.001). Conclusion Squats carried out with FWs or BFWs where both are performed with MIVCs and combined with football sessions, were equally effective in improving sprint time and jump height in football players. The BFW group experienced a more than two-fold larger increase in maximal partial squat strength than the FW group in maximal partial squat strength. This presents FW RE as an alternative to BFW HL RE for improving high velocity movements in football. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04113031 (retrospectively registered, date: 02.10.2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvard H Sagelv
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sigurd Pedersen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Petter R Nilsen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andrea Casolo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boye Welde
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten B Randers
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Sport Sciences and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Svein Arne Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Modric T, Versic S, Sekulic D. Playing position specifics of associations between running performance during the training and match in male soccer players. Acta Gymnica 2020. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2020.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Marzouki H, Ouergui I, Doua N, Gmada N, Bouassida A, Bouhlel E. Effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions per week of equal-volume sprint training on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances in young soccer players. Biol Sport 2021; 38:175-83. [PMID: 34079162 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.97675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions per week of equal-volume sprint training on explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances among young soccer players. Thirty-six young male soccer players were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups that performed either a single weekly sprint training session (ST1, n = 18, age: 17.2 ± 0.8 years) or two weekly sprint training sessions (ST2, n = 18; age: 17.1 ± 0.9 years) of equal weekly and total volume, in addition to their regular soccer training regimen. Linear sprinting (10 m, 20 m, 30 m, and flying 10 m), T-test agility, countermovement jump (CMJ) and maximal oxygen consumption were assessed one week before (T1), in the middle (T2) and immediately after the 10 weeks of training (T3). A large magnitude and statistically significant main effect for time was found in all the assessed variables after both training interventions (all p < 0.001; ES ≥ 0.80). No main effect was observed between the 2 groups at any time in linear sprinting, T-test or CMJ test (p > 0.05; ES < 0.20). A significant interaction effect (F = 4.05; p = 0.04, ES = 0.21) was found for maximal oxygen consumption with ST2 inducing better performance than ST1 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.11). Our findings suggested that the two sprint training frequencies were effective in enhancing explosive, high-intensity and endurance-intensive performances. However, it is recommended for coaches and fitness coaches to use a biweekly sprint training modality as it was found to be more effective in improving endurance-intensive performance.
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Almulla J, Takiddin A, Househ M. The use of technology in tracking soccer players' health performance: a scoping review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:184. [PMID: 32782025 PMCID: PMC7422501 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantifying soccer players’ performance using different types of technologies helps coaches in making tactical decisions and maintaining players’ health. Little is known about the relation between the performance measuring technologies and the metrics they measure. The aim of this study is to identify and group the different types of technologies that are used to track the health-related performance metrics of soccer players. Methods We conducted a systematic search for articles using IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM DL, and papers from the Sports Medicine Journal. The papers were screened and extracted by two reviewers. The included papers had to fall under several criteria, including being about soccer, measuring health-related performance, and using technology to measure players’ performance. A total of 1,113 papers were reviewed and 1,069 papers were excluded through the selection process. Results We reviewed 44 papers and grouped them based on the technology used and health-related metrics tracked. In terms of technology, we categorized the used technologies into wearable technologies (N=27/44) and in-field technologies (N=14/44). We categorized the tracked health-related metrics into physiological metrics (N=16/44) and physical metrics (N=44/44). We found out that wearable technologies are mainly used to track physical metrics (N=27/27) and are also used to track physiological metrics (N=14/27). In-field technologies are only used to track physical metrics (N=24/24). Conclusion Understanding how technology is related to players’ performance and how it is used leads to an improvement in the monitoring process and performance outcomes of the players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassim Almulla
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar. .,Qatar Football Association, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdulrahman Takiddin
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.,Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mowafa Househ
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Karydopoulos C, Kapralos D, Kouidi E, Michailidis Y, Metaxas T. The effects of an integrative training program on elite young soccer players' physical performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:335-342. [PMID: 32744043 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a short duration and low weekly frequency integrative program on sprint, agility and jump performance in elite youth soccer players. METHODS Twenty-eight elite youth soccer players, members of two professional clubs, playing in the U19 developmental championship participated in this study. They were divided into 2 groups: the intervention group (EG, N.=15) and the control group (CG, N.=13). The duration of the intervention program was 8 weeks with a frequency of twice per week. The performance of the participants in the 10 meters and 30 meters speed, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and agility (Illinois agility test, Arrowhead agility test) was measured at the beginning and the end of the 8-week study. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in any performance measured between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the addition of allowing frequency and short duration training intervention program did not enhance the physical fitness indicators, in high-level young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karydopoulos
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kapralos
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yiannis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | - Thomas Metaxas
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Vallance E, Sutton-charani N, Imoussaten A, Montmain J, Perrey S. Combining Internal- and External-Training-Loads to Predict Non-Contact Injuries in Soccer. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:5261. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The large amount of features recorded from GPS and inertial sensors (external load) and well-being questionnaires (internal load) can be used together in a multi-dimensional non-linear machine learning based model for a better prediction of non-contact injuries. In this study we put forward the main hypothesis that the use of such models would be able to inform better about injury risks by considering the evolution of both internal and external loads over two horizons (one week and one month). Predictive models were trained with data collected by both GPS and subjective questionnaires and injury data from 40 elite male soccer players over one season. Various classification machine-learning algorithms that performed best on external and internal loads features were compared using standard performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. In particular, tree-based algorithms based on non-linear models with an important interpretation aspect were privileged as they can help to understand internal and external load features impact on injury risk. For 1-week injury prediction, internal load features data were more accurate than external load features while for 1-month injury prediction, the best performances of classifiers were reached by combining internal and external load features.
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Reinhardt L, Schulze S, Schwesig R, Kurz E. Physical Match Performance in Sub-elite Soccer Players - Introduction of a new Index. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:858-866. [PMID: 32629505 DOI: 10.1055/a-1165-1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined the position-specific physical performance in different locomotor categories and physiological demands concurrently in official games of sub-elite players and to present a new performance index (PI). Time-motion (distance, velocity, acceleration) and heart rate data of 55 soccer players were simultaneously captured via a GPS tracking system. The relationship between external and internal match-load (PI) was determined on the basis of heart rate, average velocity and acceleration. In contrast to the mean heart rate (85.2±3.2%, P=0.806, ηp²=0.03), the average total distance covered (9946±715 m) was largely affected by players' position (P<0.001, ηp²=0.63). Furthermore, a mixed design ANOVA showed a large interaction effect between position and locomotor category (P<0.001, ηp²=0.44). On average, PI was 1.57±0.37 m/min²/%, with notably lower values in the 2nd half. The position-specific profiles already reported for higher leagues were also present in sub-elite soccer players. Despite lower values for total distance and smaller distances in the high-intensity zones (>14.4 km/h), internal loads were comparable to those observed in European top leagues. In comparison to a performance measure that ignores accelerations, PI was shown to be less dependent on the playing position and had higher variability. Consequently, PI is better suited to distinguish between players' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Reinhardt
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Lab, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulze
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Lab, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Halle, Germany
| | - Rene Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Lab, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Halle, Germany
| | - Eduard Kurz
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Lab, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Medicine, Halle, Germany
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Vardakis L, Michailidis Y, Mandroukas A, Mavrommatis G, Christoulas K, Metaxas T. Analysis of the running performance of elite soccer players depending on position in the 1-4-3-3 formation. Ger J Exerc Sport Res 2020; 50:241-250. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-019-00639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bouguezzi R, Chaabene H, Negra Y, Ramirez-Campillo R, Jlalia Z, Mkaouer B, Hachana Y. Effects of Different Plyometric Training Frequencies on Measures of Athletic Performance in Prepuberal Male Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1609-1617. [PMID: 32453304 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bouguezzi, R, Chaabene, H, Negra, Y, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Jlalia, Z, Mkaouer, B, and Hachana, Y. Effects of different plyometric training frequencies on measures of athletic performance in prepuberal male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1609-1617, 2020-This study aimed to compare the effects of 1 vs. 2 sessions of equal-weekly volume plyometric training (PT) across 8 weeks on measures of athletic performance (i.e., sprint time, change of direction [CoD], jumping ability, and muscle strength) in prepuberal male soccer players. Thirty participants were randomly assigned either to 1 session PT group (1SPT [n = 15]) or 2 sessions PT group (2SPT [n = 15]). Plyometric training was integrated into their regular soccer training routine. Pretraining and posttraining tests for the assessment of sprint time (e.g., 5, 10, 20, and 30-m), CoD (e.g., T-test and modified Illinois change of direction test [MICODT]), jumping ability (e.g., standing long jump [SLJ], countermovement jump [CMJ], and squat jump [SJ]), muscle strength (reactive strength index [RSI]), and kicking distance were conducted. Results showed a main effect of time for 5-m sprint-time performance (F(1,56) = 4.00, effect size [ES] = 0.53 [medium], p = 0.05), T-test (F(1,56) = 23.19, ES = 1.28 [large], p < 0.001), MICODT (F(1,56) = 5.72, ES = 0.94 [large], p = 0.02), SLJ (F(1,56) = 16.63, ES = 1.09 [large], p < 0.001), CMJ (F(1,56) = 15.43, ES = 1.04 [large], p < 0.001), SJ (F(1,56) = 20.27, ES = 1.20 [large], p < 0.001), RSI (F(1,56) = 26.26, ES = 1.36 [large], p < 0.001), and kicking distance (F(1,56) = 47.19, ES = 1.83 [large], p < 0.001). There were no training group × time interactions in all the measured outcomes. In conclusion, when an equated moderate volume of jumps is performed, higher PT frequency across 8 weeks has no extra effects on prepuberal male soccer players' measures of athletic performance. The present findings may help optimizing PT interventions dedicated to prepuberal male soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Bouguezzi
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), "Sport Performance and Health," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Negra
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), "Sport Performance and Health," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Zied Jlalia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Orthopedic Pediatric Department, Kassab Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Ksar Said, Tunisia
| | - Bessem Mkaouer
- Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Younés Hachana
- Research Unit (UR17JS01), "Sport Performance and Health," Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ferraz R, Gonçalves B, Coutinho D, Oliveira R, Travassos B, Sampaio J, C. Marques M. Effects of Knowing the Task's Duration on Soccer Players' Positioning and Pacing Behaviour During Small-Sided Games. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17113843. [PMID: 32481705 PMCID: PMC7312572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify how the manipulation of knowledge regarding a training task duration constrains the pacing and tactical behaviour of soccer players when playing small-sided games (SSG). Twenty professional and experienced soccer players participated in a cross-sectional field study using three conditions: not informed on the duration of the SSG, which ended after 20 min (Unknown Condition); briefed about playing the SSG for 10 min, but after they completed the 10-min game, they were requested to complete another 10 min (Partial Condition) and informed before that they would play for 20 min (Known Condition). A global positioning system was used to measure the total distance covered and distances of different exercise training zones (walking to sprinting) and to access the dynamic players positioning through the distance from each player to all the teammates and opponents. Additionally, approximate entropy was measured to identify the regularity pattern of each gathered individual variable. The results indicate that the first 10 min of each scenario presented a higher physical impact independently of the initial information. During this time, the tactical behaviour also revealed higher variability. An increase in the distance of the teammates during the second period of 10-min for the Known scenario was also found, which may result from a lower pacing strategy. This study showed that the prior knowledge of the task duration led to different physical and tactical behaviours of the players. Furthermore, the relationship between the physical impact and the regularity of team game patterns should be well analysed by the coach, because the physical impact may be harmful to the development of the collective organization of the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ferraz
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.T.); (M.C.M.)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
- Castelo Branco Football Association, Research Department, 6000-050 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7000-645 Évora, Portugal;
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7000-645 Évora, Portugal
- Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal Football School, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Coutinho
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior—Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Life Quality Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.T.); (M.C.M.)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
- Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal Football School, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Mário C. Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.T.); (M.C.M.)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD; 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (D.C.); (J.S.)
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Clemente FM, Silva R, Castillo D, Los Arcos A, Mendes B, Afonso J. Weekly Load Variations of Distance-Based Variables in Professional Soccer Players: A Full-Season Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17093300. [PMID: 32397398 PMCID: PMC7246436 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the variations of acute load, training monotony, and training strain among early (pre-season), mid (first half of season), and end season (second half of season) periods; (2) to compare these training indicators for playing positions in different moments of the season. Nineteen professional players (age: 26.5 ± 4.3 years; experience as professional: 7.5 ± 4.3 years) from a European First League team participated in this study. The players were monitored daily over a 45-week period for the total distance (TD), distance covered (DC) at 14 km/h−1 or above (DC > 14 km/h), high-speed running above 19.8 km/h−1 (HSR) distance, and number of sprints above 25.2 km/h−1. The acute load (sum of load during a week), training monotony (mean of training load during the seven days of the week divided by the standard deviation of the training load of the seven days), and training strain (sum of the training load for all training sessions and matches during a week multiplied by training monotony) workload indices were calculated weekly for each measure and per player. Results revealed that training monotony and training strain for HSR were meaningfully greater in pre-season than in the first half of the in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.883 and p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.712, respectively) and greater than the second half of the in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.718 and p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.717). The training monotony for the sprints was meaningfully greater in pre-season than in the first half of in-season (p < 0.001; d = 0.953) and greater than the second half of in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.916). Comparisons between playing positions revealed that small-to-moderate effect sizes differences mainly for the number of sprints in acute load, training monotony, and training strain. In conclusion, the study revealed that greater acute load, training monotony, and training strain occurred in the pre-season and progressively decreased across the season. Moreover, external defenders and wingers were subjected to meaningfully greater acute load and training strain for HSR and number of sprints during the season compared to the remaining positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Rui Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Calle de Fernán González, 76, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria, Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Estr. da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, 1495-751 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Zhou
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lorenzo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Palao
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport Management, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA
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Haugen TA, Breitschädel F, Seiler S. Sprint mechanical properties in soccer players according to playing standard, position, age and sex. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1070-1076. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1741955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Haugen
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Felix Breitschädel
- Norwegian Olympic Federation, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Baron J, Bieniec A, Swinarew AS, Gabryś T, Stanula A. Effect of 12-Week Functional Training Intervention on the Speed of Young Footballers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:ijerph17010160. [PMID: 31878326 PMCID: PMC6981857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to verify the functional state of young football players using selected tests of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) protocol, as well as the impact of the 12 weeks of functional training on the speed parameters. The research was conducted on 20 highly competitive young (U17) football players. Research project was conducted in two stages: in the first part of the study, the functional assessment was made by using the FMS test, then the measurement of the speed parameters was done with the Microgate photocells system. Results showed a significant improvement in the functional state of young football players: FMS 1 (45.2% of difference, p = 0.004), FMS 2 (24.3% of difference, p = 0.012), FMS 3 (48.5% of difference, p = 0.001). After the functional training program, there was also an improvement in the parameters of the acceleration and velocity: acceleration between 5–10 m and speed between 10–30 m shows significant improvement (expressed during covering a given distance) of the footballers, amounting to 0.02 s (2.4%) and 0.04 s (1.5%). But there was no improvement in acceleration between 0–5 m. An appropriate training schedule, based on FMS results, should be adopted in the annual training program to improve basic motor skills of the football players and minimize their injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Baron
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40 065 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Anna Bieniec
- Department of Tourism and Pro-Health Physical Activity, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40 065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Andrzej S. Swinarew
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40 065 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (A.S.S.)
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 41 500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gabryś
- Department of Physical Culture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jan Długosz University, 42 200 Częstochowa, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40 065 Katowice, Poland; (J.B.); (A.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-207-5333
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Modric T, Versic S, Sekulic D, Liposek S. Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16204032. [PMID: 31640271 PMCID: PMC6843975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Preciado M, Anguera MT, Olarte M, Lapresa D. Observational Studies in Male Elite Football: A Systematic Mixed Study Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2077. [PMID: 31681054 PMCID: PMC6813914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This systematic mixed study review, focuses on the use of observation methodology in elite men's football matches, which constitutes an innovative approach, that opens up a new panorama of useful and productive research. Method: The methods used in this study follow the recommendations for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA). The search was carried out in five databases. Ninety-four articles out of 3,195 were selected and analyzed. In order to achieve a quality assessment, the guide was used to inform evaluations based on observation methodology (GREOM) (Portell et al., 2015), recognized by the EQUATOR network. Results: From the methodological review analysis, information obtained indicates that 97% of the researches used direct observation and 3% indirect observation. On the other hand, 56.5% of the articles explain the instrument used and 77% justify the applied observational design. A quantitative comparison of the proportions was made in several methodological aspects, which resulted in only 15.21% reviewing the quality of the data, and that 67.3% of the articles contributed to the mixed methods approach. The methodological review allowed us to establish procedural profiles. The results indicate that 67% of the articles have been published in English, and of these, 77% were published in journals that have an impact factor. The majority of the researchers, 53.26%, belong to Spanish entities. The most studied substantive aspects were goal (34%), possession of the ball (28%), and corner (27%). The most observed events were Leagues, World Cups, individual players and other events. Conclusions: The results obtained refer to both substantive and methodological aspects and allow us to configure a systematic review of mixed studies, in which we emphasize the aspects of a “systematic review” and a “mixed study,” within an integrated perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Preciado
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Anguera
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Olarte
- National Administrative Department of Statistics, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Lapresa
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Reche-Soto P, Cardona-Nieto D, Diaz-Suarez A, Bastida-Castillo A, Gomez-Carmona C, Garcia-Rubio J, Pino-Ortega J. Player Load and Metabolic Power Dynamics as Load Quantifiers in Soccer. J Hum Kinet 2019; 69:259-269. [PMID: 31666908 PMCID: PMC6815086 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There has recently been an increase in quantification and objective analysis of soccer performance due to improvements in technology using load indexes such as Player Load (PL) and Metabolic Power (MP). The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the performance of PL and MP in competition according to the specific role, match-to- match variation, periods of play, game location and match status according to game periods, and (2) to analyze the relationship between both indexes. Twenty-one national-level soccer players were distributed in the following specific positional roles: external defenders (ED) (n = 4), central defenders (CD) (n = 4), midfielders (M) (n = 5), external midfielders (EM) (n = 4) and attackers (A) (n = 4). A total of 12 matches played by a Spanish Third Division team during the 2016/2017 season were analyzed. WIMU PROTM inertial devices (RealTrack System, Almeria, Spain) were used for recording the data. The main results were: (1) a performance reduction in both variables over the course of match time, (2) significant differences in both variables based on the specific position, (3) differences in physical demands during the season matches, (4) winning during a game period and the condition of being the visitor team provoked higher demands, and (5) a high correlation between both variables in soccer. In conclusion, different contextual variables influence the external load demands; both indexes are related so they could be used for external load quantification, and it is necessary to analyze physical demands of the competition for a specific and individualized load design in training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Reche-Soto
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, International Campus “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Donaldo Cardona-Nieto
- Department of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, Colombian Polytechnic University Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Arturo Diaz-Suarez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, International Campus “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bastida-Castillo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, International Campus “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Gomez-Carmona
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD). Department of Didactics of Plastic, Music and Body Expression. Sport Science Faculty University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Rubio
- Optimization of Training and Sport Performance Research Group (GOERD). Department of Didactics of Plastic, Music and Body Expression. Sport Science Faculty University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, International Campus “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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