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Dai Z, Cai R, Zeng H, Zhu H, Dou Y, Sun S. Exosome may be the next generation of promising cell-free vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2345940. [PMID: 38714324 PMCID: PMC11086043 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2345940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future. Exosomes play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes present many advantages, such as inherent capacity being biocompatible, non-toxic, which make them a more desirable candidate for vaccines. However, research on exosomes are in their infancy and the barriers of low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit their applications in vaccines. Accordingly, further exploration is necessary to improve these problems and subsequently facilitate the functional studies of exosomes. In this study, we reviewed the origin, classification, functions, modifications, separation and purification, and characterization methods of exosomes. Meanwhile, we focused on the role and mechanism of exosomes for cancer and COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelan Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiru Cai
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailian Zhu
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Dou
- Department VII of Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibo Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Zafar A, Arshad R, Ur.Rehman A, Ahmed N, Akhtar H. Recent Developments in Oral Delivery of Vaccines Using Nanocarriers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020490. [PMID: 36851367 PMCID: PMC9964829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As oral administration of vaccines is the preferred route due to its high patient compliance and ability to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses, it is also associated with several challenges that include denaturation of vaccine components in the acidic environment of the stomach, degradation from proteolytic enzymes, and poor absorption through the intestinal membrane. To achieve effective delivery of such biomolecules, there is a need to investigate novel strategies of formulation development that can overcome the barriers associated with conventional vaccine delivery systems. Nanoparticles are advanced drug delivery carriers that provide target-oriented delivery by encapsulating vaccine components within them, thus making them stable against unfavorable conditions. This review provides a detailed overview of the different types of nanocarriers and various approaches that can enhance oral vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Raffia Arshad
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad 45730, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur.Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hashaam Akhtar
- Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yusra Medical and Dental College, Islamabad 45730, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Forte D, Pellegrino RM, Trabanelli S, Tonetti T, Ricci F, Cenerenti M, Comai G, Tazzari P, Lazzarotto T, Buratta S, Urbanelli L, Narimanfar G, Alabed HBR, Mecucci C, La Manna G, Emiliani C, Jandus C, Ranieri VM, Cavo M, Catani L, Palandri F. Circulating extracellular particles from severe COVID-19 patients show altered profiling and innate lymphoid cell-modulating ability. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085610. [PMID: 37207201 PMCID: PMC10189636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) represent reliable biomarkers for disease detection. Their role in the inflammatory microenvironment of severe COVID-19 patients is not well determined. Here, we characterized the immunophenotype, the lipidomic cargo and the functional activity of circulating EPs from severe COVID-19 patients (Co-19-EPs) and healthy controls (HC-EPs) correlating the data with the clinical parameters including the partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Methods Peripheral blood (PB) was collected from COVID-19 patients (n=10) and HC (n=10). EPs were purified from platelet-poor plasma by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ultrafiltration. Plasma cytokines and EPs were characterized by multiplex bead-based assay. Quantitative lipidomic profiling of EPs was performed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry combined with quadrupole time-of-flight (LC/MS Q-TOF). Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) were characterized by flow cytometry after co-cultures with HC-EPs or Co-19-EPs. Results We observed that EPs from severe COVID-19 patients: 1) display an altered surface signature as assessed by multiplex protein analysis; 2) are characterized by distinct lipidomic profiling; 3) show correlations between lipidomic profiling and disease aggressiveness scores; 4) fail to dampen type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) cytokine secretion. As a consequence, ILC2 from severe COVID-19 patients show a more activated phenotype due to the presence of Co-19-EPs. Discussion In summary, these data highlight that abnormal circulating EPs promote ILC2-driven inflammatory signals in severe COVID-19 patients and support further exploration to unravel the role of EPs (and EVs) in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Forte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Tonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospealiero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Immunohematology and blood bank, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Cenerenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Comai
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tazzari
- Immunohematology and blood bank, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ghazal Narimanfar
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Husam B. R. Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Hemato-Oncology Research (C.R.E.O.), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vito Marco Ranieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospealiero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Catani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Institute of Hematology ‘Seràgnoli’, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Catani,
| | - Francesca Palandri
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Wu H, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Chen F, Xiong P, Xie Z, Ding G, Yu J, Wang K. Dynamic immune and exosome transcriptomic responses in patients undergoing psychostimulant methamphetamine withdrawal. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:961131. [PMID: 36238831 PMCID: PMC9550894 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.961131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) addiction and withdrawal cause serious harm to both the immune system and nervous system. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the peripheral cytokines and exosomal transcriptome regulatory networks in the patients with METH use disorders (MUDs) undergoing withdrawal. Twenty-seven cytokines were simultaneously assessed in 51 subjects, including 22 at the acute withdrawal (AW) stage and 29 at the protracted withdrawal (PW) stage, and 31 age and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs). Compared to the HCs, significantly decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, IL-15, Basic FGF, and MIP1a, increased levels of IL-1rα, IL-6, Eotaxin IP-10, VEGF, and RANTES were identified in AW. These disturbances were mostly or partly restored to the baseline in PW. However, the cytokines IL-6, IL-7, and IL-12p70 were consistently increased even after one year of withdrawal. Besides, a significant decrease in CD3+T and CD4+T cell numbers was observed in AW, and the diminishment was restored to baseline in PW. Comparatively, there were no statistically significant changes in CD8+T, NK, and B cells. Furthermore, the exosomal mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) were profiled, and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed and associated with METH AW and PW stages. Notably, the chemokine signaling was remarkably upregulated during AW. By contrast, the differentially expressed mRNAs/lincRNAs were significantly enriched in neurodegeneration-related diseases. Taken together, a group of METH withdrawal-related cytokines and exosomal mRNA/lncRNA regulatory networks were obtained, which provides a useful experimental and theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenesis of the withdrawal symptoms in MUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Wu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- International Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, BOAO International Hospital, Qionghai, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuru Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Pu Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guo Ding
- High School Attached to Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- International Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, BOAO International Hospital, Qionghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juehua Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-0503 Kunhua Wang
| | - Kunhua Wang
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Yunnan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Juehua Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-0503 Kunhua Wang
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Shkair L, Garanina EE, Martynova EV, Kolesnikova AI, Arkhipova SS, Titova AA, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. Immunogenic Properties of MVs Containing Structural Hantaviral Proteins: An Original Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010093. [PMID: 35056989 PMCID: PMC8779827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an emerging infectious disease that remains a global public health threat. The highest incidence rate is among zoonotic disease cases in Russia. Most cases of HFRS are reported in the Volga region of Russia, which commonly identifies the Puumala virus (PUUV) as a pathogen. HFRS management is especially challenging due to the lack of specific treatments and vaccines. This study aims to develop new approaches for HFRS prevention. Our goal is to test the efficacy of microvesicles (MVs) as PUUV nucleocapsid (N) and glycoproteins (Gn/Gc) delivery vehicles. Our findings show that MVs could deliver the PUUV N and Gn/Gc proteins in vitro. We have also demonstrated that MVs loaded with PUUV proteins could elicit a specific humoral and cellular immune response in vivo. These data suggest that an MV-based vaccine could control HFRS.
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Focosi D, Franchini M, Pirofski LA, Burnouf T, Fairweather D, Joyner MJ, Casadevall A. COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Is More than Neutralizing Antibodies: A Narrative Review of Potential Beneficial and Detrimental Co-Factors. Viruses 2021; 13:1594. [PMID: 34452459 PMCID: PMC8402718 DOI: 10.3390/v13081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation for both treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis. The active component of CCP mediating improved outcome is commonly reported as specific antibodies, particularly neutralizing antibodies, with clinical efficacy characterized according to the level or antibody affinity. In this review, we highlight the potential role of additional factors in CCP that can be either beneficial (e.g., AT-III, alpha-1 AT, ACE2+ extracellular vesicles) or detrimental (e.g., anti-ADAMTS13, anti-MDA5 or anti-interferon autoantibodies, pro-coagulant extracellular vesicles). Variations in these factors in CCP may contribute to varied outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and undergoing CCP therapy. We advise careful, retrospective investigation of such co-factors in randomized clinical trials that use fresh frozen plasma in control arms. Nevertheless, it might be difficult to establish a causal link between these components and outcome, given that CCP is generally safe and neutralizing antibody effects may predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, 46100 Mantua, Italy
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10467, USA
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering & International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Mutanen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716407. [PMID: 34394121 PMCID: PMC8355618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities with viruses secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Importantly, the interplay between exosomes and viruses could be potentially exploited for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Exosomes are produced by virus-infected cells and play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. SARS-CoV-2 modulates the production and composition of exosomes, and can exploit exosome formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Exosomes have been exploited for therapeutic benefits in patients afflicted with various diseases including COVID-19. Furthermore, the administration of exosomes loaded with immunomodulatory cargo in combination with antiviral drugs represents a novel intervention for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as cell-free therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes reduces the cytokine storm and reverse the inhibition of host anti-viral defenses associated with COVID-19 and also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss the role of exosomes in relation to transmission, infection, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, drug delivery, and vaccines, and present some future perspectives regarding their use for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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