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Basara G, Bahcecioglu G, Ozcebe SG, Ellis BW, Ronan G, Zorlutuna P. Myocardial infarction from a tissue engineering and regenerative medicine point of view: A comprehensive review on models and treatments. Biophys Rev (Melville) 2022; 3:031305. [PMID: 36091931 PMCID: PMC9447372 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, myocardial infarction is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for around 18 million deaths every year or almost 32% of all deaths. Due to the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, this rate is expected to increase in the coming years. Although there has been some progress in myocardial infarction treatment, translating pre-clinical findings to the clinic remains a major challenge. One reason for this is the lack of reliable and human representative healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissue models that can be used to understand the fundamentals of ischemic/reperfusion injury caused by myocardial infarction and to test new drugs and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first present an overview of the anatomy of the heart and the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, and then discuss the recent developments on pre-clinical infarct models, focusing mainly on the engineered three-dimensional cardiac ischemic/reperfusion injury and fibrosis models developed using different engineering methods such as organoids, microfluidic devices, and bioprinted constructs. We also present the benefits and limitations of emerging and promising regenerative therapy treatments for myocardial infarction such as cell therapies, extracellular vesicles, and cardiac patches. This review aims to overview recent advances in three-dimensional engineered infarct models and current regenerative therapeutic options, which can be used as a guide for developing new models and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Basara
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S. Gulberk Ozcebe
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - George Ronan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Present address: 143 Multidisciplinary Research Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 574 631 8543. Fax: +1 574 631 8341
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Abstract
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. There is a growing demand for in vitro cardiac models that can recapitulate the complex physiology of the cardiac tissue. These cardiac models can provide a platform to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiac development and disease and aid in developing novel treatment alternatives and platforms towards personalized medicine. In this review, a summary of engineered cardiac platforms is presented. Basic design considerations for replicating the heart's microenvironment are discussed considering the anatomy of the heart. This is followed by a detailed summary of the currently available biomaterial platforms for modeling the heart tissue in vitro. These in vitro models include 2D surface modified structures, 3D molded structures, porous scaffolds, electrospun scaffolds, bioprinted structures, and heart-on-a-chip devices. The challenges faced by current models and the future directions of in vitro cardiac models are also discussed. Engineered in vitro tissue models utilizing patients' own cells could potentially revolutionize the way we develop treatment and diagnostic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew House
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Iren Atalla
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Instructive Biomaterials and Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Otto H. York Chemical and Materials Engineering, 138 York Center, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Subramanian S, Huiszoon RC, Chu S, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R. Microsystems for biofilm characterization and sensing - A review. Biofilm 2020; 2:100015. [PMID: 33447801 PMCID: PMC7798443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the primary cause of clinical bacterial infections and are impervious to typical amounts of antibiotics, necessitating very high doses for elimination. Therefore, it is imperative to have suitable methods for characterization to develop novel methods of treatment that can complement or replace existing approaches using significantly lower doses of antibiotics. This review presents some of the current developments in microsystems for characterization and sensing of bacterial biofilms. Initially, we review current standards for studying biofilms that are based on invasive and destructive end-point biofilm characterization. Additionally, biofilm formation and growth is extremely sensitive to various growth and environmental parameters that cause large variability in biofilms between repeated experiments, making it very difficult to compare experimental repeats and characterize the temporal characteristics of these organisms. To address these challenges, recent developments in the field have moved toward systems and miniature devices that can aid in the non-invasive characterization of bacterial biofilms. Our review focuses on several types of microsystems for biofilm evaluation including optical, electrochemical, and mechanical systems. This review will show how these devices can lead to better understanding of the physiology and function of these communities of bacteria, which can eventually lead to the development of novel treatments that do not rely on high-dosage antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Subramanian
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C. Huiszoon
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sangwook Chu
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - William E. Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Sedláková V, Kloučková M, Garlíková Z, Vašíčková K, Jaroš J, Kandra M, Kotasová H, Hampl A. Options for modeling the respiratory system: inserts, scaffolds and microfluidic chips. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:971-982. [PMID: 30877077 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human respiratory system is continuously exposed to varying levels of hazardous substances ranging from environmental toxins to purposely administered drugs. If the noxious effects exceed the inherent regenerative capacity of the respiratory system, injured tissue undergoes complex remodeling that can significantly affect lung function and lead to various diseases. Advanced near-to-native in vitro lung models are required to understand the mechanisms involved in pulmonary damage and repair and to reliably test the toxicity of compounds to lung tissue. This review is an overview of the development of in vitro respiratory system models used for study of lung diseases. It includes discussion of using these models for environmental toxin assessment and pulmonary toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sedláková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Michaela Kloučková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Garlíková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vašíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jaroš
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mário Kandra
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kotasová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
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FAN YQ, WANG HL, GAO KX, LIU JJ, CHAI DP, ZHANG YJ. Applications of Modular Microfluidics Technology. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rahimi C, Rahimi B, Padova D, Rooholghodos SA, Bienek DR, Luo X, Kaufman G, Raub CB. Oral mucosa-on-a-chip to assess layer-specific responses to bacteria and dental materials. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:054106. [PMID: 30310527 PMCID: PMC6158033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The human oral mucosa hosts a diverse microbiome and is exposed to potentially toxic biomaterials from dental restoratives. Mucosal health is partly determined by cell and tissue responses to challenges such as dental materials and pathogenic bacteria. An in vitro model to rapidly determine potential layer-specific responses would lead to a better understanding of mucosal homeostasis and pathology. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a co-cultured microfluidic mucosal model on-a-chip to rapidly assess mucosal remodeling and the responses of epithelial and subepithelial layers to challenges typically found in the oral environment. A gingival fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel was assembled in the central channel of a three-channel microfluidic chamber with interconnecting pores, followed by a keratinocyte layer attached to the collagen exposed in the pores. This configuration produced apical and subepithelial side channels capable of sustaining flow. Keratinocyte, fibroblast, and collagen densities were optimized to create a co-culture tissue-like construct stable over one week. Cells were stained and imaged with epifluorescence microscopy to confirm layer characteristics. As proof-of-concept, the mucosal construct was exposed separately to a dental monomer, 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Exposure to HEMA lowered mucosal cell viability, while exposure to the bacteria lowered trans-epithelial electrical resistance. These findings suggest that the oral mucosa-on-a-chip is useful for studying oral mucosal interactions with bacteria and biomaterials with a histology-like view of the tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Benjamin Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Dominic Padova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Seyed A. Rooholghodos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Diane R. Bienek
- ADA Foundation, Volpe Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop #8546, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - Gili Kaufman
- ADA Foundation, Volpe Research Center, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop #8546, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
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Martewicz S, Gabrel G, Campesan M, Canton M, Di Lisa F, Elvassore N. Live Cell Imaging in Microfluidic Device Proves Resistance to Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5687-5695. [PMID: 29595056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of cellular responses to fast oxygen dynamics are challenging and require ad hoc technological solutions, especially when decoupling from liquid media composition is required. In this work, we present a microfluidic device specifically designed for culture analyses with high resolution and magnification objectives, providing full optical access to the cell culture chamber. This feature allows fluorescence-based assays, photoactivated surface chemistry, and live cell imaging under tightly controlled pO2 environments. The device has a simple design, accommodates three independent cell cultures, and can be employed by users with basic cell culture training in studies requiring fast oxygen dynamics, defined media composition, and in-line data acquisition with optical molecular probes. We apply this technology to produce an oxygen/glucose deprived (OGD) environment and analyze cell mortality in murine and human cardiac cultures. Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes show an OGD time-dependent sensitivity, resulting in a robust and reproducible 66 ± 5% death rate after 3 h of stress. Applying an equivalent stress to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) provides direct experimental evidence for fetal-like OGD-resistant phenotype. Investigation on the nature of such phenotype exposed large glycogen deposits. We propose a culture strategy aimed at depleting these intracellular energy stores and concurrently activate positive regulation of aerobic metabolic molecular markers. The observed process, however, is not sufficient to induce an OGD-sensitive phenotype in hiPS-CMs, highlighting defective development of mature aerobic metabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martewicz
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS) , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai , China.,Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Padova , via Marzolo 9 , 35131 Padova , Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine , via Orus 2 , 35129 Padova , Italy
| | - Giulia Gabrel
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Padova , via Marzolo 9 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Marika Campesan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Padova , via Bassi 58/B , 35121 Padova , Italy
| | - Marcella Canton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Padova , via Bassi 58/B , 35121 Padova , Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Padova , via Bassi 58/B , 35121 Padova , Italy
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section , UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , 30 Guilford Street , London WC1N 1EH , U.K.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS) , Shanghai Tech University , Shanghai , China.,Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Padova , via Marzolo 9 , 35131 Padova , Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine , via Orus 2 , 35129 Padova , Italy
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Schulze F, Gao X, Virzonis D, Damiati S, Schneider MR, Kodzius R. Air Quality Effects on Human Health and Approaches for Its Assessment through Microfluidic Chips. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E244. [PMID: 28953246 PMCID: PMC5664094 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Air quality depends on the various gases and particles present in it. Both natural phenomena and human activities affect the cleanliness of air. In the last decade, many countries experienced an unprecedented industrial growth, resulting in changing air quality values, and correspondingly, affecting our life quality. Air quality can be accessed by employing microchips that qualitatively and quantitatively determine the present gases and dust particles. The so-called particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5) values are of high importance, as such small particles can penetrate the human lung barrier and enter the blood system. There are cancer cases related to many air pollutants, and especially to PM2.5, contributing to exploding costs within the healthcare system. We focus on various current and potential future air pollutants, and propose solutions on how to protect our health against such dangerous substances. Recent developments in the Organ-on-Chip (OoC) technology can be used to study air pollution as well. OoC allows determination of pollutant toxicity and speeds up the development of novel pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schulze
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xinghua Gao
- iSmart, Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University (SHU), Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Darius Virzonis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 35212 Panevezys, Lithuania.
| | - Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitecture, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), 10589 Berlin, Germany.
- iSmart, Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University (SHU), Shanghai 201800, China.
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
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Acun A, Zorlutuna P. Engineered myocardium model to study the roles of HIF-1α and HIF1A-AS1 in paracrine-only signaling under pathological level oxidative stress. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28629892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying heart tissue is critical for understanding and developing treatments for cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we fabricated precisely controlled and biomimetic engineered model tissues to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions influence myocardial cell survival upon exposure to pathological level oxidative stress. Specifically, the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs), and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with its novel alternative regulator, HIF-1α antisense RNA1 (HIF1A-AS1), in these interactions were investigated. We encapsulated CMs in photo-crosslinkable, biomimetic hydrogels with or without ECs, then exposed to oxidative stress followed by normoxia. With precisely controlled microenvironment provided by the model tissues, cell-cell interactions were restricted to be solely through the secreted factors. CM survival after oxidative stress was significantly improved, in the presence of ECs, when cells were in the model tissues that were functionalized with cell attachment motifs. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of ECs was reduced when HIF-1α expression was knocked down suggesting that HIF-1α is involved in cardioprotection from oxidative damage, provided through secreted factors conferred by the ECs. Using model tissues, we showed that cell survival increased with increased cell-cell communication and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. In addition, whole genome transcriptome analysis showed, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible role for HIF1A-AS1 in oxidative regulation of HIF-1α. We showed that although HIF1A-AS1 knockdown helps CM survival, its effect is overridden by CM-EC bidirectional interactions as we showed that the conditioned media taken from the CM-EC co-cultures improved CM survival, regardless of HIF1A-AS1 expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular diseases, most of which are associated with oxidative stress, is the most common cause of death worldwide. Thus, understanding the molecular events as well as the role of intercellular communication under oxidative stress is upmost importance in its prevention. In this study we used 3D engineered tissue models to investigate the role of HIF-1α and its regulation in EC-mediated cardioprotection. We showed that EC-mediated protection is only possible when there is a bidirectional crosstalk between ECs and CMs even without physical cell-cell contact. In addition, this protective effect is at least partially related to cell-ECM interactions and HIF-1α, which is regulated by HIF1A-AS1 under oxidative stress.
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Ellis BW, Acun A, Can UI, Zorlutuna P. Human iPSC-derived myocardium-on-chip with capillary-like flow for personalized medicine. Biomicrofluidics 2017; 11:024105. [PMID: 28396709 PMCID: PMC5367145 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The heart wall tissue, or the myocardium, is one of the main targets in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Animal models have not been sufficient in mimicking the human myocardium as evident by the very low clinical translation rates of cardiovascular drugs. Additionally, current in vitro models of the human myocardium possess several shortcomings such as lack of physiologically relevant co-culture of myocardial cells, lack of a 3D biomimetic environment, and the use of non-human cells. In this study, we address these shortcomings through the design and manufacture of a myocardium-on-chip (MOC) using 3D cell-laden hydrogel constructs and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived myocardial cells. The MOC utilizes 3D spatially controlled co-culture of hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) and hiPSC derived endothelial cells (iECs) integrated among iCMs as well as in capillary-like side channels, to better mimic the microvasculature seen in native myocardium. We first fully characterized iCMs using immunostaining, genetic, and electrochemical analysis and iECs through immunostaining and alignment analysis to ensure their functionality, and then seeded these cells sequentially into the MOC device. We showed that iECs could be cultured within the microfluidic device without losing their phenotypic lineage commitment, and align with the flow upon physiological level shear stresses. We were able to incorporate iCMs within the device in a spatially controlled manner with the help of photocrosslinkable polymers. The iCMs were shown to be viable and functional within the device up to 7 days, and were integrated with the iECs. The iCMs and iECs in this study were derived from the same hiPSC cell line, essentially mimicking the myocardium of an individual human patient. Such devices are essential for personalized medicine studies where the individual drug response of patients with different genetic backgrounds can be tested in a physiologically relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Aylin Acun
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - U Isik Can
- Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Azeredo J, Azevedo NF, Briandet R, Cerca N, Coenye T, Costa AR, Desvaux M, Di Bonaventura G, Hébraud M, Jaglic Z, Kačániová M, Knøchel S, Lourenço A, Mergulhão F, Meyer RL, Nychas G, Simões M, Tresse O, Sternberg C. Critical review on biofilm methods. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:313-351. [PMID: 27868469 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1208146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are widespread in nature and constitute an important strategy implemented by microorganisms to survive in sometimes harsh environmental conditions. They can be beneficial or have a negative impact particularly when formed in industrial settings or on medical devices. As such, research into the formation and elimination of biofilms is important for many disciplines. Several new methodologies have been recently developed for, or adapted to, biofilm studies that have contributed to deeper knowledge on biofilm physiology, structure and composition. In this review, traditional and cutting-edge methods to study biofilm biomass, viability, structure, composition and physiology are addressed. Moreover, as there is a lack of consensus among the diversity of techniques used to grow and study biofilms. This review intends to remedy this, by giving a critical perspective, highlighting the advantages and limitations of several methods. Accordingly, this review aims at helping scientists in finding the most appropriate and up-to-date methods to study their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azeredo
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Romain Briandet
- c Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Nuno Cerca
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Tom Coenye
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Costa
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- e INRA Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , UR454 Microbiologie , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- f Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Michel Hébraud
- e INRA Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , UR454 Microbiologie , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Zoran Jaglic
- g Department of Food and Feed Safety, Laboratory of Food Bacteriology , Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- h Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Susanne Knøchel
- i Department of Food Science (FOOD) , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Anália Lourenço
- j Department of Computer Science , University of Vigo , Ourense , Spain
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- k Aarhus University, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - George Nychas
- l Agricultural University of Athens, Lab of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods , Athens , Greece
| | - Manuel Simões
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Odile Tresse
- m LUNAM Université, Oniris, SECALIM UMR1024 INRA , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Claus Sternberg
- n Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby, Denmark
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Langley GR, Adcock IM, Busquet F, Crofton KM, Csernok E, Giese C, Heinonen T, Herrmann K, Hofmann-Apitius M, Landesmann B, Marshall LJ, McIvor E, Muotri AR, Noor F, Schutte K, Seidle T, van de Stolpe A, Van Esch H, Willett C, Woszczek G. Towards a 21st-century roadmap for biomedical research and drug discovery: consensus report and recommendations. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:327-39. [PMID: 27989722 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Decades of costly failures in translating drug candidates from preclinical disease models to human therapeutic use warrant reconsideration of the priority placed on animal models in biomedical research. Following an international workshop attended by experts from academia, government institutions, research funding bodies, and the corporate and non-governmental organisation (NGO) sectors, in this consensus report, we analyse, as case studies, five disease areas with major unmet needs for new treatments. In view of the scientifically driven transition towards a human pathways-based paradigm in toxicology, a similar paradigm shift appears to be justified in biomedical research. There is a pressing need for an approach that strategically implements advanced, human biology-based models and tools to understand disease pathways at multiple biological scales. We present recommendations to help achieve this.
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Abstract
A reconfigurable "stick-n-play" modular microfluidic system that can be assembled, disassembled, reconfigured and assembled again for building different integrated microfluidic systems is presented. Magnetic interconnects, comprising ring magnets and sealing gaskets, are integrated into each microfluidic module's inlet(s) and outlet(s) for both module-to-module and world-to-chip fluidic interconnects. The magnetic interconnects reversibly "stick" each individual microfluidic module together and provide leak-free fluidic communication between connected microfluidic modules in order to form a larger integrated microfluidic system. Because of the magnetic interconnects, connected microfluidic modules can be easily disconnected, reconfigured and connected again to form a different integrated microfluidic system. Using a fused deposition modeling (FDM)/fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based 3D printer, a reconfigurable stick-n-play modular microfluidic system, comprising a serpentine channel base platform and various microfluidic modules as well as inlet/outlet modules for world-to-chip fluidic interconnects, was first 3D printed. Magnetic interconnects were then integrated into each 3D printed module. Finally, the stick-n-play modular microfluidic system was used to demonstrate its reconfigurability to build various integrated microfluidic systems by simply and reversibly sticking various modules together. Based on the magnetic interconnects, customized multi-dimensional stick-n-play modular microfluidic systems can be easily designed and built providing a convenient platform for designing large scale microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Ki Yuen
- Science & Technology, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831-0001, USA.
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Abstract
Oxygen is essential in the energy metabolism of cells, as well as being an important regulatory parameter influencing cell differentiation and function. Interest in precise oxygen control for in vitro cultures of tissues and cells continues to grow, especially with the emergence of the organ-on-a-chip and the desire to emulate in vivo conditions. This was recently discussed in this journal in a Critical Review by Brennan et al. (Lab Chip (2014). DOI: ). Microfluidics can be used to introduce flow to facilitate nutrient supply to and waste removal from in vitro culture systems. Well-defined oxygen gradients can also be established. However, cells can quickly alter the oxygen balance in their vicinity. In this Tutorial Review, we expand on the Brennan paper to focus on the implementation of oxygen analysis in these systems to achieve continuous monitoring. Both electrochemical and optical approaches for the integration of oxygen monitoring in microfluidic tissue and cell culture systems will be discussed. Differences in oxygen requirements from one organ to the next are a challenging problem, as oxygen delivery is limited by its uptake into medium. Hence, we discuss the factors determining oxygen concentrations in solutions and consider the possible use of artificial oxygen carriers to increase dissolved oxygen concentrations. The selection of device material for applications requiring precise oxygen control is discussed in detail, focusing on oxygen permeability. Lastly, a variety of devices is presented, showing the diversity of approaches that can be employed to control and monitor oxygen concentrations in in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter E Oomen
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB20), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Punde TH, Wu WH, Lien PC, Chang YL, Kuo PH, Chang MDT, Lee KY, Huang CD, Kuo HP, Chan YF, Shih PC, Liu CH. A biologically inspired lung-on-a-chip device for the study of protein-induced lung inflammation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:162-9. [PMID: 25486073 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00239c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a biomimetic microsystem that reconstitutes the lung microenvironment for monitoring the role of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in lung inflammation. ECP induces the airway epithelial cell expression of CXCL-12, which in turn stimulates the migration of fibrocytes towards the epithelium. This two-layered microfluidic system provides a feasible platform for perfusion culture, and was used in this study to reveal that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis mediates ECP induced fibrocyte extravasation in lung inflammation. This 'lung-on-a-chip' microdevice serves as a dynamic transwell system by introducing a flow that can reconstitute the blood vessel-tissue interface for in vitro assays, enhancing pre-clinical studies. We made an attempt to develop a new microfluidic model which could not only simulate the transwell for studying cell migration, but could also study the migration in the presence of a flow mimicking the physiological conditions in the body. As blood vessels are the integral part of our body, this model gives an opportunity to study more realistic in vitro models of organs where the blood vessel i.e. flow based migration is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar H Punde
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rybtke M, Hultqvist LD, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections: Community Structure, Antimicrobial Tolerance and Immune Response. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3628-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kondrashina AV, Papkovsky DB, Dmitriev RI. Measurement of cell respiration and oxygenation in standard multichannel biochips using phosphorescent O2-sensitive probes. Analyst 2013; 138:4915-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Skolimowski M, Weiss Nielsen M, Abeille F, Skafte-Pedersen P, Sabourin D, Fercher A, Papkovsky D, Molin S, Taboryski R, Sternberg C, Dufva M, Geschke O, Emnéus J. Modular microfluidic system as a model of cystic fibrosis airways. Biomicrofluidics 2012; 6:34109. [PMID: 23908680 PMCID: PMC3423306 DOI: 10.1063/1.4742911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A modular microfluidic airways model system that can simulate the changes in oxygen tension in different compartments of the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways was designed, developed, and tested. The fully reconfigurable system composed of modules with different functionalities: multichannel peristaltic pumps, bubble traps, gas exchange chip, and cell culture chambers. We have successfully applied this system for studying the antibiotic therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacteria mainly responsible for morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis, in different oxygen environments. Furthermore, we have mimicked the bacterial reinoculation of the aerobic compartments (lower respiratory tract) from the anaerobic compartments (cystic fibrosis sinuses) following an antibiotic treatment. This effect is hypothesised as the one on the main reasons for recurrent lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skolimowski
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsted Plads, Building 345B, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark ; Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet, Building 301, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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