1
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Chau CC, Maffeo CM, Aksimentiev A, Radford SE, Hewitt EW, Actis P. Single molecule delivery into living cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4403. [PMID: 38782907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled manipulation of cultured cells by delivery of exogenous macromolecules is a cornerstone of experimental biology. Here we describe a platform that uses nanopipettes to deliver defined numbers of macromolecules into cultured cell lines and primary cells at single molecule resolution. In the nanoinjection platform, the nanopipette is used as both a scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) probe and an injection probe. The SICM is used to position the nanopipette above the cell surface before the nanopipette is inserted into the cell into a defined location and to a predefined depth. We demonstrate that the nanoinjection platform enables the quantitative delivery of DNA, globular proteins, and protein fibrils into cells with single molecule resolution and that delivery results in a phenotypic change in the cell that depends on the identity of the molecules introduced. Using experiments and computational modeling, we also show that macromolecular crowding in the cell increases the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of translocation events, thus the cell itself enhances the detection of the molecules delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalmers C Chau
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher M Maffeo
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sheena E Radford
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric W Hewitt
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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2
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Du Y, Song J, Lu L, Yeung E, Givand J, Procopio A, Su Y, Hu G. Design of a Reciprocal Injection Device for Stability Studies of Parenteral Biological Drug Products. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1330-1338. [PMID: 38113997 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Formulation screening, essential for assessing the impact of physical, chemical, and mechanical stresses on protein stability, plays a critical role in biologics drug product development. This research introduces a Reciprocal Injection Device (RID) designed to accelerate formulation screening by probing protein stability under intensified stress conditions within prefilled syringes. This versatile device is designed to accommodate a broad spectrum of injection parameters and diverse syringe dimensions. A commercial drug product was employed as a model monoclonal antibody formulation. Our findings effectively highlight the efficacy of the RID in assessing concentration-dependent protein stability. This device exhibits significant potential to amplify the influences of interfacial interactions, such as those with buffer salts, excipients, air, metals, and silicone oils, commonly found in combination drug products, and to evaluate the protein stability under varied stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jing Song
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Lynn Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Edward Yeung
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey Givand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Adam Procopio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States.
| | - Guangli Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, United States.
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3
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Ha JH, Xu Y, Sekhon H, Zhao W, Wilkens S, Ren D, Loh SN. Mimicking kidney flow shear efficiently induces aggregation of LECT2, a protein involved in renal amyloidosis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107231. [PMID: 38537700 PMCID: PMC11040205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) causes ALECT2, a systemic amyloidosis that affects the kidney and liver. Previous studies established that LECT2 fibrillogenesis is accelerated by the loss of its bound zinc ion and stirring/shaking. These forms of agitation create heterogeneous shear conditions, including air-liquid interfaces that denature proteins, that are not present in the body. Here, we determined the extent to which a more physiological form of mechanical stress-shear generated by fluid flow through a network of narrow channels-drives LECT2 fibrillogenesis. To mimic blood flow through the kidney, where LECT2 and other proteins form amyloid deposits, we developed a microfluidic device consisting of progressively branched channels narrowing from 5 mm to 20 μm in width. Shear was particularly pronounced at the branch points and in the smallest capillaries. Aggregation was induced within 24 h by shear levels that were in the physiological range and well below those required to unfold globular proteins such as LECT2. EM images suggested the resulting fibril ultrastructures were different when generated by laminar flow shear versus shaking/stirring. Importantly, results from the microfluidic device showed the first evidence that the I40V mutation accelerated fibril formation and increased both the size and the density of the aggregates. These findings suggest that kidney-like flow shear, in combination with zinc loss, acts in combination with the I40V mutation to trigger LECT2 amyloidogenesis. These microfluidic devices may be of general use for uncovering mechanisms by which blood flow induces misfolding and amyloidosis of circulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Harsimranjit Sekhon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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4
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Shi Y, Sun Y, Li C, Wang S, Wang J, Shi H. Edge Substitution Effects of Histidine Tautomerization Behaviors on the Structural Properties and Aggregation Properties of Aβ(1-42) Mature Fibril. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1055-1062. [PMID: 38379141 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Histidine behaviors play critical roles in folding and misfolding processes due to the changes in net charge and the various N/N-H orientations on imidazole rings. However, the effect of histidine tautomerization (HIE (Nε-H, ε) and HID (Nδ-H, δ) states) behaviors on the edge chain of Aβ mature fibrils remains inadequately understood, which is critical for finding a strategy to disturb fibril elongation and growth. In the current study, eight independent molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate such impacts on the structural and aggregation properties. Our results from three different binding models revealed that the binding contributions of edge substitution effects are primarily located between chains 1 and 2. Histidine states significantly influence the secondary structure of each domain. Further analysis confirmed that the C1_H6//C1_E11 intrachain interaction is essential in maintaining the internal stability of chain 1, while the C1_H13//C2_H13 and C1_H14//C2_H13 interchain interactions are critical in maintaining the interchain stability of the fibril structure. Our subsequent analysis revealed that the current edge substitution leads to the loss of the C1_H13//C1_E11 intrachain and C1_H13//C2_H14 interchain interactions. The N-terminal regularity was significantly directly influenced by histidine states, particularly by the residue of C1_H13. Our study provides valuable insights into the effect of histidine behaviors on the edge chain of Aβ mature fibril, advancing our understanding of the histidine behavior hypothesis in misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Changgui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030000, China
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5
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Iorio A, Melchionna S, Derreumaux P, Sterpone F. Dynamics and Structures of Amyloid Aggregates under Fluid Flows. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1943-1949. [PMID: 38346112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate how fluid flows impact the aggregation mechanisms of Aβ40 proteins and Aβ16-22 peptides and mechanically perturb their (pre)fibrillar aggregates. We exploit the OPEP coarse-grained model for proteins and the Lattice Boltzmann Molecular Dynamics technique. We show that beyond a critical shear rate, amyloid aggregation speeds up in Couette flow because of the shorter collisions times between aggregates, following a transition from diffusion limited to advection dominated dynamics. We also characterize the mechanical deformation of (pre)fibrillar states due to the fluid flows (Couette and Poiseuille), confirming the capability of (pre)fibrils to form pathological loop-like structures as detected in experiments. Our findings can be of relevance for microfluidic applications and for understanding aggregation in the interstitial brain space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iorio
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique (UPR9080), CNRS, Université Paris-Cité, Paris 75005, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond Rothschild, Paris 75005, France
| | - Simone Melchionna
- IAC CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Lexma Technology, Arlington, Massachusetts 02476, United States
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique (UPR9080), CNRS, Université Paris-Cité, Paris 75005, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond Rothschild, Paris 75005, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique (UPR9080), CNRS, Université Paris-Cité, Paris 75005, France
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond Rothschild, Paris 75005, France
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6
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Moino C, Artusio F, Pisano R. Shear stress as a driver of degradation for protein-based therapeutics: More accomplice than culprit. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123679. [PMID: 38065348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a major concern for protein-based therapeutics. It may alter the biological activity of the product and raise the potential for undesirable effects on the patients. Among the numerous drivers of protein degradation, shear stress has been the focus around which much work has revolved since the 1970s. In the pharmaceutical realm, the product is often processed through several unit operations, which include mixing, pumping, filtration, filling, and atomization. Nonetheless, the drug might be exposed to significant shear stresses, which might cooperatively contribute to product degradation, together with interfacial stress. This review presents fundamentals of shear stress about protein structure, followed by an overview of the drivers of product degradation. The impact of shear stress on protein stability in different unit operations is then presented, and recommendations for limiting the adverse effects on the biopharmaceutical formulations are outlined. Finally, several devices used to explore the effects of shear stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Moino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Fiora Artusio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Torino 10129, Italy.
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7
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Zheng H, Tong X, Zhang Y, Yin P, Yi J, Chen Z, Lai H, Zhou W, Zhong L, Zhuo H, Peng X. Controllable and Reversible Assembly of Nanofiber from Natural Macromolecules via Protonation and Deprotonation. Small 2024; 20:e2304196. [PMID: 37665232 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiber is the critical building block for many biological systems to perform various functions. Artificial assembly of molecules into nanofibers in a controllable and reversible manner will create "smart" functions to mimic those of their natural analogues and fabricate new functional materials, but remains an open challenge especially for nature macromolecules. Herein, the controllable and reversible assembly of nanofiber (CSNF) from natural macromolecules with oppositely charged groups are successfully realized by protonation and deprotonation of charged groups. By controlling the electrostatic interaction via protonation and deprotonation, the size and morphology of the assembled nanostructures can be precisely controlled. A strong electrostatic interaction contributes to large nanofiber with high strength, while poor electrostatic interaction produces finer nanofiber or nanoparticle. And especially, the assembly, disassembly, and reassembly of the nanofiber occurs reversibly through protonation and deprotonation, thereby paving a new way for precisely controlling the assembly process and structure of nanofiber. The reversible assembly allows the nanostructure to dynamically reorganize in response to subtle perturbation of environment. The as-prepared CSNF is mechanical strong and can be used as a nano building block to fabricate high-strength film, wire, and straw. This study offers many opportunities for the biomimetic synthesis of new functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Chemistry, UBC Faculty of Science, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jiwang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Haihong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Linxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hao Zhuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Xinwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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8
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Kozell A, Solomonov A, Shimanovich U. Effects of sound energy on proteins and their complexes. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:3013-3037. [PMID: 37838939 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical energy in the form of ultrasound and protein complexes intuitively have been considered as two distinct unrelated topics. However, in the past few years, increasingly more attention has been paid to the ability of ultrasound to induce chemical modifications on protein molecules that further change protein-protein interaction and protein self-assembling behavior. Despite efforts to decipher the exact structure and the behavior-modifying effects of ultrasound on proteins, our current understanding of these aspects remains limited. The limitation arises from the complexity of both phenomena. Ultrasound produces multiple chemical, mechanical, and thermal effects in aqueous media. Proteins are dynamic molecules with diverse complexation mechanisms. This review provides an exhaustive analysis of the progress made in better understanding the role of ultrasound in protein complexation. It describes in detail how ultrasound affects an aqueous environment and the impact of each effect separately and when combined with the protein structure and fold, the protein-protein interaction, and finally the protein self-assembly. It specifically focuses on modifying role of ultrasound in amyloid self-assembly, where the latter is associated with multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozell
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aleksei Solomonov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Herrera-Rodríguez AM, Dasanna AK, Daday C, Cruz-Chú ER, Aponte-Santamaría C, Schwarz US, Gräter F. The role of flow in the self-assembly of dragline spider silk proteins. Biophys J 2023; 122:4241-4253. [PMID: 37803828 PMCID: PMC10645567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic flow in the spider duct induces conformational changes in dragline spider silk proteins (spidroins) and drives their assembly, but the underlying physical mechanisms are still elusive. Here we address this challenging multiscale problem with a complementary strategy of atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations with uniform flow. The conformational changes at the molecular level were analyzed for single-tethered spider silk peptides. Uniform flow leads to coiled-to-stretch transitions and pushes alanine residues into β sheet and poly-proline II conformations. Coarse-grained simulations of the assembly process of multiple semi-flexible block copolymers using multi-particle collision dynamics reveal that the spidroins aggregate faster but into low-order assemblies when they are less extended. At medium-to-large peptide extensions (50%-80%), assembly slows down and becomes reversible with frequent association and dissociation events, whereas spidroin alignment increases and alanine repeats form ordered regions. Our work highlights the role of flow in guiding silk self-assembly into tough fibers by enhancing alignment and kinetic reversibility, a mechanism likely relevant also for other proteins whose function depends on hydrodynamic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kumar Dasanna
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Csaba Daday
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo R Cruz-Chú
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Thite NG, Ghazvini S, Wallace N, Feldman N, Calderon CP, Randolph TW. Interfacial Adsorption Controls Particle Formation in Antibody Formulations Subjected to Extensional Flows and Hydrodynamic Shear. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2766-2777. [PMID: 37453529 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During their manufacturing and delivery to patients, therapeutic proteins are commonly exposed to various interfaces and to hydrodynamic shear forces. Although adsorption of proteins to solid-liquid interfaces is known to foster formation of protein aggregates and particles, the impact of shear remains controversial, in part because of experimental challenges in separating the effects of shear from those caused by simultaneous exposure to interfaces. Extensional flows (occurring when solutions flow through sudden contractions) exert localized elongational forces that have been suspected to be damaging to proteins. In this work, we measured aggregation and particle formation in formulations of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies subjected to extensional flow, high shear (105 s-1) and exposure to stainless-steel/water interfaces. Modification of the surface charge at the stainless steel/water interface changed protein adsorption characteristics without altering shear profiles, enabling shear and interfacial interactions to be separated. Even under conditions where antibodies were subjected to high hydrodynamic shear and extensional flow, production of subvisible particles could be inhibited by modifying the stainless-steel surface charge to minimize antibody adsorption. Digital images of particles recorded by flow imaging microscopy (FIM) and analyzed with machine learning algorithms were consistent with a particle formation mechanism by which antibodies adsorb and aggregate at the stainless-steel/water interface and subsequently form particles when shear displaces the interfacial aggregates, transporting them into the bulk solution. Topographical differences measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM) supported the proposed mechanism by showing reduced levels of protein adsorption on surface-charge-modified stainless-steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi G Thite
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | | | | | | | - Christopher P Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Ursa Analytics, Denver, CO 80212, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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11
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Papež P, Merzel F, Praprotnik M. Rotational Dynamics of a Protein under Shear Flow Studied by the Eckart Frame Formalism. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7231-7243. [PMID: 37556834 PMCID: PMC10461304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are natural polymers that play an essential role in both living organisms and biotechnological applications. During certain bioprocessing steps, they can be exposed to significant mechanical stress induced by, for example, shear flow or sonication, resulting in reduced therapeutic efficacy, aggregation, or even a loss of activity. For this reason, there is a need to understand and determine the susceptibility of the protein activity to the experienced mechanical stress. To acquire this knowledge, it is necessary to study the rotational dynamics of the protein. Commonly, the rotational dynamics of soft molecules is interpreted based on a theoretical analysis performed in an inertial laboratory frame. However, the obtained angular velocity mixes pure rotations and vibrations with angular momentum, consequently lacking a clear dynamical interpretation. On the other hand, the use of the noninertial internal Eckart frame allows the determination of pure angular velocity as it minimizes the coupling between the rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. In the present work, by conducting open-boundary molecular dynamics simulations and exploiting the Eckart frame formalism, we study the rotational dynamics of a small protein under the shear flow of various strengths. Our results show that the angular velocity increases nonlinearly with increasing shear rate. Furthermore, the protein gains vibrational angular momentum at higher shear rates, which is reflected in the higher angular velocity computed by employing the Eckart frame formalism and confirmed by analysis of the contributions to the total kinetic energy of the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Papež
- Theory
Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Merzel
- Theory
Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Praprotnik
- Theory
Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Ha JH, Xu Y, Sekhon H, Wilkens S, Ren D, Loh SN. Mimicking Kidney Flow Shear Efficiently Induces Aggregation of LECT2, a Protein Involved in Renal Amyloidosis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.13.548788. [PMID: 37503176 PMCID: PMC10369975 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.548788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) causes ALECT2, a systemic amyloidosis that affects the kidney and liver. Homozygosity of the I40V LECT2 mutation is believed to be necessary but not sufficient for the disease. Previous studies established that LECT2 fibrillogenesis is greatly accelerated by loss of its single bound zinc ion and stirring or shaking. These forms of agitation are often used to facilitate protein aggregation, but they create heterogeneous shear conditions, including air-liquid interfaces that denature proteins, that are not present in the body. Here, we determined the extent to which a more physiological form of mechanical stress-shear generated by fluid flow through a network of artery and capillary-sized channels-drives LECT2 fibrillogenesis. To mimic blood flow through the human kidney, where LECT2 and other proteins form amyloid deposits, we developed a microfluidic device consisting of progressively branched channels narrowing from 5 mm to 20 μm in width. Flow shear was particularly pronounced at the branch points and in the smallest capillaries, and this induced LECT2 aggregation much more efficiently than conventional shaking methods. EM images suggested the resulting fibril structures were different in the two conditions. Importantly, results from the microfluidic device showed the first evidence that the I40V mutation accelerated fibril formation and increased both size and density of the aggregates. These findings suggest that kidney-like flow shear, in combination with zinc loss, acts in combination with the I40V mutation to trigger LECT2 amyloidogenesis. These microfluidic devices may be of general use for uncovering the mechanisms by which blood flow induces misfolding and amyloidosis of circulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Harsimranjit Sekhon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Stewart N. Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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13
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Rappoport S, Chrysostomou V, Pispas S, Talmon Y. The nanostructure of polyelectrolyte complexes of QPDMAEMA- b-POEGMA copolymers and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, and their stability in the presence of serum albumin. Soft Matter 2023; 19:3688-3699. [PMID: 37171380 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00467h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(oligo(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (QPDMAEMA-b-POEGMA) is a copolymer of a positively charged block and a non-ionic hydrophilic block. The positively charged block, QPDMAEMA, electrostatically interacts with oppositely charged polymers, e.g., poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and DNA, to form a complex. This complex is stable in aqueous solution due to the hydrophilic block, POEGMA, which provides colloidal stability and biocompatibility. Polyplexes can be used as non-viral vectors in gene therapy. Polyplexes are essential for delivering genetic materials into cells because they protect the genetic material from degradation before reaching the target cells, thus increasing the transfection efficiency. However, currently used polyplexes show a low transfection efficiency in vivo, probably because the polyplexes are exposed to blood proteins, such as serum albumin, which cause their dissociation. The main goal of this research is the morphology characterization of QPDMAEMA-b-POEGMA complexes with the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (NaPAA), and with DNA by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These methods give qualitative and quantitative data about the morphology of the complexes. The morphology of the complexes was examined at different charge ratios (CRs). Complexes with NaPAA form core-corona spherical micelles and vesicular structures, whereas complexes with DNA form lamellar and hexagonal structures. The QPDMAEMA-b-POEGMA and DNA complexes were also examined after exposing them to bovine serum albumin (BSA). We found that BSA does not affect the complexes for seven days. This morphology characterization is essential for better design and formulation of vectors for gene therapy and polyelectrolyte complexes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapir Rappoport
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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14
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Boster KAS, Cai S, Ladrón-de-Guevara A, Sun J, Zheng X, Du T, Thomas JH, Nedergaard M, Karniadakis GE, Kelley DH. Artificial intelligence velocimetry reveals in vivo flow rates, pressure gradients, and shear stresses in murine perivascular flows. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217744120. [PMID: 36989300 PMCID: PMC10083563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217744120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for understanding brain waste clearance and nutrient delivery, as well as edema in pathological conditions such as stroke. However, existing in vivo techniques are limited to sparse velocity measurements in pial perivascular spaces (PVSs) or low-resolution measurements from brain-wide imaging. Additionally, volume flow rate, pressure, and shear stress variation in PVSs are essentially impossible to measure in vivo. Here, we show that artificial intelligence velocimetry (AIV) can integrate sparse velocity measurements with physics-informed neural networks to quantify CSF flow in PVSs. With AIV, we infer three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution velocity, pressure, and shear stress. Validation comes from training with 70% of PTV measurements and demonstrating close agreement with the remaining 30%. A sensitivity analysis on the AIV inputs shows that the uncertainty in AIV inferred quantities due to uncertainties in the PVS boundary locations inherent to in vivo imaging is less than 30%, and the uncertainty from the neural net initialization is less than 1%. In PVSs of N = 4 wild-type mice we find mean flow speed 16.33 ± 11.09 µm/s, volume flow rate 2.22 ± 1.983 × 103 µm3/s, axial pressure gradient ( - 2.75 ± 2.01)×10-4 Pa/µm (-2.07 ± 1.51 mmHg/m), and wall shear stress (3.00 ± 1.45)×10-3 Pa (all mean ± SE). Pressure gradients, flow rates, and resistances agree with prior predictions. AIV infers in vivo PVS flows in remarkable detail, which will improve fluid dynamic models and potentially clarify how CSF flow changes with aging, Alzheimer's disease, and small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengze Cai
- Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Antonio Ladrón-de-Guevara
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14627
| | - Jiatong Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627
| | - Xiaoning Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Ting Du
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14627
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning110122, China
| | - John H. Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY14627
| | - George Em Karniadakis
- Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Douglas H. Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY14627
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15
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Hollister JCP, Rodriguez M, Hosseini H, Papour A, Hubschman JP, Kavehpour HP. Ultrasonic Vitrectomy Performance Assessment Using Micro-Extensional Rheology. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 36790819 PMCID: PMC9940767 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of ultrasonic (US) vitrectomy devices by quantifying and comparing its impact on extracted vitreous properties to conventional pneumatic blade (PB) cutters using micro-extensional rheology. US vitrectomy is a new technology that offers an alternative to PB cutters used in vitreo-retinal surgeries. Methods Thirty-six porcine vitreous samples were extracted using US and PB cutters. Each sample was kept at 4°C and tested within 24 hours postmortem and 4 hours post-vitrectomy. A recently developed micro-extensional rheology technique is used to infer the relative protein fragment size of extracted vitreous by quantifying the extensional relaxation time. Results US-extracted vitreous exhibited extensional relaxation times orders of magnitude lower than PB-extracted vitreous (0.37 ms and 27.25 ms, respectively). Relaxation time is directly correlated to the fragment size of the collagen fibers in the vitreous. The formation of beads-on-a-string droplets within the PB samples indicates the presence of larger collagen fragments. These droplets were not seen on US samples. Conclusions This new micro-extensional rheology technique can identify significant differences in physical properties of extracted vitreous. Long relaxation times and beads-on-a-string droplets within the PB vitreous samples indicate larger protein fragments compared to the US samples. Translational Relevance Higher fragmentation of vitreous and lower extensional relaxation times may improve retina safety due to a reduction in vitreo-retinal traction resulting from the continuous shear action and aspiration applied by ultrasonic vitrectomy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. P. Hollister
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mercedes Rodriguez
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helia Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - H. Pirouz Kavehpour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Kopp MRG, Grigolato F, Zürcher D, Das TK, Chou D, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Surface-Induced Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Biologics: Current Understanding of Mechanisms, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:377-385. [PMID: 36223809 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability against aggregation is a major quality concern for the production of safe and effective biopharmaceuticals. Amongst the different drivers of protein aggregation, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between proteins and interfaces represent a major risk factor for the formation of protein aggregates in aqueous solutions. Potentially harmful surfaces relevant to biologics manufacturing and storage include air-water and silicone oil-water interfaces as well as materials from different processing units, storage containers, and delivery devices. The impact of some of these surfaces, for instance originating from impurities, can be difficult to predict and control. Moreover, aggregate formation may additionally be complicated by the simultaneous presence of interfacial, hydrodynamic and mechanical stresses, whose contributions may be difficult to deconvolute. As a consequence, it remains difficult to identify the key chemical and physical determinants and define appropriate analytical methods to monitor and predict protein instability at these interfaces. In this review, we first discuss the main mechanisms of surface-induced protein aggregation. We then review the types of contact materials identified as potentially harmful or detected as potential triggers of proteinaceous particle formation in formulations and discuss proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we present current methods to probe surface-induced instabilities, which represent a starting point towards assays that can be implemented in early-stage screening and formulation development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Abstract
Understanding the atomistic resolution changes during the self-assembly of amyloid peptides or proteins is important to develop compounds or conditions to alter the aggregation pathways and suppress the toxicity and potentially aid in the development of drugs. However, the complexity of protein aggregation and the transient order/disorder of oligomers along the pathways to fibril are very challenging. In this Perspective, we discuss computational studies of amyloid polypeptides carried out under various conditions, including conditions closely mimicking in vivo and point out the challenges in obtaining physiologically relevant results, focusing mainly on the amyloid-beta Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, UPR 9080, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
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18
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Tian Y, Shin K, Aleshin AE, Im W, Marassi FM. Calcium-induced environmental adaptability of the blood protein vitronectin. Biophys J 2022; 121:3896-3906. [PMID: 36056555 PMCID: PMC9674982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptability of proteins to their work environments is fundamental for cellular life. Here, we describe how the hemopexin-like domain of the multifunctional blood glycoprotein vitronectin binds Ca2+ to adapt to excursions of temperature and shear stress. Using X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, NMR, and differential scanning fluorimetry, we describe how Ca2+ and its flexible hydration shell enable the protein to perform conformational changes that relay beyond the calcium-binding site and alter the number of polar contacts to enhance conformational stability. By means of mutagenesis, we identify key residues that cooperate with Ca2+ to promote protein stability, and we show that calcium association confers protection against shear stress, a property that is advantageous for proteins that circulate in the vasculature, like vitronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Kyungsoo Shin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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19
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Trumbore CN, Raghunandan A. An Alzheimer's Disease Mechanism Based on Early Pathology, Anatomy, Vascular-Induced Flow, and Migration of Maximum Flow Stress Energy Location with Increasing Vascular Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:33-59. [PMID: 36155517 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper suggests a chemical mechanism for the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow stresses provide the energy needed to induce molecular conformation changes leading to AD by initiating amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau aggregation. Shear and extensional flow stresses initiate aggregation in the laboratory and in natural biophysical processes. Energy-rich CSF flow regions are mainly found in lower brain regions. MRI studies reveal flow stress "hot spots" in basal cisterns and brain ventricles that have chaotic flow properties that can distort molecules such as Aβ and tau trapped in these regions into unusual conformations. Such fluid disturbance is surrounded by tissue deformation. There is strong mapping overlap between the locations of these hot spots and of early-stage AD pathology. Our mechanism creates pure and mixed protein dimers, followed by tissue surface adsorption, and long-term tissue agitation ultimately inducing chemical reactions forming more stable, toxic oligomer seeds that initiate AD. It is proposed that different flow stress energies and flow types in different basal brain regions produce different neurotoxic aggregates. Proliferating artery hardening is responsible for enhanced heart systolic pulses that drive energetic CSF pulses, whose critical maximum systolic pulse energy location migrates further from the heart with increasing vascular disease. Two glymphatic systems, carotid and basilar, are suggested to contain the earliest Aβ and tau AD disease pathologies. A key to the proposed AD mechanism is a comparison of early chronic traumatic encephalopathy and AD pathologies. Experiments that test the proposed mechanism are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad N Trumbore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunandan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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20
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Eshraghi J, Dou Z, Veilleux JC, Shi G, Collins D, Ardekani AM, Vlachos PP. The Air Entrainment and Hydrodynamic Shear of the Liquid Slosh in Syringes. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122210. [PMID: 36122618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interface motion and hydrodynamic shear induced by the liquid sloshing during the insertion stage of an autoinjector can help improve drug product administration. We perform experiments to investigate the interfacial motion and hydrodynamic shear due to the acceleration and deceleration of syringes. The goal is to explore the role of fluid properties, air gap size, and syringe acceleration on the interface dynamics caused by autoinjector activation. We used a simplified autoinjector platform to record the syringe and liquid motion without any view obstruction. Water and silicone oil with the same viscosity are used as the model fluids. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is employed to measure the velocity field. Simultaneous shadowgraph visualization captures the air entrainment. Our in-house PIV and image processing algorithms are used to quantify the hydrodynamic stress and interfacial area to investigate the effects of various autoinjector design parameters and fluid types on liquid sloshing. The results indicate that reducing the air gap volume and syringe acceleration/deceleration mitigate the interface area and effective shear. Moreover, the interfacial area and induced hydrodynamic stress decrease with the Fr=U/aD, where U is the interface velocity, a is the maximum syringe acceleration, and D is the syringe diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Eshraghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Zhongwang Dou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Galen Shi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | | | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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21
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Lauser KT, Rueter AL, Calabrese MA. Polysorbate identity and quantity dictate the extensional flow properties of protein‐excipient solutions. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Lauser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Amy L. Rueter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Michelle A. Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
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22
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Eshraghi J, Veilleux JC, Shi G, Collins D, Ardekani AM, Vlachos PP. Assessment of Cavitation Intensity in Accelerating Syringes of Spring-Driven Autoinjectors. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2247-2261. [PMID: 35854079 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cavitation is an undesired phenomenon that may occur in certain types of autoinjectors (AIs). Cavitation happens because of rapid changes of pressure in a liquid, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities, which upon collapsing, can generate an intense shock wave that may damage the device container and the protein drug molecules. Cavitation occurs in the AI because of the syringe-drug relative displacement as a result of the syringe's sudden acceleration during needle insertion and the ensuing pressure drop at the bottom of the container. Therefore, it's crucial to analyze the potential effect of cavitation on AI. The goal of the current study is to investigate the effects of syringe and AI design parameters such as air gap size, syringe filling volume, fluid viscosity, and drive spring force (syringe acceleration) on the risk and severity of cavitation. METHODS A model autoinjector platform is built to record the syringe and cavitation dynamics which we use to estimate the cavitation intensity in terms of extension rate and to study the effects of design parameters on the severity of cavitation. RESULTS Our results show the generation of an intense shock wave and a high extension rate upon cavitation collapse. The induced extension rate increases with syringe acceleration and filling volume and decreases with viscosity and air gap size. CONCLUSION The most severe cavitation occurred in an AI device with the larger drive spring force and the syringe of a smaller air gap size filled with a less viscous fluid and a larger filling volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Eshraghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | | | - Galen Shi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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23
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Ahmed A, Mansouri M, Joshi IM, Byerley AM, Day SW, Gaborski TR, Abhyankar VV. Local extensional flows promote long-range fiber alignment in 3D collagen hydrogels. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35735228 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Randomly oriented type I collagen (COL1) fibers in the extracellular matrix are reorganized by biophysical forces into aligned domains extending several millimeters and with varying degrees of fiber alignment. These aligned fibers can transmit traction forces, guide tumor cell migration, facilitate angiogenesis, and influence tissue morphogenesis. To create aligned COL1 domains in microfluidic cell culture models, shear flows have been used to align thin COL1 matrices (<50µm in height) in a microchannel. However, there has been limited investigation into the role of shear flows in aligning 3D hydrogels (>130µm). Here, we show that pure shear flows do not induce fiber alignment in 3D atelo COL1 hydrogels, but the simple addition of local extensional flow promotes alignment that is maintained across several millimeters, with a degree of alignment directly related to the extensional strain rate. We further advance experimental capabilities by addressing the practical challenge of accessing a 3D hydrogel formed within a microchannel by introducing a magnetically coupled modular platform that can be released to expose the microengineered hydrogel. We demonstrate the platform's capability to pattern cells and fabricate multi-layered COL1 matrices using layer-by-layer fabrication and specialized modules. Our approach provides an easy-to-use fabrication method to achieve advanced hydrogel microengineering capabilities that combine fiber alignment with biofabrication capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
| | - Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
| | - Indranil M Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
| | - Ann M Byerley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
| | - Steven W Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
| | - Thomas R Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, United States of America
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24
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Schwaller C, Fokkens K, Helmreich B, Drewes JE. CFD simulations of flow fields during ultrafiltration: Effects of hydrodynamic strain rates with and without a particle cake layer on the permeation of mobile genetic elements. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Many biological processes result from the effect of mechanical forces on macromolecular structures and on their interactions. In particular, the cell shape, motion, and differentiation directly depend on mechanical stimuli from the extracellular matrix or from neighboring cells. The development of experimental techniques that can measure and characterize the tiny forces acting at the cellular scale and down to the single-molecule, biomolecular level has enabled access to unprecedented details about the involved mechanisms. However, because the experimental observables often do not provide a direct atomistic picture of the corresponding phenomena, particle-based simulations performed at various scales are instrumental in complementing these experiments and in providing a molecular interpretation. Here, we will review the recent key achievements in the field, and we will highlight and discuss the many technical challenges these simulations are facing, as well as suggest future directions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Stirnemann
- CNRS Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, PSL University, Université de Paris, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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Wood VE, Groves K, Wong LM, Kong L, Bird C, Wadhwa M, Quaglia M, Matejtschuk P, Dalby PA. Protein Engineering and HDX Identify Structural Regions of G-CSF Critical to Its Stability and Aggregation. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:616-629. [PMID: 34965730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The protein engineering and formulation of therapeutic proteins for prolonged shelf-life remain a major challenge in the biopharmaceutical industry. Understanding the influence of mutations and formulations on the protein structure and dynamics could lead to more predictive approaches to their improvement. Previous intrinsic fluorescence analysis of the chemically denatured granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) suggested that loop AB could subtly reorganize to form an aggregation-prone intermediate state. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) has also revealed that excipient binding increased the thermal unfolding transition midpoint (Tm) by stabilizing loop AB. Here, we have combined protein engineering with biophysical analyses and HDX-MS to reveal that increased exchange in a core region of the G-CSF comprising loop AB (ABI, a small helix, ABII) and loop CD packed onto helix B and the beginning of loop BC leads to a decrease in Tm and higher aggregation rates. Furthermore, some mutations can increase the population of the aggregation-prone conformation within the native ensemble, as measured by the greater local exchange within this core region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Wood
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Kate Groves
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - Lok Man Wong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Luyan Kong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Christopher Bird
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K
| | - Milena Quaglia
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, U.K
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, U.K
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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Xia M, Wang Y, Sheng L, Cai Z, Zhou X. Positive response to surfactants on the interfacial behavior and aggregation stability of Fab fragments from yolk immunoglobulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1078-1085. [PMID: 34800518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The antigen binding fragment (Fab) is pepsin-digested product from egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY), which shows lower immunogenicity and higher antibacterial activity. However, it limited the application of Fab due to the spontaneous adsorption and aggregation at the air-liquid interface. The present work is to investigate the effect of surfactants polysorbate 20 (PS20), poloxamer 188 (P188), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the aggregation stability of Fab of IgY. The results confirmed the positive role of surfactants in improving Fab stability. PS20 could effectively prevent the generation of Fab aggregates (DLS and light-obscuration analysis). It could also distinctly increase the internal hydrophobicity level, fortify the surface charge by altering the molecular conformational characteristics of Fab. The results of CLSM and surface tension demonstrated that P188 and PEG were co-adsorbed with Fab at the air-liquid interface and inhibited the formation of aggregation. PS20 competitively adsorbed in the gap between Fab molecules to inhibit the formation of aggregates. These findings would give an in-depth understanding of protein aggregation behavior influenced by surfactants and provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional food based on Fab active fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minquan Xia
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Sheng
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Lauser KT, Rueter AL, Calabrese MA. Small-volume extensional rheology of concentrated protein and protein-excipient solutions. Soft Matter 2021; 17:9624-9635. [PMID: 34622265 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies measure extensional rheology in protein solutions due to volume constraints and measurement challenges. We developed a small-volume, dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) extensional rheology device to measure the capillary thinning of protein and protein-excipient solutions via DoS for the first time. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as a model system, examined via DoS both with and without excipient poloxamer 188 (P188). Water and dilute OVA break apart rapidly and demonstrate inertiocapillary (IC) thinning behavior, where longer breakup times in OVA can be attributed to lower surface tension. Further increasing OVA content leads to longer breakup times and deviations from IC thinning at the start of thinning, however, no evidence of elastic behavior is observed. P188 more effectively lowers the droplet surface tension than OVA, transitioning from IC behavior in dilute solution to weakly elastic behavior at higher concentrations. Combined protein/excipient formulations act synergistically at low concentrations, where breakup times are identical to those of the individual components despite the higher total concentration. However concentrated protein/excipient formulations exhibit elasticity, where extensional rheology parameters depend on P188 content and total concentration. These findings imply that excipients intended to stabilize proteins in shear flow can cause undesirable behavior in extensional flows like injection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L Rueter
- 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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29
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Lanzaro A. A microfluidic approach to studying the injection flow of concentrated albumin solutions. SN Appl Sci 2021; 3:783. [PMID: 34723096 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Subcutaneous injection by means of prefilled syringes allows patients to self-administrate high-concentration (100 g/L or more) protein-based drugs. Although the shear flow of concentrated globulins or monoclonal antibodies has been intensively studied and related to the injection force proper of SC processes, very small attention has been paid to the extensional behavior of this category of complex fluids. This work focuses on the flow of concentrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions through a microfluidic “syringe-on-chip” contraction device which shares some similarities with the geometry of syringes used in SC self-injection. By comparing the velocity and pressure measurements in complex flow with rheometric shear measurements obtained by means of the “Rheo-chip” device, it is shown that the extensional viscosity plays an important role in the injection process of protinaceous drugs. Article Highlights A microfluidic “syringe on chip” device mimicking the injection flow of protinaceous drugs has been developed. The velocity field of concentrated BSA solutions through the “syringe on chip” is Newtonian-like. The extensional viscosity of concentrated protein solutions should also be considered when computing injection forces through needles.
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Casillas-Ituarte NN, Staats AM, Lower BH, Stoodley P, Lower SK. Host blood proteins as bridging ligand in bacterial aggregation as well as anchor point for adhesion in the molecular pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Micron 2021; 150:103137. [PMID: 34392091 PMCID: PMC8484042 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) and fibrinogen (Fg) are major host proteins present in the extracellular matrix, blood, and coatings on indwelling medical devices. The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause infections in humans depends on favorable interactions with these host ligands. Closely related bacterial adhesins, fibronectin-binding proteins A and B (FnBPA, FnBPB) were evaluated for two key steps in pathogenesis: clumping and adhesion. Experiments utilized optical spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, and atomic force microscopy to probe FnBPA/B alone or in combination in seven different strains of S. aureus and Lactococcus lactis, a Gram-positive surrogate that naturally lacks adhesins to mammalian ligands. In the absence of soluble ligands, both FnBPA and FnBPB were capable of interacting with adjacent FnBPs from neighboring bacteria to mediate clumping. In the presence of soluble host ligands, clumping was enhanced particularly under shear stress and with Fn present in the media. FnBPB exhibited greater ability to clump compared to FnBPA. The strength of adhesion was similar for immobilized Fn to FnBPA and FnBPB. These findings suggest that these two distinct but closely related bacterial adhesins, have different functional capabilities to interact with host ligands in different settings (e.g., soluble vs. immobilized). Survival and persistence of S. aureus in a human host may depend on complementary roles of FnBPA and FnBPB as they interact with different conformations of Fn or Fg (compact in solution vs. extended on a surface) present in different physiological spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Casillas-Ituarte
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Amelia M Staats
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian H Lower
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steven K Lower
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
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31
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Hakala TA, Yates EV, Challa PK, Toprakcioglu Z, Nadendla K, Matak-Vinkovic D, Dobson CM, Martínez R, Corzana F, Knowles TPJ, Bernardes GJL. Accelerating Reaction Rates of Biomolecules by Using Shear Stress in Artificial Capillary Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16401-16410. [PMID: 34606279 PMCID: PMC8517977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetics is a design principle within chemistry, biology, and engineering, but chemistry biomimetic approaches have been generally limited to emulating nature's chemical toolkit while emulation of nature's physical toolkit has remained largely unexplored. To begin to explore this, we designed biophysically mimetic microfluidic reactors with characteristic length scales and shear stresses observed within capillaries. We modeled the effect of shear with molecular dynamics studies and showed that this induces specific normally buried residues to become solvent accessible. We then showed using kinetics experiments that rates of reaction of these specific residues in fact increase in a shear-dependent fashion. We applied our results in the creation of a new microfluidic approach for the multidimensional study of cysteine biomarkers. Finally, we used our approach to establish dissociation of the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab in a reducing environment. Our results have implications for the efficacy of existing therapeutic antibodies in blood plasma as well as suggesting in general that biophysically mimetic chemistry is exploited in biology and should be explored as a research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A Hakala
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Emma V Yates
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Pavan K Challa
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Karthik Nadendla
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dijana Matak-Vinkovic
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Martínez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Universidad de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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32
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Sepúlveda V, Maurelia F, González M, Aguayo J, Caprile T. SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34600566 PMCID: PMC8487547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architecture resembles a combination of a matricellular protein and the ligand-binding region of LDL receptor family. The matricellular proteins are a group of extracellular proteins with the capacity to interact with different molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and cellular receptors; enabling the integration of information to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. In the same way, the LDL receptor family interacts with many ligands, including β-amyloid peptide and different growth factors. The domains similarity suggests that SCO-spondin is a matricellular protein enabled to bind, modulate, and transport different cerebrospinal fluid molecules. SCO-spondin can be found soluble or polymerized into a dynamic threadlike structure called the Reissner fiber, which extends from the diencephalon to the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Reissner fiber continuously moves caudally as new SCO-spondin molecules are added at the cephalic end and are disaggregated at the caudal end. This movement, like a conveyor belt, allows the transport of the bound molecules, thereby increasing their lifespan and action radius. The binding of SCO-spondin to some relevant molecules has already been reported; however, in this review we suggest more than 30 possible binding partners, including peptide β-amyloid and several growth factors. This new perspective characterizes SCO-spondin as a regulator of cerebrospinal fluid activity, explaining its high evolutionary conservation, its apparent multifunctionality, and the lethality or severe malformations, such as hydrocephalus and curved body axis, of knockout embryos. Understanding the regulation and identifying binding partners of SCO-spondin are crucial for better comprehension of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, contributing actively to oncotic pressure maintenance and fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA acts as the main carrier of fatty acids, recognizes metal ions, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays esterase, enolase, glucuronidase, and peroxidase (pseudo)-enzymatic activities. HSA-based catalysis is physiologically relevant, affecting the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds including proteins, lipids, cholesterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and drugs. Catalytic properties of HSA are modulated by allosteric effectors, competitive inhibitors, chemical modifications, pathological conditions, and aging. HSA displays anti-oxidant properties and is critical for plasma detoxification from toxic agents and for pro-drugs activation. The enzymatic properties of HSA can be also exploited by chemical industries as a scaffold to produce libraries of catalysts with improved proficiency and stereoselectivity for water decontamination from poisonous agents and environmental contaminants, in the so called “green chemistry” field. Here, an overview of the intrinsic and metal dependent (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of HSA is reported to highlight the roles played by this multifaced protein.
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Abstract
Fluid forces and their effects on cells have been researched for quite some time, especially in the realm of biology and medicine. Shear forces have been the primary emphasis, often attributed as being the main source of cell deformation/damage in devices like prosthetic heart valves and artificial organs. Less well understood and studied are extensional stresses which are often found in such devices, in bioreactors, and in normal blood circulation. Several microfluidic channels utilizing hyperbolic, abrupt, or tapered constrictions and cross-flow geometries, have been used to isolate the effects of extensional flow. Under such flow cell deformations, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and a variety of other cell types have been examined. Results suggest that extensional stresses cause larger deformation than shear stresses of the same magnitude. This has further implications in assessing cell injury from mechanical forces in artificial organs and bioreactors. The cells' greater sensitivity to extensional stress has found utility in mechanophenotyping devices, which have been successfully used to identify pathologies that affect cell deformability. Further application outside of biology includes disrupting cells for increased food product stability and harvesting macromolecules for biofuel. The effects of extensional stresses on cells remains an area meriting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edgar A. O’Rear
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (K.M.F.); (D.V.P.)
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35
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Motiei M, Mirahmadi-Zare SZ, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Chemical stabilization of γ-polyglutamate by chitosan and the effect of co-solvents on the stability. Biophys Chem 2021; 275:106605. [PMID: 33964508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In protein-based formulations, conformational distortions and attractive interactions may cause insoluble and undesired aggregates. In the case of ionic peptides, including cationic or anionic, commonly electrostatic interactions are the main factors that control structure assembling. In this study, it was proposed that grafting of chitosan (CS) to γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) might exhibit much strong inhibiting effect on the formation of protein aggregates due to multiple amino groups and hydrophilic properties. To guarantee stable and safe biopharmaceutical formulation, the potency of a variety of stabilizers including sugars (glucose, sucrose), polyols (sorbitol, glycerol), surfactant (Tween 20), salting-out salt (PBS), and also different pH values have been evaluated on stabilizing or destabilizing the native state of CS-g-PGA copolymer using FTIR, CD, DLS, and SDS-PAGE. The comparable analysis revealed that the stability of CS-g-PGA was strongly dependent on pH owing to the polyelectrolyte characteristics of the polymers. Altogether these results implied that CS at optimized conditions might be an important precursor for the pharmaceutical industry and function as a new polymer for aggregation suppression and protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Motiei
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran; Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Seyede Zohreh Mirahmadi-Zare
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, 8159358686 Isfahan, Iran
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36
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Toprakcioglu Z, Knowles TPJ. Shear-mediated sol-gel transition of regenerated silk allows the formation of Janus-like microgels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6673. [PMID: 33758259 PMCID: PMC7988050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcapsules and microgels consisting of macromolecular networks have received increasing attention due to their biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Protein microgels and in particular silk-based microcapsules have desirable properties due to their biocompatibility and lack of toxicity. Typically such structures formed through emulsion templating are spherical in geometry due to interfacial tension. However, approaches to synthesis particles with more complex and non-spherical geometries are sought due to their packing properties and cargo release characteristics. Here, we describe a droplet-microfluidic strategy for generating asymmetric tubular-like microgels from reconstituted silk fibroin; a major component of native silk. It was determined using fluorescence microscopy, that the shear stress within the microchannel promotes surface protein aggregation, resulting in the asymmetric morphology of the microgels. Moreover, the structural transition that the protein undergoes was confirmed using FTIR. Crucially, the core of the microgels remains liquid, while the surface has fully aggregated into a fibrillar network. Additionally, we show that microgel morphology could be controlled by varying the dispersed to continuous phase flow rates, while it was determined that the radius of curvature of the asymmetric microgels is correlated to the wall shear stress. By comparing the surface fluorescence intensity of the microgels as a function of radius of curvature, the effect of the shear stress on the amount of aggregation could be quantified. Finally, the potential use of these asymmetric microgels as carriers of cargo molecules is showcased. As the core of the microgel remains liquid but the shell has gelled, this approach is highly suitable for the storage of bio-active cargo molecules such as antibodies, making such a delivery system attractive in the context of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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Evans SE, Harrington T, Rodriguez Rivero MC, Rognin E, Tuladhar T, Daly R. 2D and 3D inkjet printing of biopharmaceuticals - A review of trends and future perspectives in research and manufacturing. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120443. [PMID: 33675921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing global shift in pharmaceutical business models from small molecule drugs to biologics. This increase in complexity is in response to advancements in our diagnoses and understanding of diseases. With the more targeted approach coupled with its inherently more costly development and manufacturing, 2D and 3D printing are being explored as suitable techniques to deliver more personalised and affordable routes to drug discovery and manufacturing. In this review, we explore first the business context underlying this shift to biopharmaceuticals and provide an update on the latest work exploring discovery and pharmaceutics. We then draw on multiple disciplines to help reveal the shared challenges facing researchers and firms aiming to develop biopharmaceuticals, specifically when using the most commonly explored manufacturing routes of drop-on-demand inkjet printing and pneumatic extrusion. This includes separating out how to consider mechanical and chemical influences during manufacturing, the role of the chosen hardware and the challenges of aqueous formulation based on similar challenges being faced by the printing industry. Together, this provides a review of existing work and guidance for researchers and industry to help with the de-risking and rapid development of future biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etienne Rognin
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge (UK), UK
| | | | - Ronan Daly
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge (UK), UK.
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39
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Nguyen PH, Ramamoorthy A, Sahoo BR, Zheng J, Faller P, Straub JE, Dominguez L, Shea JE, Dokholyan NV, De Simone A, Ma B, Nussinov R, Najafi S, Ngo ST, Loquet A, Chiricotto M, Ganguly P, McCarty J, Li MS, Hall C, Wang Y, Miller Y, Melchionna S, Habenstein B, Timr S, Chen J, Hnath B, Strodel B, Kayed R, Lesné S, Wei G, Sterpone F, Doig AJ, Derreumaux P. Amyloid Oligomers: A Joint Experimental/Computational Perspective on Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Type II Diabetes, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2545-2647. [PMID: 33543942 PMCID: PMC8836097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation is observed in many amyloidogenic diseases affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. Structural and dynamic characterization of all species along the pathways from monomers to fibrils is challenging by experimental and computational means because they involve intrinsically disordered proteins in most diseases. Yet understanding how amyloid species become toxic is the challenge in developing a treatment for these diseases. Here we review what computer, in vitro, in vivo, and pharmacological experiments tell us about the accumulation and deposition of the oligomers of the (Aβ, tau), α-synuclein, IAPP, and superoxide dismutase 1 proteins, which have been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes (T2D), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, respectively, for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H Nguyen
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- Department of Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alfonso De Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Molecular Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saeed Najafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mara Chiricotto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Pritam Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James McCarty
- Chemistry Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carol Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yifat Miller
- Department of Chemistry and The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects, (UMR5248 CBMN), CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Stepan Timr
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Brianna Hnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sylvain Lesné
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fabio Sterpone
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Andrew J Doig
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- CNRS, UPR9080, Université de Paris, Laboratory of Theoretical Biochemistry, IBPC, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 33000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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40
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Zhang Y, Han D, Dou Z, Veilleux JC, Shi GH, Collins DS, Vlachos PP, Ardekani AM. The Interface Motion and Hydrodynamic Shear of the Liquid Slosh in Syringes. Pharm Res 2021; 38:257-275. [PMID: 33619639 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interface motion and hydrodynamic shear of the liquid slosh during the insertion of syringes upon autoinjector activation may damage the protein drug molecules. Experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics simulations are used in this study to investigate the interfacial motion and hydrodynamic shear due to acceleration and deceleration of syringes. The goal is to explore the role of fluid viscosity, air gap size, syringe acceleration, syringe tilt angle, liquid-wall contact angle, surface tension and fill volume on the interface dynamics caused by autoinjector activation. METHODS A simplified autoinjector platform submerged in water is built to record the syringe and liquid motion without obstruction of view. The syringe kinematics is imported to the simulations based on OpenFOAM InterIsoFoam solver, which is used to study the effects of various physical parameters. RESULTS The simulations agree with experiments on the air-liquid interface profile and interface area. The interfacial area and the volume of fluid subject to high strain rate decrease with the solution viscosity, increase with the air gap height, syringe velocity, tilt angle and syringe wall hydrophobicity, and hardly change with the surface tension and liquid column height. The hydrodynamic shear mainly occurs near the syringe wall and entrained bubbles. CONCLUSION For a given dose of drug solution, the syringe with smaller radius and larger length will generate less liquid slosh. Reducing the air volume and syringe wall hydrophobicity are also helpful to reduce interface area and effective shear. The interface motion is reduced when the syringe axis is aligned with the gravitational direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dingding Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhongwang Dou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Galen H Shi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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41
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Grigolato F, Arosio P. The role of surfaces on amyloid formation. Biophys Chem 2021; 270:106533. [PMID: 33529995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces can strongly accelerate or inhibit protein aggregation, destabilizing proteins that are stable in solution or, conversely, stabilizing proteins that are aggregation-prone. Although this behaviour is well-known, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying surface-induced protein aggregation is still largely incomplete. A major challenge is represented by the high number of physico-chemical parameters involved, which are highly specific to the considered combination of protein, surface properties, and solution conditions. The key aspect determining the role of interfaces is the relative propensity of the protein to aggregate at the surface with respect to bulk. In this review, we discuss the multiple molecular determinants that regulate this balance. We summarize current experimental techniques aimed at characterizing protein aggregation at interfaces, and highlight the need to complement experimental analysis with theoretical modelling. In particular, we illustrate how chemical kinetic analysis can be combined with experimental methods to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying surface-induced protein aggregation, under both stagnant and agitation conditions. We summarize recent progress in the study of important amyloids systems, focusing on selected relevant interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
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42
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Zhou J, Venturelli L, Keiser L, Sekatskii SK, Gallaire F, Kasas S, Longo G, Knowles TPJ, Ruggeri FS, Dietler G. Environmental Control of Amyloid Polymorphism by Modulation of Hydrodynamic Stress. ACS Nano 2021; 15:944-953. [PMID: 33348981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of amyloid polymorphism is a key feature of protein aggregation. Unravelling this phenomenon is of great significance for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases and for the development of amyloid-based functional biomaterials. However, the understanding of the molecular origins and the physicochemical factors modulating amyloid polymorphs remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate an association between amyloid polymorphism and environmental stress in solution, induced by an air/water interface in motion. Our results reveal that low-stress environments produce heterogeneous amyloid polymorphs, including twisted, helical, and rod-like fibrils, whereas high-stress conditions generate only homogeneous rod-like fibrils. Moreover, high environmental stress converts twisted fibrils into rod-like fibrils both in-pathway and after the completion of mature amyloid formation. These results enrich our understanding of the environmental origin of polymorphism of pathological amyloids and shed light on the potential of environmentally controlled fabrication of homogeneous amyloid biomaterials for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhou
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Venturelli
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Keiser
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Instabilities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergey K Sekatskii
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Gallaire
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Instabilities, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Francesco S Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Trumbore CN. Shear-Induced Amyloid Aggregation in the Brain: V. Are Alzheimer's and Other Amyloid Diseases Initiated in the Lower Brain and Brainstem by Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Stresses? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:979-1002. [PMID: 33386802 PMCID: PMC7990457 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau oligomers have been identified as neurotoxic agents responsible for causing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical trials using Aβ and tau as targets have failed, giving rise to calls for new research approaches to combat AD. This paper provides such an approach. Most basic AD research has involved quiescent Aβ and tau solutions. However, studies involving laminar and extensional flow of proteins have demonstrated that mechanical agitation of proteins induces or accelerates protein aggregation. Recent MRI brain studies have revealed high energy, chaotic motion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in lower brain and brainstem regions. These and studies showing CSF flow within the brain have shown that there are two energetic hot spots. These are within the third and fourth brain ventricles and in the neighborhood of the circle of Willis blood vessel region. These two regions are also the same locations as those of the earliest Aβ and tau AD pathology. In this paper, it is proposed that cardiac systolic pulse waves that emanate from the major brain arteries in the lower brain and brainstem regions and whose pulse waves drive CSF flows within the brain are responsible for initiating AD and possibly other amyloid diseases. It is further proposed that the triggering of these diseases comes about because of the strengthening of systolic pulses due to major artery hardening that generates intense CSF extensional flow stress. Such stress provides the activation energy needed to induce conformational changes of both Aβ and tau within the lower brain and brainstem region, producing unique neurotoxic oligomer molecule conformations that induce AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad N. Trumbore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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44
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Chubarov A, Spitsyna A, Krumkacheva O, Mitin D, Suvorov D, Tormyshev V, Fedin M, Bowman MK, Bagryanskaya E. Reversible Dimerization of Human Serum Albumin. Molecules 2020; 26:E108. [PMID: 33383640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed Dipolar Spectroscopy (PDS) methods of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) were used to detect and characterize reversible non-covalent dimers of Human Serum Albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in human plasma. The spin labels, MTSL and OX063, were attached to Cys-34 and these chemical modifications of Cys-34 did affect the dimerization of HSA, indicating that other post-translational modifications can modulate dimer formation. At physiologically relevant concentrations, HSA does form weak, non-covalent dimers with a well-defined structure. Dimer formation is readily reversible into monomers. Dimerization is very relevant to the role of HSA in the transport, binding, and other physiological processes.
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45
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46
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Wood VE, Groves K, Cryar A, Quaglia M, Matejtschuk P, Dalby PA. HDX and In Silico Docking Reveal that Excipients Stabilize G-CSF via a Combination of Preferential Exclusion and Specific Hotspot Interactions. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4637-4651. [PMID: 33112626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assuring the stability of therapeutic proteins is a major challenge in the biopharmaceutical industry, and a better molecular understanding of the mechanisms through which formulations influence their stability is an ongoing priority. While the preferential exclusion effects of excipients are well known, the additional presence and impact of specific protein-excipient interactions have proven to be more elusive to identify and characterize. We have taken a combined approach of in silico molecular docking and hydrogen deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to characterize the interactions between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and some common excipients. These interactions were related to their influence on the thermal-melting temperatures (Tm) for the nonreversible unfolding of G-CSF in liquid formulations. The residue-level interaction sites predicted in silico correlated well with those identified experimentally and highlighted the potential impact of specific excipient interactions on the Tm of G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Wood
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Groves
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cryar
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Quaglia
- National Measurement Laboratory at LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington TW11 0LY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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47
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Krzysko AJ, Nakouzi E, Zhang X, Graham TR, Rosso KM, Schenter GK, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Frith MG, Ivory CF, Clark SB, Weston JS, Weigandt KM, De Yoreo JJ, Chun J, Anovitz LM. Correlating inter-particle forces and particle shape to shear-induced aggregation/fragmentation and rheology for dilute anisotropic particle suspensions: A complementary study via capillary rheometry and in-situ small and ultra-small angle X-ray scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Nguyen PH, Derreumaux P. Structures of the intrinsically disordered Aβ, tau and α-synuclein proteins in aqueous solution from computer simulations. Biophys Chem 2020; 264:106421. [PMID: 32623047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play many biological roles in the human proteome ranging from vesicular transport, signal transduction to neurodegenerative diseases. The Aβ and tau proteins, and the α-synuclein protein, key players in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively are fully disordered at the monomer level. The structural heterogeneity of the monomeric and oligomeric states and the high self-assembly propensity of these three IDPs have precluded experimental structural determination. Simulations have been used to determine the atomic structures of these IDPs. In this article, we review recent computer models to capture the equilibrium ensemble of Aβ, tau and α-synuclein proteins at different association steps in aqueous solution and present new results of the PEP-FOLD framework on α-synuclein monomer.
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49
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Willis LF, Kumar A, Jain T, Caffry I, Xu Y, Radford SE, Kapur N, Vásquez M, Brockwell DJ. The uniqueness of flow in probing the aggregation behavior of clinically relevant antibodies. Eng Rep 2020; 2:e12147. [PMID: 34901768 PMCID: PMC8638667 DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be hindered by their tendency to aggregate throughout their lifetime, which can illicit immunogenic responses and render mAb manufacturing unfeasible. Consequently, there is a need to identify mAbs with desirable thermodynamic stability, solubility, and lack of self-association. These behaviors are assessed using an array of in silico and in vitro assays, as no single assay can predict aggregation and developability. We have developed an extensional and shear flow device (EFD), which subjects proteins to defined hydrodynamic forces which mimic those experienced in bioprocessing. Here, we utilize the EFD to explore the aggregation propensity of 33 IgG1 mAbs, whose variable domains are derived from clinical antibodies. Using submilligram quantities of material per replicate, wide-ranging EFD-induced aggregation (9-81% protein in pellet) was observed for these mAbs, highlighting the EFD as a sensitive method to assess aggregation propensity. By comparing the EFD-induced aggregation data to those obtained previously from 12 other biophysical assays, we show that the EFD provides distinct information compared with current measures of adverse biophysical behavior. Assessing a candidate's liability to hydrodynamic force thus adds novel insight into the rational selection of developable mAbs that complements other assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F. Willis
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Isabelle Caffry
- Adimab LLCLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- Cornell Johnson Graduate School of ManagementIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Yingda Xu
- Adimab LLCLebanonNew HampshireUSA
- Biotheus Inc.ZhuhaiGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - David J. Brockwell
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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50
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Hosseini H, Rangchian A, Prins ML, Giza CC, Ruberti JW, Kavehpour HP. Probing Flow-Induced Biomolecular Interactions With Micro-Extensional Rheology: Tau Protein Aggregation. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1074527. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4046330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biomolecules in solutions subjected to extensional strain can form aggregates, which may be important for our understanding of pathologies involving insoluble protein structures where mechanical forces are thought to be causative (e.g., tau fibers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)). To examine the behavior of biomolecules in solution under mechanical strains requires applying rheological methods, often to very small sample volumes. There were two primary objectives in this investigation: (1) To probe flow-induced aggregation of proteins in microliter-sized samples and (2) To test the hypothesis that tau protein aggregates under extensional flow. Tau protein (isoform:3R 0 N; 36.7 kDa) was divided into 10 μl droplets and subjected to extensional strain in a modified tensiometer. Sixteen independent tests were performed where one test on a single droplet comprised three extensional events. To assess the rheological performance of the fluid/tau mixture, the diameter of the filament that formed during extension was tracked as function of time and analyzed for signs of aggregation (i.e., increased relaxation time). The results were compared to two molecules of similar and greater size (Polyethylene Oxide: PEO35, 35 kDa and PEO100, 100 kDa). Analysis showed that the tau protein solution and PEO35 are likely to have formed aggregates, albeit at relatively high extensional strain rates (∼10 kHz). The investigation demonstrates an extensional rheological method capable of determining the properties of protein solutions in μl volumes and that tau protein can aggregate when exposed to a single extensional strain with potentially significant biological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Hosseini
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - A. Rangchian
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - M. L. Prins
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, Brain Injury Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - C. C. Giza
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, Brain Injury Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - J. W. Ruberti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - H. P. Kavehpour
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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