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Babin KM, Gostynska SE, Karim JA, Pioszak AA. Variable CGRP family peptide signaling durations and the structural determinants thereof. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116235. [PMID: 38670438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptides alpha and beta (αCGRP, βCGRP), adrenomedullin (AM), and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) function in pain signaling, neuroimmune communication, and regulation of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems by activating either of two class B GPCRs, CLR and CTR, in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Inspired by our recent discovery that AM2/IMD(1-47) activation of CLR-RAMP3 elicits long duration cAMP signaling, here we used a live-cell cAMP biosensor assay to characterize the signaling kinetics of the two CGRP peptides and several bioactive AM and AM2/IMD fragments with variable N-terminal extensions. Remarkably, AM2/IMD(8-47) and AM2/IMD-53 exhibited even longer duration signaling than the 1-47 fragment. AM2/IMD(8-47) was a striking 8-fold longer acting than AM(13-52) at CLR-RAMP3. In contrast, the N-terminal extension of AM had no effect on signaling duration. AM(1-52) and (13-52) were equally short-acting. Analysis of AM2/IMD-AM mid-region chimeras and AM2/IMD R23 and R33 point mutants showed the importance of these residues for long-duration signaling and identified AM2/IMD peptides that exhibited up to 17-fold diminished signaling duration at CLR-RAMP3, while retaining near wildtype signaling potencies. βCGRP was ∼ 3-fold longer acting than αCGRP at the CGRP (CLR-RAMP1) and the amylin1 (CTR-RAMP1) receptors. Chimeric CGRP peptides showed that the single residue difference near the N-terminus, and the two differences in the mid-region, equally contributed to the longer duration of βCGRP signaling. This work uncovers key temporal differences in cAMP signaling among the CGRP family peptides, elucidates the structural bases thereof, and provides pharmacological tools for studying long-duration AM2/IMD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Sandra E Gostynska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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2
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Flores-Espinoza E, Thomsen ARB. Beneath the surface: endosomal GPCR signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00072-0. [PMID: 38643023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located at the cell surface bind extracellular ligands and convey intracellular signals via activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Traditionally, G protein signaling was viewed to occur exclusively at this subcellular region followed by rapid desensitization facilitated by β-arrestin (βarr)-mediated G protein uncoupling and receptor internalization. However, emerging evidence over the past 15 years suggests that these βarr-mediated events do not necessarily terminate receptor signaling and that some GPCRs continue to activate G proteins after having been internalized into endosomes. Here, we review the recently elucidated mechanistic basis underlying endosomal GPCR signaling and discuss physiological implications and pharmacological targeting of this newly appreciated signaling mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Flores-Espinoza
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Alex R B Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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3
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Klauer MJ, Willette BKA, Tsvetanova NG. Functional diversification of cell signaling by GPCR localization. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105668. [PMID: 38272232 PMCID: PMC10882132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and a critical class of regulators of mammalian physiology. Also known as seven transmembrane receptors (7TMs), GPCRs are ubiquitously expressed and versatile, detecting a diverse set of endogenous stimuli, including odorants, neurotransmitters, hormones, peptides, and lipids. Accordingly, GPCRs have emerged as the largest class of drug targets, accounting for upward of 30% of all prescription drugs. The view that ligand-induced GPCR responses originate exclusively from the cell surface has evolved to reflect accumulating evidence that receptors can elicit additional waves of signaling from intracellular compartments. These events in turn shape unique cellular and physiological outcomes. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the roles and regulation of compartmentalized GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Klauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blair K A Willette
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikoleta G Tsvetanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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4
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de Vries T, Rubio-Beltrán E, van den Bogaerdt A, Dammers R, Danser AHJ, Snellman J, Bussiere J, MaassenVanDenBrink A. Pharmacology of erenumab in human isolated coronary and meningeal arteries: Additional effect of gepants on top of a maximum effect of erenumab. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38320397 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor have been developed for migraine treatment. Here, the effect of the monoclonal antibody erenumab on CGRP-induced vasorelaxation was investigated in human isolated blood vessels, as well as the effect of combining erenumab with the small molecule drugs, namely rimegepant, olcegepant, or sumatriptan. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Concentration-response curves to CGRP, adrenomedullin or pramlintide were constructed in human coronary artery (HCA) and human middle meningeal artery (HMMA) segments, incubated with or without erenumab and/or olcegepant. pA2 or pKb values were calculated to determine the potency of erenumab in both tissues. To study whether acutely acting antimigraine drugs exerted additional CGRP-blocking effects on top of erenumab, HCA segments were incubated with a maximally effective concentration of erenumab (3 μM), precontracted with KCl and exposed to CGRP, followed by rimegepant, olcegepant, or sumatriptan in increasing concentrations. KEY RESULTS Erenumab shifted the concentration-response curve to CGRP in both vascular tissues. However, in HCA, the Schild plot slope was significantly smaller than unity, whereas this was not the case in HMMA, indicating different CGRP receptor mechanisms in these tissues. In HCA, rimegepant, olcegepant and sumatriptan exerted additional effects on CGRP on top of a maximal effect of erenumab. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Gepants have additional effects on top of erenumab for CGRP-induced relaxation and could be effective in treating migraine attacks in patients already using erenumab as prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eloísa Rubio-Beltrán
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruben Dammers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Peña KA, Savransky S, Lewis B. Endosomal signaling via cAMP in parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112107. [PMID: 37981188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of GPCR signaling is an emerging topic that highlights the physiological relevance of spatial bias in signaling. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTH1R) was the first GPCR described to signal via heterotrimeric G-protein and cAMP from endosomes after β-arrestin mediated internalization, challenging the canonical GPCR signaling model which established that signaling is terminated by receptor internalization. More than a decade later, many other GPCRs have been shown to signal from endosomes via cAMP, and recent studies have proposed that location of cAMP generation impacts physiological outcomes of GPCR signaling. Here, we review the extensive literature regarding PTH1R endosomal signaling via cAMP, the mechanisms that regulate endosomal generation of cAMP, and the implications of spatial bias in PTH1R physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Peña
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Sofya Savransky
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Breanna Lewis
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the largest and pharmacologically most important receptor family and are involved in the regulation of most cell functions. Most of them reside exclusively at the cell surface, from where they signal via heterotrimeric G proteins to control the production of second messengers such as cAMP and IP3 as well as the activity of several ion channels. However, they may also internalize upon agonist stimulation or constitutively reside in various intracellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that their function differs depending on their precise cellular localization. This is because the signals they produce, notably cAMP and Ca2+, are mostly bound to cell proteins that significantly reduce their mobility, allowing the generation of steep concentration gradients. As a result, signals generated by the receptors remain confined to nanometer-sized domains. We propose that such nanometer-sized domains represent the basic signaling units in a cell and a new type of target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lohse
- ISAR Bioscience Institute, Planegg/Munich, Germany;
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
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Garelja ML, Alexander TI, Bennie A, Nimick M, Petersen J, Walker CS, Hay DL. Pharmacological characterisation of erenumab, Aimovig, at two calcitonin gene-related peptide responsive receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:142-161. [PMID: 37580864 PMCID: PMC10840612 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in migraine pathophysiology. CGRP can signal through two receptors. The canonical CGRP receptor comprises the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1); the AMY1 receptor comprises the calcitonin receptor with RAMP1. Drugs that reduce CGRP activity, such as receptor antagonists, are approved for the treatment and prevention of migraine. Despite being designed to target the canonical CGRP receptor, emerging evidence suggests that these antagonists, including erenumab (a monoclonal antibody antagonist) can also antagonise the AMY1 receptor. However, it is difficult to estimate its selectivity because direct comparisons between receptors under matched conditions have not been made. We therefore characterised erenumab at both CGRP-responsive receptors with multiple ligands, including αCGRP and βCGRP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Erenumab antagonism was quantified through IC50 and pKB experiments, measuring cAMP production. We used SK-N-MC cells which endogenously express the human CGRP receptor, and HEK293S and Cos7 cells transiently transfected to express either human CGRP or AMY1 receptors. KEY RESULTS Erenumab antagonised both the CGRP and AMY1 receptors with an ~20-120-fold preference for the CGRP receptor, depending on the cells, agonist, analytical approach and/or assay format. Erenumab antagonised both forms of CGRP equally, and appeared to act as a competitive reversible antagonist at both receptors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Despite being designed to target the CGRP receptor, erenumab can antagonise the AMY1 receptor. Its ability to antagonise CGRP activity at both receptors may be useful in better understanding the clinical profile of erenumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Garelja
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tyla I. Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Amy Bennie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mhairi Nimick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jakeb Petersen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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8
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Huo Y, Cheng C, Wang S, Li L, Rong Z, Su C, Li F, Li Y, Yang L. A novel endomorphin-2/salmon calcitonin hybrid peptide with enhancing anti-allodynic and anti-anxiety effects. Peptides 2023; 170:171108. [PMID: 37778465 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Pain, a worldwide problem with a high incidence and complex pathogenesis, has attracted the attention of pharmaceutical enterprises for the development of safer and more effective drugs. Extensive experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated the analgesic effects of two endogenous peptides: endomorphin-2 (EM-2) and salmon calcitonin (sCT). However, EM-2 has limitations, such as poor ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and little therapeutic effect in chronic pain due to rapid in vivo proteolysis. Herein, we propose the design of a novel hybrid peptide TEM2CT by combining EM-2, sCT16-21, and the cell-penetrating peptide HIV-1 trans-activator protein (TAT) with the aim of enhancing their analgesic effects. TEM2CT treatment attenuated nociceptive behavior in both acute and chronic pain mouse models, exhibiting increased anti-allodynic and anti-anxiety effects compared to sCT treatment. Furthermore, TEM2CT also regulated the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in spared nerve injury (SNI) model mice. The improved efficacy of this hybrid peptide provides a promising strategy for developing analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Huo
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China; Student Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiyan Cheng
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China; Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Liccardo F, Morstein J, Lin TY, Pampel J, Shokat KM, Irannejad R. Selective activation of intracellular β1AR using a spatially restricted antagonist. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.22.568314. [PMID: 38045405 PMCID: PMC10690298 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate several physiological and pathological processes and represent the target of approximately 30% of FDA-approved drugs. GPCR-mediated signaling was thought to occur exclusively at the plasma membrane. However, recent studies have unveiled their presence and function at subcellular membrane compartments. There is a growing interest in studying compartmentalized signaling of GPCRs. This requires development of novel tools to separate GPCRs signaling at the plasma membrane from the ones initiated at intracellular compartments. We took advantage of the structural and pharmacological information available for β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR), an exemplary GPCR that functions at subcellular compartments, and rationally designed spatially restricted antagonists. We generated a cell impermeable β1AR antagonist by conjugating a suitable pharmacophore to a sulfonate-containing fluorophore. This cell-impermeable antagonist only inhibited β1AR on the plasma membrane. In contrast, a cell permeable β1AR agonist containing a non-sulfonated fluorophore, efficiently inhibited both the plasma membrane and Golgi pools of β1ARs. Furthermore, the cell impermeable antagonist selectively inhibited the phosphorylation of downstream effectors of PKA proximal to the plasma membrane in adult cardiomyocytes while β1AR intracellular pool remained active. Our tools offer promising avenues for investigating compartmentalized β1AR signaling in various context, potentially advancing our understanding of β1AR-mediated cellular responses in health and disease. They also offer a general strategy to study compartmentalized signaling for other GPCRs in various biological systems.
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10
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Eiger DS, Hicks C, Gardner J, Pham U, Rajagopal S. Location bias: A "Hidden Variable" in GPCR pharmacology. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300123. [PMID: 37625014 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors and primarily signal through two main effector proteins: G proteins and β-arrestins. Many agonists of GPCRs promote "biased" responses, in which different cellular signaling pathways are activated with varying efficacies. The mechanisms underlying biased signaling have not been fully elucidated, with many potential "hidden variables" that regulate this behavior. One contributor is "location bias," which refers to the generation of unique signaling cascades from a given GPCR depending upon the cellular location at which the receptor is signaling. Here, we review evidence that GPCRs are expressed at and traffic to various subcellular locations and discuss how location bias can impact the pharmacologic properties and characterization of GPCR agonists. We also evaluate how differences in subcellular environments can modulate GPCR signaling, highlight the physiological significance of subcellular GPCR signaling, and discuss the therapeutic potential of exploiting GPCR location bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Scott Eiger
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chloe Hicks
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Wright SC, Motso A, Koutsilieri S, Beusch CM, Sabatier P, Berghella A, Blondel-Tepaz É, Mangenot K, Pittarokoilis I, Sismanoglou DC, Le Gouill C, Olsen JV, Zubarev RA, Lambert NA, Hauser AS, Bouvier M, Lauschke VM. GLP-1R signaling neighborhoods associate with the susceptibility to adverse drug reactions of incretin mimetics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6243. [PMID: 37813859 PMCID: PMC10562414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are important drug targets that engage and activate signaling transducers in multiple cellular compartments. Delineating therapeutic signaling from signaling associated with adverse events is an important step towards rational drug design. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a validated target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, but drugs that target this receptor are a frequent cause of adverse events. Using recently developed biosensors, we explored the ability of GLP-1R to activate 15 pathways in 4 cellular compartments and demonstrate that modifications aimed at improving the therapeutic potential of GLP-1R agonists greatly influence compound efficacy, potency, and safety in a pathway- and compartment-selective manner. These findings, together with comparative structure analysis, time-lapse microscopy, and phosphoproteomics, reveal unique signaling signatures for GLP-1R agonists at the level of receptor conformation, functional selectivity, and location bias, thus associating signaling neighborhoods with functionally distinct cellular outcomes and clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Aikaterini Motso
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian M Beusch
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - Élodie Blondel-Tepaz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kimberley Mangenot
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Rees TA, Labastida-Ramírez A, Rubio-Beltrán E. Calcitonin/PAC 1 receptor splice variants: a blind spot in migraine research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:651-663. [PMID: 37543479 PMCID: PMC10529278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their receptors are linked to migraine neurobiology. Recent antimigraine therapeutics targeting the signaling of these neuropeptides are effective; however, some patients respond suboptimally, indicating an incomplete understanding of migraine pathophysiology. The CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptors can be differentially spliced. It is known that receptor splice variants can have different pathophysiological effects in other receptor-mediated pain pathways. Despite considerable knowledge on the structural and pharmacological differences of the CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptor splice variants and their expression in migraine-relevant tissues, their role in migraine is rarely considered. Here we shine a spotlight on the calcitonin and PACAP (PAC1) receptor splice variants and examine what implications they may have for drug activity and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla A Rees
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Alejandro Labastida-Ramírez
- Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán
- Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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13
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Fu X, Wu Y, Wang R, Zhao M, Mao C, Shi S. Interplay between G protein-coupled receptors and nanotechnology. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:1-18. [PMID: 37517621 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of membrane receptors, actively modulate plasma membrane and endosomal signalling. Importantly, GPCRs are naturally nanosized, and spontaneously formed nanoaggregates of GPCRs (natural nano-GPCRs) may enhance GPCR-related signalling and functions. Although GPCRs are the molecular targets of the majority of marketed drugs, the poor pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of GPCR ligands greatly limit their clinical applicability. Nanotechnology, as versatile techniques, can encapsulate GPCR ligands to assemble synthetic nano-GPCRs to overcome their obstacles, robustly elevating drug efficacy and safety. Moreover, endosomal delivery of GPCR ligands by nanoparticles can precisely initiate sustained endosomal signal transduction, while nanotechnology has been widely utilized for isolation, diagnosis, and detection of GPCRs. In turn, due to overexpression of GPCRs on the surface of various types of cells, GPCR ligands can endow nanoparticles with active targeting capacity for specific cells via ligand-receptor binding and mediate receptor-dependent endocytosis of nanoparticles. This significantly enhances the potency of nanoparticle delivery systems. Therefore, emerging evidence has revealed the interplay between GPCRs and nanoparticles, although investigations into their relationship have been inadequate. This review aims to summarize the interaction between GPCRs and nanotechnology for understanding their mutual influences and utilizing their interplay for biomedical applications. It will provide a fundamental platform for developing powerful and safe GPCR-targeted drugs and nanoparticle systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: GPCRs as molecular targets for the majority of marketed drugs are naturally nanosized, and even spontaneously form nano aggregations (nano-GPCRs). Nanotechnology has also been applied to construct synthetic nano-GPCRs or detect GPCRs, while endosomal delivery of GPCR ligands by nanoparticles can magnify endosomal signalling. Meanwhile, molecular engineering of nanoparticles with GPCRs or their ligands can modulate membrane binding and endocytosis, powerfully improving the efficacy of nanoparticle system. However, there are rare summaries on the interaction between GPCRs and nanoparticles. This review will not only provide a versatile platform for utilizing nanoparticles to modulate or detect GPCRs, but also facilitate better understanding of the designated value of GPCRs for molecular engineering of biomaterials with GPCRs in therapeutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Canquan Mao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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14
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Daly C, Plouffe B. Gα q signalling from endosomes: A new conundrum. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37740273 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane receptors, and are involved in the transmission of a variety of extracellular stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, light and odorants into intracellular responses. They regulate every aspect of physiology and, for this reason, about one third of all marketed drugs target these receptors. Classically, upon binding to their agonist, GPCRs are thought to activate G-proteins from the plasma membrane and to stop signalling by subsequent desensitisation and endocytosis. However, accumulating evidence indicates that, upon internalisation, some GPCRs can continue to activate G-proteins in endosomes. Importantly, this signalling from endomembranes mediates alternative cellular responses other than signalling at the plasma membrane. Endosomal G-protein signalling and its physiological relevance have been abundantly documented for Gαs - and Gαi -coupled receptors. Recently, some Gαq -coupled receptors have been reported to activate Gαq on endosomes and mediate important cellular processes. However, several questions relative to the series of cellular events required to translate endosomal Gαq activation into cellular responses remain unanswered and constitute a new conundrum. How are these responses in endosomes mediated in the quasi absence of the substrate for the canonical Gαq -activated effector? Is there another effector? Is there another substrate? If so, how does this alternative endosomal effector or substrate produce a downstream signal? This review aims to unravel and discuss these important questions, and proposes possible routes of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Daly
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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15
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Labastida-Ramírez A, Caronna E, Gollion C, Stanyer E, Dapkute A, Braniste D, Naghshineh H, Meksa L, Chkhitunidze N, Gudadze T, Pozo-Rosich P, Burstein R, Hoffmann J. Mode and site of action of therapies targeting CGRP signaling. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:125. [PMID: 37691118 PMCID: PMC10494408 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting CGRP has proved to be efficacious, tolerable, and safe to treat migraine; however, many patients with migraine do not benefit from drugs that antagonize the CGRPergic system. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the general pharmacology of the different types of treatments currently available, which target directly or indirectly the CGRP receptor or its ligand. Moreover, the latest evidence regarding the selectivity and site of action of CGRP small molecule antagonists (gepants) and monoclonal antibodies is critically discussed. Finally, the reasons behind non-responders to anti-CGRP drugs and rationale for combining and/or switching between these therapies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Labastida-Ramírez
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Edoardo Caronna
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Universitary Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cédric Gollion
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emily Stanyer
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Diana Braniste
- Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Diomid Gherman, Chișinău, Moldova
- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemițanu, Moldova
| | - Hoda Naghshineh
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Liga Meksa
- Headache Unit, Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Riga East University Hospital Gailezers, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Tamari Gudadze
- Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna, Unna, Germany
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron Universitary Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rami Burstein
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Life Science, Room 649, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility/SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological disorders. Current research suggests that sEVs play a pivotal role in the pathological progression of pain, emphasizing their critical function in the pathological progression of pain in acute and chronic pain models. By facilitating the transfer of diverse molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, sEVs can modulate pain signaling transmission in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, the unique molecules conveyed by sEVs in pain disorders indicate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. The application of sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative pain medicine has emerged as a promising strategy for pain management. Moreover, modified sEVs have garnered considerable attention in the investigation of pathological processes and therapeutic interventions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the involvement of sEVs in pain pathogenesis and treatment. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to facilitate their clinical implementation. Schematic diagram of sEVs in the biogenesis, signal transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of pain disorders. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are secreted by multiple cells, loading with various biomolecules, such as miRNAs, transmembrane proteins, and amino acids. They selectively target other cells and regulating pain signal transmission. The composition of sEVs can serve as valuable biomarkers for pain diagnosis. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell-derived sEVs have shown promise as regenerative medicine for managing multiple pain disorders. Furthermore, by modifying the structure or contents of sEVs, they could potentially be used as a potent analgesic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Cummins MC, Tripathy A, Sondek J, Kuhlman B. De novo design of stable proteins that efficaciously inhibit oncogenic G proteins. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4713. [PMID: 37368504 PMCID: PMC10360382 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Many protein therapeutics are competitive inhibitors that function by binding to endogenous proteins and preventing them from interacting with native partners. One effective strategy for engineering competitive inhibitors is to graft structural motifs from a native partner into a host protein. Here, we develop and experimentally test a computational protocol for embedding binding motifs in de novo designed proteins. The protocol uses an "inside-out" approach: Starting with a structural model of the binding motif docked against the target protein, the de novo protein is built by growing new structural elements off the termini of the binding motif. During backbone assembly, a score function favors backbones that introduce new tertiary contacts within the designed protein and do not introduce clashes with the target binding partner. Final sequences are designed and optimized using the molecular modeling program Rosetta. To test our protocol, we designed small helical proteins to inhibit the interaction between Gαq and its effector PLC-β isozymes. Several of the designed proteins remain folded above 90°C and bind to Gαq with equilibrium dissociation constants tighter than 80 nM. In cellular assays with oncogenic variants of Gαq , the designed proteins inhibit activation of PLC-β isozymes and Dbl-family RhoGEFs. Our results demonstrate that computational protein design, in combination with motif grafting, can be used to directly generate potent inhibitors without further optimization via high throughput screening or selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Cummins
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John Sondek
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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18
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Chen K, Zhang C, Lin S, Yan X, Cai H, Yi C, Ma L, Chu X, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Han S, Zhao Q, Wu B. Tail engagement of arrestin at the glucagon receptor. Nature 2023; 620:904-910. [PMID: 37558880 PMCID: PMC10447241 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Arrestins have pivotal roles in regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling by desensitizing G protein activation and mediating receptor internalization1,2. It has been proposed that the arrestin binds to the receptor in two different conformations, 'tail' and 'core', which were suggested to govern distinct processes of receptor signalling and trafficking3,4. However, little structural information is available for the tail engagement of the arrestins. Here we report two structures of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) bound to β-arrestin 1 (βarr1) in glucagon-bound and ligand-free states. These structures reveal a receptor tail-engaged binding mode of βarr1 with many unique features, to our knowledge, not previously observed. Helix VIII, instead of the receptor core, has a major role in accommodating βarr1 by forming extensive interactions with the central crest of βarr1. The tail-binding pose is further defined by a close proximity between the βarr1 C-edge and the receptor helical bundle, and stabilized by a phosphoinositide derivative that bridges βarr1 with helices I and VIII of GCGR. Lacking any contact with the arrestin, the receptor core is in an inactive state and loosely binds to glucagon. Further functional studies suggest that the tail conformation of GCGR-βarr governs βarr recruitment at the plasma membrane and endocytosis of GCGR, and provides a molecular basis for the receptor forming a super-complex simultaneously with G protein and βarr to promote sustained signalling within endosomes. These findings extend our knowledge about the arrestin-mediated modulation of GPCR functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiying Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China.
| | - Beili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Tu NH, Inoue K, Lewis PK, Khan A, Hwang JH, Chokshi V, Dabovic BB, Selvaraj S, Bhattacharya A, Dubeykovskaya Z, Pinkerton NM, Bunnett NW, Loomis CA, Albertson DG, Schmidt BL. Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha Mediates Oral Cancer Pain. Cells 2023; 12:1675. [PMID: 37443709 PMCID: PMC10341289 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer patients suffer pain at the site of the cancer. Calcitonin gene related polypeptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide expressed by a subset of primary afferent neurons, promotes oral cancer growth. CGRP also mediates trigeminal pain (migraine) and neurogenic inflammation. The contribution of CGRP to oral cancer pain is investigated in the present study. The findings demonstrate that CGRP-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons and neurites innervate orthotopic oral cancer xenograft tumors in mice. Cancer increases anterograde transport of CGRP in axons innervating the tumor, supporting neurogenic secretion as the source of CGRP in the oral cancer microenvironment. CGRP antagonism reverses oral cancer nociception in preclinical oral cancer pain models. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is used to identify cell types in the cancer microenvironment expressing the CGRP receptor components, receptor activity modifying protein 1 Ramp1 and calcitonin receptor like receptor (CLR, encoded by Calcrl). Ramp1 and Calcrl transcripts are detected in cells expressing marker genes for Schwann cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and immune cells. Ramp1 and Calcrl transcripts are more frequently detected in cells expressing fibroblast and immune cell markers. This work identifies CGRP as mediator of oral cancer pain and suggests the antagonism of CGRP to alleviate oral cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huu Tu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Kenji Inoue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Parker K. Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY 10010, USA; (P.K.L.); (N.M.P.)
| | - Ammar Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Jun Hyeong Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Varun Chokshi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Branka Brukner Dabovic
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10010, USA; (B.B.D.); (S.S.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Shanmugapriya Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10010, USA; (B.B.D.); (S.S.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Aditi Bhattacharya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zinaida Dubeykovskaya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
| | - Nathalie M. Pinkerton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY 10010, USA; (P.K.L.); (N.M.P.)
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Loomis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10010, USA; (B.B.D.); (S.S.); (C.A.L.)
| | - Donna G. Albertson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (N.H.T.); (K.I.); (A.K.); (J.H.H.); (V.C.); (A.B.); (Z.D.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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20
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Tonello R, Anderson WB, Davidson S, Escriou V, Yang L, Schmidt BL, Imlach WL, Bunnett NW. The contribution of endocytosis to sensitization of nociceptors and synaptic transmission in nociceptive circuits. Pain 2023; 164:1355-1374. [PMID: 36378744 PMCID: PMC10182228 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain involves sensitization of nociceptors and synaptic transmission of painful signals in nociceptive circuits in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We investigated the contribution of clathrin-dependent endocytosis to sensitization of nociceptors by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and to synaptic transmission in spinal nociceptive circuits. We determined whether therapeutic targeting of endocytosis could ameliorate pain. mRNA encoding dynamin (Dnm) 1 to 3 and adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1), which mediate clathrin-dependent endocytosis, were localized to primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia of mouse and human and to spinal neurons in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord by RNAScope. When injected intrathecally to mice, Dnm and AAK1 siRNA or shRNA knocked down Dnm and AAK1 mRNA in dorsal root ganglia neurons, reversed mechanical and thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia, and normalized nonevoked behavior in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Intrathecally administered inhibitors of clathrin, Dnm, and AAK1 also reversed allodynia and hyperalgesia. Disruption of clathrin, Dnm, and AAK1 did not affect normal motor functions of behaviors. Patch clamp recordings of dorsal horn neurons revealed that Dnm1 and AAK1 disruption inhibited synaptic transmission between primary sensory neurons and neurons in lamina I/II of the spinal cord dorsal horn by suppressing release of synaptic vesicles from presynaptic primary afferent neurons. Patch clamp recordings from dorsal root ganglion nociceptors indicated that Dnm siRNA prevented sustained GPCR-mediated sensitization of nociceptors. By disrupting synaptic transmission in the spinal cord and blunting sensitization of nociceptors, endocytosis inhibitors offer a therapeutic approach for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tonello
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Pain Research Center, New York University
| | - Wayne B. Anderson
- Department of Physiology and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Lei Yang
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Pain Research Center, New York University
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Wendy L. Imlach
- Department of Physiology and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Pain Research Center, New York University
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21
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Hegron A, Peach CJ, Tonello R, Seemann P, Teng S, Latorre R, Huebner H, Weikert D, Rientjes J, Veldhuis NA, Poole DP, Jensen DD, Thomsen ARB, Schmidt BL, Imlach WL, Gmeiner P, Bunnett NW. Therapeutic antagonism of the neurokinin 1 receptor in endosomes provides sustained pain relief. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220979120. [PMID: 37216510 PMCID: PMC10235985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220979120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that sustained G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling from endosomes mediates pain is based on studies with endocytosis inhibitors and lipid-conjugated or nanoparticle-encapsulated antagonists targeted to endosomes. GPCR antagonists that reverse sustained endosomal signaling and nociception are needed. However, the criteria for rational design of such compounds are ill-defined. Moreover, the role of natural GPCR variants, which exhibit aberrant signaling and endosomal trafficking, in maintaining pain is unknown. Herein, substance P (SP) was found to evoke clathrin-mediated assembly of endosomal signaling complexes comprising neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), Gαq/i, and βarrestin-2. Whereas the FDA-approved NK1R antagonist aprepitant induced a transient disruption of endosomal signals, analogs of netupitant designed to penetrate membranes and persist in acidic endosomes through altered lipophilicity and pKa caused sustained inhibition of endosomal signals. When injected intrathecally to target spinal NK1R+ve neurons in knockin mice expressing human NK1R, aprepitant transiently inhibited nociceptive responses to intraplantar injection of capsaicin. Conversely, netupitant analogs had more potent, efficacious, and sustained antinociceptive effects. Mice expressing C-terminally truncated human NK1R, corresponding to a natural variant with aberrant signaling and trafficking, displayed attenuated SP-evoked excitation of spinal neurons and blunted nociceptive responses to SP. Thus, sustained antagonism of the NK1R in endosomes correlates with long-lasting antinociception, and domains within the C-terminus of the NK1R are necessary for the full pronociceptive actions of SP. The results support the hypothesis that endosomal signaling of GPCRs mediates nociception and provides insight into strategies for antagonizing GPCRs in intracellular locations for the treatment of diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hegron
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Chloe J. Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Philipp Seemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Harald Huebner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeanette Rientjes
- Gene Modification Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Daniel P. Poole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Dane D. Jensen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Alex R. B. Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- NYU Dentistry Translational Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
| | - Wendy L. Imlach
- Department of Physiology and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY10010
- Pain Research Center, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY10010
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22
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Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have revealed the utility of circulating AM (adrenomedullin) or MR-proAM (mid-regional proAM 45-92) as an effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for a variety of cardiovascular-related pathophysiologies. Thus, there is strong supporting evidence encouraging the exploration of the AM-CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) signaling pathway as a therapeutic target. This is further bolstered because several drugs targeting the shared CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide)-CLR pathway are already Food and Drug Administration-approved and on the market for the treatment of migraine. In this review, we summarize the AM-CLR signaling pathway and its modulatory mechanisms and provide an overview of the current understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of AM-CLR signaling and the yet untapped potentials of AM as a biomarker or therapeutic target in cardiac and vascular diseases and provide an outlook on the recently emerged strategies that may provide further boost to the possible clinical applications of AM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Bálint
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
| | - Nathan Nelson-Maney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
| | - Yanna Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
| | - D. Stephen Serafin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
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23
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Luo L, Qi W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo L, Wang M, Wang HB, Yu LC. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor plays important role in nociceptive regulation in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus of rats with inflammatory pain. Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114351. [PMID: 36804439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study has explored the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor in inflammatory pain modulation in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC). Our study demonstrated that intra-ARC injection of CGRP induced antinociceptive effects to naïve rats and rats with inflammatory pain, the effect could be inhibited by the selective CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. Interestingly, the CGRP-induced antinociception effect was decreased in rats with inflammatory pain compared to naïve rats. Similarly, we found that calcitonin receptor like receptor (CLR), a main component of CGRP receptor, had a low decreased expression levels in the ARC regions of rats with inflammatory pain. The CGRP-induced antinociceptive effect was significantly impaired after reducing CLR expression by intra-ARC administration of CLR targeted siRNA. These findings demonstrated that CGRP might play a crucial role in nociceptive modulation in the ARC during inflammatory pain, which was mediated by CGRP receptor in the ARC. This study shed light upon CGRP and its receptor interaction might be valuable strategies for the alleviation of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laixi Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Wentao Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Li Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Milin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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24
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Abstract
The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have emerged as mediators of migraine pathogenesis. Both are vasodilatory peptides that can cause migraine-like attacks when infused into people and migraine-like symptoms when injected into rodents. In this narrative review, we compare the similarities and differences between the peptides in both their clinical and preclinical migraine actions. A notable clinical difference is that PACAP, but not CGRP, causes premonitory-like symptoms in patients. Both peptides are found in distinct, but overlapping areas relevant to migraine, most notably with the prevalence of CGRP in trigeminal ganglia and PACAP in sphenopalatine ganglia. In rodents, the two peptides share activities, including vasodilation, neurogenic inflammation, and nociception. Most strikingly, CGRP and PACAP cause similar migraine-like symptoms in rodents that are manifested as light aversion and tactile allodynia. Yet, the peptides appear to act by independent mechanisms possibly by distinct intracellular signaling pathways. The complexity of these signaling pathways is magnified by the existence of multiple CGRP and PACAP receptors that may contribute to migraine pathogenesis. Based on these differences, we suggest PACAP and its receptors provide a rich set of targets to complement and augment the current CGRP-based migraine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisa Kuburas
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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25
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Cummins MC, Tripathy A, Sondek J, Kuhlman B. De novo design of stable proteins that efficaciously inhibit oncogenic G proteins. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.28.534629. [PMID: 37034763 PMCID: PMC10081213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Many protein therapeutics are competitive inhibitors that function by binding to endogenous proteins and preventing them from interacting with native partners. One effective strategy for engineering competitive inhibitors is to graft structural motifs from a native partner into a host protein. Here, we develop and experimentally test a computational protocol for embedding binding motifs in de novo designed proteins. The protocol uses an "inside-out" approach: Starting with a structural model of the binding motif docked against the target protein, the de novo protein is built by growing new structural elements off the termini of the binding motif. During backbone assembly, a score function favors backbones that introduce new tertiary contacts within the designed protein and do not introduce clashes with the target binding partner. Final sequences are designed and optimized using the molecular modeling program Rosetta. To test our protocol, we designed small helical proteins to inhibit the interaction between Gα q and its effector PLC-β isozymes. Several of the designed proteins remain folded above 90°C and bind to Gα q with equilibrium dissociation constants tighter than 80 nM. In cellular assays with oncogenic variants of Gα q , the designed proteins inhibit activation of PLC-β isozymes and Dbl-family RhoGEFs. Our results demonstrate that computational protein design, in combination with motif grafting, can be used to directly generate potent inhibitors without further optimization via high throughput screening or selection. statement for broader audience Engineered proteins that bind to specific target proteins are useful as research reagents, diagnostics, and therapeutics. We used computational protein design to engineer de novo proteins that bind and competitively inhibit the G protein, Gα q , which is an oncogene for uveal melanomas. This computational method is a general approach that should be useful for designing competitive inhibitors against other proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Cummins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Sondek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Schiano di Cola F, Bolchini M, Ceccardi G, Caratozzolo S, Liberini P, Rao R, Padovani A. An observational study on monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-gene-related peptide and its receptor. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1764-1773. [PMID: 36856538 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Based on their pharmacological target, two classes of calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been identified: antibodies against the CGRP ligand-galcanezumab, fremanezumab, eptinezumab-and antibodies against the CGRP receptor (CGRP-R), erenumab. The aim of the present study was to compare anti-CGRP versus anti-CGRP-R mAbs in patients with high frequency episodic and chronic migraine. METHODS All patients on monthly treatment with anti-CGRP mAbs with an available 6 months' follow-up at January 2022 were included. Data on efficacy outcome were collected following one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) months of treatment, and included monthly headache/migraine days, the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT-6) scores, pain intensity, analgesics consumption and response rates (>50% headache days reduction compared to baseline). RESULTS In all, 152 patients were enrolled, of whom 68 were in treatment with anti-CGRP mAbs (49 galcanezumab, 19 fremanezumab) and 84 with the anti-CGRP-R (erenumab). MIDAS scores were significantly lower in the anti-CGRP group at T1 and T3 (respectively p < 0.02 and p < 0.03) as well as the number of mean migraine days at T3 (p < 0.01). At T3 and T6 outcome measures were comparable, although a significantly higher percentage of super-responders was found in the anti-CGRP group (respectively p < 0.04 and p < 0.05), with a similar overall percentage of responders. CONCLUSIONS The present study on a real-world sample confirms the beneficial effect of both anti-CGRP and anti-CGRP-R mAbs, with a more favorable outcome for anti-CGRP antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Schiano di Cola
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Bolchini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceccardi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caratozzolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Liberini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Renata Rao
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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28
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Pizzoni A, Zhang X, Naim N, Altschuler DL. Soluble cyclase-mediated nuclear cAMP synthesis is sufficient for cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208749120. [PMID: 36656863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208749120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP, a key player in many physiological processes, was classically considered to originate solely from the plasma membrane (PM). This view was recently challenged by observations showing that upon internalization GsPCRs can sustain signaling from endosomes and/or the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In this new view, after the first PM-generated cAMP wave, the internalization of GsPCRs and ACs generates a second wave that was strictly associated with nuclear transcriptional events responsible for triggering specific biological responses. Here, we report that the endogenously expressed TSHR, a canonical GsPCR, triggers an internalization-dependent, calcium-mediated nuclear sAC activation that drives PKA activation and CREB phosphorylation. Both pharmacological and genetic sAC inhibition, which did not affect the cytosolic cAMP levels, blunted nuclear cAMP accumulation, PKA activation, and cell proliferation, while an increase in nuclear sAC expression significantly enhanced cell proliferation. Furthermore, using novel nuclear-targeted optogenetic actuators, we show that light-stimulated nuclear cAMP synthesis can mimic the proliferative action of TSH by activating PKA and CREB. Therefore, based on our results, we propose a novel three-wave model in which the "third" wave of cAMP is generated by nuclear sAC. Despite being downstream of events occurring at the PM (first wave) and endosomes/TGN (second wave), the nuclear sAC-generated cAMP (third wave) is sufficient and rate-limiting for thyroid cell proliferation.
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29
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Fila M, Chojnacki J, Sobczuk P, Chojnacki C, Blasiak J. Nutrition and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Migraine. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36678160 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor by antibodies and antagonists was a breakthrough in migraine prevention and treatment. However, not all migraine patients respond to CGRP-based therapy and a fraction of those who respond complain of aliments mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, CGRP and migraine are associated with obesity and metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Therefore, CGRP may play an important role in the functioning of the gut-brain-microflora axis. CGRP secretion may be modulated by dietary compounds associated with the disruption of calcium signaling and upregulation of mitogen-activated kinase phosphatases 1 and 3. CGRP may display anorexigenic properties through induction of anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as cholecystokinin and/or inhibit orexigenic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y and melanin-concentrating hormone CH, resulting in the suppression of food intake, functionally coupled to the activation of the hypothalamic 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The anorexigenic action of CGRP observed in animal studies may reflect its general potential to control appetite/satiety or general food intake. Therefore, dietary nutrients may modulate CGRP, and CGRP may modulate their intake. Therefore, anti-CGRP therapy should consider this mutual dependence to increase the efficacy of the therapy and reduce its unwanted side effects. This narrative review presents information on molecular aspects of the interaction between dietary nutrients and CGRP and their reported and prospective use to improve anti-CGRP therapy in migraine.
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30
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Reducha PV, Bömers JP, Edvinsson L, Haanes KA. Rodent behavior following a dural inflammation model with anti-CGRP migraine medication treatment. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1082176. [PMID: 36908624 PMCID: PMC9995475 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1082176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a widespread and prevalent disease with a complex pathophysiology, of which neuroinflammation and increased pain sensitivity have been suggested to be involved. Various studies have investigated the presence of different inflammatory markers in migraineurs and investigated the role of inflammation in inflammatory models with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or inflammatory soup added to the dura mater. Objective The aim of the current study was to examine whether application of CFA to the dura mater would cause behavioral alterations that are migraine relevant. In addition, we investigated the potential mitigating effects of fremanezumab, a CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) specific antibody, following CFA application. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: fresh (n = 7), fresh + carprofen (n = 6), fresh + anti-CGRP (n = 6), sham (n = 7), CFA (n = 16), CFA + anti-CGRP (n = 8). CFA was applied for 15 min on a 3 × 3 mm clearing of the skull exposing the dura mater of male Sprague-Dawley rats. We applied the Light/Dark box and Open Field test, combined with the electronic von Frey test to evaluate outcomes. Finally, we observed CGRP immunoreactivity in the trigeminal ganglion. Results No differences were observed in the Light/Dark box test. The Open Field test detected behavior differences, notably that sham rats spend less time in the central zone, reared less and groomed more than fresh + carprofen rats. The other groups were not significantly different compared to sham rats, indicating that activation of the TGVS is present in sham surgery and cannot be exacerbated by CFA. However, for the allodynia, we observed specific periorbital sensitization, not observed in the sham animals. This could not be mitigated by fremanezumab, although it clearly reduced the amount of CGRP positive fibers. Conclusion CFA surgically administered to the dura causes periorbital allodynia and increases CGRP positive fibers in the trigeminal ganglion. Fremanezumab does not reduce periorbital allodynia even though it reduces CGRP positive fibers in the TG. Further work is needed to investigate whether CFA administered to the dura could be used as a non-CGRP inflammatory migraine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip V Reducha
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper P Bömers
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Kotliar IB, Lorenzen E, Schwenk JM, Hay DL, Sakmar TP. Elucidating the Interactome of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1-34. [PMID: 36757898 PMCID: PMC9832379 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to interact with several other classes of integral membrane proteins that modulate their biology and pharmacology. However, the extent of these interactions and the mechanisms of their effects are not well understood. For example, one class of GPCR-interacting proteins, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), comprise three related and ubiquitously expressed single-transmembrane span proteins. The RAMP family was discovered more than two decades ago, and since then GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences on receptor trafficking and ligand selectivity have been documented for several secretin (class B) GPCRs, most notably the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Recent bioinformatics and multiplexed experimental studies suggest that GPCR-RAMP interactions might be much more widespread than previously anticipated. Recently, cryo-electron microscopy has provided high-resolution structures of GPCR-RAMP-ligand complexes, and drugs have been developed that target GPCR-RAMP complexes. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in techniques that allow the discovery of GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences and highlight prospects for future advances. We also provide an up-to-date list of reported GPCR-RAMP interactions based on a review of the current literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have emerged as modulators of many aspects of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)biology and pharmacology. The application of new methodologies to study membrane protein-protein interactions suggests that RAMPs interact with many more GPCRs than had been previously known. These findings, especially when combined with structural studies of membrane protein complexes, have significant implications for advancing GPCR-targeted drug discovery and the understanding of GPCR pharmacology, biology, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
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32
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Guo S, Jansen-Olesen I, Olesen J, Christensen SL. Role of PACAP in migraine: An alternative to CGRP? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105946. [PMID: 36481434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a widespread and debilitating neurological condition affecting more than a billion people worldwide. Thus, more effective migraine therapies are highly needed. In the last decade, two endogenous neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), were identified to be implicated in migraine. Recently, introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking the CGRP is the most important advance in migraine therapy for decades. However, 40% of patients are unresponsive to these new drugs. We believe that PACAP may be involved in these patients. Like CGRP, PACAP is located to sensory nerve fibers, it dilates cranial arteries, it causes migraine when infused into patients and it is a peptide that lends itself to antibody therapy. Also, recent studies suggest that the PACAP pathway is independent of the CGRP pathway. Understanding the signaling pathways of PACAP may therefore lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets of particular interest in patients unresponsive to anti-CGRP therapy. Accordingly, neutralizing mAb to PACAP is currently in clinical phase II development. The aim of the present review is, therefore, to give a thorough account of the existing data on PACAP, its receptors and its relation to migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Jansen-Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Louise Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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33
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Pérez MJ, Carden TR, Dos Santos Claro PA, Silberstein S, Páez PM, Cheli VT, Correale J, Pasquini JM. Transferrin Enhances Neuronal Differentiation. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231170703. [PMID: 37093743 PMCID: PMC10134178 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231170703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transferrin (Tf) is a glycoprotein best known for its role in iron delivery, iron-independent functions have also been reported. Here, we assessed apoTf (aTf) treatment effects on Neuro-2a (N2a) cells, a mouse neuroblastoma cell line which, once differentiated, shares many properties with neurons, including process outgrowth, expression of selective neuronal markers, and electrical activity. We first examined the binding of Tf to its receptor (TfR) in our model and verified that, like neurons, N2a cells can internalize Tf from the culture medium. Next, studies on neuronal developmental parameters showed that Tf increases N2a survival through a decrease in apoptosis. Additionally, Tf accelerated the morphological development of N2a cells by promoting neurite outgrowth. These pro-differentiating effects were also observed in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons treated with aTf, as neurons matured at a higher rate than controls and showed a decrease in the expression of early neuronal markers. Further experiments in iron-enriched and iron-deficient media showed that Tf preserved its pro-differentiation properties in N2a cells, with results hinting at a modulatory role for iron. Moreover, N2a-microglia co-cultures revealed an increase in IL-10 upon aTf treatment, which may be thought to favor N2a differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Tf reduces cell death and favors the neuronal differentiation process, thus making Tf a promising candidate to be used in regenerative strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas Roberto Carden
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ayelen Dos Santos Claro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBIoBA), CONICET-Partner Institute of The Max Plank Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBIoBA), CONICET-Partner Institute of The Max Plank Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Páez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Veronica Teresita Cheli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jorge Correale
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juana M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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34
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Lam T, Mastos C, Sloan EK, Halls ML. Pathological changes in GPCR signal organisation: Opportunities for targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108331. [PMID: 36513135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the poorest prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes, due to a historical lack of targeted therapies and high rates of relapse. Greater insight into the components of signalling pathways in TNBC tumour cells has led to the clinical evaluation, and in some cases approval, of targeted therapies. In the last decade, G protein-coupled receptors, such as the β2-adrenoceptor, have emerged as potential new therapeutic targets. Here, we describe how the β2-adrenoceptor accelerates TNBC progression in response to stress, and the unique signalling pathway activated by the β2-adrenoceptor to drive the invasion of an aggressive TNBC tumour cell. We highlight evidence that supports an altered organisation of GPCRs in tumour cells, and suggests that activation of the same GPCR in a different cellular location can control unique cell responses. Finally, we speculate how the relocation of GPCRs to the "wrong" place in tumour cells presents opportunities to develop targeted anti-cancer GPCR drugs with greater efficacy and minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Chantel Mastos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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35
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Alexander TI, Tasma Z, Siow A, Rees TA, Brimble MA, Harris PWR, Hay DL, Walker CS. Novel Fluorescently Labeled PACAP and VIP Highlight Differences between Peptide Internalization and Receptor Pharmacology. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 6:52-64. [PMID: 36654758 PMCID: PMC9841777 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The related peptides pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have diverse biological functions in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Therefore, these peptides and their three receptors represent potential drug targets for several conditions, including neurological and pain-related disorders. However, very little is known about how these peptides regulate their receptors through processes such as internalization. Therefore, we developed tools to study receptor regulation through the synthesis of fluorescently labeled analogues of PACAP-38, PACAP-27, and VIP using copper-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the Cy5 fluorophore. The functionality of Cy5-labeled peptides at their receptors was confirmed in cAMP accumulation assays. Internalization of the Cy5-labeled peptides was then examined and quantified at two distinct PAC1 receptor splice variants, VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors in transfected cells. All labeled peptides were functional, exhibiting comparable cAMP pharmacology to their unlabeled counterparts and underwent internalization in a time-dependent manner. Temporal differences in the internalization profiles were observed between Cy5-labeled peptides at the PAC1n, PAC1s, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptors. Interestingly, the pattern of Cy5-labeled peptide activity differed for cAMP accumulation and internalization, indicating that these peptides differentially stimulate cAMP accumulation and internalization and therefore display biased agonism. This novel insight into PACAP-responsive receptor signaling and internalization may provide a unique avenue for future therapeutic development. The fluorescently labeled PACAP and VIP peptides described herein, which we validated as tools to study receptor internalization, will have utility across a broad range of applications and provide greater insight into this receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyla I. Alexander
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University
of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand,Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Tasma
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Siow
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tayla A. Rees
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University
of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand,Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand,
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36
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Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent neurovascular disorder afflicting more than 15% of the global population. Nearly three times more females are afflicted by migraine in the 18-50 years age group, compared to males. Migraine attacks are most often sporadic, but a subgroup of individuals experience a gradual increase in frequency over time; among these, up to 1%-2% of the global population develop chronic migraine. Although migraine symptoms have been known for centuries, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Two theories have dominated the current thinking-a neurovascular theory and a central neuronal theory with the origin of the attacks in the hypothalamus. During the last decades, the understanding of migraine has markedly advanced. This is supported by the early seminal demonstration of the trigeminovascular reflex 35 years ago and the insight that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key molecule released in acute migraine attacks. The more recent findings that gepants, small molecule CGRP receptor blockers, and monoclonal antibodies generated against CGRP, or its canonical receptor are useful for the treatment of migraine, are other important issues. CGRP has been established as a key molecule in the neurobiology of migraine. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies to CGRP or the CGRP receptor represent a breakthrough in the understanding of migraine pathophysiology and have emerged as an efficacious prophylactic treatment for patients with severe migraine with excellent tolerability. This review describes the progression of research to reach the clinical usefulness of a large group of molecules that have in common the interaction with CGRP mechanisms in the trigeminal system to alleviate the burden for individuals afflicted by migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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37
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Fasciani I, Carli M, Petragnano F, Colaianni F, Aloisi G, Maggio R, Scarselli M, Rossi M. GPCRs in Intracellular Compartments: New Targets for Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1343. [PMID: 36291552 PMCID: PMC9599219 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The architecture of eukaryotic cells is defined by extensive membrane-delimited compartments, which entails separate metabolic processes that would otherwise interfere with each other, leading to functional differences between cells. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors, and their signal transduction is traditionally viewed as a chain of events initiated from the plasma membrane. Furthermore, their intracellular trafficking, internalization, and recycling were considered only to regulate receptor desensitization and cell surface expression. On the contrary, accumulating data strongly suggest that GPCRs also signal from intracellular compartments. GPCRs localize in the membranes of endosomes, nucleus, Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum apparatuses, mitochondria, and cell division compartments. Importantly, from these sites they have shown to orchestrate multiple signals that regulate different cell pathways. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of this fascinating phenomenon, explaining how GPCRs reach the intracellular sites, are stimulated by the endogenous ligands, and their potential physiological/pathophysiological roles. Finally, we illustrate several mechanisms involved in the modulation of the compartmentalized GPCR signaling by drugs and endogenous ligands. Understanding how GPCR signaling compartmentalization is regulated will provide a unique opportunity to develop novel pharmaceutical approaches to target GPCRs and potentially lead the way towards new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Colaianni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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38
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Peña KA. Endosomal parathyroid hormone receptor signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C783-C790. [PMID: 35912987 PMCID: PMC9467467 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00452.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The canonical model for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activation assumes that stimulation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling upon ligand binding occurs solely at the cell surface and that duration of the stimulation is transient to prevent overstimulation. In this model, GPCR signaling is turned-off by receptor phosphorylation via GPCR kinases (GRKs) and subsequent recruitment of β-arrestins, resulting in receptor internalization into endosomes. Internalized receptors can then recycle back to the cell surface or be trafficked to lysosomes for degradation. However, over the last decade, this model has been extended by discovering that some internalized GPCRs continue to signal via G proteins from endosomes. This is the case for the parathyroid hormone (PTH) type 1 receptor (PTHR), which engages on sustained cAMP signaling from endosomes upon PTH stimulation. Accumulative evidence shows that the location of signaling has an impact on the physiological effects of GPCR signaling. This mini-review discusses recent insights into the mechanisms of PTHR endosomal signaling and its physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Peña
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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39
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Reducha PV, Edvinsson L, Haanes KA. Could Experimental Inflammation Provide Better Understanding of Migraines? Cells 2022; 11:cells11152444. [PMID: 35954288 PMCID: PMC9368653 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraines constitute a common neurological and headache disorder affecting around 15% of the world’s population. In addition to other mechanisms, neurogenic neuroinflammation has been proposed to play a part in migraine chronification, which includes peripheral and central sensitization. There is therefore considerable evidence suggesting that inflammation in the intracranial meninges could be a key element in addition to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), leading to sensitization of trigeminal meningeal nociceptors in migraines. There are several studies that have utilized this approach, with a strong focus on using inflammatory animal models. Data from these studies show that the inflammatory process involves sensitization of trigeminovascular afferent nerve terminals. Further, by applying a wide range of different pharmacological interventions, insight has been gained on the pathways involved. Importantly, we discuss how animal models should be used with care and that it is important to evaluate outcomes in the light of migraine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Victor Reducha
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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40
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Latorre R, Ramírez-Garcia PD, Hegron A, Grace JL, Retamal JS, Shenoy P, Tran M, Aurelio L, Flynn B, Poole DP, Klein-Cloud R, Jensen DD, Davis TP, Schmidt BL, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Veldhuis NA, Bunnett NW. Sustained endosomal release of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist from nanostars provides long-lasting relief of chronic pain. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121536. [PMID: 35533442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soft polymer nanoparticles designed to disassemble and release an antagonist of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in endosomes provide efficacious yet transient relief from chronic pain. These micellar nanoparticles are unstable and rapidly release cargo, which may limit the duration of analgesia. We examined the efficacy of stable star polymer nanostars containing the NK1R antagonist aprepitant-amine for the treatment of chronic pain in mice. Nanostars continually released cargo for 24 h, trafficked through the endosomal system, and disrupted NK1R endosomal signaling. After intrathecal injection, nanostars accumulated in endosomes of spinal neurons. Nanostar-aprepitant reversed mechanical, thermal and cold allodynia and normalized nociceptive behavior more efficaciously than free aprepitant in preclinical models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Analgesia was maintained for >10 h. The sustained endosomal delivery of antagonists from slow-release nanostars provides effective and long-lasting reversal of chronic pain.
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41
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Li J, Remington JM, Liao C, Parsons RL, Schneebeli S, Braas KM, May V, Brewer M. GPCR Intracellular Loop Regulation of Beta-Arrestin-Mediated Endosomal Signaling Dynamics. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1358-1373. [PMID: 35538393 PMCID: PMC9311399 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently appreciated to be routed to diverse cellular platforms to generate both G protein-dependent and -independent signals. The latter has been best studied with respect to β-arrestin-associated receptor internalization and trafficking to signaling endosomes for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. However, how GPCR structural and conformational variants regulate endosomal ERK signaling dynamics, which can be central in neural development, plasticity, and disease processes, is not well understood. Among class B GPCRs, the PACAP-selective PAC1 receptor is unique in the expression of variants that can contain intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) cassette inserts. The nervous system expresses preferentially the PAC1Null (no insert) and PAC1Hop (28-amino acid Hop insert) receptor variants. Our molecular modeling and signaling studies revealed that the PAC1Null and PAC1Hop receptor variants can associate with β-arrestin differentially, resulting in enhanced receptor internalization and ERK activation for the PAC1Hop variant. The study amplifies our understandings of GPCR intracellular loop structure/function relationships with the first example of how the duration of endosomal ERK activation can be guided by ICL3. The results provide a framework for how changes in GPCR variant expression can impact developmental and homeostatic processes and may be contributory to maladaptive neuroplasticity underlying chronic pain and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jacob M Remington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rodney L Parsons
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Severin Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Karen M Braas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Victor May
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Matthias Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Jiménez-Vargas NN, Yu Y, Jensen DD, Bok DD, Wisdom M, Latorre R, Lopez C, Jaramillo-Polanco JO, Degro C, Guzman-Rodriguez M, Tsang Q, Snow Z, Schmidt BL, Reed DE, Lomax AE, Margolis KG, Stein C, Bunnett NW, Vanner SJ. Agonist that activates the µ-opioid receptor in acidified microenvironments inhibits colitis pain without side effects. Gut 2022; 71:695-704. [PMID: 33785555 PMCID: PMC8608554 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effectiveness of µ-opioid receptor (MOPr) agonists for treatment of visceral pain is compromised by constipation, respiratory depression, sedation and addiction. We investigated whether a fentanyl analogue, (±)-N-(3-fluoro-1-phenethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-phenyl propionamide (NFEPP), which preferentially activates MOPr in acidified diseased tissues, would inhibit pain in a preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without side effects in healthy tissues. DESIGN Antinociceptive actions of NFEPP and fentanyl were compared in control mice and mice with dextran sodium sulfate colitis by measuring visceromotor responses to colorectal distension. Patch clamp and extracellular recordings were used to assess nociceptor activation. Defecation, respiration and locomotion were assessed. Colonic migrating motor complexes were assessed by spatiotemporal mapping of isolated tissue. NFEPP-induced MOPr signalling and trafficking were studied in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. RESULTS NFEPP inhibited visceromotor responses to colorectal distension in mice with colitis but not in control mice, consistent with acidification of the inflamed colon. Fentanyl inhibited responses in both groups. NFEPP inhibited the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and suppressed mechanical sensitivity of colonic afferent fibres in acidified but not physiological conditions. Whereas fentanyl decreased defecation and caused respiratory depression and hyperactivity in mice with colitis, NFEPP was devoid of these effects. NFEPP did not affect colonic migrating motor complexes at physiological pH. NFEPP preferentially activated MOPr in acidified extracellular conditions to inhibit cAMP formation, recruit β-arrestins and evoke MOPr endocytosis. CONCLUSION In a preclinical IBD model, NFEPP preferentially activates MOPr in acidified microenvironments of inflamed tissues to induce antinociception without causing respiratory depression, constipation and hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Yu
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diana Daeun Bok
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Wisdom
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cintya Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josue O Jaramillo-Polanco
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudius Degro
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mabel Guzman-Rodriguez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quentin Tsang
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Snow
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E Reed
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Edward Lomax
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christoph Stein
- Department Experimental Anaesthesiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Pearce A, Redfern-Nichols T, Harris M, Poyner DR, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. Determining the Effects of Differential Expression of GRKs and β-arrestins on CLR-RAMP Agonist Bias. Front Physiol 2022; 13:840763. [PMID: 35422711 PMCID: PMC9001978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.840763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling of the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) is multifaceted, due to its interaction with receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs), and three endogenous peptide agonists. Previous studies have focused on the bias of G protein signalling mediated by the receptor and receptor internalisation of the CLR-RAMP complex has been assumed to follow the same pattern as other Class B1 G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). Here we sought to measure desensitisation of the three CLR-RAMP complexes in response to the three peptide agonists, through the measurement of β-arrestin recruitment and internalisation. We then delved further into the mechanism of desensitisation through modulation of β-arrestin activity and the expression of GPCR kinases (GRKs), a key component of homologous GPCR desensitisation. First, we have shown that CLR-RAMP1 is capable of potently recruiting β-arrestin1 and 2, subsequently undergoing rapid endocytosis, and that CLR-RAMP2 and -RAMP3 also utilise these pathways, although to a lesser extent. Following this we have shown that agonist-dependent internalisation of CLR is β-arrestin dependent, but not required for full agonism. Overexpression of GRK2-6 was then found to decrease receptor signalling, due to an agonist-independent reduction in surface expression of the CLR-RAMP complex. These results represent the first systematic analysis of the importance of β-arrestins and GRKs in CLR-RAMP signal transduction and pave the way for further investigation regarding other Class B1 GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Pearce
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Graham Ladds,
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Tian R, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Wang Y, Wen Q, Fan X, Qin G, Zhang D, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhou J. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS regulates synaptic transmission in the vestibular nucleus and improves vestibular function via PKC/ERK/CREB pathway in an experimental chronic migraine rat model. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:35. [PMID: 35260079 PMCID: PMC8903578 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vestibular symptoms are frequently reported in patients with chronic migraine (CM). However, whether vestibular symptoms arise through overlapping neurobiology of migraine remains to be elucidated. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP1 receptor play important pathological roles in facilitating central sensitization in CM. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether CGRP1 receptor contributes to vestibular dysfunction after CM by improving synaptic transmission in the vestibular nucleus (VN). Methods A CM rat model was established by recurrent intermittent administration of nitroglycerin (NTG). Migraine- and vestibular-related behaviors were assessed. CGRP1 receptor specific antagonist, BIBN4096BS, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (CHE) were administered intracerebroventricularly. The expressions of CGRP and CGRP1 receptor components, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) were evaluated by western blot, immunofluorescent staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the vestibular nucleus (VN). Synaptic associated proteins and synaptic morphological characteristics were explored by western blot, transmission electron microscope, and Golgi-cox staining. The expressions of PKC, phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein at serine 133 site (p-CREB-S133) and c-Fos were detected using western blot or immunofluorescent staining. Results The expressions of CGRP, CLR and RAMP1 were significantly upregulated in CM rats. CLR and RAMP1 were expressed mainly in neurons. BIBN4096BS treatment and PKC inhibition alleviated mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and vestibular dysfunction in CM rats. Additionally, BIBN4096BS treatment and PKC inhibition markedly inhibited the overexpression of synaptic associated proteins and restored the abnormal synaptic structure in VN after CM. Furthermore, BIBN4096BS treatment dysregulated the expression levels of PKC, p-ERK and p-CREB-S133, and attenuated neuronal activation in VN after CM. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that CGRP1 receptor inhibition improved vestibular function after CM by reversing the aberrant synaptic transmission via downregulating PKC/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Therapeutic interventions by inhibiting CGRP/CGRP1 signaling may be a new target for the treatment of vestibular symptoms in CM.
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Latorre R, Hegron A, Peach CJ, Teng S, Tonello R, Retamal JS, Klein-Cloud R, Bok D, Jensen DD, Gottesman-Katz L, Rientjes J, Veldhuis NA, Poole DP, Schmidt BL, Pothoulakis CH, Rankin C, Xie Y, Koon HW, Bunnett NW. Mice expressing fluorescent PAR 2 reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112059119. [PMID: 35110404 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112059119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many pathophysiological processes and are major therapeutic targets. The impact of disease on the subcellular distribution and function of GPCRs is poorly understood. We investigated trafficking and signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in colitis. To localize PAR2 and assess redistribution during disease, we generated knockin mice expressing PAR2 fused to monomeric ultrastable green fluorescent protein (muGFP). PAR2-muGFP signaled and trafficked normally. PAR2 messenger RNA was detected at similar levels in Par2-mugfp and wild-type mice. Immunostaining with a GFP antibody and RNAScope in situ hybridization using F2rl1 (PAR2) and Gfp probes revealed that PAR2-muGFP was expressed in epithelial cells of the small and large intestine and in subsets of enteric and dorsal root ganglia neurons. In healthy mice, PAR2-muGFP was prominently localized to the basolateral membrane of colonocytes. In mice with colitis, PAR2-muGFP was depleted from the plasma membrane of colonocytes and redistributed to early endosomes, consistent with generation of proinflammatory proteases that activate PAR2 PAR2 agonists stimulated endocytosis of PAR2 and recruitment of Gαq, Gαi, and β-arrestin to early endosomes of T84 colon carcinoma cells. PAR2 agonists increased paracellular permeability of colonic epithelial cells, induced colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice, and stimulated proinflammatory cytokine release from segments of human colon. Knockdown of dynamin-2 (Dnm2), the major colonocyte isoform, and Dnm inhibition attenuated PAR2 endocytosis, signaling complex assembly and colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, PAR2 endocytosis sustains protease-evoked inflammation and nociception and PAR2 in endosomes is a potential therapeutic target for colitis.
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De Logu F, Nassini R, Hegron A, Landini L, Jensen DD, Latorre R, Ding J, Marini M, Souza Monteiro de Araujo D, Ramírez-Garcia P, Whittaker M, Retamal J, Titiz M, Innocenti A, Davis TP, Veldhuis N, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW, Geppetti P. Schwann cell endosome CGRP signals elicit periorbital mechanical allodynia in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:646. [PMID: 35115501 PMCID: PMC8813987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-1, CLR/RAMP1) implicates peripherally-released CGRP in migraine pain. However, the site and mechanism of CGRP-evoked peripheral pain remain unclear. By cell-selective RAMP1 gene deletion, we reveal that CGRP released from mouse cutaneous trigeminal fibers targets CLR/RAMP1 on surrounding Schwann cells to evoke periorbital mechanical allodynia. CLR/RAMP1 activation in human and mouse Schwann cells generates long-lasting signals from endosomes that evoke cAMP-dependent formation of NO. NO, by gating Schwann cell transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), releases ROS, which in a feed-forward manner sustain allodynia via nociceptor TRPA1. When encapsulated into nanoparticles that release cargo in acidified endosomes, a CLR/RAMP1 antagonist provides superior inhibition of CGRP signaling and allodynia in mice. Our data suggest that the CGRP-mediated neuronal/Schwann cell pathway mediates allodynia associated with neurogenic inflammation, contributing to the algesic action of CGRP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
- Headache Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Alan Hegron
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Rocco Latorre
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Julia Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Matilde Marini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | | | - Paulina Ramírez-Garcia
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Whittaker
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffri Retamal
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mustafa Titiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery - Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Veldhuis
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.
- Headache Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy.
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Holzer P, Holzer-Petsche U. Constipation Caused by Anti-calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Migraine Therapeutics Explained by Antagonism of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide's Motor-Stimulating and Prosecretory Function in the Intestine. Front Physiol 2022; 12:820006. [PMID: 35087426 PMCID: PMC8787053 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.820006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists (gepants) and of monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP system has been a major advance in the management of migraine. In the randomized controlled trials before regulatory approval, the safety of these anti-CGRP migraine therapeutics was considered favorable and to stay within the expected profile. Post-approval real-world surveys reveal, however, constipation to be a major adverse event which may affect more than 50% of patients treated with erenumab (an antibody targeting the CGRP receptor), fremanezumab or galcanezumab (antibodies targeting CGRP). In this review article we address the question whether constipation caused by inhibition of CGRP signaling can be mechanistically deduced from the known pharmacological actions and pathophysiological implications of CGRP in the digestive tract. CGRP in the gut is expressed by two distinct neuronal populations: extrinsic primary afferent nerve fibers and distinct neurons of the intrinsic enteric nervous system. In particular, CGRP is a major messenger of enteric sensory neurons which in response to mucosal stimulation activate both ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory neuronal pathways that enable propulsive (peristaltic) motor activity to take place. In addition, CGRP is able to stimulate ion and water secretion into the intestinal lumen. The motor-stimulating and prosecretory actions of CGRP combine in accelerating intestinal transit, an activity profile that has been confirmed by the ability of CGRP to induce diarrhea in mice, dogs and humans. We therefore conclude that the constipation elicited by antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor results from interference with the physiological function of CGRP in the small and large intestine in which it contributes to the maintenance of peristaltic motor activity, ion and water secretion and intestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Holzer-Petsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Hoare SRJ, Tewson PH, Sachdev S, Connor M, Hughes TE, Quinn AM. Quantifying the Kinetics of Signaling and Arrestin Recruitment by Nervous System G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814547. [PMID: 35110998 PMCID: PMC8801586 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons integrate inputs over different time and space scales. Fast excitatory synapses at boutons (ms and μm), and slow modulation over entire dendritic arbors (seconds and mm) are all ultimately combined to produce behavior. Understanding the timing of signaling events mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of therapeutics targeting the nervous system. Measuring signaling kinetics in live cells has been transformed by the adoption of fluorescent biosensors and dyes that convert biological signals into optical signals that are conveniently recorded by microscopic imaging or by fluorescence plate readers. Quantifying the timing of signaling has now become routine with the application of equations in familiar curve fitting software to estimate the rates of signaling from the waveform. Here we describe examples of the application of these methods, including (1) Kinetic analysis of opioid signaling dynamics and partial agonism measured using cAMP and arrestin biosensors; (2) Quantifying the signaling activity of illicit synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists measured using a fluorescent membrane potential dye; (3) Demonstration of multiplicity of arrestin functions from analysis of biosensor waveforms and quantification of the rates of these processes. These examples show how temporal analysis provides additional dimensions to enhance the understanding of GPCR signaling and therapeutic mechanisms in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R. J. Hoare
- Pharmechanics LLC, Owego, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sam R. J. Hoare
| | | | - Shivani Sachdev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Blumenfeld A, Durham PL, Feoktistov A, Hay DL, Russo AF, Turner I. Hypervigilance, Allostatic Load, and Migraine Prevention: Antibodies to CGRP or Receptor. Neurol Ther 2021; 10:469-497. [PMID: 34076848 PMCID: PMC8571459 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-021-00250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine involves brain hypersensitivity with episodic dysfunction triggered by behavioral or physiological stressors. During an acute migraine attack the trigeminal nerve is activated (peripheral sensitization). This leads to central sensitization with activation of the central pathways including the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, the trigemino-thalamic tract, and the thalamus. In episodic migraine the sensitization process ends with the individual act, but with chronic migraine central sensitization may continue interictally. Increased allostatic load, the consequence of chronic, repeated exposure to stressors, leads to central sensitization, lowering the threshold for future neuronal activation (hypervigilance). Ostensibly innocuous stressors are then sufficient to trigger an attack. Medications that reduce sensitization may help patients who are hypervigilant and help to balance allostatic load. Acute treatments and drugs for migraine prevention have traditionally been used to reduce attack duration and frequency. However, since many patients do not fully respond, an unmet treatment need remains. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a vasoactive neuropeptide involved in nociception and in the sensitization of peripheral and central neurons of the trigeminovascular system, which is implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Elevated CGRP levels are associated with dysregulated signaling in the trigeminovascular system, leading to maladaptive responses to behavioral or physiological stressors. CGRP may, therefore, play a key role in the underlying pathophysiology of migraine. Increased understanding of the role of CGRP in migraine led to the development of small-molecule antagonists (gepants) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target either CGRP or the receptor (CGRP-R) to restore homeostasis, reducing the frequency, duration, and severity of attacks. In clinical trials, US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-CGRP-R/CGRP mAbs were well tolerated and effective as preventive migraine treatments. Here, we explore the role of CGRP in migraine pathophysiology and the use of gepants or mAbs to suppress CGRP-R signaling via inhibition of the CGRP ligand or receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blumenfeld
- The Headache Center of Southern California, The Neurology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA.
| | - Paul L Durham
- Department of Biology, Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | | | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew F Russo
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ira Turner
- Island Neurological Associates, Plainview, NY, USA
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Bhansali D, Teng SL, Lee CS, Schmidt BL, Bunnett NW, Leong KW. Nanotechnology for Pain Management: Current and Future Therapeutic Interventions. Nano Today 2021; 39:101223. [PMID: 34899962 PMCID: PMC8654201 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common medical conditions and affects more Americans than diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined. Current pain treatments mainly rely on opioid analgesics and remain unsatisfactory. The life-threatening side effects and addictive properties of opioids demand new therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine may be able to address these challenges as it allows for sensitive and targeted treatments without some of the burdens associated with current clinical pain therapies. This review discusses the physiology of pain, the current landscape of pain treatment, novel targets for pain treatment, and recent and ongoing efforts to effectively treat pain using nanotechnology-based approaches. We highl ight advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery to reduce side effects, gene therapy to tackle the source of pain, and nanomaterials-based scavenging to proactively mediate pain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhansali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shavonne L. Teng
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010
| | - Caleb S. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Brian L. Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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