1
|
Stegen S, Loopmans S, Stockmans I, Moermans K, Carmeliet P, Carmeliet G. De novo serine synthesis regulates chondrocyte proliferation during bone development and repair. Bone Res 2022; 10:14. [PMID: 35165259 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the mammalian skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification starting from a cartilaginous template. Cartilage cells, or chondrocytes, survive, proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix in an avascular environment, but the metabolic requirements for these anabolic processes are not fully understood. Here, using metabolomics analysis and genetic in vivo models, we show that maintaining intracellular serine homeostasis is essential for chondrocyte function. De novo serine synthesis through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH)-mediated glucose metabolism generates nucleotides that are necessary for chondrocyte proliferation and long bone growth. On the other hand, dietary serine is less crucial during endochondral bone formation, as serine-starved chondrocytes compensate by inducing PHGDH-mediated serine synthesis. Mechanistically, this metabolic flexibility requires ATF4, a transcriptional regulator of amino acid metabolism and stress responses. We demonstrate that both serine deprivation and PHGDH inactivation enhance ATF4 signaling to stimulate de novo serine synthesis and serine uptake, respectively, and thereby prevent intracellular serine depletion and chondrocyte dysfunction. A similar metabolic adaptability between serine uptake and de novo synthesis is observed in the cartilage callus during fracture repair. Together, the results of this study reveal a critical role for PHGDH-dependent serine synthesis in maintaining intracellular serine levels under physiological and serine-limited conditions, as adequate serine levels are necessary to support chondrocyte proliferation during endochondral ossification.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao Z, Li J, Wang X, Peng S, Ning J, Qian Y, Fan C. MicroRNA-21-3p Engineered Umbilical Cord Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Inhibit Tendon Adhesion. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:303-316. [PMID: 32753931 PMCID: PMC7354957 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s254879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a common complication of tendon injury, tendon adhesion is an unresolved problem in clinical work. The aim of this study was to investigate whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUMSC-Exos), one of the most promising new-generation cell-free therapeutic agents, can improve tendon adhesion and explore potential-related mechanisms. Methods The rat Achilles tendon injury adhesion model was constructed in vivo, and the localization of HUMSC-Exos was used to evaluate the tendon adhesion. Rat fibroblast cell lines were treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and/or HUMSC-Exos in vitro, and cell proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression were measured. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed differential miRNAs. A specific miRNA antagonist (antagomir-21a-5p) was used to transform HUMSC-Exos and obtain modified exosomes to verify its efficacy and related mechanism of action. Results In this study, we found HUMSC-Exos reduced rat fibroblast proliferation and inhibited the expression of fibrosis genes: collagen III (COL III) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vitro. In the rat tendon adhesion model, topical application of HUMSC-Exos contributed to relief of tendon adhesion. Specifically, the fibrosis and inflammation-related genes were simultaneously inhibited by HUMSC-Exos. Further, miRNA sequencing of HUMSCs and HUMSC-Exos showed that miR-21a-3p was expressed at low abundance in HUMSC-Exos. The antagonist targeting miR-21a-3p was recruited for treatment of HUMSCs, and harvested HUMSC-Exos, which expressed low levels of miR-21a-3p, and expanded the inhibition of tendon adhesion in subsequent in vitro experiments. Conclusion Our results indicate that HUMSC-Exos may manipulate p65 activity by delivering low-abundance miR-21a-3p, ultimately inhibiting tendon adhesion. The findings may be promising for dealing with tendon adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiexin Ning
- Department of Plastics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou 256610, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim SW, Zhu GQ, Bae WJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats. Sex Med Rev 2019; 8:114-121. [PMID: 31653438 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging men with diabetes mellitus are more easily suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED), which was poor to respond to drugs. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment (MSCT) offers us an alternative approach that might reverse diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED). AIM The aim of this study was to review the current studies investigating mesenchymal stem cell approach in diabetic rat models of ED for future research. METHODS A medical literature search was performed in PubMed by using the keywords including erectile dysfunction, mesenchymal stem cells, diabetes mellitus, and rat model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Representative studies on DMED rats treated by MSCT were reviewed. RESULTS Streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rats were used in most studies because of cost and convenience. With the development of stem cell treatment for DMED research, many kinds of stem cells were used in animal experiment, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, muscle-derived stem cells, urine-derived stem cells, neural crest stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells. Although diverse stem cells were applied for DMED treatment, the mechanism behind these approaches was identical, including improving vascular injury, recovering smooth muscle, restoring neuronal cells, inhibiting the generation of inflammatory cytokines, homing mesenchymal stem cells, and decreasing apoptosis in corpus cavernosum. Meanwhile, combination therapies, including MSCT with drug, herb, and low-energy extracorporeal shockwave treatment showed satisfactory results for ED. CONCLUSION It has been proved that MSCT is an effective and safe treatment for the DMED rats. What's more, MSCT might be a potential and promising approach for patients with DMED as a minimally invasive treatment. Combination of MSCT with various methods was proved to be a more efficient treatment and dependable option to make up for deficiencies of MSCT. Kim SW, Zhu GQ, Bae WJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:114-121.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guan Qun Zhu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Homan K, Hanamatsu H, Furukawa JI, Okada K, Yokota I, Onodera T, Iwasaki N. Alteration of the Total Cellular Glycome during Late Differentiation of Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3546. [PMID: 31331074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal articular cartilage, chondrocytes do not readily proliferate or terminally differentiate, and exhibit a low level of metabolism. Hypertrophy-like changes of chondrocytes have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by inducing protease-mediated cartilage degradation and calcification; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. Glycans are located on the outermost cell surface. Dynamic cellular differentiation can be monitored and quantitatively characterized by profiling the glycan structures of total cellular glycoproteins. This study aimed to clarify the alterations in glycans upon late differentiation of chondrocytes, during which hypertrophy-like changes occur. Primary mouse chondrocytes were differentiated using an insulin-induced chondro-osteogenic differentiation model. Comprehensive glycomics, including N-glycans, O-glycans, free oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycan, and glycosphingolipid, were analyzed for the chondrocytes after 0-, 10- and 20-days cultivation. The comparison and clustering of the alteration of glycans upon hypertrophy-like changes of primary chondrocytes were performed. Comprehensive glycomic analyses provided complementary alterations in the levels of various glycans derived from glycoconjugates during hypertrophic differentiation. In addition, expression of genes related to glycan biosynthesis and metabolic processes was significantly correlated with glycan alterations. Our results indicate that total cellular glycan alterations are closely associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and help to describe the glycophenotype by chondrocytes and their hypertrophic differentiation. our results will assist the identification of diagnostic and differentiation biomarkers in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Côrtes I, Matsui RAM, Azevedo MS, Beatrici A, Souza KLA, Launay G, Delolme F, Granjeiro JM, Moali C, Baptista LS. A Scaffold- and Serum-Free Method to Mimic Human Stable Cartilage Validated by Secretome. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 27:311-327. [PMID: 30734654 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A stabilized cartilage construct without signs of hypertrophy in chondrocytes is still a challenge. Suspensions of adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) and cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) were seeded into micromolded nonadhesive hydrogel to produce spheroids (scaffold- and serum-free method) characterized by size, immunohistochemistry, fusion, and biomechanical properties. After cell dissociation, they were characterized for mesenchymal cell surface markers, cell viability, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Both targeted and nontargeted (shotgun mass spectrometry) analyses were conducted on the culture supernatants. Induced ASC spheroids (ø = 350 μm) showed high cell viability and CD73 downregulation contrasting to CD90. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3/TGF-β1 ratio and SOX9 increased (p < 0.05), whereas interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, RUNX2, and ALPL decreased. Induced ASC spheroids were able to completely fuse and showed a higher force required to compression at day 14 (p < 0.0001). Strong collagen type II in situ was associated with gradual decrease of collagen type X and a lower COLXA1 gene expression at day 14 compared with day 7 (p = 0.0352). The comparison of the secretome content of induced and non-induced ASCs and CPCs identified 138 proteins directly relevant to chondrogenesis of 704 proteins in total. Although collagen X was absent, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), described as antiangiogenic and antihypertrophic, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a biomarker of chondrogenesis, were upregulated in induced ASC spheroids. Our scaffold- and serum-free method mimics stable cartilage acting as a tool for biomarker discovery and for regenerative medicine protocols. Impact Statement Promising adult stem cell sources for cartilage regeneration include adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Our main objective was the development of a reproducible and easy-to-handle scaffold- and serum-free method to obtain stable cartilage from induced ASC spheroids. In addition to targeted protein profiling and biomechanical analysis, we provide the first characterization of the secretome composition for ASC spheroids, providing a useful tool to monitor in vitro chondrogenesis and a noninvasive quality control of tissue-engineered constructs. Furthermore, our secretome analysis revealed a potential novel biomarker-thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), known by its antiangiogenic properties and recently described as an antihypertrophic protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Côrtes
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Renata A M Matsui
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Mayra S Azevedo
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Anderson Beatrici
- Scientific and Technological Metrology Division (Dimci), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Kleber L A Souza
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Guilaume Launay
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Delolme
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR 5305, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France.,SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, INSERM US8, CNRS UMS3444, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - José M Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Odontology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, UMR 5305, University of Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Leandra S Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez Sánchez AH, Omidi M, Wurlitzer M, Fuh MM, Feyerabend F, Schlüter H, Willumeit-Römer R, Luthringer BJ. Proteome analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenesis when exposed to the products of various magnesium-based materials degradation. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:168-188. [PMID: 31049466 PMCID: PMC6482314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of physeal fractures (15%–30% of all paediatric fractures) remains a challenge as in approximately 10% of the cases, significant growth disturbance may occur. Bioresorbable Magnesium-based implants represent a strategy to minimize damage (i.e., load support until bone healing without second surgery). Nevertheless, the absence of harmful effects of magnesium-implants and their degradation products on the growth plate should be confirmed. Here, the proteome of human mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenesis was evaluated when exposed to the products of various Magnesium-based materials degradation. The results of this study indicate that the materials induced regulation of proteins associated with cell chondrogenesis and cartilage formation, which should be beneficial for cartilage regeneration. Degradation products from Mg-based materials generated changes in protein expression. Relevant proteins involved in cartilage formation were upregulated. Potential application of especially Pure-Mg and Mg-10Gd for cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Helvia Martínez Sánchez
- Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Maryam Omidi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Wurlitzer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marceline Manka Fuh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Feyerabend
- Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Bérengère J.C. Luthringer
- Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max Planck Strasse 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jover E, Silvente A, Marin F, Martinez‐Gonzalez J, Orriols M, Martinez CM, Puche CM, Valdés M, Rodriguez C, Hernández‐Romero D. Inhibition of enzymes involved in collagen cross‐linking reduces vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. FASEB J 2018; 32:4459-4469. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700653r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jover
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigatión Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Bristol Medical School of Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ana Silvente
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigatión Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Francisco Marin
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigatión Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Jose Martinez‐Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IIBB‐CSIC)Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB)‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mar Orriols
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | | | - Carmen María Puche
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigatión Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
| | - Mariano Valdés
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigatión Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau‐Programa Instituto Catalán de Ciencias Cardiovasculares (ICCC)IIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Diana Hernández‐Romero
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la ArrixacaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigatión Biosanitaria (IMIB)‐ArrixacaMurciaSpain
- Centro de Investigatión Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta has a long history of use for treating burns and wounds. It is a rich source of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, tissue reparative growth factors, and stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recent data show its therapeutic potential for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. PURPOSE To provide orthopaedic surgeons with an anatomic description of the placenta, to characterize its cellular composition, and to review the literature reporting the use of placenta-derived cells and placental tissue allografts for orthopaedic sports medicine indications in animal models and in humans. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS Using a total of 63 keyword combinations, the PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles describing the use of placental cells and/or tissue for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Information was collected on placental tissue type, indications, animal model, study design, treatment regimen, safety, and efficacy outcomes. Results were categorized by indication and subcategorized by animal model. RESULTS Outcomes for 29 animal studies and 6 human studies reporting the use of placenta-derived therapeutics were generally positive; however, the placental tissue source, clinical indication, and administration route were highly variable across these studies. Fourteen animal studies described the use of placental tissue for tendon injuries, 13 studies for osteoarthritis or articular cartilage injuries, 3 for ligament injuries, and 1 for synovitis. Both placenta-derived culture-expanded cells (epithelial cells or MSCs) and placental tissue allografts were used in animal studies. In all human studies, commercial placental allografts were used. Five of 6 human studies examined the treatment of foot and ankle pathological conditions, and 1 studied the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION A review of the small number of reported studies revealed a high degree of variability in placental cell types, placental tissue preparation, routes of administration, and treatment regimens, which prohibits making any definitive conclusions. Currently, the clinical use of placenta is limited to only commercial placental tissue allografts, as there are no placenta-derived biological drugs approved for the treatment of orthopaedic sports medicine conditions in the United States. However, this review shows that the application of placental cells or tissue allografts appears to be safe and has potential to improve outcomes for orthopaedic sports medicine indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander McIntyre
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ian A Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Belair DG, Wolf CJ, Wood C, Ren H, Grindstaff R, Padgett W, Swank A, MacMillan D, Fisher A, Winnik W, Abbott BD. Engineering human cell spheroids to model embryonic tissue fusion in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184155. [PMID: 28898253 PMCID: PMC5595299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions drive embryonic fusion events during development, and perturbations of these interactions can result in birth defects. Cleft palate and neural tube defects can result from genetic defects or environmental exposures during development, yet very little is known about the effect of chemical exposures on fusion events during human development because of a lack of relevant and robust human in vitro assays of developmental fusion behavior. Given the etiology and prevalence of cleft palate and the relatively simple architecture and composition of the embryonic palate, we sought to develop a three-dimensional culture system that mimics the embryonic palate and could be used to study fusion behavior in vitro using human cells. We engineered size-controlled human Wharton’s Jelly stromal cell (HWJSC) spheroids and established that 7 days of culture in osteogenesis differentiation medium was sufficient to promote an osteogenic phenotype consistent with embryonic palatal mesenchyme. HWJSC spheroids supported the attachment of human epidermal keratinocyte progenitor cells (HPEKp) on the outer spheroid surface likely through deposition of collagens I and IV, fibronectin, and laminin by mesenchymal spheroids. HWJSC spheroids coated in HPEKp cells exhibited fusion behavior in culture, as indicated by the removal of epithelial cells from the seams between spheroids, that was dependent on epidermal growth factor signaling and fibroblast growth factor signaling in agreement with palate fusion literature. The method described here may broadly apply to the generation of three-dimensional epithelial-mesenchymal co-cultures to study developmental fusion events in a format that is amenable to predictive toxicology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cynthia J. Wolf
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmen Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Padgett
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Swank
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Denise MacMillan
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna Fisher
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Witold Winnik
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara D. Abbott
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piltti J, Bygdell J, Fernández-Echevarría C, Marcellino D, Lammi MJ. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and hypoxia synergistically enhance chondrocytic phenotype and modify S100 protein profiles in human chondrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623370 PMCID: PMC5473921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are slowly dividing cells that tend to lose their cell type-specific phenotype and ability to produce structurally and functionally correct cartilage tissue when cultured. Thus, culture conditions, which enhance the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype would be very useful for cartilage research. Here we show that Rho-kinase inhibition by Y-27632 under hypoxic conditions efficiently maintains and even enhances chondrocyte-specific extracellular matrix production by chondrocytic cells. The effects of long-term Y-27632 exposure to human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cell phenotype maintenance and extracellular matrix production were studied at normoxia and at a 5% low oxygen atmosphere. Y-27632 treatment at normoxia induced ACAN and COL2A1 gene up-regulation and a minor increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), while type II collagen expression was not significantly up-regulated. A further increase in expression of ACAN and COL2A1 was achieved with Y-27632 treatment and hypoxia. The production of sGAGs increased by 65.8%, and ELISA analysis revealed a 6-fold up-regulation of type II collagen. Y-27632 also induced the up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins and modified the expression of several other S100 protein family members, such as S100-A4, S100-A6, S100-A13 and S100-A16. The up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins is suggested to enhance the chondrocytic phenotype of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Piltti
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bygdell
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 10, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernández-Pernas P, Fafián-Labora J, Lesende-Rodriguez I, Mateos J, De la Fuente A, Fuentes I, De Toro Santos J, Blanco García F, Arufe MC. 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine Increases In Vitro Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Human Umbilical Cord Stroma Through SRC2. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2097-108. [PMID: 26869487 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our group focuses on the study of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord stroma or Warthońs jelly and their directed differentiation toward chondrocyte-like cells capable of regenerating damaged cartilage when transplanted into an injured joint. This study aimed to determine whether lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL) or 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), the active thyroid hormone, modulates chondrogenesis in our in vitro model of directed chondrogenic differentiation, and whether Wnt signalling is involved in this modulation. MSCs from human umbilical cord stroma underwent directed differentiation toward chondrocyte-like cells by spheroid formation. The addition of T3 to the chondrogenic medium increased the expression of genes linked to chondrogenesis like collagen type 2, integrin alpha 10 beta 1, and Sox9 measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Levels of collagen type 2 and aggrecane analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and staining by Safranin O were increased after 14 days in spheroid culture with T3 compared to those without T3 or only with PRL. B-catenin, Frizzled, and GSK-3β gene expressions were significantly higher in spheroids cultured with chondrogenic medium (CM) plus T3 compared to CM alone after 14 days in culture. The increase of chondrogenic differentiation was inhibited when the cells were treated with T3 plus ML151, an inhibitor of the T3 steroid receptor. This work demonstrates, for first time, that T3 promotes differentiation towards chondrocytes-like cells in our in vitro model, that this differentiation is mediated by steroid receptor co-activator 2 (SRC2) and does not induce hypertrophy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2097-2108, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernández-Pernas
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iván Lesende-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Grupo de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, España
| | - Alexandre De la Fuente
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac Fuentes
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier De Toro Santos
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fco Blanco García
- Grupo de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, España
| | - María C Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng W, Lu X, Fu Z, Zhang L, Li X, Xu X, Ren Y, Lu Y, Fu H, Tian J. Identification of candidate synovial membrane biomarkers after Achyranthes aspera treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 2016; 1864:308-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Stoddart MJ, Bara J, Alini M. Cells and secretome--towards endogenous cell re-activation for cartilage repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:135-45. [PMID: 25174306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine approaches to cartilage tissue repair have mainly been concerned with the implantation of a scaffold material containing monolayer expanded cells into the defect, with the aim to differentiate the cells into chondrocytes. While this may be a valid approach, the secretome of the implanted cells and its effects on the endogenous resident cells, is gaining in interest. This review aims to summarize the knowledge on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells, including knowledge from other tissues, in order to indicate how these mechanisms may be of value in repairing articular cartilage defects. Potential therapies and their effects on the repair of articular cartilage defects will be discussed, with a focus on the transition from classical cell therapy to the implantation of cell free matrices releasing specific cytokines.
Collapse
|
14
|
Watson N, Divers R, Kedar R, Mehindru A, Mehindru A, Borlongan MC, Borlongan CV. Discarded Wharton jelly of the human umbilical cord: a viable source for mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 17:18-24. [PMID: 25442786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multi-potent cells that have the capability of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and neural cells. With these multiple capabilities, MSCs have been highly regarded as an effective transplantable cell source for regenerative medicine. A large bank of these cells can be found in several regions of the human umbilical cord, including the umbilical cord lining, the subendothelial layer, the perivascular zone and, most important, in Wharton jelly (WJ). These cells, all umbilical cord-derived MSCs, are durable, have large loading capacities and are considered ethical to harvest because the umbilical cord is often considered waste. These logistical advantages make WJ as appealing source of stem cells for transplant therapy. In particular, WJ is a predominantly good source of cells because MSCs in WJ are maintained in an early embryologic phase and therefore have retained some of the primitive stemness properties. WJ-MSCs can easily differentiate into a plethora of cell types leading to a variety of applications. In addition, WJ-MSCs are slightly easier to harvest compared with other MSCs (such as bone marrow-derived MSCs). The fascinating stemness properties and therapeutic potential of WJ-MSCs provide great promise in many aspects of regenerative medicine and should be considered for further investigations as safe and effective donor cells for transplantation therapy in many debilitating disorders, which are discussed here. We previously reviewed the therapeutic potential of WJ-MSCs and now provide an update on their recent preclinical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nate Watson
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ryan Divers
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Roshan Kedar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ankur Mehindru
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Anuj Mehindru
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mia C Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bryukhovetskiy A, Shevchenko V, Kovalev S, Chekhonin V, Baklaushev V, Bryukhovetskiy I, Zhukova M. To the novel paradigm of proteome-based cell therapy of tumors: through comparative proteome mapping of tumor stem cells and tissue-specific stem cells of humans. Cell Transplant 2014; 23 Suppl 1:S151-70. [PMID: 25303679 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed proteome mapping (PM), cataloging, and bioinformation analysis of protein lysates of human neural (CD133(+)) progenitor and stem cells (NPSCs) isolated from the olfactory sheath of a nose, multipotent mesenchymal (CD29(+), CD44(+), CD73(+), CD90(+), CD34(-)) stromal cells (MMSCs) isolated from human bone marrow, and tumor (CD133(+)) stem cells (TSCs) isolated from the human U87 glioblastoma (GB) cell line. We identified 1,664 proteins in the examined lysates of stem cells (SCs), 1,052 (63.2%) of which are identical in NPSCs and TSCs and 607 proteins (36.47%) of which are identical in MMSCs and TSCs. Other proteins in U87 GB TSCs are oncospecific or carcinogenesis associated. The biological processes, molecular functions, cell localization, and protein signal pathways of the proteins available in all three proteomes were annotated by PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), PANTHER (http://www.pantherdb.org/), GeneOntology (http://www.geneontology.org/), and KEGG (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) databases. It was shown that gliomaspheres of U87 GB had only 10 intracellular signal transduction pathways (ISTP) that were not modified by the neoplastic process, but only two of them (integrin and focal adhesion pathways) were accessible for regulatory action on gene candidates in the TSC nucleus. Carcinogenesis-free membrane proteins, IPST, and genes expressing proteins of these pathways in U87 GB TSCs can be viewed as main targets for regulatory effects on TSCs. We offer a novel concept of proteome-based complex therapy of tumors. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Bryukhovetskiy
- Federal Research Center for Specialized Types of Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodríguez-Lorenzo A, Arufe MC, de la Fuente A, Fernandez F, Blanco F. Influence of flap prefabrication on seeding of subcutaneously injected mesenchymal stem cells in microvascular beds in rats. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 73:234-8. [PMID: 24830657 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this article, the authors investigated whether the prefabrication of an autologous pedicled flap by isolation from the surrounding with artificial skin substitutes would increase mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) seeding. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cords and were cultured and characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Oxacarbocyanine and its green fluorescence emission were used to label the MSCs population.Sixteen adult Wistar rats were randomized in 4 groups (n = 4 animals per group). In group 1, a prefabricated groin flap (GF) with skin substitutes was harvested without cell injection; in group 2, 1 million MSCs were injected subcutaneously in the area corresponding to the GF without flap harvesting; in Group 3, a prefabricated GF with skin substitutes was harvested and 1 million MSCs were injected subcutaneously; and in Group 4, a prefabricated GF with skin substitutes was harvested and 2 million MSCs were injected subcutaneously. All procedures were performed bilaterally in each animal. Animals were sacrificed 2 weeks after the surgery. Flap viability was then assessed by clinical inspection and histology, and seeding of MSCs was observed. RESULTS All flaps survived 2 weeks after the surgery. Oxacarbocyanine-labeled cells were found in all prefabricated flaps injected (Groups 3 and 4) in higher number in comparison with the group where subcutaneous injection without flap harvesting was performed (Group 2). This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Prefabricated skin flaps with skin substitutes may provide a useful vehicle for the implantation of MSCs to serve as an autologous microvascular bioscaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Lorenzo
- From the *Departments of Surgical Sciences and Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and †Osteoarticular and Aging Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy Unit, Biomedical Research Center, INIBIC-Hospital and ‡Department of Medicine of University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bellayr IH, Catalano JG, Lababidi S, Yang AX, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Puri RK. Gene markers of cellular aging in human multipotent stromal cells in culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:59. [PMID: 24780490 PMCID: PMC4055144 DOI: 10.1186/scrt448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow or other tissue sources have great potential to treat a wide range of injuries and disorders in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, MSCs have inherent characteristics to suppress the immune system and are being studied in clinical studies to prevent graft-versus-host disease. MSCs can be expanded in vitro and have potential for differentiation into multiple cell lineages. However, the impact of cell passaging on gene expression and function of the cells has not been determined. Methods Commercially available human MSCs derived from bone marrow from six different donors, grown under identical culture conditions and harvested at cell passages 3, 5, and 7, were analyzed with gene-expression profiling by using microarray technology. Results The phenotype of these cells did not change as reported previously; however, a statistical analysis revealed a set of 78 significant genes that were distinguishable in expression between passages 3 and 7. None of these significant genes corresponded to the markers established by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) for MSC identification. When the significant gene lists were analyzed through pathway analysis, these genes were involved in the top-scoring networks of cellular growth and proliferation and cellular development. A meta-analysis of the literature for significant genes revealed that the MSCs seem to be undergoing differentiation into a senescent cell type when cultured extensively. Consistent with the differences in gene expression at passage 3 and 7, MSCs exhibited a significantly greater potential for cell division at passage 3 in comparison to passage 7. Conclusions Our results identified specific gene markers that distinguish aging MSCs grown in cell culture. Confirmatory studies are needed to correlate these molecular markers with biologic attributes that may facilitate the development of assays to test the quality of MSCs before clinical use.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mateos J, Pernas PF, Labora JF, Blanco F, Arufe MDC. Proteomic Applications in the Study of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Proteomes 2014; 2:53-71. [PMID: 28250369 PMCID: PMC5302726 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with an unlimited capacity for self-renewal and able to differentiate towards specific lineages under appropriate conditions. MSCs are, a priori, a good target for cell therapy and clinical trials as an alternative to embryonic stem cells, avoiding ethical problems and the chance for malignant transformation in the host. However, regarding MSCs, several biological implications must be solved before their application in cell therapy, such as safe ex vivo expansion and manipulation to obtain an extensive cell quantity amplification number for use in the host without risk accumulation of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Cell surface markers for direct characterization of MSCs remain unknown, and the precise molecular mechanisms whereby growth factors stimulate their differentiation are still missing. In the last decade, quantitative proteomics has emerged as a promising set of techniques to address these questions, the answers to which will determine whether MSCs retain their potential for use in cell therapy. Proteomics provides tools to globally analyze cellular activity at the protein level. This proteomic profiling allows the elucidation of connections between broad cellular pathways and molecules that were previously impossible to determine using only traditional biochemical analysis. However; thus far, the results obtained must be orthogonally validated with other approaches. This review will focus on how these techniques have been applied in the evaluation of MSCs for their future applications in safe therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Mateos
- Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
| | - Pablo Fernández Pernas
- CIBER-BBN, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
| | - Juan Fafián Labora
- CIBER-BBN, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
| | - Francisco Blanco
- Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
- CIBER-BBN, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Arufe
- CIBER-BBN, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of A Coruña, A Coruña 15006, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rocha B, Calamia V, Casas V, Carrascal M, Blanco FJ, Ruiz-Romero C. Secretome Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Chondrogenic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1045-54. [DOI: 10.1021/pr401030n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rocha
- Rheumatology Division,
ProteoRed/ISCIII Proteomics Group, INIBIC—Hospital Universitario
de A Coruña, C/Xubias 84, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Rheumatology Division,
ProteoRed/ISCIII Proteomics Group, INIBIC—Hospital Universitario
de A Coruña, C/Xubias 84, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanessa Casas
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Rheumatology Division,
ProteoRed/ISCIII Proteomics Group, INIBIC—Hospital Universitario
de A Coruña, C/Xubias 84, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
- RIER-RED
de Inflamación
y Enfermedades Reumáticas, INIBIC−CHUAC, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Rheumatology Division,
ProteoRed/ISCIII Proteomics Group, INIBIC—Hospital Universitario
de A Coruña, C/Xubias 84, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
- CIBER-BBN Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, INIBIC−CHUAC, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tay LX, Lim CK, Mansor A, Kamarul T. Differential protein expression between chondrogenic differentiated MSCs, undifferentiated MSCs and adult chondrocytes derived from Oryctolagus cuniculus in vitro. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:24-33. [PMID: 24396283 PMCID: PMC3880988 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This preliminary study aims to determine the differentially expressed proteins from chondrogenic differentiated multipotent stromal cells (cMSCs) in comparison to undifferentiated multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and adult chondrocytes (ACs). METHODS ACs and bone marrow-derived MSCs were harvested from New Zealand White rabbits (n = 3). ACs and cMSCs were embedded in alginate and were cultured using a defined chondrogenic medium containing transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3). Chondrogenic expression was determined using type-II collagen, Safranin-O staining and glycosaminoglycan analyses. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to isolate proteins from MSCs, cMSCs and ACs before being identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The differentially expressed proteins were then analyzed using image analysis software. RESULTS Both cMSCs and ACs were positively stained with type-II collagen and safranin-O. The expression of glycosaminoglycan in cMSCs was comparable to AC at which the highest level was observed at day-21 (p>0.05). Six protein spots were found to be most differentially expressed between MSCs, cMSCs and ACs. The protein spots cofilin-1 (CFL1) and glycealdehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) from cMSCs had expression levels similar to that of ACs whereas the others (ie. MYL6B, ALDOA, TAGLN2, EF1-alpha), did not match the expression level of ACs. CONCLUSION Despite having similar phenotypic expressions to ACs, cMSCs expressed proteins which were not typically expected. This may explain the reason for the unexplained lack of improvement in cartilage repair outcomes reported in previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Xin Tay
- 1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Keong Lim
- 2. Centre of Studies for Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mansor
- 1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 3. Clinical Investigative Centre (CIC), University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ishihara T, Kakiya K, Takahashi K, Miwa H, Rokushima M, Yoshinaga T, Tanaka Y, Ito T, Togame H, Takemoto H, Amano M, Iwasaki N, Minami A, Nishimura SI. Discovery of novel differentiation markers in the early stage of chondrogenesis by glycoform-focused reverse proteomics and genomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:645-55. [PMID: 24161698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases among adults, especially the elderly, which is characterized by destruction of the articular cartilage. Despite affecting more than 100 million individuals all over the world, therapy is currently limited to treating pain, which is a principal symptom of OA. New approaches to the treatment of OA that induce regeneration and repair of cartilage are strongly needed. METHODS To discover potent markers for chondrogenic differentiation, glycoform-focused reverse proteomics and genomics were performed on the basis of glycoblotting-based comprehensive approach. RESULTS Expression levels of high-mannose type N-glycans were up-regulated significantly at the late stage of differentiation of the mouse chondroprogenitor cells. Among 246 glycoproteins carrying this glycotype identified by ConA affinity chromatography and LC/MS, it was demonstrated that 52% are classified as cell surface glycoproteins. Gene expression levels indicated that mRNAs for 15 glycoproteins increased distinctly in the earlier stages during differentiation compared with Type II collagen. The feasibility of mouse chondrocyte markers in human chondrogenesis model was demonstrated by testing gene expression levels of these 15 glycoproteins during differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSION The results showed clearly an evidence of up-regulation of 5 genes, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1, collagen alpha-1(III) chain, collagen alpha-1(XI) chain, aquaporin-1, and netrin receptor UNC5B, in the early stages of differentiation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These cell surface 5 glycoproteins become highly sensitive differentiation markers of human chondrocytes that contribute to regenerative therapies, and development of novel therapeutic reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishihara
- Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Most biological processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are coordinated by tightly regulated signaling pathways, which also involve secreted proteins acting in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. In addition, extracellular signaling molecules affect local niche biology and influence the cross-talking with the surrounding tissues. The understanding of this molecular language may provide an integrated and broader view of cellular regulatory networks under physiological and pathological conditions. In this context, the profiling at a global level of cell secretomes (i.e., the subpopulations of a proteome secreted from the cell) has become an active area of research. The current interest in secretome research also deals with its high potential for the biomarker discovery and the identification of new targets for therapeutic strategies. Several proteomic and mass spectrometry platforms and methodologies have been applied to secretome profiling of conditioned media of cultured cell lines and primary cells. Nevertheless, the analysis of secreted proteins is still a very challenging task, because of the technical difficulties that may hamper the subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. This chapter describes a typical workflow for the analysis of proteins secreted by cultured cells. Crucial issues related to cell culture conditions for the collection of conditioned media, secretome preparation, and mass spectrometry analysis are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of quantitative LC-MS-based approaches, computational tools for data analysis, and strategies for validation of potential secretome biomarkers is also presented.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rocha B, Calamia V, Mateos J, Fernández-Puente P, Blanco FJ, Ruiz-Romero C. Metabolic labeling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the quantitative analysis of their chondrogenic differentiation. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5350-61. [PMID: 22989065 DOI: 10.1021/pr300572r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), residing in bone marrow as well as in the synovial lining of joints, can be triggered to differentiate toward chondrocytes. Thus, hMSCs harbor great therapeutic potential for the repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritis (OA) and other articular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the chondrogenesis process are still in part unknown. In this work, we applied for the first time the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) technique for the quantitative analysis of protein modulation during the chondrogenic differentiation process of hMSCs. First, we have standardized the metabolic labeling procedure on MSCs isolated from bone marrow (hBMSCs), and we have assessed the quality of chondrogenesis taking place in these conditions. Then, chondrogenic differentiation was induced on these labeled cells, and a quantitative proteomics approach has been followed to evaluate protein changes between two differentiation days. With this strategy, we could identify 622 different proteins by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and find 65 proteins whose abundance was significantly modulated between day 2 and day 14 of chondrogenesis. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to verify the changes on a panel of six proteins that play different biological roles in the cell: fibronectin, gelsolin, vimentin, alpha-ATPase, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, and cyclophilin A. All of these proteins were increased at day 14 compared to day 2 of chondrogenic induction, thus being markers of the enhanced extracellular matrix synthesis, cell adhesion, metabolism, and response to stress processes that take place in the early steps of chondrogenesis. Our strategy has allowed an additional insight into both specific protein function and the mechanisms of chondrogenesis and has provided a panel of protein markers of this differentiation process in hBMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rocha
- Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII Proteomics Group, INIBIC-Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, 15006-A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilson R. Umbilical cord stromal cell differentiation: little correlation with known markers of the chondrocyte phenotype or cartilage extracellular matrix. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:L111.010495. [PMID: 22474083 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.l111.010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|