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Cai H, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Fang S, Wang D, Yan Z, Shen H, Liao S, Qi N, Li J, Lin X, Hu J, Song Y, Chen X, Yin L, Zhang J, Lv M, Sun M. Drug resistance patterns and genotype associations of Trichomonas gallinae in meat pigeons ( Columba livia): insights from Guangdong Province, China. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1343321. [PMID: 38264468 PMCID: PMC10803545 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1343321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae, is a prevalent and economically significant disease in pigeons. This study investigated the drug resistance of T. gallinae isolates in Guangdong Province, China. The results revealed that 25.3% (20/79) of the isolates were resistant to one or more of the four nitroimidazole drugs tested, namely, metronidazole, dimetridazole, secnidazole, and tinidazole. Secnidazole elicited the highest resistance rate (19.0%; 15/79), followed by tinidazole (17.7%; 14/79), metronidazole (17.7%; 14/79), and dimetridazole (13.9%; 11/79). An enormous majority of the resistant isolates (70.0%; 14/20) exhibited resistance to multiple drugs. Additionally, the resistance rate was significantly higher in isolates from birds aged < 30 days (53.3%; 8/15) than in those from older birds (23.1%; 12/52). Moreover, no drug resistance was detected in female pigeons. The genotype of the isolated strain was also associated with drug resistance. Specifically, 50.0% (15/30) of ITS-B genotypes exhibited resistance to drugs, while only 10.2% (5/49) of ITS-A genotypes demonstrated resistance. This study also found the growth characteristics of different Trichomonas isolates to be influenced by their genotypes and initial inoculum concentrations. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective measures to control and prevent drug-resistant T. gallinae infections in pigeons, thus ensuring the stable development of the pigeon industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyun Fang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingai Wang
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanqin Shen
- Guangdong Jingjie Inspection and Testing Co., Ltd., Xinxing, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenquan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongle Song
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minna Lv
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Jing S, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chang H, Xiang C, Han S, Yuan G, Fan J, He H. Identification of new drug candidates against Trichomonas gallinae using high-throughput screening. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023; 23:19-27. [PMID: 37562241 PMCID: PMC10424085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and infects captive and wild bird species throughout the world. Although metronidazole has been the drug of choice against trichomoniasis for decades, most Trichomonas gallinae strains have developed resistance. Therefore, drugs with new modes of action or targets are urgently needed. Here, we report the development and application of a cell-based CCK-8 method for the high-throughput screening and identification of new inhibitors of Trichomonas gallinae as a beginning point for the development of new treatments for trichomoniasis. We performed the high-throughput screening of 173 anti-parasitic compounds, and found 16 compounds that were potentially effective against Trichomonas gallinae. By measuring the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) and median cytotoxic concentration (CC50), we identified 3 potentially safe and effective compounds against Trichomonas gallinae: anisomycin, fumagillin, and MG132. In conclusion, this research successfully established a high-throughput screening method for compounds and identified 3 new safe and effective compounds against Trichomonas gallinae, providing a new treatment scheme for trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China; National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Yi Li
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Han Chang
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chen Xiang
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Fadel C, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Bourdo K, Poapolathep A, Hassoun G, Giorgi M. Metronidazole pharmacokinetics in geese (Anser anser domesticus) after intravenous and oral administrations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023. [PMID: 38032073 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ) is a 5-nitroimidazole anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal drug. In human and companion animal medicine, MTZ remains widely used due to its effectiveness against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. In farm animals, however, MTZ is currently prohibited in several countries due to insufficient data on nitroimidazoles. The purpose of this study was to assess its pharmacokinetics (PK) in geese after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administrations. Fifteen-month old healthy male geese (n = 8) were used. Geese were subjected to a two-phase, single-dose (10 mg/kg IV, 50 mg/kg PO), open, longitudinal study design with a two-week washout period between the IV and PO phases. Blood was drawn from the left wing vein to heparinized tubes at 0, 0.085 (for IV only), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h. Plasma MTZ concentrations were measured using HPLC coupled to an UV detector, and the data were pharmacokinetically analyzed using PKanalix™ software with a non-compartmental approach. MTZ was still quantifiable and well above the LLOQ at 24 h after both routes of administration. Following IV administration, terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and total clearance were 5.47 h, 767 mL/kg, and 96 mL/h/kg, respectively. For the PO route, the bioavailability was high (85%), and the mean peak plasma concentration was 60.27 μg/mL at 1 h. When parameters were normalized for the dose, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the PK parameters between the two routes of administration. The study shows that oral administration of MTZ seems to be promising in geese, although comprehensive research on its pharmacodynamics and multiple-dose studies are necessary before its adoption in geese can be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Fadel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bourdo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Georges Hassoun
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Xiang C, Li Y, Jing S, Han S, He H. Trichomonas gallinae Kills Host Cells Using Trogocytosis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 37623968 PMCID: PMC10459183 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae) is an infectious parasite that is prevalent worldwide in poultry and can cause death in both poultry and wild birds. Although studies have shown that T. gallinae damages host cells through direct contact, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that T. gallinae can kill host cells by ingesting fragments of the host cells, that is, by trogocytosis. Moreover, we found that the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64D prevented T. gallinae from destroying host cells. To the best of our knowledge, our study has demonstrated for the first time that T. gallinae uses trogocytosis to kill host cells. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for the prevention and control of avian trichomoniasis and will contribute to the development of vaccines and drugs for the prevention and control of avian trichomoniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xiang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.X.); (S.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Shengfan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (Y.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.X.); (S.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (C.X.); (S.H.)
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Ma H, Bian S, Han P, Li Y, Ni A, Zhang R, Ge P, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zong Y, Yuan J, Sun Y, Chen J. Supplementation of exogenous bile acids improve antitrichomonal activity and enhance intestinal health in pigeon (Columba livia). Poult Sci 2023; 102:102722. [PMID: 37167885 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of supplementation of bile acids in drinking water on antitrichomonal activity, growth performance, immunity and microbial composition of pigeon. A total of 180 pairs of White King parent pigeons were randomly assigned to 5 treatments of 6 replications with 6 pairs of parent pigeons and 12 squabs in each replicate. The control (CON) group drank water without any additions. The metronidazole (MTZ) group drank water with 500 μg/mL metronidazole for 7 d and without any additions in other days. The else groups drank water with 500, 750, and 1,250 μg/mL bile acid (BAL, BAM, BAH) for 28 d. The results showed that Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae) in MTZ, BAL, BAM, and BAH groups were lower than that in CON group at 14, 21, and 28 d of parent pigeons (P < 0.05) and at 21 and 28 d of squabs (P < 0.05). Albumin and alanine transaminase in CON group were higher than those in MTZ, BAL, and BAH groups (P < 0.05). The levels of soluble CD8 were higher in MTZ and BAH groups compared with CON group (P < 0.05). The lesions in oral mucosa, thymus, liver, and spleen tissues of CON group could be observed. Abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) index in BAH group was higher than that in CON and MTZ groups. Simpson index in CON and BAH groups was higher than MTZ group (P < 0.05). Lactobacillus was the highest colonized colonic bacteria in genera that were 77.21, 91.20, and 73.19% in CON, MTZ, and BAH, respectively. In conclusion, drinking water supplemented with 500, 750, and 1,250 μg/mL bile acid could inhibit growth of T. gallinae in both parent pigeons and squabs. Squabs infected with T. gallinae in control group had higher mortality rate and more serious tissue lesions. Squabs in bile acids treated group had more sCD8 in serum and abundant intestinal morphology. Bile acids could be an efficient drinking supplements to inhibit T. gallinae and improve pigeon adaptive immunity and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shixiong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengmin Han
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinmeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Zong
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Bailén M, Díaz-Castellanos I, Azami-Conesa I, Alonso Fernández S, Martínez-Díaz RA, Navarro-Rocha J, Gómez-Muñoz MT, González-Coloma A. Anti-Trichomonas gallinae activity of essential oils and main compounds from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plants. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:981763. [PMID: 36157195 PMCID: PMC9500544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.981763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoan that parasitizes the upper digestive tract of various bird species and causes avian trichomonosis. The emergence of resistant strains to the standard treatment, based on nitroimidazoles, increases the need to find alternative therapies. In this study, 36 essential oils (EOs) from Lamiaceae and Asteraceae plant families were tested against T. gallinae trophozoites using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)-2,5-dipheniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Among them, EOs from distinct species of Lamiaceae, including the genera Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus, Origanum, and Satureja were the ones reporting better anti-trichomonal activity, and were selected for further analysis, including chemical composition and in vitro assays. The chemical composition of the selected EOs was determined by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and 19 pure compounds were tested against the protozoa, according to their higher abundance in the active EOs. Pure compounds which displayed the highest activity against T. gallinae trophozoites, ordered by highest to lowest activity, were α and β-thujones, camphene, β-pinene, linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpineol, γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene, D-fenchone and β-caryophyllene. A dose dependent effect was observed in most of the EOs and pure compounds tested. The toxicity test conducted in eukaryotic cell cultures with the anti-trichomonal active pure compounds showed that β-caryophyllene, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene were slightly toxic for Vero cells, and the selectivity index was calculated. Based on the anti-trichomonal activity and the absence of cytotoxicity results, natural products from Lamiaceae plants could be useful as alternative therapy against avian trichomonosis, mainly those containing linalyl acetate, thymol, 4-terpinenol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and D-fenchone.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bailén
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Castellanos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Azami-Conesa
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Alonso Fernández
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael A. Martínez-Díaz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Navarro-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Muñoz
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Teresa Gómez-Muñoz
| | - Azucena González-Coloma
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Azucena González-Coloma
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Tabari MA, Poźniak B, Abrishami A, Moradpour AA, Shahavi MH, Kazemi S, Youssefi MR. Antitrichomonal activity of metronidazole-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles in pigeon trichomoniasis. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3263-3272. [PMID: 34342682 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the novel drug delivery systems to reduce the dose of the drug and avoid side effects. Metronidazole has been used for many years in the treatment of anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections. Nanolactoferrin, a newly developed antibacterial agent originated from lactoferrin, is applied both as an active therapeutic and a drug nanocarrier. The present study describes the development and characterization of metronidazole-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles (nano-MTZ) as well as reports their antitrichomonal activity on Trichomonas gallinae, the protozoal causative agent of pigeon trichomoniasis. The activity of the nano-MTZ is compared with the regular metronidazole formulation (MTZ) under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Additionally, cytotoxicity of the nano-MTZ to fibroblast cell line and possible hepatotoxicity in treated pigeons were evaluated. Nano-MTZ was prepared based on the thermal treatment method and the average size and surface charge of the dispersion were 30.6 nm and - 44.6 mv, respectively. No significant cytotoxicity was noted for the nano-MTZ in comparison to the MTZ. Loading efficiency in nano-MTZ was calculated as 55%. In vitro susceptibility results demonstrated 24 h 90% lethal concentration values of 4.23 and 6.64 µg/mL for MTZ and nano-MTZ, respectively. Oral treatment of the pigeons experimentally infected with T. gallinae resulted in the earlier eradication of the infection in the nano-MTZ-treated pigeons. No adverse effects on the liver function have been observed for the nano-MTZ. These findings suggest that nanolactoferrin is a promising platform for the development of novel MTZ formulations with improved antitrichomonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Błażej Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Azadeh Abrishami
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol BranchBabol, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Moradpour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol BranchBabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Shahavi
- Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies (AUSMT), Amol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Youssefi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Islamic Azad University, Babol BranchBabol, Iran. .,Department of Comprehensive Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Babol BranchBabol, Iran.
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