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Mohammadi-Nia M, Yaali R, Amani-Shalamzari S, Clark CCT. The effect of 8 weeks of child designed vs teacher designed games on physical fitness and creativity in children 8-10 years. Physiol Behav 2023; 259:114030. [PMID: 36435230 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A healthy and active lifestyle should start from an early age, as habits learned in childhood are more likely to endure. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-designed games and teacher-designed games on the physical fitness and creativity of children aged 8-10 years. Thirty children participating in a sports club were randomly divided into two groups: teacher-designed games (TDG) and child-designed games (CDG). Subjects practiced two sessions per week for eight weeks, each session lasting 60 min. Fitness factors, such as strength, muscle endurance, aerobic fitness, agility, speed, and creativity were assessed by valid tests before and after the protocols. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The TDG intervention led to a significant improvement in KTK (37.1% vs. -3.2%) and agility (-3.7% vs. -0.4%) compared to CDG intervention, while CDG intervention was associated with a significant improvement in aerobic capacity (10.1% vs. 3.6%) and in the elaboration of creativity test (23.3% vs. 8.6%). Both groups demonstrated substantial improvements in handgrip strength, static balance, long jump, flexibility, core endurance, and creativity tests, with no significant difference between groups. There were no significant changes in anthropometric features following the intervention. The implementation of combined teacher-designed and child-designed approaches in children's classrooms, in addition to promoting all aspects of physical fitness, may be effective in enhancing physical fitness and creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammadi-Nia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yaali
- Department of Sport Management and Motor Behaviour, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, U.K
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Wang T, Qian Y, Zhong T, Qi J. Associations between Fundamental Movement Skills and Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity among Chinese Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13057. [PMID: 36293635 PMCID: PMC9603295 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Higher physical activity (PA) levels will obtain more health-related benefits for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID). The mastery of fundamental movement skills (FMS) potentially correlates with PA. This study aimed to examine the associations of FMS with moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) levels in children and adolescents with moderate to severe ID. Moreover, this research analyzes whether there are gender and age differences in the association between these two variables. A total of 93 children and adolescents with ID, aged 8-17 years (mean age = 13.27; SD = 3.35), were recruited from a special school located in western China. The time spent in MVPA was measured using waist-worn accelerometers. FMS proficiency was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2). Children and adolescents with ID tend to have delayed maturity of FMS patterns (locomotor skills t (92) = -16.91, p < 0.001, d = 2.48; object control skills t (92) = -25.39, p < 0.001, d = 3.72; total FMS t (92) = -21.83, p < 0.001, d = 3.20) and lower proficiency in objective control skills (t (92) = 3.989, p < 0.001, d = 0.29). A significant positive correlation was found between MVPA and FMS, and this association was moderated by gender and age. For boys, object control skills were a significant predictor of MVPA time (B = 0.842, p < 0.01), whereas locomotor skills were a significant predictor of MVPA time (B = 0.472, p < 0.05) for girls. For children with ID, object control skills were a significant predictor of MVPA time (B = 0.736, p < 0.05). Proficiency in FMS has a positive effect on increasing the level of MVPA in children and adolescents with ID. Gender and age factors should be considered when implementing FMS intervention programs.
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Estevan I, Clark C, Molina-garcía J, Menescardi C, Barton V, Queralt A. Longitudinal association of movement behaviour and motor competence in childhood: a structural equation model, compositional, and isotemporal substitution analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wälti M, Sallen J, Adamakis M, Ennigkeit F, Gerlach E, Heim C, Jidovtseff B, Kossyva I, Labudová J, Masaryková D, Mombarg R, De Sousa Morgado L, Niederkofler B, Niehues M, Onofre M, Pühse U, Quitério A, Scheuer C, Seelig H, Vlček P, Vrbas J, Herrmann C. Basic Motor Competencies of 6- to 8-Year-Old Primary School Children in 10 European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study on Associations With Age, Sex, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:804753. [PMID: 35548549 PMCID: PMC9081805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic motor competencies (BMC) are a prerequisite for children to be physically active, participate in sports and thus develop a healthy, active lifestyle. The present study provides a broad screening of BMC and associations with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and extracurricular physical activity (PA) in 10 different European countries. The different country and regional contexts within Europe will offer a novel view on already established BMC associations. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 regions in 10 European countries in 2018. The motor competence areas, object movement (OM) and self-movement (SM), were assessed using the MOBAK-1-2 test instrument in 3758 first and second graders (age: M = 6.86 ± 0.60 years; 50% girls) during Physical Education classes. Children were questioned about their extracurricular PA and age. Their body weight and height were measured in order to calculate BMI. Statistical analyses included variances and correlations. The results showed significant differences in BMC levels between countries (OM: F = 18.74, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.048; SM: F = 73.10, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.163) whereas associations between BMC and correlates were similar. Boys performed significantly better in OM while girls performed better in SM. Age was consistently positively related to OM and SM with older children reaching higher levels of BMC than younger ones. While participation rates for extracurricular PA differed widely, participation in ball sports was correlated with OM and SM. Participation in individual sports showed a significant association with SM. In summary, BMC levels of children seem to depend on where they live and are strongly related to their participation in extracurricular PA. Therefore, education and health policies, in order to enhance motor competence development and PA participation, are recommended. Further research on country-specific Physical Education frameworks and their influence on BMC will provide more insights into structural factors and cultural characteristics of BMC development. On a school level, support tools and educational materials for teachers about BMC may enable children to achieve a basic level of motor competencies through Physical Education, contributing to lifelong participation in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wälti
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Sallen
- Department of Educational Sciences & Didactics in Sport, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Fabienne Ennigkeit
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erin Gerlach
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Heim
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Boris Jidovtseff
- Department of Motor Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Irene Kossyva
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jana Labudová
- Department of School Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Masaryková
- Department of School Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Remo Mombarg
- Institute for Sport Studies, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Niederkofler
- Institute of Didactics, Teaching and School Development, Salzburg University of Education Stefan Zweig, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maike Niehues
- Department of Educational Sciences & Didactics in Sport, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marcos Onofre
- Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana & Unidade de Investigaçao e Desenvolvimento em Educação e Formação, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Quitério
- Centro de Estudos de Educação, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana & Unidade de Investigaçao e Desenvolvimento em Educação e Formação, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claude Scheuer
- Department of Education and Social Work, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Vlček
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Vrbas
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Christian Herrmann
- Physical Education Research Group, Zurich University of Teacher Education, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kaioglou V, Dania A, Kambas A, Venetsanou F. Associations of Motor Competence, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Physical Activity: The Mediating Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35353021 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1991559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Supporting children's physical activity (PA) behavior is imperative in order to safeguard their health. In an attempt to gain a deeper understanding about children's PA behavior, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations among motor competence (MC), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and ambulatory PA during middle and late childhood. Method: A cross-sectional design was adopted and a total of 576 8-12-year-old children (Mage = 10.2 years, SD = 1.3) were examined. MC was assessed by the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment; daily PA (steps/day) was obtained by pedometers; CRF was measured by the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run. The associations among the key study variables were investigated by correlation and mediation analyses. Using a bootstrap method, two mediation models were tested: (a) MC predicting PA through CRF, (b) PA predicting MC through CRF. Results: MC, CRF, and PA present significant and positive associations both in boys and girls (p < .05). CRF fully mediates the relationship between MC and PA in both directions [Model 1: b = .138, 95% CI (.0952, .1869), Model 2: b = .108, 95% CI (.0752, .1445)]. The pathway leading from PA to MC (R2 = .375, p < .0001) has stronger predictive utility than the reverse pathway (R2 = .124, p < .0001). Conclusion: MC and CRF are important predictors of children's PA participation; therefore, systematic and targeted interventions focused on the enhancement of these two factors should be used as a mechanism to reinforce children's PA behavior.
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Portillo J, Bravo-Sánchez A, Abián P, Dorado-Suárez A, Abián-Vicén J. Influence of Secondary School Students' Physical Fitness on Sports Performance during an Ultimate Frisbee Competition. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35409680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of secondary school students’ fitness profile on physical and technical−tactical performance in simulated competition conditions of ultimate frisbee when there is no previous experience in the practice of the sport. Forty-three secondary school students participated in this research. The students were divided into two groups according to their results in the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and fitness test battery (ALPHA fitness test): poor physical fitness (PPF) (N = 24; age: 14.9 ± 0.8 years; height: 166.1 ± 10.9 cm; body mass: 62.2 ± 11.0 kg; ALPHA fitness score: 2.7 ± 0.7 points) and good physical fitness (GPF) (N = 19; age: 14.5 ± 0.6 years; height: 165.9 ± 5.8 cm; body mass: 58.9 ± 7.5 kg; ALPHA fitness score: 4.4 ± 0.3 points). Physical variables during the ultimate frisbee match were assessed using Global Positioning System technology. The matches were video-recorded, and individual technical actions were noted afterwards. The GPF group showed higher values for running (p = 0.039), high-speed running (p = 0.015), sprinting (p = 0.022) and total distance covered (p = 0.025) than the PPF group. In addition, more passes (p = 0.019), offensive decision making (p = 0.009) and player participation (p = 0.046) were recorded in the GPF group than the PPF group. Correlational analysis revealed a positive relationship (p < 0.05) between individual participation and the meters covered for jogging, running, running at high speed and sprinting during the game. In conclusion, although the students were novices in ultimate frisbee, the high physical fitness level had a positive effect on the game performance. Physical education teachers should consider this information when introducing new sports into their physical education classes.
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Morley D, Rudd J, Issartel J, Goodway J, O’Connor D, Foulkes J, Babic M, Kavanagh J, Miller A. Rationale and study protocol for the Movement Oriented Games Based Assessment (MOGBA) cluster randomized controlled trial: A complex movement skill intervention for 8-12 year old children within 'Made to Play'. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253747. [PMID: 34166447 PMCID: PMC8224954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a positive relationship between children's movement competence and physical activity, with a further relationship established between physical activity and childhood obesity. The Movement Oriented Games Based Assessment (MOGBA) is a delivery and assessment intervention designed to improve children's complex movement skills, based on principles of motor development and assessment theories. MOGBA aims to improve children's movement competence, physical fitness and self-perceptions (physical and game) and increase children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). MOGBA is to be used in the 'Made to Play' initiative, involving 105 sports and activity programs across 21 countries, involving over 25 million children. A multi-site cluster randomized controlled trial will take place across three global sites (UK, Ireland and Australia). Each site will recruit eight primary schools (four experiment, four control) with each school providing two separate classes of children from age ranges 8-12 years (Site n = ~300, total n = 904). After baseline assessments, schools will be randomly allocated to an experimental or wait-list control group. Following two half-day workshops, trained facilitators will deliver the MOGBA intervention for 9 weeks. The main intervention components include delivery of 14 games-based activities with associated assessments of children's movement and differentiation to meet children's needs by manipulating space, effort and relationships. The primary outcome of the trial is to improve children's' movement competence (The Dragon Challenge), with secondary outcomes of improving children's' in-activity and leisure-time MVPA (5-day accelerometer), physical fitness (standing long jump and push ups) and self-perceptions (physical and game). Data will be analysed using multilevel modelling approaches. The MOGBA intervention has been designed to improve children's movement competence and scalable interventions based on MOGBA could be applied across programs within the Made to Play initiative, globally. The trial is registered at the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619001320145p, 27 Sep 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Morley
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Rudd
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
| | - Johann Issartel
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jackie Goodway
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Donna O’Connor
- Sydney School of Education and Social Work, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathon Foulkes
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, England
| | - Mark Babic
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Kavanagh
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Miller
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Menescardi C, Estevan I. Parental and Peer Support Matters: A Broad Umbrella of the Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association between Children's Perceived Motor Competence and Physical Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6646. [PMID: 34205557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the role of social support in the relationship between perceived motor competence (MC) and physical activity (PA), according to the conceptual model of Motor Development. (2) Methods: Participants were 518 students (46.5% girls), 8–12 years old. By using a structural equation modeling approach, path analysis was used to test the actual-perceived MC relationship and the mediating influence of social support on the perceived MC–PA relationship. Analyses were done with age and sex as covariates. (3) Results: The results showed a good model fit (CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.02), where actual MC was positively associated with perceived MC (ß = 0.26, p < 0.001), which in turn was positively related to social support (ß = 0.34, p < 0.001). The model showed the direct social support-PA path (ß = 0.42, p < 0.001) and the indirect path from perceived MC through social support to PA (ß = 0.14, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This study confirms that social support mediates the perceived MC–PA relationship. As such, it is not only important to build and develop children’s actual and perceived MC, but also to promote social support for PA engagement.
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López-Gil JF, Oriol-Granado X, Izquierdo M, Ramírez-Vélez R, Fernández-Vergara O, Olloquequi J, García-Hermoso A. Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association with Self-Regulation in Chilean Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5676. [PMID: 32781539 PMCID: PMC7460131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-regulation comprises a series of important competencies, such as the ability to control inner states or responses toward thoughts, attention, emotions, or even performance. The relationship between self-regulation and different healthy lifestyle behaviors among children has not been examined in depth to date. The aim of this study was to explore the association between physical activity, screen time levels, and/or Mediterranean Diet adherence and self-regulation in Chilean children. METHODS A total of 1561 children aged 8-12 years from eight public schools with low socioeconomic status were included. Physical activity, screen time, Mediterranean Diet, and self-regulation were assessed with validated questionnaires. RESULTS Children who were classified as active or those who reported less than 2 h per day of screen time had higher self-regulation than those who were classified as inactive or counterparts with 2 h per day or more of screen time, respectively. Using joint categories, active children both with low and high screen time showed higher self-regulation compared to inactive/high screen time peers. Additionally, active groups with adherence or non-adherence to the Mediterranean Diet had higher self-regulation compared to inactive and non-adherence peers. CONCLUSION Having a greater number of healthy habits, mainly regular physical activity, was associated with higher self-regulation, which might be one potential strategy to promote child social-emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30720 San Javier, Region of Murcia, Spain;
| | - Xavier Oriol-Granado
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, Fernández Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago 7550196, Chile;
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.I.); (R.R.-V.)
- GICAEDS Group, Faculty of Physical Culture, Sport and Recreation, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.I.); (R.R.-V.)
| | - Omar Fernández-Vergara
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 71783-5, Chile;
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (M.I.); (R.R.-V.)
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 71783-5, Chile;
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Tietjens M, Barnett LM, Dreiskämper D, Holfelder B, Utesch TO, Lander N, Hinkley T, Schott N. Conceptualising and testing the relationship between actual and perceived motor performance: A cross-cultural comparison in children from Australia and Germany. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1984-1996. [PMID: 32573357 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1766169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the relationship between motor skill, physical activity and fitness in children have not thoroughly considered the role of self-perception. Therefore, the study aim was to test a theoretical framework, which considered both actual and perceived motor skill as well as actual and perceived fitness. Potential moderating effects of sex and country were considered. Data on motor skill, fitness, as well as self-perception of motor skill and fitness were collected from 145 Australian children and 214 German children (age range 7 to 10 years). For actual motor skill and fitness, mean differences for sex, age and country were found. For perceived motor performance (perceived motor skill and perceived fitness) no mean differences were found for age. Path analyses were performed. The final model showed significant relations between actual performance (object control skill, fitness) and perceived performance (object control skill, fitness). All model paths had low to moderate regression weights with the lowest relationship reported between actual and perceived fitness. Sex and country showed no effects. This integrated approach has led to a better understanding of the relationship between children's perceived and objective performance, and cultural differences within them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition , Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Trina Hinkley
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition , Geelong, Australia
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