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Teece A, Beaven CM, Suppiah H, Argus CK, Gill N, Driller MW. Routine, Routine, Routine: Sleep Regularity and its Association with Sleep Metrics in Professional Rugby Union Athletes. Sports Med Open 2024; 10:51. [PMID: 38722443 PMCID: PMC11082106 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining a consistent sleep and wake time is often reported as a key component of circadian rhythmicity and quality sleep. However, the impact of sleep onset and offset time variability on overall sleep outcomes are underreported in elite athlete populations. This study investigated the relationship between sleep onset and offset time variability using the sleep regularity index (SRI) and measures of sleep and well-being in professional rugby union athletes. Twenty-three professional male rugby union athletes (mean ± SD, age: 23 ± 3 y) underwent sleep monitoring via wrist actigraphy for three weeks during a pre-season phase of training and completed a daily wellness questionnaire. Median SRI was calculated and used to stratify the trainees into two quantile groups: >76.4 SRI (Regular, n = 11) and < 76.4 SRI (Irregular, n = 12). RESULTS The regular sleep group showed significantly longer total sleep duration (p = 0.02, d = 0.97) compared to the irregular group (7:42 ± 0:29 vs. 7:18 ± 0:20 h: min per night, respectively). Furthermore, while not statistically significant, the regular sleep group showed greater sleep efficiency and less wake episodes compared to irregular sleepers, as demonstrated by moderate effect sizes (d = 0.71 and 0.69, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results from this study indicate that minimizing variability in sleep onset and offset time is beneficial for increasing sleep duration and may improve sleep efficiency during pre-season training in elite male rugby union athletes. This study provides evidence for the importance of including sleep-wake routines as a key component of sleep education interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Teece
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Chiefs Rugby Club, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Haresh Suppiah
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas Gill
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- New Zealand Rugby Union, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matthew W Driller
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Beníčková M, Gimunová M, Paludo AC. Effect of circadian rhythm and menstrual cycle on physical performance in women: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1347036. [PMID: 38720785 PMCID: PMC11076705 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1347036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature has extensively investigated potential factors influencing women's performance, including the menstrual cycle and the circadian rhythm. However, review articles exploring the combined influence of both factors remain lacking in the literature. The study aimed to systematically review the literature on the relationship between the circadian rhythm and menstrual cycle on physical performance in women. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed on the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar databases. Of the 1205 records identified, four articles met the inclusion criteria. From four articles, two studies found a significant interaction between the time of day and phase of the menstrual cycle with physical performance. The isometric strength increased in the afternoon in the mid-luteal phase (versus the morning in the mid-luteal phase, p < 0.05), and the maximum cycling power was higher in the afternoon in the mid-follicular phase (versus the morning in the mid-follicular phase, p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the time of day and the menstrual cycle phase affect physical performance, with the daytime potentially having a more significant influence. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited studies and diverse methodologies used to monitor the menstrual cycle phase. This review reinforces the need for further investigation to understand better the combined effects of the circadian rhythm and menstrual cycle on women's physical performance. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=380965, identifier CRD42022380965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Beníčková
- Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Gimunová
- Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ana Carolina Paludo
- Department of Sport Performance and Exercise Testing, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Hermassi S, Konukman F, Al-Marri SS, Hayes LD, Bartels T, Schwesig R. Associations between biological maturation, physical performance, postural control, and mathematical achievement in youth soccer players. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298301. [PMID: 38451897 PMCID: PMC10919613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation explored relationships between biological maturation, physical and academic performance in young male soccer players. Thirty-eight players (age: 9.79 ± 1.21 years; body mass index (BMI): 20.4 ± 2.39 kg/m2; body fat: 16.8 ± 2.21%) participated. Measures of anthropometry used for body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and BMI as well. Postural control, 15 m sprint, squat jumps and counter-movement jumps (SJ, CMJ), and T-half test for change-of-direction (CoD) were parameters of physical performance. The grade point average (GPA) of mathematics determined academic attainment. Moore's equations were used to estimate their maturity status (PHV). Biological maturation was highly correlated with most (not 15 m sprint) physical and academic performance parameters, especially CMJ (r = -0.812) and mathematics (r = -0.781). Academic performance showed the largest relations to the jumping performance (CMJ: r = 0.771; SJ: r = 0.723). In contrast, anthropometric and fatness parameters were not relevantly (r ≥ 0.5) correlated with any other parameters. The largest correlations were calculated for sitting height vs. SJ (r = -0.408), sitting height vs. postural control (r = -0.355), leg length vs. postural control (r = -0.339). As a result, it is essential to take biological maturation inconsideration while assessing the physical and academic achievement of young soccer players. In consequence, soccer coaches and physical education (PE) teachers should be cognizant of the impact of biological maturity on physical and academic performance to assist fair and equal opportunities for achievement in young players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhail Hermassi
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ferman Konukman
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bartels
- MVZ Sports Clinic Halle GmbH, Center of Joint Surgery, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chen IY, Radom-Aizik S, Stehli A, Palmer JR, Lui KK, Dave A, Chappel-Farley MG, Vinces KG, Gealer D, Lim A, Mander BA, Benca RM, Neikrug AB. Cardiorespiratory fitness and circadian rhythms in adolescents: a pilot study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:372-384. [PMID: 38126092 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00291.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an important marker of youth health, is associated with earlier sleep/wake schedule, its relationship with circadian rhythms is unclear. This study examined the associations between CRF and rhythm variables in adolescents. Eighteen healthy adolescents (10 females and 8 males; Mage = 14.6 ± 2.3 yr) completed two study visits on weekdays bracketing an ambulatory assessment during summer vacation. Visit 1 included in-laboratory CRF assessment (peak V̇o2) using a ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry protocol and gas exchange measurement, which was followed by 7-14 days of actigraphy to assess sleep/wake patterns and 24-h activity rhythms. During Visit 2, chronotype, social jetlag (i.e., the difference in midsleep time between weekdays and weekends), and phase preference were assessed using a questionnaire, and hourly saliva samples were collected to determine the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase. All analyses were adjusted for sex, pubertal status, and physical activity. Greater peak V̇o2 was associated with earlier sleep/wake times and circadian phase measures, including acrophase, UP time, DOWN time, last activity peak (LAP) time, and chronotype (all P < 0.05). Peak V̇o2 was negatively associated with social jetlag (P = 0.02). In addition, the mixed-model analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between peak V̇o2 and actigraphy-estimated hour-by-hour activity patterns (P < 0.001), with the strongest effects observed at around the time of waking (0600-1000). In healthy adolescents, better CRF was associated with an earlier circadian phase and increased activity levels notably during the morning. Future studies are needed to investigate the longitudinal effects of the interactions between CRF and advanced rhythms on health outcomes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In healthy adolescents, better cardiorespiratory fitness, as assessed by the gold standard measure [laboratory-based assessment of peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2)], was associated with earlier circadian timing of sleep/wake patterns, rest-activity rhythms and chronotype, and less social jetlag. These findings highlight the close interrelationships between fitness and rhythms and raise the possibility that maintaining higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels alongside earlier sleep/wake schedule and activity rhythms may be important behavioral intervention targets to promote health in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Annamarie Stehli
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jake R Palmer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kitty K Lui
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Abhishek Dave
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Karla G Vinces
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Daniel Gealer
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Alexandra Lim
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Ruth M Benca
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Ariel B Neikrug
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
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5
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Pradhan S, Parganiha A, Agashe CD, Pati AK. Circadian rhythm in sportspersons and athletic performance: A mini review. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:137-181. [PMID: 38247325 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2305663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in the physiological and behavioral processes of humans play a crucial role in the quality of living and also in the magnitude of success and failure in various endeavors including competitive sports. The rhythmic activities of the body and performance in sportspersons do have a massive impact on their every cutthroat competition. It is essential to schedule sports activities and training of players according to their circadian typology and time of peak performance for improved performance and achievement. In this review, the focus is on circadian rhythms and diurnal variations in peak athletic performance in sportspersons. Accuracy and temporal variability in peak performance in an individual could be attributed to various factors, namely chronotype, time of the day, body temperature, jetlag, hormones, and prior light exposure. Circadian rhythm of mood, alertness, T-core, and ultimately athletic performance is not only affected by sleep but also by circadian variations in hormones, such as cortisol, testosterone, and melatonin. There are, however, a few reports that are not consistent with the conclusions drawn in this review. Nevertheless, circadian rhythm and performance among sportspersons and athletes are important areas of research. This review might be useful to the managers and policymakers associated with competitive sports and athletic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddha Pradhan
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Arti Parganiha
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - C D Agashe
- School of Studies in Physical Education, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
- School of Comparative Indic Studies and Tribal Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences - Deemed to be a University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Odisha State Higher Education Council, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
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Drăgoi CM, Nicolae AC, Ungurianu A, Margină DM, Grădinaru D, Dumitrescu IB. Circadian Rhythms, Chrononutrition, Physical Training, and Redox Homeostasis-Molecular Mechanisms in Human Health. Cells 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38247830 PMCID: PMC10814043 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of physiological processes, human behavioral patterns, and social interactions are intricately governed by the complex interplay between external circumstances and endogenous circadian rhythms. This multidimensional regulatory framework is susceptible to disruptions, and in contemporary society, there is a prevalent occurrence of misalignments between the circadian system and environmental cues, a phenomenon frequently associated with adverse health consequences. The onset of most prevalent current chronic diseases is intimately connected with alterations in human lifestyle practices under various facets, including the following: reduced physical activity, the exposure to artificial light, also acknowledged as light pollution, sedentary behavior coupled with consuming energy-dense nutriments, irregular eating frameworks, disruptions in sleep patterns (inadequate quality and duration), engagement in shift work, and the phenomenon known as social jetlag. The rapid evolution of contemporary life and domestic routines has significantly outpaced the rate of genetic adaptation. Consequently, the underlying circadian rhythms are exposed to multiple shifts, thereby elevating the susceptibility to disease predisposition. This comprehensive review endeavors to synthesize existing empirical evidence that substantiates the conceptual integration of the circadian clock, biochemical molecular homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the stimuli imparted by physical exercise, sleep, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Manuela Drăgoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Alina Crenguţa Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Denisa Marilena Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Daniela Grădinaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
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Wang H, Jülich ST, Lei X. Functional Connectivity Between Default Mode and Ventral Attention Networks Mediates the Effects of Chronotype on Daily Physical Activity. Neuroscience 2023; 535:194-202. [PMID: 37935345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Daily physical activity (dPA) is closely related to circadian rhythm and chronotype. The functional connectivity (FC) within or between the default mode (DMN) and ventral attention network (vAN) were associated with dPA and chronotype. DMN-vAN FC was investigated for its role in chronotype and dPA. 153 participants completed the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), dPA was measured via actigraphy (5-day), and then resting-state fMRI scans were performed. rMEQ scores and steps recorded by the actigraphic devices (with each hour as the time window to calculate steps for five consecutive days per hour, subsequently yielding the maximum number of steps and its corresponding time, ie, SM and SMT) represent chronotype and dPA respectively. The results found that the rMEQ scores were significantly negatively correlated with SMT. The positive correlation between the rMEQ scores and the DMN-vAN FC was significant. There were also significant positive correlations between SMT and DMN-vAN FC. Further analysis revealed that DMN-vAN mediates the relationship between chronotype and SMT. The FC of DMN-vAN may be the underlying neural mechanism through which chronotype influences dPA. These findings could support the development of reasonable activity schedules or specific intervention programs to improve physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Simon Theodor Jülich
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Tinnion DJ, Marticorena FM, Dobson B, Hilton NP, Mc Naughton LR, Sparks SA. The blood acid base and gastrointestinal response to three different forms of sodium citrate encapsulation. Res Sports Med 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38018081 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2286357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Enterically coated (ENT) or delayed-release (DEL) capsules may lessen gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) following acute sodium citrate (SC) ingestion, although the effects on blood acid-base balance are undetermined. Fourteen active males ingested 0.4 g.kg-1 body mass (BM) SC, within gelatine (GEL), DEL and ENT capsules or 0.07 g.kg-1 BM sodium chloride control (CON). Blood acid-base balance and GIS were measured for 4 h. Ingestion form had no significant effect on total GIS experienced (GEL: 2 ± 7; DEL: 1 ± 8; ENT: 1 ± 4 AU). Most (7/14) participants experienced zero symptoms throughout. Peak GIS typically emerged ≤100 min post-ingestion, with a similar time to reach peak GIS between ingestion form (GEL: 36 ± 70; DEL: 13 ± 28; ENT: 15 ± 33 AU). Blood [HCO3-] was significantly higher with ENT versus GEL (ENT: 29.0 ± 0.8; GEL: 28.5 ± 1.1 mmol.L-1, P = 0.037). Acute ingestion of a reduced SC dose elicited minimal GIS, producing significant changes in blood [HCO3-] from rest, irrespective of ingestion form (GEL: 6.0 ± 0.9; DEL: 5.1 ± 1.0; ENT: 6.2 ± 0.8 mmol.L-1). The necessity of individualized ingestion strategies is also challenged, with sustained increases in blood [HCO3-] of ≥4 mmol.L-1 for up to 153 min highlighted. If commencing exercise at peak alkalosis augments subsequent performance above starting at a standardized time point where HCO3- is still elevated remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Tinnion
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK
| | - F M Marticorena
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Dobson
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK
| | - N P Hilton
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK
| | - L R Mc Naughton
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK
| | - S A Sparks
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill, Ormskirk, UK
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9
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Jastrzębska AD. Comparison of usefulness of two tests measuring anaerobic performance of untrained and soccer-training girls U12. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19498. [PMID: 37945713 PMCID: PMC10636031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) in anaerobic performance estimation in trained and untrained girls U12, and the effect of an 8-week training period in female U12 soccer players on anaerobic performance. A comparative study of two structurally different anaerobic tests was performed to reach the goal. The study was designed as a non-randomized, controlled before-and-after trial. Fourteen female soccer players (FSP) and twelve untrained girls (UNT) participated in the study. During that time, all participants were subjected to school's physical education classes and the FSP additionally participated in regular soccer training. The anaerobic performance was evaluated twice, within 8-weeks period, using the traditional Wingate test (WAnT) and the RAST. A significant increase in the anaerobic performance of the FSP was noted (p < 0.05). In both tests peak, average, and relative power were significantly improved (p < 0.005). Nevertheless, strong, statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients (0.50 < r < 0.70) were found for pre-training measurements between the WAnT and the RAST power parameters in absolute values. In UNT group significant improvement was found in peak, average and min power (p < 0.05) in the RAST. The improvement in anaerobic performance after training along with the strong correlation noted between the WAnT and the RAST power parameters prove the usefulness of the RAST in assessing anaerobic capacity in female youth athletes. Its simplicity encourages its use in monitoring anaerobic capacity in both trained and untrained girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Danuta Jastrzębska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland.
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Bougrine H, Salem A, Nasser N, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Ramadan Fasting and Short-Term Maximal Physical Performance: Searching for Optimal Timing of the Last Meal "Suhoor" in Female Pre-University Handball Players. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2160-2178. [PMID: 37887153 PMCID: PMC10606875 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to identify the ideal suhoor timing for maintaining optimal physical performance and health indicators during Ramadan intermittent fasting, the present study compares the effects of early vs. late Suhoor on short-term high-intensity physical exercise while controlling the body mass index (BMI) oral temperature (OT), dietary intake, and sleep patterns. In a randomized design, 19 female pre-university handball players (age: 16.8 ± 0.4 y; height: 1.70 ± 0.9 m; and body mass: 61.5 ± 6.9 kg) underwent two test sessions (at 08:00 a.m. and 05:00 p.m.) at four different conditions: ten days prior to Ramadan (R - 10), the final ten days of Ramadan (R) including both Early Suhoor R(ES) and Late Suhoor R(LS) conditions, and the ten days immediately following Ramadan (R + 10). A recovery period of at least 48 h has been set between successive test sessions at each period. Outcome measures included the Countermovement Jumps Test (CMJ), Modified Agility t-Test (MATT), Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), OT, BMI, and daily diary intake were assessed across the three periods. The total scores of PSQI decreased significantly during R and R + 10 compared to R - 10. When performed in the afternoon, CMJ, MATT, and RSA performance decreased significantly at R(ES) and R(LS) conditions compared to R - 10. However, these performances decreased only after R(ES) when performed in the morning. Furthermore, performances were lower during R(ES) compared to R(LS) in the afternoon for all tests and the morning for MATT and RSA tests. These findings support prior research showing a deterioration of physical performance during Ramadan fasting and indicate a more pronounced impact following early Suhoor condition. Therefore, consuming a late suhoor, closer to pre-dawn time, could be suggested as an effective strategy to minimize physical performance decline during short-term high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Gafsa, Gafsa University, Gafsa 2100, Tunisia
| | - Atef Salem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nidhal Nasser
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology, and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health, and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
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11
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Vidueira VF, Booth JN, Saunders DH, Sproule J, Turner AP. Circadian preference and physical and cognitive performance in adolescence: A scoping review. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1296-1331. [PMID: 37781788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period of development which coincides with changes in circadian rhythmicity. This may augment the impact of circadian preference on performance in this group. We aimed to scope the literature available on chronotypes and their effect on physical and mental aspects of performance in adolescents. Studies were identified by systematically searching bibliographical databases and grey literature. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was the most frequently reported tool for circadian preference assessment. Academic achievement was the most prevailing outcome, with evidence suggesting that morning type adolescents tend to outperform evening types, yet the results vary depending on multiple factors. Performance in tests of intelligence and executive functions was generally better at optimal times of the day (synchrony effect). Physical performance was examined in 8 studies, with very heterogeneous outcomes. Although the associations between circadian preference and performance in adolescents are evident in some areas, there are many factors that may be involved in the relationship and require further investigation. This review highlights the assessment of physical performance in relation to chronotypes, the multidimensional assessment of circadian preference, and the need for longitudinal studies as priorities for further research.Protocol: OSF Registration - Public registration, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UCA3Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Vidueira
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josie N Booth
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Education, Community and Society (IECS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Saunders
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Sproule
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Nobari H, Azarian S, Saedmocheshi S, Valdés-Badilla P, García Calvo T. Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19636. [PMID: 37809566 PMCID: PMC10558889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azarian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás García Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Bougrine H, Nasser N, Abdessalem R, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Pre-Exercise Caffeine Intake Attenuates the Negative Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Several Aspects of High-Intensity Short-Term Maximal Performances in Adolescent Female Handball Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:3432. [PMID: 37571369 PMCID: PMC10421416 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine whether, after Ramadan, pre-exercise caffeine intake can reduce any possible negative effects of this month on short-term maximal performances in young female handball players. A randomized study involved thirteen young female handball players. Participants performed a squat jump (SJ), Illinois agility test (AG), and 5 m run shuttles test (total (TD) and peak (PD) distances) at 08:00 AM and 06:00 PM on three different occasions: one week before Ramadan (Pre-R), the last week of Ramadan (R), and the week after Ramadan (Post-R). A placebo (Pla) or caffeine (Caff) (6 mg·kg-1) was administered 60 min before exercise test sessions at two distinct times of day (08:00 AM and 06:00 PM) during the two periods: Pre and Post-R. The PSQI and dietary intake were assessed during all testing periods. The results revealed that Pre-R, (SJ, AG, TD, and PD) test performances were greater in the evening (PM) than in the morning (AM) (all p < 0.001). However, compared with Pre-R, PM performances declined significantly during R (all p < 0.001) and Post-R (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, Pre-R, AM Caff produced moderate significant improvements compared with AM Pla, with small-to-no beneficial effects observed with PM Caff in SJ (4.8% vs. 1%), AG (1.8% vs. 0.8%), TD (2.8% vs. 0.3%), and PD (6% vs. 0.9%). Nevertheless, Caff produced moderate ergogenic effects during both AM and PM sessions during Post-R in SJ (4.4% vs. 2.4%), AG (1.7% vs. 1.5%), TD (2.9% vs. 1.3%), and PD (5.8% vs. 3%) with values approaching those of Pre-R Pla within the same time of day (p > 0.05, p > 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.05, respectively). In summary, pre-exercise Caff intake with a dose equivalent to 6 mg·kg-1 reduced the negative effects of Ramadan fasting in several aspects of short-term maximal performances in young female handball players at both times of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Nasser
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (H.B.); (N.N.); (R.A.); (H.C.); (N.S.)
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Mannouba 2010, Tunisia
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14
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Bruggisser F, Knaier R, Roth R, Wang W, Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Best Time of Day for Strength and Endurance Training to Improve Health and Performance? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37208462 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for physical exercise include information about the frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise. However, to date, there are no recommendations on what time of day one should exercise. The aim was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate if the time of day of exercise training in intervention studies influences the degree of improvements in physical performance or health-related outcomes. METHODS The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were that the studies conducted structured endurance and/or strength training with a minimum of two exercise sessions per week for at least 2 weeks and compared exercise training between at least two different times of the day using a randomized crossover or parallel group design. RESULTS From 14,125 screened articles, 26 articles were included in the systematic review of which seven were also included in the meta-analyses. Both the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis) provide little evidence for or against the hypothesis that training at a specific time of day leads to more improvements in performance-related or health-related outcomes compared to other times. There was some evidence that there is a benefit when training and testing occur at the same time of day, mainly for performance-related outcomes. Overall, the risk of bias in most studies was high. CONCLUSIONS The current state of research provides evidence neither for nor against a specific time of the day being more beneficial, but provides evidence for larger effects when there is congruency between training and testing times. This review provides recommendations to improve the design and execution of future studies on this topic. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021246468).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ciorciari A, Mulè A, Castelli L, Galasso L, Esposito F, Roveda E, Montaruli A. Sleep and chronotype influence aerobic performance in young soccer players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1190956. [PMID: 37250130 PMCID: PMC10213785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1190956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
People can be classified into three chronotypes (CT): morning-type (M-type), Neither-type (N-type) and Evening-type (E-type). M-types perform better in the morning, E-types in the evening. It seems that bad sleep worsens physical performance. The impact of sleep and CT on specific sports and populations is unclear. Therefore, we wanted to assess agility, strength and endurance in young soccer players in relation to their sleep and chronotype. 58 players (13-19 years) were recruited. Sleep and CT were assessed by questionnaires. The physical trial was performed at 8:30 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., and included three tests to determine agility, strength and endurance. The sample was classified by CT as M-types (n = 11), N-types (n = 29) and E-types (n = 18). Furthermore, they were categorized as people with Good Sleep/Wake quality (GSW, n = 28) and people with Bad Sleep/Wake quality (BSW, n = 30). Comparing the three CTs in the aerobic test, M-types performed better in the morning (p = 0.01), while E-types in the evening (p < 0.001). GSW performed better than BSW (p = 0.019) in the aerobic test in the p.m. session. These results underline the difference in aerobic power between M-and E-types during the morning and evening session; moreover, they show a difference in p.m. aerobic performance according to sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciorciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi—Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi—Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Galeazzi—Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
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16
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López-Samanes Á, Pérez-Lopez A, Morencos E, Muñoz A, Kühn A, Sánchez-Migallón V, Moreno-Pérez V, González-Frutos P, Bach-Faig A, Roberts J, Domínguez R. Beetroot juice ingestion does not improve neuromuscular performance and match-play demands in elite female hockey players: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1123-1130. [PMID: 36401662 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Beetroot juice is a dietary supplement that contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3-) and that its intake has proven effective at increasing blood nitric oxide (NO) concentrations improving endurance performance. However, the effect of this supplement in team sport performance, especially in female athletes, has been barely studied. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of beetroot juice supplementation on neuromuscular performance and match-play demands in elite female field hockey players. METHODS Eleven elite female hockey players (22.8 ± 5.1 years) belonging to a bronze team medal in Eurohockey Club Champions Cup participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups undergoing a test battery with beetroot juice (70 mL, 6.4 mmol NO3-) or placebo (70 mL, 0.04 mmol NO3-) in two different days with one week between protocols. The neuromuscular test battery consisted of a countermovement jump, isometric handgrip strength (i.e., dominant hand), 20 m-sprint and repeated sprint ability test (RSA). Afterward, a simulated hockey match play (2 × 12.5 min) was performed and recorded by Global Positioning System (GPS). RESULTS No statistically significant improvements were observed in any physical parameters analysed comparing beetroot juice compared to placebo ingestion, countermovement jump (p = 0.776, ES = 0.16), isometric handgrip strength (p = 0.829; ES = - 0.08), 20 m sprint test (p = 0.227; ES = - 0.23), mean repeated sprint ability (p = 0.955, ES = 0.03) and in any physical match demands measured by GPS (p = 0.243-1.000; ES = 0.02-0.47). CONCLUSION Acute beetroot juice supplementation did not produce any statistically significant improvement in neuromuscular performance or match-play demands in elite female field hockey players. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT05209139. The study was retrospectively registered by 26 January 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Samanes
- Exercise Physiology Group, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Pérez-Lopez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Área de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morencos
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- Exercise Physiology Group, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriaan Kühn
- Institute of International Politics, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Violeta Sánchez-Migallón
- Exercise Physiology Group, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno-Pérez
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Frutos
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Roberts
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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17
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Krueger B, Stutz B, Jankovic N, Alexy U, Kilanowski A, Libuda L, Buyken AE. The association of chronotype and social jet lag with body composition in German students: The role of physical activity behaviour and the impact of the pandemic lockdown. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279620. [PMID: 36630357 PMCID: PMC9833523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Young adults with a later chronotype are vulnerable for a discrepancy in sleep rhythm between work- and free days, called social jet lag (SJL). This study analysed (i) chronotype/SJL association with visceral fat/skeletal muscle mass, (ii) the attribution to physical activity behaviour, and (iii) chronotype-specific changes in physical activity behaviour in young adults during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. Chronotype and SJL were derived from the Munich-Chrono-Type-Questionnaire in 320 German students (age 18-25 years) from September 2019 to January 2020, 156 of these participated in an online follow-up survey in June 2020. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis at baseline. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to relate chronotype/SJL to body composition; the contribution of self-reported physical activity was tested by mediation analysis. At baseline, a later chronotype and a larger SJL were associated with a higher visceral fat mass (P<0.05), this relation was notably mediated by the attention to physical activity (P<0.05). Chronotype (P = 0.02) but not SJL (P = 0.87) was inversely associated with skeletal muscle mass. During the pandemic lockdown, chronotype hardly changed, but SJL was reduced. Timing and physical activity behaviour remained in most participants and changes were unrelated to chronotype (all P>0.07). A later chronotype/higher SJL may increase the risk of a higher visceral fat mass even in this relatively healthy sample, which may be partly due to their physical activity behaviour. Despite a reduction in SJL during the pandemic lockdown, later chronotypes did not change their physical activity behaviour more than earlier chronotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Krueger
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bianca Stutz
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences (IEL), Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Kilanowski
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anette E. Buyken
- Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Del Coso J, Aguilar-Navarro M, Varillas-Delgado D, Ruiz-Moreno C, López-Samanés Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Muñoz A. Does the Time of Day Play a Role in the Acute Effect of p-Synephrine on Fat Oxidation Rate during Exercise in Women? A Randomized, Crossover and Double-Blind Study. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36501060 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Synephrine is deemed a safe and effective substance to increase fat utilization during exercise of low-to-moderate intensity in men but not in women. Additionally, the existence of a diurnal variation in substrate utilization has been documented during exercise with enhanced fat oxidation in the evening compared with early morning. However, it remains unknown whether there is an interaction between the effect of p-synephrine and the time of the day on fat oxidation during exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the acute ingestion of 3 milligram of p-synephrine per kilogram of body mass (mg/kg) on fat oxidation during exercise of increasing intensity when the exercise is performed in the morning vs. the evening. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design, 16 healthy and active women performed four identical exercise trials after the ingestion of 3 mg/kg of p-synephrine and 3 mg/kg of a placebo (cellulose) both in the morning (8-10 am) and in the evening (5-7 pm). In the exercise trials, the substances were ingested 60 min before an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3 min stages at workloads from 30 to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Substrate oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry. In each trial, the maximum rate of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicited MFO (Fatmax) were measured. A two-way analysis of variance (time-of-the day × substance) was used to detect differences among the trials. With the placebo, MFO was 0.25 ± 0.11 g/min in the morning and 0.24 ± 0.07 g/min in the evening. With p-synephrine, MFO was 0.26 ± 0.09 g/min in the morning and 0.21 ± 0.07 g/min in the evening. There was no main effect of substance (p = 0.349), time of day (p = 0.186) and the substance × time of day (p = 0.365) on MFO. Additionally, Fatmax was reached at a similar exercise intensity with the placebo (41.33 ± 8.34% VO2max in the morning and 44.38 ± 7.37% VO2max in the evening) and with p-synephrine (43.33 ± 7.24% VO2max in the morning and 45.00 ± 7.43% VO2max in the evening), irrespective of the time of day with no main effect of substance (p = 0.633), time of day (p = 0.191), or interaction (p = 0.580). In summary, the acute intake of 3 mg/kg of p-synephrine before exercise did not increase MFO and Fatmax, independently of the time of day, in female athletes. This indicates that the time of day is not a factor explaining the lack of effectiveness of this substance to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in women.
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Alves Facundo L, Brant VM, Guerreiro RC, Andrade HDA, Louzada FM, Silva A, Mello MTD. Sleep regularity in athletes: Comparing sex, competitive level and sport type. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1381-1388. [PMID: 35950541 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2108716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to describe the athletes' sleep regularity using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) and determine whether factors, such as sex, competitive level and sport type, could affect the sleep/wake rhythm. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study consisting of 172 athletes (25 ± 7 y old; 45 women). Seventy-three competed in team sports and 99 in individual sports. Furthermore, 56 competed in the international level, 95 in the national and 21 in the regional. We recorded the SRI values for at least 5 d via continuous actigraphy. We recorded a mean SRI value of 73 ± 12. We found no significant differences between athletes' sleep parameters in relation to sleep regularity. Furthermore, SRI data showed no correlations (Spearman's ρ) with sleep parameters, bed time and wake time. Female athletes (p = 0.001) and individual sport athletes (p = 0.001) reported better sleep regularity than their counterparts. International-level athletes reported better sleep regularity than those in other competitive levels (national: p = 0.001; regional: p = 0.024). Our study showed that international level athletes, female athletes and individual sport athletes reported better sleep regularity. Additionally, SRI data showed no correlation with athletes' sleep parameters, bed and wake time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alves Facundo
- Center for Studies in Psychobiology and Exercise, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Valdênio Martins Brant
- Center for Studies in Psychobiology and Exercise, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Carvalho Guerreiro
- Center for Studies in Psychobiology and Exercise, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique de Araújo Andrade
- Center for Studies in Psychobiology and Exercise, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Silva
- Center for Studies in Psychobiology and Exercise, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Center for Studies in Psychobiology and Exercise, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Sports Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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20
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Bougrine H, Cherif M, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Can caffeine supplementation reverse the impact of time of day on cognitive and short-term high intensity performances in young female handball players? Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1144-1155. [PMID: 35603451 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2077747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS CAF: Caffeine PLC: Placebo SRT: Simple Reaction Time AT: Attention Test SJ: Squat Jump IAT: Illinois Agility Test OT: Oral Temperature QUEST: Questionnaire RPE: Rating of Perceived Exertion PD: Peak Distance TD: Total Distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Cherif
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia.,Sport Performance Research Unit, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar Saîd, Manouba University, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunisia
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21
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Robles-González L, Aguilar-Navarro M, López-Samanes Á, Ruiz-Moreno C, Muñoz A, Varillas-Delgado D, Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Helge JW, Ruiz JR, Amaro-Gahete FJ. No diurnal variation is present in maximal fat oxidation during exercise in young healthy women: a cross-over study. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:936-942. [PMID: 35437101 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2067007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) seems to show a diurnal variation in men, which favors an increased performance in the afternoon than the morning. At present, it remains unknown whether the observed MFO and Fatmax diurnal variation in men is also present in women. Therefore, the current study examined the diurnal variations of MFO and Fatmax in women. Nineteen healthy women (age: 26.9±8.7 years, maximum oxygen uptake: 39.8±6.5 ml/kg/min) participated in the study. MFO and Fatmax were determined by a graded exercise test in cycloergometer using a cross-over design performed on two separate daytime schedules, one conducted in the morning (8 am - 11 am) and one in the afternoon (5 pm - 8 pm). Stoichiometric equations were used to calculate fat oxidation rates. There were no significant differences between MFO-morning and MFO-afternoon (0.24±0.10 vs. 0.23±0.07 g/min, respectively; P=0.681). Similarly, there was no significant differences between Fatmax-morning and Fatmax-afternoon (41.1±4.7 vs. 42.6±5.5 % of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively; P=0.305). These results persisted after controlling for fat mass percentage (all P>0.5). In summary, the main finding of the present study was that MFO and Fatmax were similar independent of the time-of-day when the exercise test is performed in healthy women. These results have important clinical implications since they suggest that, in contrast to what was found in men, MFO and Fatmax show similar rates during the course of the day in women.Highlights MFO and Fatmax were similar during afternoon and morning in young healthy women.Our results suggest that, in women, it does not matter when endurance exercise is performed in term of fat metabolism during exercise.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT004320446..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Robles-González
- EFFECTS-262 Research group, Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Millán Aguilar-Navarro
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Álvaro López-Samanes
- Exercise Physiology Group, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Moreno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - David Varillas-Delgado
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín
- Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research group, Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Spain
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Simmons
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumona Mandal
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Paton
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Jurado-Castro JM, Campos-Pérez J, Vilches-Redondo MÁ, Mata F, Navarrete-Pérez A, Ranchal-Sanchez A. Morning versus Evening Intake of Creatine in Elite Female Handball Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010393. [PMID: 35010653 PMCID: PMC8744932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of evidence has been gathered on the use of creatine as an ergogenic supplement. Recent studies show greater benefits when creatine ingestion is performed close in time to training, but few studies tackle the way that circadian rhythms could influence creatine consumption. The aim of this study was therefore to observe the influence circadian rhythms exert on sports performance after creatine supplementation. Our method involved randomly assigning fourteen women players of a handball team into two groups in a single-blind study: one that consumed the supplement in the morning and one that consumed it in the evening, with both groups following a specific training program. After twelve weeks, the participants exhibited a decreased fat percentage, increased body weight and body water, and improved performance, with these results being very similar in the two groups. It is therefore concluded that, although circadian rhythms may influence performance, these appear not to affect creatine supplementation, as creatine is stored intramuscularly and is available for those moments of high energy demand, regardless of the time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Escuela Universitaria de Osuna (Centro Adscrito a la Universidad de Sevilla), 41640 Osuna, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.J.-C.); (A.R.-S.)
| | - Julián Campos-Pérez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rabanales University Campus, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - M Ángeles Vilches-Redondo
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Fernando Mata
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Nutrición (CEAN), 14010 Cordoba, Spain;
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ainoa Navarrete-Pérez
- Neuroplasticity and Oxidative Stress, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Antonio Ranchal-Sanchez
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.J.-C.); (A.R.-S.)
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