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Wang LA, Chuang YC, Yeh TK, Lin KP, Lin CJ, Liu PY. Talaromyces amestolkiae Infection in an AIDS Patient with Cryptococcal Meningitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:932. [PMID: 37755040 PMCID: PMC10532648 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent infections caused by multiple fungal pathogens in immunocompromised patients can pose diagnostic and treatment challenges. Here, we presented the first reported case in Taiwan of an AIDS patient who had concurrent infection with Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and Talaromyces amestolkiae lymphadenopathy. The patient presented with an enlarged inguinal lymph node and was diagnosed with T. amestolkiae lymphadenitis. The species T. amestolkiae was identified using DNA sequencing, which had the capability of differentiating it from other Talaromyces species. The patient was discharged from the hospital following treatment with amphotericin B and subsequent administration of voriconazole. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a suspicion of co-infections and utilizing appropriate diagnostic tools, such as DNA sequencing, to identify possible pathogens. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment for T. amestolkiae and other co-infecting fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-An Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kuang Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Genomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40706, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Huang H, Deng J, Qin C, Zhou J, Duan M. Disseminated Coinfection by Mycobacterium fortuitum and Talaromyces marneffei in a Non-HIV Case. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3619-3625. [PMID: 34526784 PMCID: PMC8435476 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s316881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) with weak pathogenicity. Here, we present a rare case of disseminated M. fortuitum and Talaromyces marneffei coinfection in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patient. Case Presentation A 28-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to 2 months of swelling of lymph nodes on the right side of her cervix, accompanied by repeated low fever for more than 1 month. Biopsy of the right cervical lymph node and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) both suggested granulomatous inflammation. The bacterial culture and mycobacteria examination of the lesion as well as HIV antibody test were all negative. Disseminated T. marneffei infection was diagnosed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results from the blood showing 1798 copies/ul. In the meantime, treatment with amphotericin B combined with cefoxitin was administered for suspected NTM infection. However, the once-dropped fever recurred and the lymph nodes continued to swell. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detection of the lymph nodes indicated M. fortuitum. After combination treatment with amphotericin B, voriconazole, linazolamide, and imipenem, the patient's body temperature returned to normal, the lymph node swelling was gradually reduced, and the lung lesion was absorbed. Conclusion We report the first case of an HIV-negative patient diagnosed with disseminated M. fortuitum and T. marneffei coinfection with nonspecific clinical manifestation, in order to heighten awareness of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangxi Autonomous Regional Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangxi Autonomous Regional Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchao Duan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Wuming Affiliated Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530199, People's Republic of China
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Surja SS, Adawiyah R, Houbraken J, Rozaliyani A, Sjam R, Yunihastuti E, Wahyuningsih R. Talaromyces atroroseus in HIV and non-HIV patient: A first report from Indonesia. Med Mycol 2021; 58:560-563. [PMID: 31504774 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed morphology, molecular study and antifungal susceptibility test on 10 Talaromyces sp. isolates: eight clinical isolates (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV-patient) and two isolates from rats. All strains produced red soluble pigment and microscopically showed Penicillium-like structure in room temperature and yeast-like structure in 37°C. Based on molecular analysis, nine isolates were identified as Talaromyces atroroseus (including the isolates from rats) and one as T. marneffei. Our susceptibility result of T. marneffei supports the use of amphotericin B, itraconazole for talaromycosis marneffei management. Talaromyces atroroseus showed variable MIC to echinocandin, azole derivatives, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Samuel Surja
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
| | - Robiatul Adawiyah
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | - Ridhawati Sjam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia
| | - Evy Yunihastuti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.,Rumah Sakit Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Retno Wahyuningsih
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fungal infections have steadily increased in incidence, emerging as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression. Simultaneously, we have witnessed a growing population of newly described inherited immune disorders that have enhanced our understanding of the human immune response against fungi. In the present review, we provide an overview and diagnostic roadmap to inherited disorders which confer susceptibility to superficial and invasive fungal infections. RECENT FINDINGS Inborn errors of fungal immunity encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders, some of which confer fungal infection-specific susceptibility, whereas others also feature broader infection vulnerability and/or noninfectious manifestations. Infections by Candida, Aspergillus, endemic dimorphic fungi, Pneumocystis, and dermatophytes along with their organ-specific presentations provide clinicians with important clues in the assessment of patients with suspected immune defects. SUMMARY The absence of iatrogenic risk factors should raise suspicion for inborn errors of immunity in children and young adults with recurrent or severe fungal diseases. Expeditious diagnosis and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy and management of complications are paramount to achieve remission of fungal disease in the setting of primary immunodeficiency disorders.
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Omar S, Jalaludin FA, Yee JM, Kamarudin Z, Jayaseelan K, Khlubi ANM, Madaki YL, Hassan H, Ramli MN, Topani R, Che-Amat A. Mycological isolation from animal enclosures and environments in National Wildlife Rescue Centre and National Zoo, Malaysia. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1236-1242. [PMID: 32641623 PMCID: PMC7468073 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to provide a baseline of fungal composition in the captive wildlife
environment to better understand their role in overall wildlife health. The objectives
were to identify species of fungi existing within wildlife animal enclosures and their
environment at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC) and the National Zoo, Malaysia
and to describe their medical and veterinary importance. Samples of air, wall or floor
swab, enrichment swab and soil were taken from the animal enclosures, exercise yard and
enrichments at NWRC and National Zoo respectively. All samples including those pre-treated
samples were plated onto Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Numerous fungi were grown on all
sampling SDA plates regardless by either single or multiple growth. Samples of air in both
NWRC and National Zoo had the highest growth of Penicillium spp. with a
prevalence of 31.2% and 83.7% respectively. Samples of swab from the wall, floor and
enrichments were predominantly by Candida spp. (42.6%) in NWRC and
Penicillium spp. (41.6%) in the National Zoo. Prevalence of multiple
fungi isolated from the soil samples in NWRC were 57.9% and yeast species was the most
common in National Zoo with a prevalence of 88.9%. Overall, 29 and 8 isolates were found
in both samples from the NWRC and National Zoo with a predominant species of potential
zoonotic fungi have been identified in both premises. The expected fungus
Aspergillus spp. was not isolated in all samples in NWRC. Prevalent
fungal species found in this study are known to cause disease in animals and humans as
primary pathogen and also as opportunistic pathogens that may also cause infection. Thus,
health safety precautions should be considered particularly in dealing with conservation
of endangered wildlife species, along with personnel and public involvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharina Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathiah Aqilah Jalaludin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jacqueline Meikwei Yee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Kamarudin
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), 35600 Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kavitha Jayaseelan
- Zoo Negara (National Zoo), Hulu Kelang, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aina Nazurah Mohd Khlubi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Lekko Madaki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasdi Hassan
- National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), 35600 Sungkai, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mat Naim Ramli
- Zoo Negara (National Zoo), Hulu Kelang, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Topani
- Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), KM 10 Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Che-Amat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sun BD, Chen AJ, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Wu WP, Wei HL, Zhou YG, Jiang XZ, Samson RA. New section and species in Talaromyces. MycoKeys 2020; 68:75-113. [PMID: 32733145 PMCID: PMC7360636 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.68.52092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces is a monophyletic genus containing seven sections. The number of species in Talaromyces grows rapidly due to reliable and complete sequence data contributed from all over the world. In this study agricultural soil samples from Fujiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Shandong, Tibet and Zhejiang provinces of China were collected and analyzed for fungal diversity. Based on a polyphasic approach including phylogenetic analysis of partial ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 gene sequences, macro- and micro-morphological analyses, six of them could not be assigned to any described species, and one cannot be assigned to any known sections. Morphological characters as well as their phylogenetic relationship with other Talaromyces species are presented for these putative new species. Penicillium resedanum is combined in Talaromyces section Subinflati as T. resedanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Da Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of MicrobiologyBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, ChinaInstitute of Materia MedicaBeijingChina
| | - Amanda J. Chen
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of MicrobiologyBeijingChina
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The NetherlandsWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Wen-Ping Wu
- Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Rd, Shangdi, Beijing, ChinaUnaffiliatedBeijingChina
| | - Hai-Lei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningBeijingChina
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of MicrobiologyBeijingChina
| | - Xian-Zhi Jiang
- Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, ChinaMicrobiome Research CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Robert A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The NetherlandsWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteUtrechtNetherlands
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Madhwal S, Prabhu V, Sundriyal S, Shridhar V. Ambient bioaerosol distribution and associated health risks at a high traffic density junction at Dehradun city, India. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:196. [PMID: 32086610 PMCID: PMC7087893 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traffic junctions are one of the crowded places where commuters are at high risk of developing respiratory infections, due to their greater exposure to airborne and human transmitted microbial pathogens. An airborne bioaerosol assessment study was carried out at a high traffic density junction focusing on their concentration, contribution in respirable particulate matter (PM), and factors influencing the distribution and microbial diversity. Andersen six-stage viable cascade impactor and a wide-range aerosol spectrometer were used for microbial and particulate matter measurements, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between bioaerosol concentration, vehicular count, PM concentration, and meteorological parameters. The mean bacteria concentration (1962.95 ± 651.85 CFU/m3) was significantly different than fungi (1118.95 ± 428.34 CFU/m3) (p < 0.05). The temporal distribution showed maximum concentration for bacteria and fungi during monsoon and postmonsoon seasons, respectively. In terms of bioaerosol loading, a considerable fraction of fungi (3.25%) and bacteria (5.65%) contributed to the total airborne PM. Most abundant bioaerosols were Aspergillus (27.58%), Penicillium (23%), and Cladosporium (14.05%) (fungi), and Micrococcus (25.73%), Staphylococcus (17.98%), and Bacillus (13.8%) (bacteria). Traffic-induced roadside soil resuspension and microbial aerosolizations from the human body were identified as the chief sources of bioaerosol emissions. The risk of lower respiratory tract infections caused by anthroponotic (human transmitted) transfer of bacterial pathogens is very high. The results of the study can be used to trace sources of microbial mediated communicable diseases, and to recommend appropriate safety measures to avoid pathogenic bioaerosol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Madhwal
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vignesh Prabhu
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Sangeeta Sundriyal
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vijay Shridhar
- Environmental Pollution Assessment Laboratory, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
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Li L, Chen K, Dhungana N, Jang Y, Chaturvedi V, Desmond E. Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Talaromyces marneffei and Related Species, California, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:1765-1768. [PMID: 31441765 PMCID: PMC6711226 DOI: 10.3201/eid2509.190380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei and other Talaromyces species can cause opportunistic invasive fungal infections. We characterized clinical Talaromyces isolates from patients in California, USA, a non-Talaromyces-endemic area, by a multiphasic approach, including multigene phylogeny, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and phenotypic methods. We identified 10 potentially pathogenic Talaromyces isolates, 2 T. marneffei.
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Tsang CC, Tang JY, Lau SK, Woo PC. Taxonomy and evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in the omics era - Past, present and future. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:197-210. [PMID: 30002790 PMCID: PMC6039702 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces are diverse, phenotypically polythetic genera encompassing species important to the environment, economy, biotechnology and medicine, causing significant social impacts. Taxonomic studies on these fungi are essential since they could provide invaluable information on their evolutionary relationships and define criteria for species recognition. With the advancement of various biological, biochemical and computational technologies, different approaches have been adopted for the taxonomy of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces; for example, from traditional morphotyping, phenotyping to chemotyping (e.g. lipotyping, proteotypingand metabolotyping) and then mitogenotyping and/or phylotyping. Since different taxonomic approaches focus on different sets of characters of the organisms, various classification and identification schemes would result. In view of this, the consolidated species concept, which takes into account different types of characters, is recently accepted for taxonomic purposes and, together with the lately implemented 'One Fungus - One Name' policy, is expected to bring a more stable taxonomy for Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces, which could facilitate their evolutionary studies. The most significant taxonomic change for the three genera was the transfer of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (e.g. the medically important thermally dimorphic 'P. marneffei' endemic in Southeast Asia is now named T. marneffei), leaving both Penicillium and Talaromyces as monophyletic genera. Several distantly related Aspergillus-like fungi were also segregated from Aspergillus, making this genus, containing members of both sexual and asexual morphs, monophyletic as well. In the current omics era, application of various state-of-the-art omics technologies is likely to provide comprehensive information on the evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces and a stable taxonomy will hopefully be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Y.M. Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K.P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C.Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bennett
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford
| | - Paul J Maglione
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale,Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Christa Zerbe
- The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland,Correspondence: Christa S. Zerbe, MD, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive Rm 12C110, Bethesda, MD 20892 ()
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Giardino G, Cicalese MP, Delmonte O, Migliavacca M, Palterer B, Loffredo L, Cirillo E, Gallo V, Violi F, Pignata C. NADPH Oxidase Deficiency: A Multisystem Approach. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:4590127. [PMID: 29430280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4590127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a complex system able to recognize a wide variety of host agents, through different biological processes. For example, controlled changes in the redox state are able to start different pathways in immune cells and are involved in the killing of microbes. The generation and release of ROS in the form of an “oxidative burst” represent the pivotal mechanism by which phagocytic cells are able to destroy pathogens. On the other hand, impaired oxidative balance is also implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory complications, which may affect the function of many body systems. NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays a pivotal role in the production of ROS, and the defect of its different subunits leads to the development of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The defect of the different NOX subunits in CGD affects different organs. In this context, this review will be focused on the description of the effect of NOX2 deficiency in different body systems. Moreover, we will also focus our attention on the novel insight in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and inflammation-related manifestations and on the protective role of NOX2 deficiency against the development of atherosclerosis.
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Abstract
Talaromyces strains isolated from maize seeds and the built environment were examined taxonomically because they could not be identified as previously described species. Using phenotypic analysis, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic and concordance analyses, the authors discovered and described 10 new species in sect. Islandici and 1 new species in sect. Subinflati. Taxonomic novelties in sect. Islandici are Talaromyces delawarensis, T. herodensis, T. juglandicola, T. kilbournensis, T. novojersensis, T. ricevillensis, T. rogersiae, T. siglerae, T. subtropicalis, and T. tiftonensis, and the species from sect. Subinflata is T. tzapotlensis. The isolate of T. siglerae is unusual in Talaromyces because it produced a Sagenomella-like anamorph, but phylogenetic analysis placed it in Talaromyces. Talaromyces rotundus is known from a few isolates, but searches with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences in GenBank revealed that it is commonly endolichenous with Lasallia hispanica. Talaromyces wortmannii also has a role as an endophyte of the aquatic plant Persicaria amphibia, based on ITS sequence records from GenBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Peterson
- a Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1815 North University Street , Peoria , Illinois 61604
| | - Željko Jurjević
- b EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North , Cinnaminson , New Jersey 08077
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Guevara-Suarez M, Sutton DA, Gené J, García D, Wiederhold N, Guarro J, Cano-Lira JF. Four new species of Talaromyces from clinical sources. Mycoses 2017; 60:651-662. [PMID: 28660627 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Talaromyces constitutes an important group of molds with species that are mainly found in soil, indoor environments and food products. Traditionally, it has been considered, together with Eupenicillium, the teleomorphic state of Penicillium. However, the taxonomy of these fungi has changed considerably, and Talaromyces currently includes sexually and asexually reproducing species. In a previous study of the occurrence of penicillium-like fungi from clinical samples in the USA, we used the combined phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA and β-tubulin (BenA) gene to identify 31 isolates of Talaromyces, 85 of Penicillium and two of Rasamsonia. However, seven isolates of Talaromyces were assigned to the corresponding sections but not to any particular species. In this study, we have resolved the taxonomy of these isolates through a multilocus sequence analysis of the ITS, fragments of the BenA, calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes, and a detailed phenotypic study. As a result, four new species are described and illustrated, ie Talaromyces alveolaris, T. georgiensis, T. minnesotensis and T. rapidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Guevara-Suarez
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Deanna A Sutton
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dania García
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - José F Cano-Lira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Abstract
Talaromyces contains both asexual and sexually reproducing species. This genus is divided in seven sections and currently has 105 accepted species. In this study we investigated the Talaromyces isolates that were obtained during a study of indoor air collected in Beijing, China. These indoor Talaromyces strains are resolved in four sections, seven of them are identified as T. islandicus, T. aurantiacus, T. siamensis and T. albobiverticillius according to BenA sequences, while 14 isolates have divergent sequences and are described here as nine new species. The new species are placed in four sections, namely sections Helici, Islandici, Talaromyces and Trachyspermi. They are described based on sequence data (ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2) in combination with phenotypic and extrolite characters. Morphological descriptions and notes for distinguishing similar species are provided for each new species. The recently described T. rubrifaciens is synonymised with T. albobiverticillius based on presented phylogenetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B D Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - J Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - N Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 230 Steacie Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Y G Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yilmaz N, Visagie CM, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Jacobs K, Samson RA. Taxonomic re-evaluation of species in Talaromyces section Islandici, using a polyphasic approach. Persoonia 2016; 36:37-56. [PMID: 27616787 DOI: 10.3767/003158516X688270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of Talaromyces rugulosus, T. wortmannii and closely related species, classified in Talaromyces sect. Islandici, is reviewed in this paper. The species of Talaromyces sect. Islandici have restricted growth on MEA and CYA, generally have yellow mycelia and produce rugulosin and/or skyrin. They are important in biotechnology (e.g. T. rugulosus, T. wortmannii) and in medicine (e.g. T. piceus, T. radicus). The taxonomy of sect. Islandici was resolved using a combination of morphological, extrolite and phylogenetic data, using the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) concept, with special focus on the T. rugulosus and T. wortmannii species complexes. In this paper, we synonymise T. variabilis, Penicillium concavorugulosum and T. sublevisporus with T. wortmannii, and introduce four new species as T. acaricola, T. crassus, T. infraolivaceus and T. subaurantiacus. Finally, we provide a synoptic table for the identification of the 19 species classified in the section.
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16
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Chowdhary A, Kathuria S, Agarwal K, Sachdeva N, Singh PK, Jain S, Meis JF. Voriconazole-Resistant Penicillium oxalicum: An Emerging Pathogen in Immunocompromised Hosts. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu029. [PMID: 25734109 PMCID: PMC4281804 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium species are rarely reported agents of infections in immunocompromised patients. We report 3 cases of invasive mycosis caused by voriconazole-resistant Penicillium oxalicum in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while on voriconazole therapy. Penicillium oxalicum has not been previously recognized as a cause of invasive mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shallu Kathuria
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Kshitij Agarwal
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis , Delhi , India
| | - Neelam Sachdeva
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre , Delhi , India
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre , Delhi , India
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
The genus Talaromyces was described by Benjamin in 1955 as a sexual state of Penicillium that produces soft walled ascomata covered with interwoven hyphae. Phylogenetic information revealed that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium and Talaromyces form a monophyletic clade distinct from the other Penicillium subgenera. Subsequently, in combination with the recent adoption of the one fungus one name concept, Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium was transferred to Talaromyces. At the time, the new combinations were made based only on phylogenetic information. As such, the aim of this study was to provide a monograph on Talaromyces applying a polyphasic species concept, including morphological, molecular and physiological characters. Based on an ITS, BenA and RPB2 multigene phylogeny, we propose a new sectional classification for the genus, placing the 88 accepted species into seven sections, named sections Bacillispori, Helici, Islandici, Purpurei, Subinflati, Talaromyces and Trachyspermi. We provide morphological descriptions for each of these species, as well as notes on their identification using morphology and DNA sequences. For molecular identification, BenA is proposed as a secondary molecular marker to the accepted ITS barcode for fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Yilmaz
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C.M. Visagie
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Peterson SW, Jurjević Z. Talaromyces columbinus sp. nov., and genealogical concordance analysis in Talaromyces clade 2a. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78084. [PMID: 24205102 PMCID: PMC3813520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of mold surveys, a set of Talaromyces isolates were obtained that did not fit any described species. Phenotypic examination of these isolates showed that they were similar to T. piceus but differed in some growth characteristics. Multilocus DNA sequence data were obtained for the new isolates and some related species in the broader, more inclusive clade, and the data were analyzed using genealogical concordance. The new isolates are described as Talaromyces columbinus. From analysis of the related species, Penicillium rugulosum var. atricolum is given species status in Talaromyces as T. atricola. Penicillium tardum and P. chrysitis were showed to be synonyms of T. rugulosus. Penicillium scorteum and T. phialosporus were showed to be conspecific and under the rule of priority T. scorteus is the proper name for isolates previously known as T. phialosporus. Talaromyces wortmanii was showed to be distinct from Penicillium concavorugulosum and T. variabilis but the relationship of the latter two species remains unresolved. Examination of ITS sequences from GenBank showed that T. columbinus has previously been reported from human lung infections under the name Penicillium piceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Peterson
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
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20
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Chen M, Houbraken J, Pan W, Zhang C, Peng H, Wu L, Xu D, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Liao W. Pulmonary fungus ball caused by Penicillium capsulatum in a patient with type 2 diabetes: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:496. [PMID: 24152579 PMCID: PMC3819729 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following the recent transfer of all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (including Talaromyces marneffei, formerly Penicillium marneffei), Penicillium species are becoming increasingly rare causal agents of invasive infections. Herein, we present a report of a type 2 diabetes patient with a fungus ball in the respiratory tract caused by Penicillium capsulatum. Case presentation A 56-year-old Chinese female gardener with a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes presented at the Shanghai Changzheng Hospital with fever, a cough producing yellow-white sputum, and fatigue. The therapeutic effect of cefoxitin was poor. An HIV test was negative, but the β-D-glucan test was positive (459.3 pg/ml). Chest radiography revealed a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe, and a CT scan showed globate cavities with a radiopaque, gravity-dependent ball. The histopathologic features of the tissue after haematoxylin-eosin staining showed septate hyphae. The fungus was isolated from the gravity-dependent ball and identified as Penicillium capsulatum based on the morphological analysis of microscopic and macroscopic features and on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequencing. After surgery, the patient was cured with a sequential treatment of fluconazole 400 mg per day for 90 days and caspofungin 70 mg per day for 14 days. Conclusions Although the prognosis is often satisfactory, clinicians, mycologists and epidemiologists should be aware of the possibility of infection by this uncommon fungal pathogen in diabetes patients, since it may cause severe invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts such as diabetes and AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Falcone EL, Holland SM. Invasive fungal infection in chronic granulomatous disease: insights into pathogenesis and management. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25:658-69. [PMID: 22964947 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328358b0a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a major cause of death in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We discuss the new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management of invasive fungal infections in patients with CGD. RECENT FINDINGS CGD has the highest prevalence of IFIs among the immunodeficiencies. Infections typically involve the lung, and the most commonly isolated pathogen is Aspergillus spp. However, IFIs due to rare opportunistic filamentous fungi are increasingly reported. Most IFIs are diagnosed on routine chest imaging, and serum markers such as galactomannan and 1,3-β-D-glucan are of limited value in CGD. Routine use of itraconazole for prophylaxis continues to be recommended, although posaconazole may be an alternative. Management of IFIs is typically centered on prolonged courses of antifungal therapy. Surgery may be required for complete resolution, especially in the setting of osteomyelitis or infections due to Aspergillus nidulans or other poorly responsive molds. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) cures CGD and may be appropriate in select patients with refractory IFIs. SUMMARY Management of IFIs in CGD has significantly improved over the last decade. Earlier diagnosis of IFIs, accurate identification of pathogens, and development of reliable susceptibility testing are areas for future emphasis. HSCT is a promising therapy, even during refractory infections in CGD.
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Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a congenital immunodeficiency, characterised by significant infections due to an inability of phagocyte to kill catalase-positive organisms including certain fungi such as Aspergillus spp. Nevertheless, other more rare fungi can cause significant diseases. This report is a systematic review of all published cases of non-Aspergillus fungal infections in CGD patients. Analysis of 68 cases of non-Aspergillus fungal infections in 65 CGD patients (10 females) published in the English literature. The median age of CGD patients was 15.2 years (range 0.1-69), 60% of whom had the X-linked recessive defect. The most prevalent non-Aspergillus fungal infections were associated with Rhizopus spp. and Trichosporon spp. found in nine cases each (13.2%). The most commonly affected organs were the lungs in 69.9%. In 63.2% of cases first line antifungal treatment was monotherapy, with amphotericin B formulations being the most frequently used antifungal agents in 45.6% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 26.2%. Clinicians should take into account the occurrence of non-Aspergillus infections in this patient group, as well as the possibility of a changing epidemiology in fungal pathogens. Better awareness and knowledge of these pathogens can optimise antifungal treatment and improve outcome in CGD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dotis
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a major threat for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients. The present study provides a comprehensive overview of published invasive fungal infections in the CGD host through an extensive review of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic data. In addition to the often mild clinical presentation, the currently used diagnostics for invasive aspergillosis have low sensitivity in CGD patients and cannot be easily translated to this non-neutropenic host. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. nidulans are the most commonly isolated species. A. nidulans infections are seldom reported in other immunocompromised patients, indicating a unique interaction between this fungus and the CGD host. The occurrence of mucormycosis is mainly noted in the setting of treatment of inflammatory complications with immunosuppressive drugs. Candida infections are infrequently seen and do not cause mucocutaneous disease but do show an age-dependent clinical presentation. The CGD patient is susceptible to a wide range of fungal pathogens, indicating the need to determine the causative fungus, often by invasive diagnostics, to guide optimal and rational treatment. This review summarizes current understanding of invasive fungal infections in patients with CGD and will serve as a starting point to guide optimal treatment strategies and to direct further research aimed at improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Henriet
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Agbetile J, Fairs A, Desai D, Hargadon B, Bourne M, Mutalithas K, Edwards R, Morley JP, Monteiro WR, Kulkarni NS, Green RH, Pavord ID, Bradding P, Brightling CE, Wardlaw AJ, Pashley CH. Isolation of filamentous fungi from sputum in asthma is associated with reduced post-bronchodilator FEV1. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:782-91. [PMID: 22515394 PMCID: PMC3509218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Fungal sensitization is common in severe asthma, but the clinical relevance of this and the relationship with airway colonization by fungi remain unclear. The range of fungi that may colonize the airways in asthma is unknown. Objective To provide a comprehensive analysis on the range of filamentous fungi isolated in sputum from people with asthma and report the relationship with their clinico-immunological features of their disease. Methods We recruited 126 subjects with a diagnosis of asthma, 94% with moderate-severe disease, and 18 healthy volunteers. At a single stable visit, subjects underwent spirometry; sputum fungal culture and a sputum cell differential count; skin prick testing to both common aeroallergens and an extended fungal panel; specific IgE to Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungi were identified by morphology and species identity was confirmed by sequencing. Four patients had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Results Forty-eight percent of asthma subjects were IgE-sensitized to one fungal allergen and 22% to ≥ 2. Twenty-seven different taxa of filamentous fungi were isolated from 54% of their sputa, more than one species being detected in 17%. This compared with 3 (17%) healthy controls culturing any fungus (P < 0.01). Aspergillus species were most frequently cultured in isolation followed by Penicillium species. Post-bronchodilator FEV1 (% predicted) in the subjects with asthma was 71(± 25) in those with a positive fungal culture vs. 83 (± 25) in those culture-negative, (P < 0.01). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance Numerous thermotolerant fungi other than A. fumigatus can be cultured from sputum of people with moderate-to-severe asthma; a positive culture is associated with an impaired post-bronchodilator FEV1, which might be partly responsible for the development of fixed airflow obstruction in asthma. Sensitization to these fungi is also common.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agbetile
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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27
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Galluzzo ML, Hernandez C, Davila MTG, Pérez L, Oleastro M, Zelazko M, Rosenzweig SD. Clinical and histopathological features and a unique spectrum of organisms significantly associated with chronic granulomatous disease osteomyelitis during childhood. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:745-9. [PMID: 18220479 DOI: 10.1086/527446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a combination of clinical, microbiologic, and histopathologic findings significantly associated with osteomyelitis in chronic granulomatous disease. When present, these features should raise the suspicion of underlying chronic granulomatous disease. In patients with these findings, anti-infective prophylactic measures aiming to cover highly prevalent microorganisms, as well as aggressive therapeutic measures, should be strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Galluzzo
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Abstract
Patients with phagocytic, cellular, combined and other primary immunodeficiencies exhibit immune deficits that confer increased susceptibility to fungal infections. A number of yeasts and moulds, most commonly Candida and Aspergillus but also Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium, Trichosporon, Penicillium and other, rarely isolated, fungal organisms, have been variably implicated in causing disease in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hyper-IgE syndrome, myeloperoxidase deficiency, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, defects in the interferon-gamma/interleukin-12 axis, DiGeorge syndrome, X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and common variable immunodeficiency. Differences in the spectrum of fungal pathogens as well as in the incidence and clinical presentation of the infections may be observed among patients, depending upon different immune disorders. Fungal infections in these individuals may occasionally be the presenting clinical manifestation of a primary immunodeficiency and can cause significant morbidity and potentially fatal outcome if misdiagnosed or mistreated. A high degree of suspicion is needed and establishment of diagnosis should actively be pursued using appropriate imaging, mycological and histological studies. A number of antifungal agents introduced over the last fifteen years, such as the lipid formulations of amphotericin B, the second-generation triazoles, and the echinocandins, increase the options for medical management of these infections. Surgery may also be needed in some cases, while the role of adjunctive immunotherapy has not been systematically evaluated. The low incidence of primary immunodeficiencies in the general population complicates single-center prospective or retrospective clinical studies aiming to address diagnostic or therapeutic issues pertaining to fungal infections in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Antachopoulos
- Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sierre S, Lipsich J, Santos P, Hernandez C, Siminovich M, Oleastro M, Zelazko M, Rosenzweig SD. Pulmonary fungal infection diagnosis in chronic granulomatous disease patients. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42:851-2. [PMID: 17659606 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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