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Nugraha AS, Agustina RP, Mirza S, Rani DM, Winarto NB, Triatmoko B, Pratama ANW, Keller PA, Wangchuk P. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Used by the Tenggerese Society in Java Island of Indonesia. Molecules 2022; 27:7532. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The archipelagic country of Indonesia is inhabited by 300 ethnic groups, including the indigenous people of Tengger. Based on the reported list of medicinal plants used by the Tengger community, we have reviewed each of them for their phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Out of a total of 41 medicinal plants used by the Tengerrese people, 33 species were studied for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties. More than 554 phytochemicals with diverse molecular structures belonging to different chemical classes including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and volatiles were identified from these studied 34 medicinal plants. Many of these medicinal plants and their compounds have been tested for various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, headache, antimalarial and hypertension. Five popularly used medicinal plants by the healers were Garcinia mangostana, Apium graveolens, Cayratia clematidea, Drymocallis arguta and Elaeocarpus longifolius. Only A. graviolens were previously studied, with the outcomes supporting the pharmacological claims to treat hypertension. Few unexplored medicinal plants are Physalis lagascae, Piper amplum, Rosa tomentosa and Tagetes tenuifolia, and they present great potential for biodiscovery and drug lead identification.
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Uto T, Ohta T, Nakayama E, Nakagawa M, Hatada M, Shoyama Y. Bioassay-guided Fractionation of Clove Buds Extract Identifies Eugenol as Potent Melanogenic Inducer in Melanoma Cells. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1403-1412. [PMID: 36047244 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clove, a dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, is used in traditional medicine, for culinary purposes, and in essential oil production. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo formulas, a methanol (MeOH) extract of clove buds was found to exhibit a melanin induction. To date, the effects of clove buds or their constituents on the activation of melanogenesis remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to isolate active compounds from the MeOH extract of clove buds associated with melanin synthesis in melanoma cells and to investigate the molecular mechanism involved. The MeOH extract of clove buds increased melanin content in murine B16-F1 melanoma cells. To identify the active compounds responsible for melanin induction, the MeOH extract was suspended in water and successively partitioned using hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). Comparative analysis revealed that the EtOAc fraction induced melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the EtOAc fraction isolated three compounds including eugenol. The analysis of structure-activity relationships of eugenol and structurally related compounds indicated that eugenol was the most potent melanin inducer among the 11 compounds, and that a hydroxyl group at C-1 and a methoxy group at C-2 may contribute to melanin induction. Eugenol induced melanin synthesis in human HMV-II melanoma cells as well as in B16-F1 cells. Further analysis indicated that eugenol may invoke intracellular tyrosinase activity and expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinaserelated protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). These results suggest that eugenol enhances melanin synthesis by upregulating the expression of MITF and subsequent expression of melanogenic enzymes, and that it may be a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Mina Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Maki Hatada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
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Panzella L, Napolitano A. Natural and Bioinspired Phenolic Compounds as Tyrosinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation: Recent Advances. Cosmetics 2019; 6:57. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common approaches for control of skin pigmentation involves the inhibition of tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme which catalyzes the key steps of melanogenesis. This review focuses on the tyrosinase inhibition properties of a series of natural and synthetic, bioinspired phenolic compounds that have appeared in the literature in the last five years. Both mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitors have been considered. Among the first class, flavonoids, in particular chalcones, occupy a prominent role as natural inhibitors, followed by hydroxystilbenes (mainly resveratrol derivatives). A series of more complex phenolic compounds from a variety of sources, first of all belonging to the Moraceae family, have also been described as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. As to the synthetic compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and chalcones again appear as the most exploited scaffolds. Several inhibition mechanisms have been reported for the described inhibitors, pointing to copper chelating and/or hydrophobic moieties as key structural requirements to achieve good inhibition properties. Emerging trends in the search for novel skin depigmenting agents, including the development of assays that could distinguish between inhibitors and potentially toxic substrates of the enzyme as well as of formulations aimed at improving the bioavailability and hence the effectiveness of well-known inhibitors, have also been addressed.
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Abstract
The investigation of chemical constituents from the leaves and seeds of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla resulted in the isolation of one new phenolic glycoside, vitexnegheteroin M (1), together with eleven known compounds (2-12). Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and by comparison with the literature. Among them, compound 3 was obtained from the Vitex genus for the first time, and compounds 4-8, and 10-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine microglial BV-2 cells. As the obtained results, compound 9 showed the strongest inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production in BV-2 cells with IC50 value ranging from 8.65 ± 0.67 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Research on Pathogenesis of Allergen Provoked Allergic Disease in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Guo-Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Research on Pathogenesis of Allergen Provoked Allergic Disease in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Pathogenesis of Allergen Provoked Allergic Disease in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
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Zaidi KU, Ali SA, Ali A, Naaz I. Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Role of Herbals in the Treatment of Hyperpigmentary Disorders. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:796-808. [PMID: 31244414 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190116101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous pigmentation plays critical role in determining the color of skin along with photo protection of skin from dreadful effects of ultraviolet radiations. Conversely, abnormal accumulation of melanin is responsible for hyper pigmentary disorders such as melasma, senile lentigines and freckles. Because of the visible nature of dermatologic diseases, they have a considerable psychosomatic effect on affected patients. Tyrosinase inhibitors are molecules that interrelate in some way with the enzyme to prevent it from working in the normal manner. Past many decades witnessed the quest for the development of natural tyrosinase inhibitors due to imperative role played by tyrosinase in the process of melanogenesis and fungi or fruit enzymatic browning. Mechanism of pigmentation is characterized by the intact process of the synthesis of specialized black pigment within melanosomes. Melanin is synthesized by a cascade of enzymatic and chemical reactions. For this reason, melanin production is mainly controlled by the expression and activation of tyrosinase. In the current article, we discussed tyrosinase inhibitors from the natural sources, which can be an essential constituent of cosmetics products and depigmenting agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Uddin Zaidi
- Biotechnology Pharmacology Laboratory CSRD, Peoples University, Bhanpur Bhopal 462037, India
| | - Sharique A Ali
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology and Zoology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Ayesha Ali
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology and Zoology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Ishrat Naaz
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology and Zoology, Saifia College of Science Bhopal 462001, India
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Boo YC. p-Coumaric Acid as An Active Ingredient in Cosmetics: A Review Focusing on its Antimelanogenic Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E275. [PMID: 31382682 PMCID: PMC6720745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling unwanted hyperpigmentation is a major challenge in dermatology and cosmetology, and safe and efficacious antimelanogenic agents are deemed useful for this purpose. p-Coumaric acid is a natural metabolite contained in many edible plants, and its antioxidant activities in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions have been demonstrated in various experimental models. p-Coumaric acid has the optimal structure to be a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase that catalyzes key reactions in the melanin biosynthetic pathway. Experimental evidence supports this notion as it was found to be a more potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, especially toward human enzymes, than other well-known tyrosinase inhibitors such as arbutin and kojic acid. p-Coumaric acid inhibited melanin synthesis in murine melanoma cells, human epidermal melanocytes, and reconstituted three-dimensional human skin models. Ex-vivo skin permeation experiments and in-vivo efficacy tests for p-coumaric acid confirmed its efficient transdermal delivery and functional efficacy in reducing erythema development and skin pigmentation due to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Human studies further supported its effectiveness in hypopigmentation and depigmentation. These findings suggest that p-coumaric acid has good potential to be used as a skin-lightening active ingredient in cosmetics. Future studies are needed to extensively examine its safety and efficacy and to develop an optimized cosmetic formulation for the best performance in skin lightening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
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Lee TK, Kang HR, Kim KH. A new feruloyl glyceride from the roots of Asian rice ( Oryza sativa ). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2018; 28:421-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lee SJ, Sim GY, Lee Y, Kim BG, Ahn JH. Engineering of Escherichia coli for the synthesis of N-hydroxycinnamoyl tryptamine and serotonin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:1551-1560. [PMID: 28819877 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize various phenol amides. Among them, hydroxycinnamoyl (HC) tryptamines and serotonins exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic activities. We synthesized HC-tryptamines and HC-serotonin from several HCs and either tryptamine or serotonin using Escherichia coli harboring the 4CL (4-coumaroyl CoA ligase) and CaHCTT [hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A:serotonin N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase] genes. E. coli was engineered to synthesize N-cinnamoyl tryptamine from glucose. TDC (tryptophan decarboxylase) and PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) along with 4CL and CaHCTT were introduced into E. coli and the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway of E. coli was engineered. Using this strategy, approximately 110.6 mg/L of N-cinnamoyl tryptamine was synthesized. By feeding 100 μM serotonin into the E. coli culture, which could induce the synthesis of cinnamic acid or p-coumaric acid, more than 99 μM of N-cinnamoyl serotonin and N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Young Sim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshim Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Forest Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangman-do, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Ferri M, Graen-Heedfeld J, Bretz K, Guillon F, Michelini E, Calabretta MM, Lamborghini M, Gruarin N, Roda A, Kraft A, Tassoni A. Peptide Fractions Obtained from Rice By-Products by Means of an Environment-Friendly Process Show In Vitro Health-Related Bioactivities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170954. [PMID: 28125712 PMCID: PMC5268429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the isolation of new health-related bioactive molecules derived from agro-food industrial by-products by means of environment-friendly extraction processes has become of particular interest. In the present study, a protein by-product from the rice starch industry was hydrolysed with five commercial proteolytic enzymes, avoiding the use of solvents or chemicals. The digestion processes were optimised, and the digestates were separated in fractions with four different molecular weight ranges by using a cross-flow membrane filtration technique. Total hydrolysates and fractions were tested in vitro for a wide range of biological activities. For the first time rice-derived peptides were assayed for anti-tyrosinase, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and irritation capacities. Antioxidant and anti-hypertensive activities were also evaluated. Protamex, Alcalase and Neutrase treatments produced peptide fractions with valuable bioactivities without resulting cytotoxic or irritant. Highest levels of bioactivity were detected in Protamex-derived samples, followed by samples treated with Alcalase. Based on the present results, a future direct exploitation of isolated peptide fractions in the nutraceutical, functional food and cosmetic industrial fields may be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Ferri
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jürgen Graen-Heedfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Bretz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Oberhausen, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicolò Gruarin
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Axel Kraft
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Tassoni
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
Phytoalexins are inducible secondary metabolites possessing antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Rice produces a wide array of phytoalexins in response to pathogen attacks and environmental stresses. With few exceptions, most phytoalexins identified in rice are diterpenoid compounds. Until very recently, flavonoid sakuranetin was the only known phenolic phytoalexin in rice. However, recent studies have shown that phenylamides are involved in defense against pathogen attacks in rice. Phenylamides are amine-conjugated phenolic acids that are induced by pathogen infections and abiotic stresses including ultra violet (UV) radiation in rice. Stress-induced phenylamides, such as N-trans-cinnamoyltryptamine, N-p-coumaroylserotonin and N-cinnamoyltyramine, have been reported to possess antimicrobial activities against rice bacterial and fungal pathogens, an indication of their direct inhibitory roles against invading pathogens. This finding suggests that phenylamides act as phytoalexins in rice and belong to phenolic phytoalexins along with sakuranetin. Phenylamides also have been implicated in cell wall reinforcement for disease resistance and allelopathy of rice. Synthesis of phenolic phytoalexins is stimulated by phytopathogen attacks and abiotic challenges including UV radiation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that biosynthetic pathways including the shikimate, phenylpropanoid and arylmonoamine pathways are coordinately activated for phenolic phytoalexin synthesis, and related genes are induced by biotic and abiotic stresses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ho Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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Brkljača R, White JM, Urban S. Phytochemical Investigation of the Constituents Derived from the Australian Plant Macropidia fuliginosa. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:1600-1608. [PMID: 26151487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study of the flowers and bulbs derived from the Australian plant Macropidia fuliginosa, involving hyphenated spectroscopic methodologies (HPLC-NMR and HPLC-MS), together with conventional isolation strategies, resulted in the identification of 16 constituents (1, 2, 4-17) representative of six different structural classes. Six new compounds (12-17) were identified from the bulbs of the plant. The isolated compounds were assessed for antimicrobial activity, and compound 8 was found to be more potent against P. aeruginosa than ampicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brkljača
- †School of Applied Sciences (Discipline of Chemistry), Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- ‡School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sylvia Urban
- †School of Applied Sciences (Discipline of Chemistry), Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi), RMIT University, GPO Box 2476 V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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