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Terefe B, Techane MA, Assimamaw NT. Comprehensive Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Associated Factors of HIV/AIDS in Gondar City Public Health Facilities Among HIV Testing and Counselling Service Users, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022; an Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:713-726. [PMID: 38090476 PMCID: PMC10712675 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s441447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cause of HIV transmission is a failure to deliver proper HIV/AIDS information, which is a major public health issue in low- and middle-income nations. While global health coverage continues, there is still little understanding of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, and there is a data gap. As a result, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge among HIV testing and counselling (HTC) service users in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2022. About 423 clients were included. Data on HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and behavior were collected. Stata 17 was used to analyze. A pre-tested questionnaires were used. Using ordinal logistic regression model, variables having p values of 0.2 and <0.05 were chosen as a candidate variable in binary and final model. RESULTS The total knowledge, favorable attitude, and good behaviors of HIV/AIDS were approximately 258 (61%), 220 (52%), and 210 (49.5%), respectively. Being male (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.28-3.01), age from 31 to 35 years (AOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.88-4.18), and above 36 years old (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.98-3.44), primary (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.67-3.20), and higher education (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.03-3.01), employed (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09, 3.37), and media exposure (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.21, 3.61) were factors associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS, respectively. CONCLUSION The study participants' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding HIV/AIDS were rather low. Since HIV/AIDS is still a major public health issue, if the concerned body uses and designs media effectively, encouraging females to attend school, it will have a better chance of combating HIV/AIDS by increasing their knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bewuketu Terefe
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Asmare Techane
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Tezera Assimamaw
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Devanathan AS, Dumond JB, Anderson DJC, Moody K, Poliseno AJ, Schauer AP, Sykes C, Gay CL, Rosen EP, Kashuba ADM, Cottrell ML. A Novel Algorithm to Improve PrEP Adherence Monitoring Using Dried Blood Spots. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:896-903. [PMID: 36622798 PMCID: PMC10023501 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tenofovir diphosphate (TFVdp; an active metabolite of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)) is measured in dried blood spots (DBS) to estimate adherence. However, TFVdp's long half-life in whole blood may lead to misclassification following a recent change in adherence. PrEP's other metabolite, emtricitabine triphosphate (FTCtp), has a shorter half-life in whole blood but adherence thresholds are undefined. We characterized DBS TFVdp and FTCtp concentrations across many dosing scenarios. Population pharmacokinetic models were fit to TFVdp and FTCtp DBS concentrations from a directly observed therapy study (NCT03218592). Concentrations were simulated for 90 days of daily dosing followed by 90 days of 1 to 7 doses/week and for event-driven PrEP (edPrEP) scenarios. Thresholds of 1,000 and 200 fmol/punch, for TFVdp and FTCtp, respectively, were reflective of taking 4 doses/week (a minimum target for effective PrEP in men). TFVdp was < 1,000 fmol/punch for 17 days after initiating daily PrEP and > 1,000 fmol/punch for 62 days after decreasing to 3 doses/week. Respectively, FTCtp was < 200 fmol/punch for 4 days and > 200 fmol/punch for 6 days. Accuracy of edPrEP adherence classification depended on duration between last sex act and DBS sampling for both measures with misclassification ranging from 9-100%. These data demonstrate adherence misclassification by DBS TFVdp for 2 months following a decline in adherence, elucidating the need for FTCtp to estimate recent adherence. We provide proof of principle that individualized interpretation is needed to support edPrEP adherence monitoring. Our collective approach facilitates clinicians' ability to interpret DBS results and administer patient-centric interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Devanathan
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie B. Dumond
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daijha JC Anderson
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Moody
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda J. Poliseno
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda P. Schauer
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig Sykes
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Gay
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elias P. Rosen
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela DM Kashuba
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Ukaegbu E, Alibekova R, Ali S, Crape B, Issanov A. Trends of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among Nigerian women between 2007 and 2017 using Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:440. [PMID: 35246087 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, Nigeria ranks third among the countries with the highest number of People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Given that HIV/AIDS knowledge is a key factor that determines the risk of transmission and certain attitudes towards PLHIV, there is a need to understand the trend of HIV knowledge within the population for the purpose of assessing the progress and outcome of HIV prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to understand the trends of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards PLHIV between 2007 to 2017 among Nigerian women, and to investigate change in the factors associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards PLHIV over years. Methods Data were derived from three Nigerian Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2007, 2011 and 2016–2017) among women aged 15–49 years old from each geo-political zone (South South, South East, South West, North East, North West, North Central) in Nigeria. Participants who did not answer questions related to HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude were excluded from the study. The final sample sizes were 17,733 for 2007, 26,532 for 2011 and 23,530 for 2017. In descriptive statistics, frequencies represented the study sample, while percentages represented weighted estimates for the population parameters. Rao-Scott chi-square test for complex survey design studies was used to assess bivariable associations. Factors associated with outcome variables were examined using the survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression models for the complex survey design while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results There was a relatively high level of HIV/AIDS knowledge level in 2007 and 2016–2017 surveys (64.6 and 64.1%, respectively), however a decrease in HIV/AIDS knowledge trend was observed in 2011 (45.6%). The positive attitude towards PLHIV progressively increased across the years (from 40.5 to 47.0% to 53.5%). Multivariable analysis revealed that women who had a higher educational level, higher wealth index, and lived in urban areas had higher odds for HIV/AIDS knowledge and positive attitude towards PLHIV across the years. In addition, the Northern zones had predominantly higher knowledge and attitude levels. Conclusions Our study found increasing tendency for high HIV/AIDS knowledge and positive attitude towards PLHIV over the years. Women’s age, wealth index, education level and residence were consistently associated with knowledge and attitude over the years. There is a need for more pragmatic HIV/AIDS-related knowledge action plan to target to cover all age groups, all geo-political zones while paying close attention to the rural areas and the less educated women. In addition, more replicative studies of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude trends is crucial in monitoring of the progress of HIV interventions in the country in the coming years.
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Ferreira GRON, de Oliveira IS, Freitas WLS, Lira ALBDC, Reis RK, Gir E, Ramos AMPC, Gonçalves LHT, Botelho EP. Factors associated with low knowledge about sexually transmitted infections in subnormal agglomerate, in the Brazilian Amazon. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2021; 22:e70. [PMID: 34763742 PMCID: PMC8628559 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423621000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban areas are more vulnerable to infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In these groups, inadequate knowledge about sexually transmitted infections can further increase the risk of contracting STIs. AIM We investigated the factors associated with low knowledge about STIs in a peripheral population in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, in the Amazon region that has a high percentage of subnormal agglomerates in an urban area and a high incidence of STIs. Random sampling was adopted which resulted in a sample of 320 participants. To assess knowledge about STIs, the self-administered Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire was used. To assess aspects of vulnerability, a questionnaire was constructed which is linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. The chi-square test, G test, and ordinal regression analyses were all performed. FINDINGS The sample of this study was composed of 320 participants. The mean age of the participants was 46.09 years. 37.5% (120), 50.6% (162), and 11.9% (38) showed low, medium, and high knowledge, respectively. Multiple analysis revealed that the factors associated with higher chance of having smaller knowledge about sexually transmitted infections were single/separated/divorced/widow(er) marital status (AOR: 1.80, CI: 1.15-2.84, P = 0.01); income equal to or less than one minimum wage (1.98, CI: 1.21-3.17, P = 0.00); equal to or over than 52 years old (AOR: 1.99, CI: 1.25-3.17, P = 0.00); lack of guidance by a health professional (AOR: 1.59, CI: 1.01-2.51, P = 0.04). Our results show that this community suffer from suboptimal levels of knowledge on STIs, which are linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. Characterising the risk and vulnerabilities factors allows for carrying out appropriate interventions for populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renata Karina Reis
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elucir Gir
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Kefale B, Damtie Y, Yalew M, Adane B, Arefaynie M. Predictors of Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15-49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2020; 12:449-456. [PMID: 32982472 PMCID: PMC7509684 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s266539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV/AIDS has been a big public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Comprehensive knowledge is a basis for the prevention, control and treatment of HIV/AIDS. Several studies were focused only on the individual-level characteristics. However, comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS is a multi-factorial understanding on a different level. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the individual- and community-level factors that determine comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. METHODS This study used data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 25,927 (weighted) people aged 15-49 years were included in the study. A two-stage stratified cluster was used. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression was used to identify predictors of comprehensive knowledge on HIV/AIDS. RESULTS Various individual- and community-level factors were associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. From individual-level factors such as sex (male), educational status (educated), media exposure, and ever been tested for HIV, and from community-level factors such as place of residence (urban) and region (developed region) were predictors of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION Both individual- and community-level factors were identified as predictors of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The government should design strategies to address the HIV/AIDS knowledge gaps among women and other underprivileged population sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Kefale
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayish Damtie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Yalew
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Adane
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Arefaynie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Adejumo OA, Bowale A, Adesola S, Adepoju VA, Shogbamimu Y, Dacosta A, Seidu L, Disu OAA, Omikunle TO, Abinde O, Oshindero OA. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV INFECTION AMONG CLIENTS ACCESSING HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING SERVICES IN A SECONDARY REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA. Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 14:16-23. [PMID: 32064452 PMCID: PMC7011158 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v14i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV counselling and testing (HCT) provides an opportunity for people to learn more about the human immune deficiency virus (HIV). This study assessed the knowledge of, and factors associated with, HIV infections among clients assessing HCT services referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of records of clients who assessed HCT services at Mainland Hospital Lagos, Nigeria, between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, was done. Multivariate analysis was done to identify the factors associated with HIV infection and knowledge of HIV. Results A total of 4273 clients were screened for HIV within the study period. The mean age of clients was 38.5±14.4. Male: Female ratio was 1:0.87. The prevalence of HIV infection was 19%. Factors associated with HIV infection were: age above 24 years, being female (AOR 1.6 95% CI 1.4-2.0, p<0.001), previous marriage (divorced, widowed, separated) (AOR 2.3 95% CI 1.7- 3.3, p<0.001) and poor knowledge of HIV (AOR 2.9 95% CI 2.2-3.6, p<0.001). Males were 15 times more likely to have good knowledge of HIV than females (AOR 14.5 95% CI 10.5- 20.0, p<0.001). In addition, the clients who were single (AOR 3.6 95% CI 2.4-5.4, p<0.001) and married (AOR 3.9 95% CI 2.9-5.3, p<0.001) were four times more likely to have good knowledge of HIV than clients who were previously married. Conclusion More proactive measures are required to educate the public, especially women who were previously married, on HIV transmission and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Adedeji Adejumo
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja, Lagos,Nigeria.,Directorate of Disease Control, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Yeside Shogbamimu
- Directorate of Disease Control, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Bowelo M, Rakgoasi SD, Keetile M. Partner faithfulness and sexual reproductive health practices in Botswana: does perception of partner infidelity influence sexual risk behaviours of people aged 10-34 years? J Biosoc Sci 2020; 52:547-59. [PMID: 31610819 DOI: 10.1017/S0021932019000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to test whether perception of partner infidelity prompts people to adopt behaviour that is meant to compensate for the increased risk of infection posed by their partner's infidelity; or whether it prompts people to engage in behaviour that magnifies the risk associated with partner infidelity. Data used were derived from the fourth and latest Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS IV) conducted in 2013. The sample consisted of 6985 people aged 10-34 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with perception of partner infidelity and sexual risk behaviours. Perception of partner infidelity with the current and most recent partner was 39.6% while perception of partner infidelity with other previous sexual partners was 79.9%. The main socio-demographic factors associated with perception of partner infidelity were being a man, being single and having secondary education, while sexual risk behaviours associated with perception of partner infidelity were having multiple sexual partners and being involved in multiple concurrent sexual partnerships. These relationships were statistically significant at the 5% level. Botswana's HIV prevention strategies should seek to improve partner communication within relationships in order to enhance people's confidence and skills so as to minimize perceptions of infidelity.
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Yaya S, Ghose B, Udenigwe O, Shah V, Hudani A, Ekholuenetale M. Knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS among women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:111-117. [PMID: 30053009 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious public health and social problems. Promoting knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS is a key strategy to control the prevalence of this growing epidemic. This study aimed to measure knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS along with the factors of association Nigerian women. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the 2013 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) conducted among community dwelling women in Nigeria. A set of 13 questions was identified relevant to knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS. Each correct answer was scored as 1 and wrong answer as '0'. Normality of the variables was examined using Shapiro-Wilks tests. The socioeconomic and community factors associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude were examined by linear regression with dummy variables model. Results Means score (SD) on knowledge of transmission was 6.4 (2.0) and that for attitude was 2.1 (1.2). In the regression models, knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS were positively associated with survey years and respondents' age; geographical region was significantly associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude; rural respondents had significant reduction in knowledge [Exp(B)=0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.83-0.89] and positive attitude to HIV/AIDS [Exp(B)=0.91; 95% CI=0.89-0.93] compared with the urban counterpart, respectively. Conclusion Findings of the present study suggested that women's knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS in Nigeria needs more attention to attain the global target to end its epidemics and other communicable diseases by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ogochukwu Udenigwe
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vaibhav Shah
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alzahra Hudani
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Ekholuenetale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Abstract
HIV testing among men is critical to ending the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2016/2017, we examined the uptake and determinants of HIV testing among sexually active men in Nigeria. A total of 1254 young people (15-24 years) and 7866 adults (25-49 years) were included in the analysis. We conducted binary logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR for testing for HIV in the last 12 months preceding the survey. Approximately 18.7% of men had tested for HIV (young people [17%] vs. adult [19%], p=0.125). The overall adjusted model showed that the likelihood of HIV testing was significantly higher among those with at least primary education, currently married, who used condom at last sexual intercourse, who drank alcohol one month preceding the survey, with no discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV), exposed to media, in the rich and richest quintiles, and in the North Central Zone. Education, geopolitical zone, and discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV were the significant factors common to both age groups. Our results suggest that HIV testing among sexually active men in Nigeria is low, and the determinants vary between young people and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babayemi O Olakunde
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Daniel A Adeyinka
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,National AIDS & STIs Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John O Olawepo
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Caritas Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Jennifer R Pharr
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Serbessa MK. Vulnerability to HIV infection among the Borana pastoral community of Southern Ethiopia: a persisting challenge. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2019; 11:69-76. [PMID: 31114390 PMCID: PMC6478428 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s193035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Vulnerability to HIV infection is a major concern in an effort to control further infections. What drives vulnerability among pastoral settings of Ethiopia is not well documented. Objectives This study aims to identify drivers of vulnerability to HIV infection among the Borana pastoral community of Ethiopia. Methods Data were collected during 2008–2009 as part of a PhD work and subsequently in 2014 and 2016, during a follow-up visit to Borana. Data on perceived threats of HIV, facilitators of vulnerability, coping mechanisms and perceived consequences were collected by trained research assistants using topic guides developed for this purpose. In-depth and key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with selected married men and women, opinion leaders, and HIV focal persons of public sectors and Non Governmental Organizations in Teltele, Arero, Yabelo and Moyale were carried out. Sample transcripts were checked for consistency and completeness before data collection was completed. Two qualitative researchers read transcripts and suggested themes and subthemes in reference to the objective of the study. Transcripts were imported to MAXQDA software. Thematic analysis was applied to reduce data into defined themes. Findings were interpreted following the objective of the study. Findings The results show that HIV is a major threat in Borana with individual and community level consequences. Concurrent extramarital sexual practices, men’s role in the selling of livestock and consequent encounters with “other” women facilitate vulnerability to HIV. Lack of information about HIV, availability and use of condoms, and failure to use local resources for HIV prevention were key limitations to coping with the problem. After nearly 40 years of HIV intervention in Ethiopia, coping mechanisms are not exploited in Borana. Conclusion Vulnerability to HIV among the Borana pastoral community is facilitated by multiple factors that work in tandem, thus calling for interventions that address the different factors at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirgissa Kaba Serbessa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
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