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Chan JK, Marzuki AA, Vafa S, Thanaraju A, Yap J, Chan XW, Harris HA, Todi K, Schaefer A. A systematic review on the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and emotional disorder symptoms during Covid-19: unearthing the potential role of economic concerns and financial strain. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:237. [PMID: 38671542 PMCID: PMC11046828 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 has disrupted the lives of many and resulted in high prevalence rates of mental disorders. Despite a vast amount of research into the social determinants of mental health during Covid-19, little is known about whether the results are consistent with the social gradient in mental health. Here we report a systematic review of studies that investigated how socioeconomic condition (SEC)-a multifaceted construct that measures a person's socioeconomic standing in society, using indicators such as education and income, predicts emotional health (depression and anxiety) risk during the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined which classes of SEC indicators would best predict symptoms of emotional disorders. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted search over six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, etc., between November 4, 2021 and November 11, 2021 for studies that investigated how SEC indicators predict emotional health risks during Covid-19, after obtaining approval from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288508). Using Covidence as the platform, 362 articles (324 cross-sectional/repeated cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal) were included in this review according to the eligibility criteria. We categorized SEC indicators into 'actual versus perceived' and 'static versus fluid' classes to explore their differential effects on emotional health. RESULTS Out of the 1479 SEC indicators used in these 362 studies, our results showed that 43.68% of the SEC indicators showed 'expected' results (i.e., higher SEC predicting better emotional health outcomes); 51.86% reported non-significant results and 4.46% reported the reverse. Economic concerns (67.16% expected results) and financial strains (64.16%) emerged as the best predictors while education (26.85%) and living conditions (30.14%) were the worst. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes how different SEC indicators influenced emotional health risks across 98 countries, with a total of 5,677,007 participants, ranging from high to low-income countries. Our findings showed that not all SEC indicators were strongly predictive of emotional health risks. In fact, over half of the SEC indicators studied showed a null effect. We found that perceived and fluid SEC indicators, particularly economic concerns and financial strain could best predict depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings have implications for policymakers to further understand how different SEC classes affect mental health during a pandemic in order to tackle associated social issues effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Kei Chan
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Sunway University Malaysia, Room: 4-4-11, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aleya A Marzuki
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Samira Vafa
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arjun Thanaraju
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jie Yap
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Xiou Wen Chan
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Atasha Harris
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khushi Todi
- Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre Schaefer
- Department of Psychology, Sunway University Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, No 5, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Quang Dao P, Dat PT, Khoa NN. Anxiety as a mediator in the relationship between the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2526-2536. [PMID: 36878882 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2188231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the effects of the pandemic on quality of life; both economical and psychosocial effects were explored. Some studies also mentioned mediating factors as mechanisms in this relationship; however, the mediating role of anxiety has not been examined. The present study examined the mediating effects of anxiety on the relationship between socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 and quality of life. An online survey of 280 Vietnamese residents was conducted in the context of the pandemic outbreak. Anxiety was found to be a completely mediating variable in the association between the socioeconomic impact of the pandemic and quality of life during the lockdown period. This finding contributes to a better understanding of how the pandemic affects people's quality of life and serves as the foundation for lessening the negative effects of the epidemic on people's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Quang Dao
- Faculty of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Pham Tien Dat
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Khoa
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Nguyen LX, Dao LTD, Ta AN, Le HT, Nguyen HV, Nguyen LTM, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Ta TC, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT, Huynh TA, Hoang AQ, Duong LTH, Do LH, Pham NT. Anxiety and associated factors among Vietnamese students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33559. [PMID: 37083771 PMCID: PMC10118042 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health care for students in general, particularly anxiety, is a significant problem that needs more attention, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of anxiety and examine the associated factors among students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2021 among 5730 students. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic information, and the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms among Vietnamese students. Results showed that the prevalence of anxiety among study participants was 16.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.3%-17.2%). Factors related to anxiety among students were gender, type of housemate, COVID-19 exposure/infection status, vaccination status, health status, academic performance, and social relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant number of students experienced anxiety during COVID-19, and this rate was related to several factors. Psychological interventions are required to support students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and other health crises. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xuan Nguyen
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Dieu Dao
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Nhat Ta
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thanh Le
- Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Nguyen Van Linh Street, Xuan Hoa Ward, Phuc Yen City, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Van Nguyen
- Hanoi National University of Education, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Mai Nguyen
- Institute of Psychology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Lieu Giai, Ba Đinh, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thi Nguyen
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Thi Nguyen
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Chi Ta
- Hanoi Metropolitan University, Quan Hoa Ward, Cau Giay Dist, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Tuan Anh Huynh
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Quynh Hoang
- Hanoi National University of Education, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Ly Hoang Do
- FPT Polytechnic College, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam
| | - Nam Tien Pham
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Delpino FM, da Silva CN, Jerônimo JS, Mulling ES, da Cunha LL, Weymar MK, Alt R, Caputo EL, Feter N. Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:272-282. [PMID: 36096370 PMCID: PMC9462928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uncertainty, disruptions in daily routines, and concerns for the health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely associated with increases in generalized anxiety. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature in order to identify the update prevalence of anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis. It included studies that assessed the prevalence of anxiety among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In total, we included 194 studies. The general prevalence of anxiety was 35.1 %, affecting approximately 851,000 participants. The prevalence in low and middle-income countries (35.1 %; 95%CI: 29.5 % to 41.0 %) was similar compared to high-income countries (34.7 %; 95%CI: 29.6 % to 40.1 %). In studies that provided the proportion of cases in each level of anxiety disorder, mild-to-moderate anxiety affected one quarter of the participants. One in ten cases with anxiety during the COVID-19 may be living with severe or extremely anxiety disorder. Most instruments estimated similar prevalence of anxiety disorders with notable difference in the prevalence estimated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). CONCLUSION One in three adults were living with anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Jeferson Santos Jerônimo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliete Stark Mulling
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Leal da Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Krause Weymar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Caputo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Nam PT, Dung NH, Liem NK, Hung NT, Giang TS, Trang VT, Lan NTM, Thi Diem Ngoc TH, Long NX, Tung TV, Hoang LT, Phuong NT, Tuyen NTT, Thu VNA, Ly DKK, Dung V, Vui LT. Anxiety among hospital social workers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic: Suggestions for social work administration. International Journal of Mental Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2022.2084671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pham Tien Nam
- Department of Social Work, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hanh Dung
- Graduated Faculty, University of Languages and International Studies, Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Khac Liem
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tuan Hung
- Department of Personnel and Organisation, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Vu Thu Trang
- Faculty of Psychology – Education, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Nguyen Xuan Long
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Languages and International Studies, Hanoi National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Van Tung
- Faculty of Sociology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Tu Hoang
- Faculty of Basic Science, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Social Work, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Dang Kim Khanh Ly
- Faculty of Sociology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Dung
- Institute of Psychology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Vui
- Department of Population – Reproductive Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Pappa S, Chen J, Barnett J, Chang A, Dong RK, Xu W, Yin A, Chen BZ, Delios AY, Chen RZ, Miller S, Wan X, Zhang SX. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the mental health symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:41-50. [PMID: 34704305 PMCID: PMC8661667 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Covid-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the mental health of the general public and high-risk groups worldwide. Due to its proximity and close links to China, Southeast Asia was one of the first regions to be affected by the outbreak. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia in the general adult population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Southeast Asia during the course of the first year of the pandemic. METHODS Several literature databases were systemically searched for articles published up to February 2021 and two reviewers independently evaluated all relevant studies using pre-determined criteria. The prevalence rates of mental health symptoms were calculated using a random-effect meta-analysis model. RESULTS In total, 32 samples from 25 studies with 20 352 participants were included. Anxiety was assessed in all 25 studies and depression in 15 studies with pooled prevalence rates of 22% and 16%, respectively. Only two studies assessed insomnia, which was estimated at 19%. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was similar among frontline HCWs (18%), general HCWs (17%), and students (20%) while being noticeably higher in the general population (27%). CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review to investigate the mental health impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia. A considerable proportion of the general population and HCWs reported mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression; the pooled prevalence rater, however, remain significantly lower than those reported in other areas such as China and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pappa
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Anabel Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Wen Xu
- Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bryan Z Chen
- Crescent Valley High School, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Saylor Miller
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Xue Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen X Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Nguyen HL, Tran OT, Ha DA, Phan VH, Nguyen CT, Nguyen GH, Nguyen TT, Chiriboga G, Goldberg RJ, Allison JJ. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical research activities: Survey of study participants and health care workers participating in a hypertension trial in Vietnam. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253664. [PMID: 34264973 PMCID: PMC8282007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound worldwide impact. Vietnam, a lower middle-income country with limited resources, has successfully slowed this pandemic. The objectives of this report are to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the research activities of an ongoing hypertension trial using a storytelling intervention in Vietnam. METHODS Data were collected in a mixed-methods study among 86 patients and 10 health care workers participating in a clinical trial designed to improve hypertension control. Several questions related to the impact of COVID-19 on patient's daily activities and adherence to the study interventions were included in the follow-up visits. A focus group discussion was conducted among health care workers to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on research related activities. RESULTS Fewer patients in the intervention group reported that they faced difficulties in adhering to prescribed study interventions, wanted to receive a call from a dedicated hotline, or have a visit from a community health worker as compared with those in the comparison group. Most study patients are willing to participate in future health research studies. When asked about the potential use of mobile phones in health research studies, fewer patients in the intervention group felt comfortable using a mobile phone for the delivery of intervention and interviews compared with those in the comparison condition. Community health workers shared that they visited patient's homes more often than previously due to the pandemic and health care workers had to perform more virus containment activities without a corresponding increase in ancillary staff. CONCLUSIONS Both patients and health care workers in Vietnam faced difficulties in adhering to recommended trial interventions and procedures. Multiple approaches for intervention delivery and data collection are needed to overcome these difficulties during future health crises and enhance the implementation of future research studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03590691 (registration date July 17, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa L. Nguyen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Oanh T. Tran
- HealthStrategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc A. Ha
- HealthStrategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van H. Phan
- HealthStrategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Germán Chiriboga
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Goldberg
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroan J. Allison
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hung NT, Trang VT, Van Tung T, Long NX, Thu HT, Giang TS, Ngoc THTD, Mai VTT, Oanh NK, Phuong NT, Van NHN, Dung NH, Nam PT. COVID-19-related music-video-watching among the Vietnamese population: lessons on health education. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:428-438. [PMID: 34395693 PMCID: PMC8334633 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health education through music video plays a vital role in raising a person's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors positively connected to health during COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19-related music-video-watching and examine associated factors among the Vietnamese population. Methods A cross-sectional study in Vietnam was conducted in February 2021 via the Internet. Results Among 658 participants, the prevalence of COVID-19-related music-video-watching was 89.1% among people. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors for COVID-19-related music-video-watching were living area, types of housemate, age groups, and current occupation. Conclusions Lessons on health education to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam could be useful for similar settings in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vu Thu Trang
- Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Van Tung
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Long
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Thu
- Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nguyen Hanh Dung
- University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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