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Abdul Aziz AF, Ong T. Prevalence and associated factors of burnout among working adults in Southeast Asia: results from a public health assessment. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1326227. [PMID: 38550314 PMCID: PMC10972957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1326227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted the mental health crisis among employees worldwide. However, burnout research is often industry- or occupation-specific, and limited knowledge currently exists on the prevalence of burnout in the general working population of Southeast Asia. This study aims to examine the prevalence of employee burnout and its associated factors among working adults in Southeast Asia using secondary data. 4,338 full-time employees aged 18-65 years old living in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia were assessed for burnout, depression, anxiety, stress, and sociodemographic characteristics as part of an online public health assessment in October 2022. The prevalence of burnout in the region was 62.91%. Burnout was highest among employees in the Philippines (70.71%) and lowest in Malaysia (58.13%). Experiencing burnout was associated with severe or extremely severe depression (AOR = 6.48 [95% CI = 5.06-8.33]), anxiety (AOR = 2.22 [1.74-2.85]), and stress (AOR = 5.51 [4.13-7.39]). Working more than 50 hours a week (AOR = 1.38 [1.04-1.82]) and being very dissatisfied with the job led to higher odds of burnout (AOR = 16.46 [8.99-30.53]). Alarmingly, more than half of working adults in the region are reporting increased levels of burnout, and improving employee mental health and work conditions may be key to improving employee burnout in the region. Findings contribute to existing research on burnout prevalence in the region and provide more comprehensive insights into understanding the factors driving employee burnout in the working population of Southeast Asia 2 years after the onset of the pandemic.
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Song YY, Xu L, Liu D, Feng M, Yang C, Jiang Y, Wu Y. Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Their Associated Factors Among Chinese Residents After the Lifting of the Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5921-5934. [PMID: 38106974 PMCID: PMC10725747 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s442093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose China lifted its strict zero-Covid approach on December 7, 2022. This study aimed to investigate depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations among Chinese residents after the change in public policy. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 925 Chinese residents (726 females and 199 males) was recruited using convenience and snowball sampling approach between 16 and 25 December 2022. Participants completed online questionnaires on basic information, depression, anxiety, COVID-19 related perceptions, and protective behaviors change. Results Mild and moderate-to-severe depression symptoms were reported by 35.6% and 19.1% of participants, respectively. Nearly 40% of participants reported mild anxiety and 18.7% reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender, younger age, the presence of chronic disease, poorer self-rated mental health status, perceived impact, and worry were risk factors for both depression and anxiety, while higher education and protective behaviors change were protective factors. Besides, living with or caring for children (4-6 years), family members or other housemates currently with influenza-like symptoms, and perceived severity were also risk factors for depression. Conclusion Our findings provided initial evidence that Chinese residents may face heightened depression and anxiety during the early stage after the policy was released. Furthermore, we identified some vulnerable populations in need of prioritizing mental health assistance and some potentially modifiable factors associated with depression and anxiety, which provides an important guide for developing timely and effective psychological interventions and preparing for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Nursing/Evidence-Based Nursing Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Febrinasari N, Widayanti AW, Prabandari YS, Satibi S. Role and challenges of community pharmacists in managing mental health care in Indonesia: A mix-method study. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 89:103773. [PMID: 37827062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to explore roles and challenges faced by Indonesian community pharmacists in mental healthcare management. A sequential mixed method study was conducted. This study found that drug counselling as a pharmaceutical care service that is often given to patients with mental disorder. Nonetheless, inadequate training and concern of psychotropic drug abused were identified as a major barrier hindering effective service delivery. These finding suggests that there is a need for pharmacists to gain additional education and training in mental health, as well as implement a system that integrates patient medical records across all healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Febrinasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Yogyakarta, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Anna Wahyuni Widayanti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yayi Suryo Prabandari
- Department Health Behaviour, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Satibi Satibi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Budzyńska N, Moryś J. Stress, Burnout, and General Mental Health among Healthcare Workers in Poland during the Long-Lasting COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2617. [PMID: 37830654 PMCID: PMC10572419 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical professions are characterized by a great responsibility for human health and life; they are also vulnerable to burnout. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges and threats. This study aimed to assess the mental health of healthcare workers after a year and a half of working in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were utilized in this cross-sectional investigation. A total of 335 healthcare employees from Polish hospitals (median age 44 years) filled out online questionnaires between the 16 August 2021 and the 30 March 2022. Most of the sample was female (86%). In this study, 40.0% of the surveyed healthcare workers reported a high stress intensity. Burnout was reported by 9.6% of the workers, and the most frequently experienced symptom was psychophysical exhaustion. Almost half of the healthcare workers surveyed (49.6%) reported health disorders at both the mental and physiological levels. Interestingly, working in a COVID-19 ward did not significantly differentiate healthcare workers in any of the evaluated variables: PSS-10 (gr. A F = 1.21; gr. B F = 0.71; p > 0.05), LBQ (gr. A F = 1.89, F = 0.94, F = 1.08, F = 2.57; gr. B F = 0.32, F = 1.14, F = 0.77, F = 0.36; p > 0.05), and GHQ-28 (gr. A F = 0.85, F = 0.52, F = 0.57, F = 0.31; gr. B F = 0.31, F = 0.06, F = 0.06, F = 0.54; p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the compared occupational groups of healthcare workers: PSS-10 (F = 1.08; p > 0.05) and GHQ-28 (F = 1.78; F = 0.85; F = 0.62; F = 0.54; p > 0.05). The mental health of healthcare workers is alarming, and psychophysical conditions can affect the quality of work and relations with patients. Psychological care in workplaces and workshops that build resources for dealing with difficult situations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Budzyńska
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Moya-Salazar J, Chiu-Higa E, Jaime-Quispe A, Cañari B, Moya-Espinoza JG, Contreras-Pulache H. Quality of life in families under quarantine: a cross-sectional study in seven countries during the first outbreak of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238569. [PMID: 37732081 PMCID: PMC10508986 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being worldwide in unforeseen ways. In early 2020, the spread of the virus left its mark on every affected country, impacting mental health by limiting daily activities and causing fatalities amidst public health strategies to mitigate its impact. The influence of COVID-19 on the quality of life (QoL) may vary between countries, underscoring the need to examine its effects on individuals and families during the mandatory home quarantine. We aimed to assess the QoL of individuals and families during home isolation by COVID-19 lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2020. We included adult partners (≥18 years) of families from Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Japan, Peru, Russia, and Venezuela. Using the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire we assess the impact of COVID-19 on their partner/family member's QoL. Results The survey was completed by 466 participants (mean age = 38.59 ± 13.75 years; females = 298) and 76% worked mostly as health professionals from South America (69.2%), Europe (18.4%), and Asia (12.4%). The WHOQOL-BREF mean score from 38.38 ± 11.55 (range = 22.8-43.4). The average quality of life in South America (41.9 ± 1.2) was significantly higher than that of European countries (30.9 ± 11.5) (p = 0.002). The social relations dimension was the only one with values close to 100 (mean = 83.3) in 6/7 evaluated countries, where only Spain had a low score (41 ± 33.12). Women had a slightly lower quality of life than men, but it was not significant (40.2 ± 8.8 vs. 41.5 ± 9.9, p = 0.354), while we found differences in the overall QoL between young and older, and by employment type (p < 0.05). According to family structure, we found differences on QoL between nuclear and siblings' families (p = 0.024). Conclusion Families from seven countries of three continents reported poor QoL during the first outbreak of COVID-19. The pandemic scenario has dramatically weakened the QoL in 3/4 dimensions, where social relationships have remained high. It is important to fully address the impact of this reduced QoL on families after several waves of infection and to provide comprehensive support in the post-COVID future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Erika Chiu-Higa
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Jaime-Quispe
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
- Digital Transformation Center, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
- Digital Transformation Center, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Moya-Salazar J, Jaime-Quispe A, Cañari B, Moya-Espinoza JG, Contreras-Pulache H. A systematic review of mental health in rural Andean populations in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136328. [PMID: 37663592 PMCID: PMC10470633 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has been causing mental health problems around the world, with rural and indigenous peoples likely to be the most affected. This systematic review synthesizes and critically analyzes the existing literature on mental disorders in the rural Andean population in Latin America. Methods A systematic review with narrative synthesis was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched nine databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS, and Latindex), five public prepublication servers (SocArXiv, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SportRXiv, and Preprints), ALICIA, and Google Scholar for articles that included the analysis of mental health problems using data collected from the rural Andean population in Latin America. These were eligible for inclusion. Articles that included Non-Latin American populations (including European or African migrants) and studies conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (since the declaration of national lockdown) were excluded. Results A total of 23,761 articles were retrieved, 14 of which met the inclusion requirements. Most were cross-sectional (n = 12) and related to anxiety (n = 9), depression (n = 8), and stress (n = 5). The mental health analysis of 5,976 rural dwellers from four countries in Latin America also included gray literature studies (n = 7) that allowed the quantification of mental health problems in adults (n = 7) and adolescents/children (n = 4). Only one study was multinational, and the quality of publications varied. Despite the high frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms among rural Latin American populations during COVID-19, published research is very limited. This review found preliminary evidence that the frequency of anxiety (45%), depression (27.6%), and stress (33.1%) in the rural population was associated with pandemic restrictions across countries. Measures of other psychiatric problems, such as distress or suicidal ideation, cannot be estimated. Conclusion Regional-wide studies investigating changes in the frequency of symptoms of mental health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are warranted to inform culturally adapted prevention strategies. This study is limited to a narrative synthesis and may be subject to publication bias. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=320489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Jaime-Quispe
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Hans Contreras-Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Weber M, Burchert S, Sijbrandij M, Patanè M, Pinucci I, Renneberg B, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. Mental health across two years of the COVID-19 pandemic: a 5-wave longitudinal study in Germany. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1229700. [PMID: 37614651 PMCID: PMC10442488 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been negatively associated with mental health. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics of mental health in the longer term of the pandemic. We aimed to investigate symptom levels and changes of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness spanning two years of the pandemic; and to examine associated risk factors. This five-wave, longitudinal online study from May 2020 to April 2022 included 636 adults (Mage = 39.5 years, SD = 16.11; 84.1% female) from the German general population who completed the international COVID-19 Mental Health Survey. Symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), posttraumatic stress (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), and loneliness ("Do you feel lonely?") were assessed using mixed-effects models. Associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms were examined with having children, student status, financial worries, contamination fear, and loneliness. PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-5, and loneliness scores overall decreased throughout the two-year period of the pandemic but exhibited an increase during two national lockdowns. Controlled for significant associations with female gender and younger age, increased PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with contamination fear, financial worries, and loneliness. No associations were found with having children and student status. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and loneliness decreased over time but varied along with the dynamics of the pandemic. Longitudinal monitoring of mental health in vulnerable subgroups is required, especially those of younger age, females, and the financially insecure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Weber
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Burchert
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martina Patanè
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irene Pinucci
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
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Yotsidi V, Nikolatou EK, Kourkoutas E, Kougioumtzis GA. Mental distress and well-being of university students amid COVID-19 pandemic: findings from an online integrative intervention for psychology trainees. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1171225. [PMID: 37519360 PMCID: PMC10374453 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction University students have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as significant changes supervened their academic and social life. To tackle these challenges, several adjustments in the educational methods may be warranted for cultivating a positive environment at higher education institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk and protective factors of students' mental health and well-being as well as their potential for flourishing in an undergraduate clinical psychology course that took place online due to the COVID-19 restrictive measures and incorporated positive psychology exercises as a means to empower young people amid the adverse conditions of the lockdown. Methods In total, 124 students attended the course and completed mental health (i.e., DASS-9, HADS, ERQ) and well-being (i.e., MHC-SF, SWLS, PANAS, GQ-6, BRS) measures at two time points (pre-and-post-test), during the first restrictions in Greece (March-June 2020). Results According to the results, students aged 18-20 years old reported higher levels of stress [χ2 = 14.72, p = 0.002], while students who felt that the quality of their studies had deteriorated [χ2 = 6.57, p = 0.038] reported increased levels of anxiety. High levels of depression were correlated with worse relationships with significant others (z = 7.02, p = 0.030 and χ2 = 11.39, p = 0.003 for family and friends, respectively), while gratitude and resilience were positively correlated with improved relationships with others, both during and after the lockdown. Factors associated with students' well-being were satisfaction with life and gratitude. Discussion These results suggest that well-being enhancement factors may have added value to current educational practices for promoting students' mental health and well-being in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Yotsidi
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Elias Kourkoutas
- Department of Primary Education, Research Center for the Humanities, Social and Education Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Kougioumtzis
- Department of Turkish Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Psychology, Neapolis University Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
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Kotera Y, Kirkman A, Beaumont J, Komorowska MA, Such E, Kaneda Y, Rushforth A. Self-Compassion during COVID-19 in Non-WEIRD Countries: A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2016. [PMID: 37510457 PMCID: PMC10378945 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted people's mental health negatively worldwide, including in non-WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Democratic) countries. Self-compassion, kindness and understanding towards oneself in difficult times have received increasing attention in the field of mental health. Self-compassion is strongly associated with good mental health in various populations. This narrative review aimed to synthesise the evidence on self-compassion and mental health in non-WEIRD countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. MEDLINE and PsycINFO were searched for empirical studies. Self-compassion was consistently associated with positive mental health in non-WEIRD countries too. However, how, and to what degree, each component of self-compassion impacts mental health remains to be evaluated across different cultures. Future research such as multi-national intervention studies, or component network meta-analysis, is needed to advance our understanding of how self-compassion improves mental health in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Ann Kirkman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Julie Beaumont
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Such
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Yudai Kaneda
- School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Annabel Rushforth
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
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Habibi Asgarabad M, Etesam F, Salehi Yegaei P, Vahabi Z, Akbari Saneh N, Fathi F, Ghosi F, Wiium N. Construct validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in patients with COVID-19 and its demographic and medical correlates. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132154. [PMID: 37342638 PMCID: PMC10277699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the construct and criterion validity, reliability, and gender and age differences of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in 2020. The criterion validity was assessed via its link with perceived stress, sleep quality, daily life activities, and demographic and medical characteristics. Methods A total of 328 COVID-19 patients (55.8% men; Mage = 50.49, SD = 14.96) completed the GHQ-12, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Activities of Daily Life (ADL)-Katz Scale, and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL). Results Among 13 factorial models, the three-factor model (successful coping, self-esteem, and stress) was shown to have the best fit. GHQ-12 was positively associated with PSQI, PSS, Hyperlipidemia, psychiatry disorders, hospitalization duration, the change in sleep time, and use of sleeping pills, and negatively correlated with educational level, and the number of family members. The GHQ-12 also had a negative correlation with ADL and IADL in over 60 years of age group. Females scored higher on total GHQ-12 scores, compared to males. Finally, the hospitalization duration was longer for patients over 60 (mean = 8.8 days, SD = 5.9) than patients under 60 (mean = 6.35 days, SD = 5.87). Discussion Overall, the findings provided evidence that mental distress in patients with COVID-19 is correlated with high perceived stress, low sleep quality, low ADL and IADL, and a range of demographic features and medical conditions. Designing psychological interventions for these patients that target the aforementioned correlates of mental distress is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Positive Youth Development Lab, Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Etesam
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Salehi Yegaei
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Akbari Saneh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fathi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghosi
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Al Zahra, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Bollettino V, Foo CYS, Stoddard H, Daza M, Sison AC, Teng-Calleja M, Vinck P. COVID-19-related mental health challenges and opportunities perceived by mental health providers in the Philippines. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 84:103578. [PMID: 37075675 PMCID: PMC10076080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper outlines the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as reported by 145 licensed mental health providers in the Philippines in an online survey. Respondents perceived an increase in observed mental health disorders in their beneficiaries and an overall decrease in stigma associated with receiving mental health care services during the pandemic. Respondents further identified specific stigma-related help-seeking barriers during the pandemic. Positive impacts of telehealth and importance of increased public education of mental health were highlighted, with implications for improving the landscape of mental health care for Philippines post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bollettino
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Cheryl Yunn Shee Foo
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hannah Stoddard
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mark Daza
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Antonio C Sison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the Philippines - Philippines General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Patrick Vinck
- Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Witteveen AB, Young SY, Cuijpers P, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Barbui C, Bertolini F, Cabello M, Cadorin C, Downes N, Franzoi D, Gasior M, Gray B, Melchior M, van Ommeren M, Palantza C, Purgato M, van der Waerden J, Wang S, Sijbrandij M. COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004206. [PMID: 37098048 PMCID: PMC10129001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains uncertainty about the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the association between the pandemic and common mental disorders. We qualitatively summarized evidence from reviews with meta-analyses of individual study-data in the general population, healthcare workers, and specific at-risk populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic search was carried out in 5 databases for peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the pandemic published between December 31, 2019 until August 12, 2022. We identified 123 reviews of which 7 provided standardized mean differences (SMDs) either from longitudinal pre- to during pandemic study-data or from cross-sectional study-data compared to matched pre-pandemic data. Methodological quality rated with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklist scores (AMSTAR 2) instrument was generally low to moderate. Small but significant increases of depression, anxiety, and/or general mental health symptoms were reported in the general population, in people with preexisting physical health conditions, and in children (3 reviews; SMDs ranged from 0.11 to 0.28). Mental health and depression symptoms significantly increased during periods of social restrictions (1 review; SMDs of 0.41 and 0.83, respectively) but anxiety symptoms did not (SMD: 0.26). Increases of depression symptoms were generally larger and longer-lasting during the pandemic (3 reviews; SMDs depression ranged from 0.16 to 0.23) than those of anxiety (2 reviews: SMDs 0.12 and 0.18). Females showed a significantly larger increase in anxiety symptoms than males (1 review: SMD 0.15). In healthcare workers, people with preexisting mental disorders, any patient group, children and adolescents, and in students, no significant differences from pre- to during pandemic were found (2 reviews; SMD's ranging from -0.16 to 0.48). In 116 reviews pooled cross-sectional prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms ranged from 9% to 48% across populations. Although heterogeneity between studies was high and largely unexplained, assessment tools and cut-offs used, age, sex or gender, and COVID-19 exposure factors were found to be moderators in some reviews. The major limitations are the inability to quantify and explain the high heterogeneity across reviews included and the shortage of within-person data from multiple longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS A small but consistent deterioration of mental health and particularly depression during early pandemic and during social restrictions has been found in the general population and in people with chronic somatic disorders. Also, associations between mental health and the pandemic were stronger in females and younger age groups than in others. Explanatory individual-level, COVID-19 exposure, and time-course factors were scarce and showed inconsistencies across reviews. For policy and research, repeated assessments of mental health in population panels including vulnerable individuals are recommended to respond to current and future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke B. Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Y. Young
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Bertolini
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camilla Cadorin
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Naomi Downes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Franzoi
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Gasior
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brandon Gray
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Mark van Ommeren
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Palantza
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Sun M, Li X, Yao J, Huang X, Kang Y, Li Z. Psychological status of medical staff dedicated to nucleic acid collection in COVID-19 epidemic during closed-loop management: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1131971. [PMID: 36969671 PMCID: PMC10036577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the depression, anxiety and somnipathy situation occurred in the nucleic acid collection staff during the closed-loop management period of COVID-19. And try to understand the influencing factors of related psychological status.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1,014 nucleic acid collection staff from seven Chinese hospitals was conducted. Various investigation methods were involved in the questionnaires to collect data, including 12-items self-made questionnaire survey of basic demographic information, 9-items patient health questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), 7-items generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 and Excel software. Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, correlation analysis, mono-factor analysis and binary logistic regression were applied accordingly for further analysis.ResultsThe positive rate of depression, anxiety and sleep disorder of 1,014 nucleic acid collectors under closed-loop management were 33.5, 27.2, and 50.1%, respectively. Depression was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and sleep (P < 0.05). The scores of depression scale were positively correlated with the age and the fear for infection (r = 0.106, 0.218, both P < 0.05); The scores of anxiety scale were also positively correlated with the age and the fear for infection (r = 0.124, 0.225, both P < 0.05); The length of service, collection time and the degree of worry about infection and was positively correlated with the score of sleep scale (r = 0.077, 0.074, 0.195, both P < 0.05); Education level had a significant negative association with PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PSQI (r = −0.167,−0.172, both P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, technical title, education level, collection time, collection frequency, collection location, fear for infection and external environment were important influencing factors of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that when carrying out nucleic acid collection mission, managers should intervene to optimize the collection location, control the duration of each collection mission, replace the collection staff in time and pay close attention to the psychological state of the collection staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Li
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Huang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Kang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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El-Gammal MA, Elgendy A, Heidler P, Owais TA, Eltewacy NK, Hamza N. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare work force in the Middle East region C-S study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1112501. [PMID: 36950256 PMCID: PMC10026837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19, is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century (1). The pandemic outbreak as affected all human activities, starting with healthcare and medical service passing with economy and social relationships, as well as political, religious and cultural enactments (2). The healthcare workers were the most affected fighting in the frontline working longer hours under a high risk of being infected (3). This study aims to assess the depression, anxiety and stress levels of the healthcare workforce (physicians, nurses, pharmacists and dentists) in the Middle East and North Africa-MENA-region. Methods We invited healthcare workers in the Middle East to participate in our cross-sectional survey by answering to the DASS-21 questionnaire. Results A total of 4,845 healthcare workers participated in the study. The participants were from 11 countries as follows: 436 from Egypt, 430 from Algeria, 458 from Iraq, 453 from Jordan, 473 from Libya, 428 from Palestine, 419 from Saudi Arabia, 452 from Sudan, 451 from Syria, 424 from Tunisia, and 421 from Yemen. The doctors among the healthcare workers were 51.7%, 19.0% were from the nursing staff, 16.8% were pharmacists, and 12.5% were from dentists. The depression level among the healthcare workers was as follows: 29.1% were normal, 13.7% were mildly depressed, 26.9% were moderately depressed, 14.4% were suffering from severe depression, and the depression state was extremely severe for the last 15.9%. At the same time, 29.1% were suffering from no anxiety, while 6.9% were at a mild level, 22.3% were at a moderate level, 13.4% were at a severe level, and 28.3% were at an extremely severe level. For the stress levels, 38.6% were normal, 14.9% were suffering from mild stress, 20.3% were moderate, 17.4% were severe, and the stress level was extremely severe for the other 8.9%. Discussion This study indicates that in the Middle East and North Africa-MENA-region, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic was 70.9, 70.9, 61.4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Ahmed El-Gammal
- Nanotechnology Program, The American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Marwa Ahmed El-Gammal,
| | - Amira Elgendy
- Medical Agency for Research and Statistics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Petra Heidler
- Department of International Business and Export Management, IMC University of Applied Management Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Tarek A. Owais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Nael Kamel Eltewacy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Eltewacy Arab Research Group, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Hamza
- Medical Agency for Research and Statistics, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Research Key, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - the EARG groupAmir RaisMohammedAshrafRemankamal abdouEntesarSobhy KiddeesEreenAbdelrazek AbdellahArwaAbd El-MaksoudMostafa S. M.MitwallyAwadAseelHananiAhmadYousef SubohDuhaElkhaderSamaaHanaysheSalsabeelKiswaniGharamBen AmmarHanenHamdiGhadaBrahmi lLinamohamed AyadiMalekZitaniBayanKarkarNourothmanTasneemAssalyehTasnimAl SariBatoulAltweelBaraaElzahafRaga A.abdulrasoul HasanMoufiqAli MohammedAlmajdoubHasanWisam AAlkokhiya aldareHajarAkwaisahAyoubAhmed AwasAliFateh MohammedDaresAl-duaisHarethAl-subariKholood AhmedAlhaloolBadrAbdelrahim MusbahAhmedAbdelrahim MusbahElhusseiniSalih EisaHassanAltayeb BakheetKhiderMonje AmirMohammed AlRiyadh abdulabbasAliAl-DabaghJaafar D.AlnajjarKarrar H.Hameed AhmedMarebAdil TawfeeqDaniahAloweiwiWahidAlkayedZaidSughayerAbdullahThaer AlbaddaweAyaAbu-SirhanLina A.AbdAlla HamadHindOmer IbrahimOmniaabdulmonem AhmedAsmaaDMD, Algiers Department of Dental Medicine, Algeria: Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt: Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt: Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt: Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt: Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University, Egypt: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine: Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Palestine: Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia: Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Tunisia: Faculty of Medicine Sfax, Sfax University Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia: Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Syria: College of Medical Technology, Department of Public Health, Derna, Libya: Radiologist Almogarief Teaching Hospital, Libya: Internal Medicine Resident at Brega General Hospital BGH, Libya: Faculty of Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya: Faculty of Medicine of Sabha University, Sabha, Libya: Benghazi Medical Center, Benghazi, Libya: Internal Medicine Department, University of Science and Technology Hospital, Yemen: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Yemen: Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gadarif, Sudan: Faculty of Medicine, Gabir Ibin Hayyan Medical University, Iraq: Faculty of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq: College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq: Alnoor University College, Mosul, Iraq: University of Mosul, Aljumhori Hospital, Iraq: School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan: Faculty of Engineering and IT, British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Albalqa Applied University, Jordan: Ribat University Hospital, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan: Alsalam Health Medical Hospital, Saudi Arabia
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Li W, Zhao YJ, Zhang SF, Yang B, Cheung T, Jackson T, Sha S, Xiang YT. Mapping post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and quality of life among residents of Wuhan, China after the COVID-19 outbreak: A network perspective. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:80-87. [PMID: 36030998 PMCID: PMC9420032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak may have a long-term impact on mental health in the general population. This study examined inter-relationships between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and quality of life (QOL) in Wuhan residents after the COVID-19 outbreak using network approach. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 25 and June 18, 2020. PTSS and QOL were measured using Chinese versions of the Post -Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - brief version, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2598 participants were included. A network analysis revealed "Avoiding reminders", "Feeling emotionally numb", "Avoiding thoughts", "Hypervigilance", and "Reliving experiences" as the most central (influential) nodes in PTSS network models both before and after controlling for covariates. The connection between "Avoiding thoughts" and "Avoiding reminders" had the strongest edge. Three symptom communities were detected and can be summarized as "re-experiencing and avoidance", "negative changes in thinking and mood", and "hyperarousal". The bridge symptoms connecting PTSS and QOL were "Sleep disturbances", "Irritability", and "Loss of interest". LIMITATIONS Limitations included the cross-sectional study design, self-report measures in data collection, and lack of follow-ups beyond the initial phase of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS PTSS were common among Wuhan residents even after the initial COVID-19 outbreak had passed. Attention should be paid to lingering symptoms of avoiding reminders, emotional numbness, avoiding thoughts, hypervigilance, and reliving experiences in treating PTSS related to the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice China, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China,; Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Bingxiang Yang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong kong
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Agrawal S, Dayama S, Galhotra A. COVID-19 mental health challenges: A scoping review. J Educ Health Promot 2022; 11:375. [PMID: 36618463 PMCID: PMC9818617 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_426_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disordered the lives of millions in an unprecedented way. A state of mental health crisis has emerged across the globe. The lifestyle and well-being of the individual and social integrity have been adversely affected. One-third of US citizens and one in five Indian citizens suffer from depression due to this pandemic. This scoping review aimed to estimate the mental health challenges and their possible solutions in the recent two years (2020-2021). Our search strategy used search engines such as Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy used the MeSH keywords "Mental Health AND Covid-19". The findings emerged in the following key points: anxiety and depression, social isolation and quarantine, and vulnerable or high-risk groups. Out of 216 articles screened, 20 were found eligible to meet the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on psychological anxiety, stress and mental disorder during the pandemic. Psychosocial assessment and monitoring in the context of COVID-19 should include inquiries about stressors related to COVID-19, like exposure to infected sources, infected family members, loss of loved ones, physical distance; secondary adverse events like economic loss, psychosocial effects like depression, anxiety, psychosomatic preoccupations, insomnia, increased substance use, domestic violence; and indicators of vulnerability like pre-existing physical or psychological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Agrawal
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sonal Dayama
- School of Public Health, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Abhiruchi Galhotra
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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17
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Yang Y, Cao Q, Zhao M, Zhuang Q. Knowledge mapping of students' mental health status in the COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985866. [PMID: 36507008 PMCID: PMC9728543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the international scientific output on mental health of students during COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis and to explore trend and research hotspots in this field. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications and used a variety of software to analyze and visualize the data such as R, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Scimago. Results A total of 2,734 publications were retrieved as of June 4, 2022, published by 3,894 institutions from 120 countries/regions. China and the United States lead in the quantity and quality of publications in this field. According to Bradford's Law, 16 journals are considered core journals in the field. Co-cited references indicate the main psychological problems of students under the epidemic revolve around anxiety, poor sleep and financial difficulty. Their behavior might also be influenced by increased internet and alcohol use. Conclusion Mental health of students during COVID-19 is attracting increasing attention. It is identified that the research hotspots in this field continue to revolve around emotional anxiety and unhealthy behaviors. Due to the different troubles faced by different groups under COVID-19, further exploration of the relevant factors specific for students are needed, with a hopeful view to providing ideas for intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Educational Affairs, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Research Center on Transplantation Medicine of National Health Ministry, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
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18
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Zou Q, Tang Y, Jiang C, Lin P, Tian J, Sun S. Prevalence of anxiety, depressive and insomnia symptoms among the different groups of people during COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1024668. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the pandemic of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in addition to the harm caused by the disease itself, the psychological damage caused to the public by the pandemic is also a serious problem. The aim of our study was to summarize the systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia in different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic and to qualitatively evaluate these SRs/MAs. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science to obtain SRs/MAs related to anxiety, depression, and insomnia in different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main populations we studied were healthcare workers (HCWs), college students (CSs), COVID-19 patients (CPs), and the general populations (GPs). A subgroup analysis was performed of the prevalence of psychological disorders. A total of 42 SRs/MAs (8,200,330 participants) were included in calculating and assessing the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in these populations. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of anxiety in different populations were: HCWs (20–44%), CSs (24–41%), CPs (15–47%), and GPs (22–38%). The prevalence of depression were: HCWs (22–38%), CSs (22–52%), CPs (38–45%), and GPs (16–35%), statistically significant differences between subgroups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of insomnia were: HCWs (28–45%), CSs (27–33%), CPs (34–48%), and GPs (28–35%), statistically significant differences between subgroups (p < 0.05). The comparison revealed a higher prevalence of psychological disorders in the CP group, with insomnia being the most pronounced. The methodological quality of the included SRs/MAs was then evaluated using AMSTAR 2 tool. The results of the methodological quality evaluation showed that 13 SRs/MAs were rated “medium,” 13 were rated “low,” and 16 were rated “very low.” Through the subgroup analysis and evaluation of methodological quality, we found a higher prevalence of insomnia than anxiety and depression among the psychological disorders occurring in different populations during the pandemic, but the sample size on insomnia is small and more high-quality studies are needed to complement our findings.
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19
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Jeamjitvibool T, Duangchan C, Mousa A, Mahikul W. The Association between Resilience and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192214854. [PMID: 36429573 PMCID: PMC9690093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and Nursing and Allied Health databases. Included articles examined healthcare workers (e.g., physicians and nurses), the general population, and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies of exposure to other infectious diseases related to epidemics or pandemics (e.g., SARS and MERS) were excluded. This study was performed following the Cooper matrix review method and PRISMA guidelines, followed by a meta-analysis of study results using R version 4.1.2. A random effect model was used for the pooled analysis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42021261429). Based on the meta-analysis, we found a moderate negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress (r = -0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.45 to -0.38, p < 0.001). For the subgroup analysis, a moderately significant negative relationship between overall resilience and psychological distress was found among healthcare workers (r = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.33, p < 0.001), which was weaker than in the general population (r = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.50 to -0.39, p < 0.001) and in patients (r = -0.43; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.33; p < 0.001). This association was robust, although the heterogeneity among individual effect sizes was substantial (I2 = 94%, 99%, and 74%, respectively). This study revealed a moderate negative relationship between resilience and psychological distress in healthcare workers, the general population, and patients. For all these populations, interventions and resources are needed to improve individuals' resilience and ability to cope with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakrit Jeamjitvibool
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cherdsak Duangchan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Andria Mousa
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Wiriya Mahikul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-93194-2944
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20
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Lafarge C, Milani R, Cahill S, Görzig A. 2020 COVID-19-Related Lockdown: the Relationships Between Coping Strategies, Psychological Adjustment and Resilience Among a Non-clinical Sample of British Adults. ADV RES SCI 2022; 3:297-307. [PMCID: PMC9584239 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To curb COVID-19 infections, the British government enforced a series of lockdowns resulting in restrictions on movement and socialisation. This study assessed which groups may have been at higher risk of emotional distress among a non-clinical sample of British adults. It also examined which coping strategies, if any, related to more positive psychological adjustment and higher resilience scores. A cross-sectional, correlational study was carried out. Using a convenience sample, an online survey was conducted in April–June 2020. One hundred ninety-four participants completed the Brief COPE (coping), the GAD-7 (anxiety), the PHQ-9 (depression), the CD-RISC (resilience), and provided demographic information. Participants used mainly coping strategies considered to be adaptive. They exhibited mild/moderate anxiety and depression symptoms, and moderate resilience scores. However, some individuals displayed significantly higher distress symptoms and lower resilience scores than others, especially those aged under 35 (particularly 18–24), those not working, those who were single and/or childless. Results also show that coping strategies including substance use, behavioural disengagement and self-blame were associated with anxiety and/or depression symptoms, conversely, positive reframing related to lower anxiety symptomatology. Interventions promoting positive reframing may be helpful. Similarly, interventions promoting connection to others, a factor known to enhance resilience, may be beneficial. This is particularly relevant to groups who may be more at risk of psychological distress, such as young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lafarge
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, London, TW8 9GA UK
| | - Raffaella Milani
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, London, TW8 9GA UK
| | - Sharon Cahill
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, London, TW8 9GA UK
| | - Anke Görzig
- Psychology and Counselling, School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Royal Naval College, Park Row, Greenwich, London, SE10 9LS UK
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21
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Tay WWY, Jesuthasan J, Wan KS, Ong T, Mustapha F. Eighteen months into the COVID-19 pandemic: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Southeast Asia and the associated demographic factors. Front Public Health 2022; 10:863323. [PMID: 35991032 PMCID: PMC9387355 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.863323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health has become a growing concern in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine the prevalence of mental health symptoms 18 months after the pandemic's declaration. Our cross-sectional study conducted among 18- to 65-year-old adults (N = 33,454) in October 2021 using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) found a high prevalence of severe to extremely severe anxiety (49%), depression (47%) and stress (36%) symptoms in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore. Multiple logistic regression showed that female and non-binary genders were associated with increased odds of severe/extremely severe symptoms of anxiety (female: aOR 1.44 [95% CI 1.37-1.52]; non-binary aOR 1.46 [1.16-1.84]), depression (female: aOR 1.39 [1.32-1.47]; non-binary aOR 1.42 [1.13-1.79]), and stress (female: aOR 1.48 [CI 1.40-1.57]; non-binary aOR 1.42 [1.12-1.78]). In all three symptom domains, the odds of severe/extremely severe symptoms decreased across age groups. Middle- and high-income respondents had lower odds of reporting severe/extremely severe anxiety (middle-income: aOR 0.79 [0.75-0.84]; high-income aOR 0.77 [0.69-0.86]) and depression (middle-income: aOR 0.85 [0.80-0.90]; high-income aOR 0.84 [0.76-0.94]) symptoms compared to low-income respondents, while only middle-income respondents had lower odds of experiencing severe/extremely severe stress symptoms (aOR 0.89 [0.84-0.95]). Compared to residents of Malaysia, residents of Indonesia were more likely to experience severe/extremely severe anxiety symptoms (aOR 1.08 [1.03-1.15]) but less likely to experience depression (aOR 0.69 [0.65-0.73]) or stress symptoms (aOR 0.92 [0.87-0.97]). Respondents living in Singapore had increased odds of reporting severe/extremely severe depression symptoms (aOR 1.33 [1.16-1.52]), while respondents residing in Thailand were more likely to experience severe/extremely severe stress symptoms (aOR 1.46 [1.37-1.55]). This study provides insights into the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the point prevalence of psychological distress in Southeast Asia one and a half years after the beginning of the pandemic.
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22
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Qi M, Hu X, Liu J, Wen J, Hu X, Wang Z, Shi X. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:938423. [PMID: 35958846 PMCID: PMC9358256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic of COVID-19 has significantly increased the burden on healthcare workers and potentially affect their risk of workplace violence (WPV). This study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk factors of WPV among healthcare workers during the peaking and the remission of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods Using the snowball method, a repeated online questionnaire survey was conducted among Chinese healthcare workers from March 27th to April 26th in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Data included healthcare workers' socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, psychological status, and workplace violence. Results A total of 3006 samples in 2020 and 3465 samples in 2021 were analyzed. In 2020, the prevalence of WPV and witnessing colleagues suffering from WPV among healthcare workers were 64.2% and 79.7% respectively. Compared with 2020, the prevalence decreased by 11.0% and 14.4% in 2021, respectively. Logistic regression showed that WPV in 2020 was influenced by males, long working experience, working in the psychiatric department, direct contact with COVID-19 patients, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.22, maximum OR = 2.82). While risk factors of WPV in 2021 included males, working in psychiatric departments, self-discovery of medical errors, moral injury, depression, and anxiety (minimum OR = 1.33, maximum OR = 3.32); and protective factors were holding a master's degree (OR = 0.78) and working in other departments (OR = 0.54). Conclusion This study retains the common effects of WPV among healthcare workers, though after the baptism of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of WPV among healthcare workers decreased; however, part of the influencing factors changed. In addition, COVID-19 has seriously affected the mental health of healthcare workers, and the effect of mental health problems on WPV should also attract more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhizhong Wang
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Center for Injury Research and Policy & Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Xiuquan Shi
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23
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Gustafson DR, Yucel R, Apple SJ, Cirrone G, Gao H, Huang AJ, Ma X, Saad A, Wilson J, Kabariti S, Motov S. Mental Health of Emergency Department Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 in Brooklyn, New York. Med Res Arch 2022; 10:2903. [PMID: 36465877 PMCID: PMC9718537 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v10i7.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining good mental health among Emergency Department healthcare workers (ED HCW) is paramount to well-functioning healthcare. We measured mental health and COVID-19 symptoms in ED HCW at a COVID-19 epicenter. METHODS A cross-sectional, convenience sample of adult (≥18 years) ED HCW in Brooklyn, New York, USA, who were employed at ≥50% of a full-time effort, was surveyed September-December, 2020 with reference period March-May 2020. An anonymous email-distributed survey assessed gender, age, race, healthcare worker status (clinical versus non-clinical), SARS-CoV-2 testing, number of people to talk to, COVID-19-related home problems, mental health care interruption during COVID-19, loneliness, and survey date. Outcomes included symptoms of depression, psychological distress, perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and resilience measured using validated scales. RESULTS Of 774 HCW, 247 (31.9%) responded (mean age 38.2±10.8 years; 59.4% White; 52.5% men; 80.1% clinical; 61.6% SARS-CoV-2 tested). Average mental health scores were significantly higher among clinical vs non-clinical HCW (P's<0.0001-0.019). The proportion reporting a clinically-relevant psychological distress symptom burden was higher among clinical vs non-clinical HCW (35.8% vs 13.8%, p=0.019); and suggested for depression (53.9% clinical vs 35.7% non-clinical, p=0.072); perceived stress (63.6% clinical vs 44.8% non-clinical, p=0.053); and PTSD (18.2% clinical vs 3.6% non-clinical, p=0.064). Compared to non-clinical staff, Medical Doctors and Doctors of Osteopathy reported 4.8-fold higher multivariable-adjusted odds of clinically-relevant perceived stress (95%CI 1.8-12.9, p=0.002); Emergency Medical Technicians reported 15.5-fold higher multivariable-adjusted odds of clinically-relevant PTSD (95%CI 1.6-150.4, p=0.018). Increasing age, number of COVID-19-related home problems and people to talk to, loneliness and mental health care interruption were adversely associated with mental health; being male and SARS-CoV-2 testing were beneficial. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related mental health burden was high among ED HCW in Brooklyn. Mental health support services are essential for ED HCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Recai Yucel
- Department of Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel J Apple
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Gianna Cirrone
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Haoyuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron J Huang
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayesha Saad
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jeremy Wilson
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, College of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Sarah Kabariti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn New York
| | - Sergey Motov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn New York
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24
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Czepiel D, Hoek HW, van der Markt A, Rutten BPF, Veling W, Schirmbeck F, Mascayano F, Susser ES, van der Ven E. The Association Between Exposure to COVID-19 and Mental Health Outcomes Among Healthcare Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:896843. [PMID: 35757645 PMCID: PMC9226479 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.896843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unprecedented impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care systems, there has been great interest in the mental wellbeing of healthcare workers. While most studies investigated mental health outcomes among frontline vs. non-frontline healthcare workers, little is known about the impact of various work-related variables. The present study aimed to examine the association between work-related [i.e., having contact with COVID-19 patients, being redeployed due to the pandemic and availability of sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE)] and subjective (i.e., worries about getting infected or infecting others) exposures and self-reported mental health outcomes (i.e., psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress symptoms). Between February and May 2021, 994 healthcare workers employed at a variety of healthcare settings in the Netherlands filled out an online survey as part of the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study. Mental health outcomes were measured using the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5. Approximately 13% reported depressive symptoms, 37% experienced psychological distress, and 20% reported posttraumatic stress symptoms. Multilevel linear models consisted of three levels: individual (work-related and subjective exposures), healthcare center (aggregated redeployment and availability of sufficient PPE), and regional (cumulative COVID-19 infection and death rates). Worries about infection were associated with all three mental health outcomes, whereas insufficient PPE was associated with psychological distress and depressive symptoms. There were no differences in outcomes between healthcare centers or provinces with different COVID-19 infection and death rates. Our findings highlight the importance of adequate PPE provision and the subjective experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors should be part of interventions aimed at mitigating adverse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Czepiel
- Parnassia Groep, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans W Hoek
- Parnassia Groep, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Afra van der Markt
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Wim Veling
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ezra S Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policies, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Els van der Ven
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Abstract
The road to internationalisation is paved with risk, uncertainty, the possibility of failure, and the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) phenomenon. However, the process of internationalisation (IP) theory treats an individual decision-maker as a "black box." Emotions are largely ignored by international business (IB) researchers. This study offers conceptual thoughts on the role of fear of failure in the process of internationalisation. It argues that managers experience this emotion in making internationalisation decisions for a firm, which is an area of study that requires further understanding. Following the content analysis method in the literature review and a theory-based adaptation approach to complete the conceptualisation, this manuscript joins the scholarly conversations on "connecting the IP model to people" and "emotion and internationalisation." Focussing on fear of failure as a new perspective, this manuscript contributes to IB literature by suggesting new avenues in understanding decision-making about international activities by embracing psychological insights. It also contributes to IB practitioners by offering implications for understanding one's emotional state and its effect on decision-making about internationalising ventures.
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26
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Chen X, Chen J, Zhang M, Dong RK, Li J, Dong Z, Ye Y, Tong L, Zhao R, Cao W, Li P, Zhang SX. Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833865. [PMID: 35370861 PMCID: PMC8972157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Chinese Open Science Network, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Strategy, School of Economic and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Sociology and Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyao Tong
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenrui Cao
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peikai Li
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen X. Zhang
- Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Family Enterprise Discipline, Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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27
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Zhang SX, Chen RZ, Xu W, Yin A, Dong RK, Chen BZ, Delios AY, Miller S, McIntyre RS, Ye W, Wan X. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Insomnia in Spain in the COVID-19 Crisis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:1018. [PMID: 35055841 PMCID: PMC8775436 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General population, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), and adult students in Spain are at risk of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis. A meta-analysis of the individual studies on these symptoms would provide systematic evidence to aid policymakers and researchers in focusing on prevalence, risk, and best interventions. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to be the first meta-analysis and systematic review to calculate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in Spain's adult population (general population, frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), and adult students) during the Covid-19 epidemic. METHOD Random-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. RESULTS The meta-analysis includes 28 studies with 38 individual samples in Spain. The pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms in 22 studies comprising a sample population of 82,024 was 20% (95% CI: 15-25%), that of depression symptoms in 22 articles with a total sample comprising 82,890 individuals was 22% (95% CI: 18-28%), and that of insomnia symptoms in three articles with a sample population of 745 was 57% (95% CI: 48-66%. CONCLUSIONS The accumulative evidence reveals that adults in Spain suffered higher prevalence rates of mental symptoms during the COVID-19 crisis, with a significantly higher rate relative to other countries such as China. Our synthesis also reveals a relative lack of studies on frontline and general HCWs in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X. Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | | | - Wen Xu
- Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
| | - Rebecca Kechen Dong
- Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Bryan Z. Chen
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | | | - Saylor Miller
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA;
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Symptoms Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - Wenping Ye
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Xue Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
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28
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Vargová L, Mikulášková G, Fedáková D, Lačný M, Babjáková J, Šlosáriková M, Babinčák P, Ropovik I, Adamkovič M. Slovak parents' mental health and socioeconomic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:934293. [PMID: 36061269 PMCID: PMC9433575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.934293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in people's mental health have become one of the hot topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents have been said to be among the most vulnerable groups in terms of the imposed anti-pandemic measures. The present paper analyzes the trends in mental health indicators in a sample of Slovak parents (N = 363) who participated in four waves of data collection over a year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mental health indicators were represented by general levels of depression and anxiety as well as COVID-related stress and anxiety. While there were only minor changes in depression and anxiety, the dynamic in COVID-related stress and especially anxiety was more noteworthy. Besides some exceptions, the results hold even after controlling for the socioeconomic situation. The gender differences in the mental health trends were found to be negligible. Overall, we observed no substantial deterioration in the mental health indicators across the four waves of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vargová
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Mikulášková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Instytut Psychologii, Wyższa Szkoła Humanitas, Humanitas University, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Denisa Fedáková
- Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Lačný
- Faculty of Arts, Institute of Political Science, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Babjáková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Martina Šlosáriková
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Peter Babinčák
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Ropovik
- Department of Preschool and Elementary Education and Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Matúš Adamkovič
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia.,Institute of Social Sciences of the Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Education, Institute for Research and Development of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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29
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Zhang SX, Miller SO, Xu W, Yin A, Chen BZ, Delios A, Dong RK, Chen RZ, McIntyre RS, Wan X, Wang S, Chen J. Meta-analytic evidence of depression and anxiety in Eastern Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2000132. [PMID: 35186214 PMCID: PMC8856103 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic and meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms including anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population in Eastern Europe, as well as three select sub-populations: students, general healthcare workers, and frontline healthcare workers. DATA SOURCES Studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv up to 6 February 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND DATA ANALYSIS Prevalence rates of mental health symptoms in the general population and key sub-populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Europe. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence rates of anxiety and depression. RESULTS The meta-analysis identifies and includes 21 studies and 26 independent samples in Eastern Europe. Poland (n = 4), Serbia (n = 4), Russia (n = 3), and Croatia (n = 3) had the greatest number of studies. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in eleven Eastern European countries including Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in 18 studies with 22 samples was 30% (95% CI: 24-37%) pooled prevalence of depression in 18 studies with 23 samples was 27% (95% CI: 21-34%). IMPLICATIONS The cumulative evidence from the meta-analysis reveals high prevalence rates of clinically significant symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Europe. The findings suggest evidence of a potential mental health crisis in Eastern Europe during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our synthesis also reveals a relative lack of studies in certain Eastern European countries as well as high heterogeneities among the existing studies, calling for more effort to achieve evidence-based mental healthcare in Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Saylor O Miller
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Andrew Delios
- College of Business, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xue Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senhu Wang
- Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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30
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Zhang SX, Chen J. Scientific evidence on mental health in key regions under the COVID-19 pandemic - meta-analytical evidence from Africa, Asia, China, Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Spain. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:2001192. [PMID: 34900123 PMCID: PMC8654399 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to summarize the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in the general adult population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in several key regions worldwide during the first year of the COVID pandemic. Several literature databases were systemically searched for meta-analyses published by 22 September 2021 on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms worldwide. The prevalence rates of mental health symptoms were summarized based on 388 empirical studies with a total of 1,067,021 participants from six regions and four countries. Comparatively, Africa and South Asia had the worse overall mental health symptoms, followed by Latin America. The research effort on mental health during COVID-19 has been highly skewed in terms of the scope of countries and mental health outcomes. The mental health symptoms are highly prevalent yet differ across regions, and such evidence helps to enable prioritization of mental health assistance efforts to allocate attention and resources based on the regional differences in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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