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Mungra N, Biteghe FAN, Malindi Z, Huysamen AM, Karaan M, Hardcastle NS, Bunjun R, Chetty S, Naran K, Lang D, Richter W, Hunter R, Barth S. CSPG4 as a target for the specific killing of triple-negative breast cancer cells by a recombinant SNAP-tag-based antibody-auristatin F drug conjugate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12203-12225. [PMID: 37432459 PMCID: PMC10465649 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is phenotypic of breast tumors lacking expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PgR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The paucity of well-defined molecular targets in TNBC, coupled with the increasing burden of breast cancer-related mortality, emphasizes the need to develop targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. While antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as revolutionary tools in the selective delivery of drugs to malignant cells, their widespread clinical use has been hampered by traditional strategies which often give rise to heterogeneous mixtures of ADC products. METHODS Utilizing SNAP-tag technology as a cutting-edge site-specific conjugation method, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4)-targeting ADC was engineered, encompassing a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) conjugated to auristatin F (AURIF) via a click chemistry strategy. RESULTS After showcasing the self-labeling potential of the SNAP-tag component, surface binding and internalization of the fluorescently labeled product were demonstrated on CSPG4-positive TNBC cell lines through confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The cell-killing ability of the novel AURIF-based recombinant ADC was illustrated by the induction of a 50% reduction in cell viability at nanomolar to micromolar concentrations on target cell lines. CONCLUSION This research underscores the applicability of SNAP-tag in the unambiguous generation of homogeneous and pharmaceutically relevant immunoconjugates that could potentially be instrumental in the management of a daunting disease like TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Mungra
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Centre for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Washington, 98101 USA
| | - Fleury A. N. Biteghe
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zaria Malindi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Allan M. Huysamen
- Department of Chemistry, PD Hahn Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Maryam Karaan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Natasha S. Hardcastle
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Rubina Bunjun
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000 South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | | | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, PD Hahn Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
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2
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Wu T, Song Z, Huang H, Jakos T, Jiang H, Xie Y, Zhu J. Construction and evaluation of GPC3-targeted immunotoxins as a novel therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Malindi Z, Barth S, Abrahamse H. The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2158. [PMID: 36140259 PMCID: PMC9495799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody–drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer’s heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
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Weber T, Pscherer S, Gamerdinger U, Teigler-Schlegel A, Rutz N, Blau W, Rummel M, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK. Parallel evaluation of cell‑based phage display panning strategies: Optimized selection and depletion steps result in AML blast‑binding consensus antibodies. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:767. [PMID: 34490477 PMCID: PMC8430305 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology (PD) is a powerful technique for the generation of tumor-targeting antibodies. However, there are a number of different selection methods established in different laboratories around the world. Cell-based PD panning methods using primary tumor cells are particularly heterogeneous between laboratories, which can lead to inconsistent results. Therefore, the present study evaluated different cell-based PD selection methods regarding their potential to generate acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast-binding antibodies. In addition to this evaluation, the present study improved the PD procedure by optimizing selection as well as depletion strategies. To the best of our knowledge, the current study demonstrated for the first time that antigen diversity during the depletion step is of importance for the enrichment of tumor-targeting phage antibodies. It is demonstrated that medium levels of depletion antigen diversity led to the most promising antibody candidates. In addition, it was determined that purification of blast cells from patients with AML by immunomagnetic separation ameliorated the selection of AML-binding phages during panning. Furthermore, suggesting a common design-related mechanism using a ‘single-pot’ PD library, such as the well-known Tomlinson single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library, the present study identified specific binding consensus phage particles in independent panning procedures. By means of these optimized strategies, four promising AML blast-binding phage particles were isolated and soluble scFv-Fc (scFv cloned to a fragment crystallizable of an IgG2a mouse antibody) fusion proteins were produced. These scFv-Fc antibodies bound the surface of AML blasts and were successfully internalized into their cytoplasm, indicating that they are potential immunoconjugate candidates for AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Weber
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Pscherer
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gamerdinger
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Teigler-Schlegel
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalja Rutz
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Blau
- Department for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Helios Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken, D‑65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Mathias Rummel
- Department for Hematology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
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Min B, Yoo M, Kim H, Cho M, Nam DH, Yoon Y. Semi-Automated Cell Panning for Efficient Isolation of FGFR3-Targeting Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126240. [PMID: 34207911 PMCID: PMC8229736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology is a widely used practical tool for isolating binding molecules against the desired targets in phage libraries. In the case of targeting the membrane protein with its natural conformation, conventional bio-panning has limitations on the efficient screening of the functionally relevant antibodies. To enrich the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) pools for recognizing the natural conformation of the membrane targets, the conventional bio-panning and screening process was modified to include the semi-automated cell panning protocol. Using FGFR3-overexpressing patient-derived cancer cells, biotin-X-DHPE was introduced and coupled to Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads for use in the solution-phage bio-panning procedure. The resulting clones of scFv were compared to the diversity of the binding region, especially on CDR-H3. The clones enriched further by cell-based panning procedure possessed a similar binding site and the CDR-H3 loop structure. The resulting antibodies inhibited cell growth and induced target degradation. This process may be a useful tool for screening biologically related antibodies that recognize natural conformational structure on cell membrane protein. Furthermore, cell-based panning has the potential to further expand to a high-throughput screening (HTS) system and automation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongkwi Min
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.M.); (H.K.)
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Minyoung Yoo
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Hyeree Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.M.); (H.K.)
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Minjung Cho
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.Y.); (M.C.)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.M.); (H.K.)
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.Y.); (M.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +82-(2)-3410-3497 (D.-H.N.); +82-(2)-2148-7900 (Y.Y.)
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.M.); (H.K.)
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (M.Y.); (M.C.)
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-H.N.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +82-(2)-3410-3497 (D.-H.N.); +82-(2)-2148-7900 (Y.Y.)
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Rafique A, Satake K, Kishimoto S, Hasan Khan K, Kato DI, Ito Y. Efficient Screening and Design of Variable Domain of Heavy Chain Antibody Ligands Through High Throughput Sequencing for Affinity Chromatography to Purify Fab Fragments. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2019; 38:190-200. [DOI: 10.1089/mab.2019.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rafique
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kiriko Satake
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kamrul Hasan Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dai-ichiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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7
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Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Johannesen H, Abdel-Rahman N, Heggelund JE, Hoås HM, Abraha F, Bousquet PA, Høydahl LS, Burschowsky D, Rojas G, Oscarson S, Løset GÅ, Krengel U. Crystal structure of an L chain optimised 14F7 anti-ganglioside Fv suggests a unique tumour-specificity through an unusual H-chain CDR3 architecture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10836. [PMID: 30022069 PMCID: PMC6052152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer immunotherapy offers increased efficacy concomitantly with reduced side effects. One antibody with promising clinical potential is 14F7, which specifically recognises the NeuGc GM3 ganglioside. This antigen is found in the plasma membrane of a range of tumours, but is essentially absent from healthy human cells. 14F7 can discriminate NeuGc GM3 from the very similar NeuAc GM3, a common component of cell membranes. The molecular basis for this unique specificity is poorly understood. Here we designed and expressed 14F7-derived single-chain Fvs (scFvs), which retained the specificity of the parent antibody. Detailed expression and purification protocols are described as well as the synthesis of the NeuGc GM3 trisaccharide. The most successful scFv construct, which comprises an alternative variable light chain (VLA), allowed structure determination to 2.2 Å resolution. The structure gives insights into the conformation of the important CDR H3 loop and the suspected antigen binding site. Furthermore, the presence of VLA instead of the original VL elucidates how this subdomain indirectly stabilises the CDR H3 loop. The current work may serve as a guideline for the efficient production of scFvs for structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedda Johannesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Noha Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Julie Elisabeth Heggelund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Fana Abraha
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Paula A Bousquet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Støkken Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Burschowsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.,Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Calle 216 esq 15, Atabey, Playa, La Habana, CP, 11300, Cuba
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. .,Nextera AS, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway.
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Alfaleh MA, Jones ML, Howard CB, Mahler SM. Strategies for Selecting Membrane Protein-Specific Antibodies using Phage Display with Cell-Based Panning. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:E10. [PMID: 31548525 PMCID: PMC6698842 DOI: 10.3390/antib6030010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins are attractive targets for monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery and development. Although several approved mAbs against membrane proteins have been isolated from phage antibody libraries, the process is challenging, as it requires the presentation of a correctly folded protein to screen the antibody library. Cell-based panning could represent the optimal method for antibody discovery against membrane proteins, since it allows for presentation in their natural conformation along with the appropriate post-translational modifications. Nevertheless, screening antibodies against a desired antigen, within a selected cell line, may be difficult due to the abundance of irrelevant organic molecules, which can potentially obscure the antigen of interest. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the different cell-based phage panning strategies, with an emphasis placed on the optimisation of four critical panning conditions: cell surface antigen presentation, non-specific binding events, incubation time, and temperature and recovery of phage binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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ten Haaf A, Kohl J, Pscherer S, Hamann H, Eskens HU, Bastian M, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK. Development of a monoclonal sandwich ELISA for direct detection of bluetongue virus 8 in infected animals. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:172-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Since the development of antibody-production techniques, a number of immunoglobulins have been developed on a large scale using conventional methods. Hybridoma technology opened a new horizon in the production of antibodies against target antigens of infectious pathogens, malignant diseases including autoimmune disorders, and numerous potent toxins. However, these clinical humanized or chimeric murine antibodies have several limitations and complexities. Therefore, to overcome these difficulties, recent advances in genetic engineering techniques and phage display technique have allowed the production of highly specific recombinant antibodies. These engineered antibodies have been constructed in the hunt for novel therapeutic drugs equipped with enhanced immunoprotective abilities, such as engaging immune effector functions, effective development of fusion proteins, efficient tumor and tissue penetration, and high-affinity antibodies directed against conserved targets. Advanced antibody engineering techniques have extensive applications in the fields of immunology, biotechnology, diagnostics, and therapeutic medicines. However, there is limited knowledge regarding dynamic antibody development approaches. Therefore, this review extends beyond our understanding of conventional polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, recent advances in antibody engineering techniques together with antibody fragments, display technologies, immunomodulation, and broad applications of antibodies are discussed to enhance innovative antibody production in pursuit of a healthier future for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F U H Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Sumei Ling
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
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11
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Mandrup OA, Lykkemark S, Kristensen P. Targeting of phage particles towards endothelial cells by antibodies selected through a multi-parameter selection strategy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42230. [PMID: 28186116 DOI: 10.1038/srep42230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is sustained angiogenesis. Here, normal endothelial cells are activated, and their formation of new blood vessels leads to continued tumour growth. An improved patient condition is often observed when angiogenesis is prevented or normalized through targeting of these genomically stable endothelial cells. However, intracellular targets constitute a challenge in therapy, as the agents modulating these targets have to be delivered and internalized specifically to the endothelial cells. Selection of antibodies binding specifically to certain cell types is well established. It is nonetheless a challenge to ensure that the binding of antibodies to the target cell will mediate internalization. Previously selection of such antibodies has been performed targeting cancer cell lines; most often using either monovalent display or polyvalent display. In this article, we describe selections that isolate internalizing antibodies by sequential combining monovalent and polyvalent display using two types of helper phages, one which increases display valence and one which reduces background. One of the selected antibodies was found to mediate internalization into human endothelial cells, although our results confirms that the single stranded nature of the DNA packaged into phage particles may limit applications aimed at targeting nucleic acids in mammalian cells.
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12
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Hou SC, Chen HS, Lin HW, Chao WT, Chen YS, Fu CY, Yu CM, Huang KF, Wang AH, Yang AS. High throughput cytotoxicity screening of anti-HER2 immunotoxins conjugated with antibody fragments from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31878. [PMID: 27550798 DOI: 10.1038/srep31878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins are an important class of antibody-based therapeutics. The potency of the immunotoxins depends on the antibody fragments as the guiding modules targeting designated molecules on cell surfaces. Phage-displayed synthetic antibody scFv libraries provide abundant antibody fragment candidates as targeting modules for the immunoconjugates, but the discovery of optimally functional immunoconjugates is limited by the scFv-payload conjugation procedure. In this work, cytotoxicity screening of non-covalently assembled immunotoxins was developed in high throughput format to discover highly functional synthetic antibody fragments for delivering toxin payloads. The principles governing the efficiency of the antibodies as targeting modules have been elucidated from large volume of cytotoxicity data: (a) epitope and paratope of the antibody-based targeting module are major determinants for the potency of the immunotoxins; (b) immunotoxins with bivalent antibody-based targeting modules are generally superior in cytotoxic potency to those with corresponding monovalent targeting module; and (c) the potency of the immunotoxins is positively correlated with the densities of the cell surface antigen. These findings suggest that screening against the target cells with a large pool of antibodies from synthetic antibody libraries without the limitations of natural antibody responses can lead to optimal potency and minimal off-target toxicity of the immunoconjugates.
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13
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Rodrigo G, Gruvegård M, Van Alstine J. Antibody Fragments and Their Purification by Protein L Affinity Chromatography. Antibodies (Basel) 2015; 4:259-77. [DOI: 10.3390/antib4030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Sun F, Pang X, Xie T, Zhai Y, Wang G, Sun F. BrkAutoDisplay: functional display of multiple exogenous proteins on the surface of Escherichia coli by using BrkA autotransporter. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:129. [PMID: 26337099 PMCID: PMC4558763 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial surface display technique enables the exogenous proteins or polypeptides displayed on the bacterial surface, while maintaining their relatively independent spatial structures and biological activities. The technique makes recombinant bacteria possess the expectant functions, subsequently, directly used for many applications. Many proteins could be used to achieve bacterial surface display, among them, autotransporter, a member of the type V secretion system of gram-negative bacteria, has been extensively studied because of its modular structure and apparent simplicity. However, autotransporter has not been widely used at present due to lack of a convenient genetic vector system. With our recently characterized autotransporter BrkA (Bordetella serum-resistance killing protein A) from Bordetella pertussis, we are aiming to develop a new autotransporter-based surface display system for potential wide application. Results Here, we construct a bacterial surface display system named as BrkAutoDisplay, based on the structure of autotransporter BrkA. BrkAutoDisplay is a convenient system to host exogenous genes. In our test, this system is good to efficiently display various proteins on the outer membrane surface of Escherichia coli, including green fluorescent protein (GFP), various enzymes and single chain antibody. Moreover, the displayed GFP possesses green fluorescence, the enzymes CotA, EstPc and PalA exhibit catalytic activity 0.12, 6.88 and 0.32 mU (per 5.2 × 108 living bacteria cells) respectively, and the single chain antibody fragment (scFv) can bind with its antigen strongly. Finally, we showed that C41(DE3) is a good strain of E. coli for the successful functionality of BrkAutoDisplay. Conclusions We designed a new bacterial display system called as BrkAutoDisplay and displayed various exogenous proteins on E. coli surface. Our results indicate that BrkAutoDisplay system is worthy of further study for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yujia Zhai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ganggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
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ten Haaf A, Pscherer S, Fries K, Barth S, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK. Phage display-based on-slide selection of tumor-specific antibodies on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue biopsies. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:65-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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