1
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Weber T, Pscherer S, Gamerdinger U, Teigler-Schlegel A, Rutz N, Blau W, Rummel M, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK. Parallel evaluation of cell‑based phage display panning strategies: Optimized selection and depletion steps result in AML blast‑binding consensus antibodies. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:767. [PMID: 34490477 PMCID: PMC8430305 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology (PD) is a powerful technique for the generation of tumor-targeting antibodies. However, there are a number of different selection methods established in different laboratories around the world. Cell-based PD panning methods using primary tumor cells are particularly heterogeneous between laboratories, which can lead to inconsistent results. Therefore, the present study evaluated different cell-based PD selection methods regarding their potential to generate acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast-binding antibodies. In addition to this evaluation, the present study improved the PD procedure by optimizing selection as well as depletion strategies. To the best of our knowledge, the current study demonstrated for the first time that antigen diversity during the depletion step is of importance for the enrichment of tumor-targeting phage antibodies. It is demonstrated that medium levels of depletion antigen diversity led to the most promising antibody candidates. In addition, it was determined that purification of blast cells from patients with AML by immunomagnetic separation ameliorated the selection of AML-binding phages during panning. Furthermore, suggesting a common design-related mechanism using a ‘single-pot’ PD library, such as the well-known Tomlinson single-chain fragment variable (scFv) library, the present study identified specific binding consensus phage particles in independent panning procedures. By means of these optimized strategies, four promising AML blast-binding phage particles were isolated and soluble scFv-Fc (scFv cloned to a fragment crystallizable of an IgG2a mouse antibody) fusion proteins were produced. These scFv-Fc antibodies bound the surface of AML blasts and were successfully internalized into their cytoplasm, indicating that they are potential immunoconjugate candidates for AML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Weber
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Pscherer
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gamerdinger
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Teigler-Schlegel
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalja Rutz
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Blau
- Department for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Helios Dr Horst Schmidt Kliniken, D‑65199 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Mathias Rummel
- Department for Hematology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Maennling AE, Tur MK, Niebert M, Klockenbring T, Zeppernick F, Gattenlöhner S, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Hussain AF. Molecular Targeting Therapy against EGFR Family in Breast Cancer: Progress and Future Potentials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121826. [PMID: 31756933 PMCID: PMC6966464 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family contains four transmembrane tyrosine kinases (EGFR1/ErbB1, Her2/ErbB2, Her3/ErbB3 and Her4/ErbB4) and 13 secreted polypeptide ligands. EGFRs are overexpressed in many solid tumors, including breast, pancreas, head-and-neck, prostate, ovarian, renal, colon, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Such overexpression produces strong stimulation of downstream signaling pathways, which induce cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, cell motility and blocking of apoptosis.The high expression and/or functional activation of EGFRs correlates with the pathogenesis and progression of several cancers, which make them attractive targets for both diagnosis and therapy. Several approaches have been developed to target these receptors and/or the EGFR modulated effects in cancer cells. Most approaches include the development of anti-EGFRs antibodies and/or small-molecule EGFR inhibitors. This review presents the state-of-the-art and future prospects of targeting EGFRs to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Eleonora Maennling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Niebert
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Department of Biological Sensing and Detection, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Langhanssstr. 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-64199930570
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3
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Nachreiner I, Hussain AF, Wullner U, Machuy N, Meyer TF, Fischer R, Gattenlöhner S, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Barth S, Tur MK. Elimination of HER3-expressing breast cancer cells using aptamer-siRNA chimeras. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2401-2412. [PMID: 31555351 PMCID: PMC6755278 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite recent developments in breast cancer detection and treatment, 1.38 million women each year are still affected. Breast cancer heterogeneity at the population and single-cell level, complexity and developing different metastases are setting several challenges to develop efficient breast cancer therapies. RNA interference (RNAi) represents an opportunity to silence gene expression and inhibit specific pathways in cancer cells. In order to reap the full advantages of RNAi-based therapy, different pathways that sustain cancer cells growth have been targeted using specific siRNAs. The present study investigated the ability of a set of cytotoxic siRNAs to inhibit growth of breast cancer cells. These siRNAs are targeting eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) and sphingosine kinase interacting protein (SKIP5). To facilitate their targeted delivery, the human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER3)-specific aptamer A30 was used. The in vitro results described in this work indicate that combining the highly specific HER3 aptamer with cytotoxic siRNAs targeting (EEF2, PLK1, GRK4 and SKIP5) can inhibit its activity and ultimately suppress proliferation of HER3 positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Nachreiner
- Department of Research and Development, Grünenthal GmbH, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wullner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Machuy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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4
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Daher T, Tur MK, Brobeil A, Etschmann B, Witte B, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Krombach G, Blau W, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Klussmann JP, Bräuninger A, Gattenlöhner S. Combined human papillomavirus typing and TP53 mutation analysis in distinguishing second primary tumors from lung metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018. [PMID: 29522268 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the occurrence of concurrent lung malignancies poses a significant diagnostic challenge because metastatic HNSCC is difficult to discern from second primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, this differentiation is crucial because the recommended treatments for metastatic HNSCC and second primary lung SCC differ profoundly. METHODS We analyzed the origin of lung tumors in 32 patients with HNSCC using human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and targeted next generation sequencing of all coding exons of tumor protein 53 (TP53). RESULTS Lung tumors were clearly identified as HNSCC metastases or second primary tumors in 29 patients, thus revealing that 16 patients had received incorrect diagnoses based on clinical and morphological data alone. CONCLUSION The HPV typing and mutation analysis of all TP53 coding exons is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients with HNSCC and concurrent lung SCC, which can help to ensure that patients receive the most suitable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Daher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Brobeil
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Etschmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Biruta Witte
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Krombach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Blau
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jens Peter Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bräuninger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Giessen, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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5
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Tur MK, Daramola AK, Gattenlöhner S, Herling M, Chetty S, Barth S. Restoration of DAP Kinase Tumor Suppressor Function: A Therapeutic Strategy to Selectively Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Using Immunokinase Fusion Proteins. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040059. [PMID: 28976934 PMCID: PMC5744083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer immunotherapy is designed to selectively eliminate tumor cells without harming the surrounding healthy tissues. The death-associated protein kinases (DAPk) are a family of proapoptotic proteins that play a vital role in the regulation of cellular process and have been identified as positive mediators of apoptosis via extrinsic and intrinsic death-regulating signaling pathways. Tumor suppressor activities have been shown for DAPk1 and DAPk2 and they are downregulated in e.g., Hodgkin's (HL) and B cell lymphoma (CLL), respectively. Here, we review a targeted therapeutic approach which involves reconstitution of DAPks by the generation of immunokinase fusion proteins. These recombinant proteins consist of a disease-specific ligand fused to a modified version of DAPk1 or DAPk2. HL was targeted via CD30 and B-CLL via CD22 cell surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Adebukola K Daramola
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marco Herling
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Köln-Bonn, and CECAD, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.
| | - Shivan Chetty
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
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6
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Lilienthal N, Lohmann G, Crispatzu G, Vasyutina E, Zittrich S, Mayer P, Herling CD, Tur MK, Hallek M, Pfitzer G, Barth S, Herling M. A Novel Recombinant Anti-CD22 Immunokinase Delivers Proapoptotic Activity of Death-Associated Protein Kinase (DAPK) and Mediates Cytotoxicity in Neoplastic B Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:971-84. [PMID: 26826117 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine death-associated protein kinases (DAPK) provide pro-death signals in response to (oncogenic) cellular stresses. Lost DAPK expression due to (epi)genetic silencing is found in a broad spectrum of cancers. Within B-cell lymphomas, deficiency of the prototypic family member DAPK1 represents a predisposing or early tumorigenic lesion and high-frequency promoter methylation marks more aggressive diseases. On the basis of protein studies and meta-analyzed gene expression profiling data, we show here that within the low-level context of B-lymphocytic DAPK, particularly CLL cells have lost DAPK1 expression. To target this potential vulnerability, we conceptualized B-cell-specific cytotoxic reconstitution of the DAPK1 tumor suppressor in the format of an immunokinase. After rounds of selections for its most potent cytolytic moiety and optimal ligand part, a DK1KD-SGIII fusion protein containing a constitutive DAPK1 mutant, DK1KD, linked to the scFv SGIII against the B-cell-exclusive endocytic glyco-receptor CD22 was created. Its high purity and large-scale recombinant production provided a stable, selectively binding, and efficiently internalizing construct with preserved robust catalytic activity. DK1KD-SGIII specifically and efficiently killed CD22-positive cells of lymphoma lines and primary CLL samples, sparing healthy donor- or CLL patient-derived non-B cells. The mode of cell death was predominantly PARP-mediated and caspase-dependent conventional apoptosis as well as triggering of an autophagic program. The notoriously high apoptotic threshold of CLL could be overcome by DK1KD-SGIII in vitro also in cases with poor prognostic features, such as therapy resistance. The manufacturing feasibility of the novel CD22-targeting DAPK immunokinase and its selective antileukemic efficiency encourage intensified studies towards specific clinical application. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 971-84. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Death-Associated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Death-Associated Protein Kinases/chemistry
- Death-Associated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Death-Associated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Multigene Family
- Mutation
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Single-Chain Antibodies/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lilienthal
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany. Federal Institute for Drugs and Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Lohmann
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Giuliano Crispatzu
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Elena Vasyutina
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Zittrich
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Petra Mayer
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Carmen Diana Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, and CECAD, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, and CECAD, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology; University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marco Herling
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Oncoproteome, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany. Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, and CECAD, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.
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7
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ten Haaf A, Pscherer S, Fries K, Barth S, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK. Phage display-based on-slide selection of tumor-specific antibodies on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue biopsies. Immunol Lett 2015; 166:65-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fitting J, Blume T, ten Haaf A, Blau W, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK, Barth S. Phage display-based generation of novel internalizing antibody fragments for immunotoxin-based treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. MAbs 2015; 7:390-402. [PMID: 25760770 PMCID: PMC4622674 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1007818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is chemotherapy based on cytarabine and daunorubicine (7 + 3), but it discriminates poorly between malignant and benign cells. Dose-limiting off‑target effects and intrinsic drug resistance result in the inefficient eradication of leukemic blast cells and their survival beyond remission. This minimal residual disease is the major cause of relapse and is responsible for a 5-year survival rate of only 24%. More specific and efficient approaches are therefore required to eradicate malignant cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. In this study, we generated scFv antibodies that bind specifically to the surface of AML blast cells and AML bone marrow biopsy specimens. We isolated the antibodies by phage display, using subtractive whole-cell panning with AML M2‑derived Kasumi‑1 cells. By selecting for internalizing scFv antibody fragments, we focused on potentially novel agents for intracellular drug delivery and tumor modulation. Two independent methods showed that 4 binders were internalized by Kasumi-1 cells. Furthermore, we observed the AML‑selective inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by a recombinant immunotoxin comprising one scFv fused to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA'). This method may therefore be useful for the selection of novel disease-specific internalizing antibody fragments, providing a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML patients.
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MESH Headings
- ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics
- ADP Ribose Transferases/immunology
- ADP Ribose Transferases/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/immunology
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Exotoxins/genetics
- Exotoxins/immunology
- Exotoxins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/genetics
- Immunotoxins/immunology
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/pharmacology
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/immunology
- Virulence Factors/pharmacology
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitting
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Blume
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre ten Haaf
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Blau
- Medical Clinic IV (Hematology); University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology; Aachen, Germany
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9
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Hussain AF, Tur MK, Barth S. An aptamer-siRNA chimera silences the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 gene and induces apoptosis in cancers expressing αvβ3 integrin. Nucleic Acid Ther 2013; 23:203-12. [PMID: 23544955 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) silence gene expression by triggering the sequence-specific degradation of mRNAs, but the targeted delivery of such reagents remains challenging and a significant obstacle to therapeutic applications. One promising approach is the use of RNA aptamers that bind tumor-associated antigens to achieve the delivery of siRNAs to tumor cells displaying specific antigens. Wholly RNA-based constructs are advantageous because they are inexpensive to synthesize and their immunogenicity is low. We therefore joined an aptamer-recognizing alpha V and integrin beta 3 (αvβ3) integrin to a siRNA that targets eukaryotic elongation factor 2 and achieved for the first time the targeted delivery of a siRNA to tumor cells expressing αvβ3 integrin, causing the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis specifically in tumor cells. The impact of our results on the development of therapeutic aptamer-siRNA constructs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Tur MK, Etschmann B, Benz A, Leich E, Waller C, Schuh K, Rosenwald A, Ertl G, Kienitz A, Haaf AT, Bräuninger A, Gattenlöhner S. The 140-kD isoform of CD56 (NCAM1) directs the molecular pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Pathol 2013; 182:1205-18. [PMID: 23462508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding the relevance of cell adhesion-related signaling in the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) in animal models, substantial questions remain unanswered in the human setting. We have previously shown that the neural cell adhesion molecule CD56 [neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1)] is specifically overexpressed in ICM; it was the aim of the current study to further elucidate the role of CD56 in the pathogenesis of human ICM. We used quantitative real-time PCR and IHC in human ICM and a rat model of coronary obstruction to demonstrate that CD56(140kD), the only extraneuronally expressed NCAM1 isoform with a cytoplasmic protein domain capable of inducing intracellular signaling, is the only up-regulated CD56 isoform in failing cardiomyocytes in human ICM in vivo. In subsequent analyses of the cellular effects of CD56(140kD) overexpression in the development of ICM using differential whole transcriptome expression analyses and functional in vitro cardiomyocyte cell culture assays, we further show that the up-regulation of CD56(140kD) is associated with profound gene expression changes, increased apoptosis, and reduced Ca(2+) signaling in failing human cardiomyocytes. Because apoptosis and Ca(2+)-related sarcomeric dysfunction are molecular hallmarks of ICM in humans, our results provide strong evidence that CD56(140kD) up-regulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ICM and may be a target for future immunotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of this common and often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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11
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Siepert EM, Gartz E, Tur MK, Delbrück H, Barth S, Büchs J. Short-chain fluorescent tryptophan tags for on-line detection of functional recombinant proteins. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:65. [PMID: 22999206 PMCID: PMC3544578 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional fluorescent proteins, such as GFP, its derivatives and flavin mononucleotide based fluorescent proteins (FbFPs) are often used as fusion tags for detecting recombinant proteins during cultivation. These reporter tags are state-of-the-art; however, they have some drawbacks, which can make on-line monitoring challenging. It is discussed in the literature that the large molecular size of proteins of the GFP family may stress the host cell metabolism during production. In addition, fluorophore formation of GFP derivatives is oxygen-dependent resulting in a lag-time between expression and fluorescence detection and the maturation of the protein is suppressed under oxygen-limited conditions. On the contrary, FbFPs are also applicable in an oxygen-limited or even anaerobic environment but are still quite large (58% of the size of GFP). RESULTS As an alternative to common fluorescent tags we developed five novel tags based on clustered tryptophan residues, called W-tags. They are only 5-11% of the size of GFP. Based on the property of tryptophan to fluoresce in absence of oxygen it is reasonable to assume that the functionality of our W-tags is also given under anaerobic conditions. We fused these W-tags to a recombinant protein model, the anti-CD30 receptor single-chain fragment variable antibody (scFv) Ki-4(scFv) and the anti-MucI single-chain fragment variable M12(scFv). During cultivation in Microtiter plates, the overall tryptophan fluorescence intensity of all cultures was measured on-line for monitoring product formation via the different W-tags. After correlation of the scattered light signal representing biomass concentration and tryptophan fluorescence for the uninduced cultures, the fluorescence originating from the biomass was subtracted from the overall tryptophan signal. The resulting signal, thus, represents the product fluorescence of the tagged and untagged antibody fragments. The product fluorescence signal was increased. Antibodies with W-tags generated stronger signals than the untagged construct. CONCLUSIONS Our low-molecular-weight W-tags can be used to monitor the production of antibody fragments on-line. The binding specificity of the recombinant fusion protein is not affected, even though the binding activity decreases slightly with increasing number of tryptophan residues in the W-tags. Thus, the newly designed W-tags offer a versatile and generally applicable alternative to current fluorescent fusion tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Siepert
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of RWTH Aachen University & Hospital, Pauwelsstr 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Hussain AF, Kampmeier F, von Felbert V, Merk HF, Tur MK, Barth S. SNAP-Tag Technology Mediates Site Specific Conjugation of Antibody Fragments with a Photosensitizer and Improves Target Specific Phototoxicity in Tumor Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2487-95. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans-F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology, University
Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Giessen,
Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of
Pharmaceutical
Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Tur MK, Huhn M, Jost E, Thepen T, Brümmendorf TH, Barth S. In vivo efficacy of the recombinant anti-CD64 immunotoxin H22(scFv)-ETA' in a human acute myeloid leukemia xenograft tumor model. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1277-82. [PMID: 21077160 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Target-specific acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy requires selective cell-surface antigens on AML blast cells. CD64 is a promising candidate antigen because it is abundantly expressed on monocytoid differentiated AML subtypes. In previous studies, a chemically linked full-length anti-CD64 immunotoxin based on ricin A showed promising results in several animal models, but further development has been hindered by its substantial, dose-limiting off-target effects. We recently constructed the recombinant immunotoxin H22(scFv)-ETA', comprising a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) and a humanized scFv antibody against CD64. This molecule was shown to kill CD64(+) AML-derived tumor cell lines and primary patient-derived AML cells specifically, both in vitro and ex vivo. Here we describe the in vivo efficiency of H22(scFv)-ETA' in the U937/SCID mouse xenograft model for human AML, by providing immunohistochemical evidence for the elimination of human CD64(+) tumor cells in mouse organs. H22(scFv)-ETA' showed potent antitumor activity against myeloid tumor cells and significantly prolonged the overall survival of AML xenograft animals. In conclusion, H22(scFv)-ETA' is efficacious against AML with monocytoid differentiation in vitro and in animal models in vivo, providing the basis for a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML patients.
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MESH Headings
- ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics
- ADP Ribose Transferases/immunology
- Animals
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Exotoxins/genetics
- Exotoxins/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunotoxins/genetics
- Immunotoxins/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Fitting J, Killian D, Junghanss C, Willenbrock S, Murua Escobar H, Lange S, Nolte I, Barth S, Tur MK. Generation of recombinant antibody fragments that target canine dendritic cells by phage display technology. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 9:183-95. [PMID: 21848621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals in cancer immunotherapy is the efficient activation of the host immune system against tumour cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) can induce specific anti-tumour immune responses in both experimental animal models and humans. However, most preclinical studies using small animal models show only limited correlation with studies carried out in clinical settings, whereas laboratory dogs naturally develop tumours that are biologically and histopathologically similar to their human counterparts. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of recombinant antibodies against canine DCs, isolated using the Tomlinson phage display system. We successfully isolated highly specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies in a sequential three-step panning strategy involving depletion on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells followed by positive selection on native canine DCs. This provides the basis for an antibody-based method for the immunological detection and manipulation of DCs and for monitoring antigen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fitting
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Department of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Ribbert T, Thepen T, Tur MK, Fischer R, Huhn M, Barth S. Recombinant, ETA'-based CD64 immunotoxins: improved efficacy by increased valency, both in vitro and in vivo in a chronic cutaneous inflammation model in human CD64 transgenic mice. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:279-86. [PMID: 20426788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated, activated macrophages play a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and atopic dermatitis. These cells display increased expression of the high-affinity Fcgamma receptor (CD64), making them ideal targets for CD64-specific immunotoxins. We previously showed that a chemically linked immunotoxin, the monoclonal H22-RicinA, specifically eliminated infiltrating activated macrophages and resolved chronic cutaneous inflammation. However, several disadvantages are associated with classic immunotoxins, and we therefore followed a fusion protein strategy to express the antigen-binding site alone (scFv H22) fused to a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA'). OBJECTIVES To assess the potential effect of increased valency on efficacy, we produced monovalent [H22(scFv)-ETA'] and bivalent [H22(scFv)(2)-ETA'] versions and evaluated their potential for eliminating activated macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Both immunotoxins were produced by bacterial fermentation. Binding was assessed by flow cytometry on the monocytic CD64+ cell line U937. Toxicity was analysed by XTT and apoptosis induction by annexin V bioassay. The in vivo effect was tested in a human CD64 transgenic mouse model for cutaneous inflammation. RESULTS The cytotoxic effects of both immunotoxins were clearly due to apoptosis with an IC(50) of 140 pmol L(-1) for monovalent and only 14 pmol L(-1) for the divalent version. In vivo treatment with H22(scFv)-ETA' reduced CD64+ activated macrophages to 21% of their initial numbers whereas H22(scFv)(2)-ETA' treatment reduced these cells to 4.8% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data clearly show increased efficacy due to increased valency of the anti-CD64 immunotoxin. Both recombinant immunotoxins have a low IC(50), making them suitable for the treatment of diseases involving dysregulated, activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ribbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Immunotoxins (ITs) are protein-based drugs combining a target-specific binding domain (usually derived from an antibody) and a cytotoxic domain to kill target cells. They are among the most promising new therapeutic tools to fight cancer, and several clinical trials have been completed with encouraging results. Although the targeted elimination of malignant cells is an elegant concept, there are numerous practical challenges that limit the clinical use of ITs, including inefficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity and off-target effects. Here we present some of the strategies that have been developed to improve the efficacy of ITs, particularly those involving the incorporation of functional peptide sequences into recombinant ITs to improve target binding, modify plasma half life and distribution, boost tumor penetration, enhance cellular uptake and increase cytotoxic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hetzel
- Fraunhofer IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Forckenbeckstr. 6, 52074 AACHEN, Germany
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17
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Wullner U, Neef I, Eller A, Kleines M, Tur MK, Barth S. Cell-specific induction of apoptosis by rationally designed bivalent aptamer-siRNA transcripts silencing eukaryotic elongation factor 2. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2009; 8:554-65. [PMID: 18991566 DOI: 10.2174/156800908786241078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New strategies for cell type-specific delivery need to be developed if RNA interference is to realize its full therapeutic potential. One possible approach is the use of aptamers to deliver siRNAs selectively to tumor cells with appropriate antigens displayed on the surface. We used an aptamer that binds specifically to PSMA, a cell surface glycoprotein found in abundance on prostate cancer cells, and joined its 3' end to a siRNA specific for Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 mRNA (EEF2). This is an attractive target for cancer therapy because inhibiting EEF2 causes the rapid arrest of protein synthesis, inducing apoptosis and leading ultimately to cell death. In order to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the aptamer-siRNA, we increased the valency of the construct by rational design. Two anti-PSMA aptamers were designed such that each binding sequence could fold independently into its active conformation. Here we show specific cytotoxicity resulting from siRNA-induced silencing of EEF2, as well as specific delivery to PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells. Increasing the valency of the aptamer resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity compared with the monovalent constructs. The results presented here demonstrate the usefulness of multivalent aptamer-based delivery vehicles for siRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wullner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Rothe A, Klimka A, Tur MK, Pfitzner T, Huhn M, Sasse S, Mallmann P, Engert A, Barth S. Construction of phage display libraries from reactive lymph nodes of breast carcinoma patients and selection for specifically binding human single chain Fv on cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2005; 14:729-35. [PMID: 15375609 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.14.4.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The display of recombinant antibody fragments on the surface of filamentous phage mimicks B cells and is therefore a technology ideal to generate antibodies against any potential target antigen in vitro. In order to obtain tumor specific, high-affinity single chain antibody fragments (scFv), it has been speculated that lymph node tissue from cancer patients infiltrated with activated B cells must be a valuable source of antibody V-genes. The aim of this study was to generate a human scFv-phage library from lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer and to develop a stringent depletion and selection protocol in order to isolate specific single chain antibodies recognizing potentially new antigens in breast cancer. The amplification of the V-genes cloned from regional lymph node tissue and their assembly to single chain variable fragments was optimized in terms of library size and diversity. A large set of degenerated primers, annealing to all known V-gene families, was designed and used under optimized PCR conditions. The amplified V-genes were genetically fused in all possible combinations and cloned into a phagemid vector. Depletion and selection on mammary epithelial and primary breast carcinoma cell lines, respectively led to the isolation of a breast cancer cell line specific scFv (BCK-1 scFv) from this patient-derived scFv-phage display library as demonstrated in polyclonal and monoclonal ELISA, using immobilized cell membrane fractions of the indicated cell lines. A new recombinant breast cancer cell line specific antibody based on V-genes derived from reactive B-lymphocyte-infiltrated lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer was isolated via phage display, performing stringent depletion and selection protocols. We believe that this combination of antibody V-gene source and elaborated phage display depletion and selection strategy will be successful for the retrieval of numerous other recombinant, tumor specific antibody fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rothe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Immunotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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19
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Tur MK, Rothe A, Huhn M, Goerres U, Klimka A, Stöcker M, Engert A, Fischer R, Finner R, Barth S. A novel approach for immunization, screening and characterization of selected scFv libraries using membrane fractions of tumor cells. Int J Mol Med 2003; 11:523-7. [PMID: 12632108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation of cell-surface specific antibodies prerequisites the functional expressing of antigens on intact cells, which are maintained routinely by cell culturing. However, long-term culturing of tumor cells could alter their antigen expression patterns and stable fixation of whole cells is not guaranteed on plastic surfaces during stringent screening procedures. We prepared functional breast cancer cell-membrane fractions that express surface molecules in their native conformation. Specific binding phages were isolated from phage antibody libraries constructed from the spleen messenger RNA of mice immunized with breast cancer cell-membrane fractions. After negative selection on non-mammary carcinoma cells and four rounds of positive selection on breast carcinoma cell lines, phage antibodies were enriched that bound specifically to breast cancer cell lines as confirmed by phage enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 96-well plates coated with breast cancer cell membranes. The isolated phage antibodies were highly specific for the breast cancer cell line 8701-BC but not on other carcinoma such as the Hodgkin-derived cell line L540Cy as demonstrated by ELISA and flow cytometry. This report describes a rapid and more versatile method for isolating antibody fragments compared to whole cell screening procedures. One single membrane preparation can be stored for at least 15 months at -80 degrees C and used to immunize mice or for screening of antibody libraries. The selection and screening strategy used should be generally applicable to identify novel cell-surface antigens and their corresponding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Fraunhofer IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Huhn M, Sasse S, Tur MK, Matthey B, Schinköthe T, Rybak SM, Barth S, Engert A. Human angiogenin fused to human CD30 ligand (Ang-CD30L) exhibits specific cytotoxicity against CD30-positive lymphoma. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8737-42. [PMID: 11751393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A number of different immunotoxins composed of cell-specific targeting structures coupled to plant or bacterial toxins have increasingly been evaluated for immunotherapy. Because these foreign proteins are highly immunogenic in humans, we have developed a new CD30 ligand-based fusion toxin (Ang-CD30L) using the human RNase angiogenin. The completely human fusion gene was inserted into a pET-based expression plasmid. Transformed Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) were grown under osmotic stress conditions in the presence of compatible solutes. After isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside induction, the M(r) 37,000 His(10)-tagged Ang-CD30L was directed into the periplasmic space and functionally purified by a combination of metal ion affinity followed by enterokinase cleavage of the His(10)-Tag and molecular size chromatography. The characteristics of the recombinant protein were assessed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and toxicity assays showing specific activity against CD30(+) Hodgkin-derived cells. Specific binding activity of Ang-CD30L was verified by competition with anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody Ki-4 and commercially available CD30L-CD8 chimeric protein. Ang-CD30L showed RNase activity in vitro. The human recombinant immunotoxin showed significant toxicity toward several CD30-positive cell lines (HDLM-2, L1236, KM-H2, and L540Cy) and exhibited highest cytotoxicity against L540 cells (IC(50) = 8 ng/ml) as determined by cell proliferation assays. CD30 specificity was confirmed by competitive toxicity assays. This is the first report on the specific cytotoxicity of a recombinant completely human fusion toxin with possibly largely reduced immunogenicity for the treatment of CD30-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huhn
- Fraunhofer IME, Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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21
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Tur MK, Sasse S, Stöcker M, Djabelkhir K, Huhn M, Matthey B, Gottstein C, Pfitzner T, Engert A, Barth S. An anti-GD2 single chain Fv selected by phage display and fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin A develops specific cytotoxic activity against neuroblastoma derived cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2001; 8:579-84. [PMID: 11605031 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.8.5.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the disialoganglioside GD2 is abundantly present on the surface of neuroblastoma cells, we constructed a new recombinant immunotoxin for possible clinical use in patients with neuroblastoma. A functional 14.18 scFv-phage was obtained by selection of an anti-GD2 hybridoma derived phage antibody mini-library on the neuroblastoma-derived, GD2-expressing cell line IMR5. By insertion into the bacterial expression vector pBM1.1 the selected scFv was fused to a deletion mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA'). Periplasmically expressed 14.18(scFv)-ETA' bound to the GD2 expressing cell line IMR5, but not to the GD2 negative Hodgkin-derived cell line L540Cy as documented by ELISA and flow cytometry. The recombinant immunotoxin (rIT) inhibited cell viability of IMR5 cells by 50% at concentrations (IC(50)) of 0.326 microg/ml. This recombinant immunotoxin will be further investigated in vivo for its value as a new immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Tur
- Fraunhofer IUCT, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Product Development, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Tur MK, Huhn M, Sasse S, Engert A, Barth S. Selection of scFv phages on intact cells under low pH conditions leads to a significant loss of insert-free phages. Biotechniques 2001; 30:404-8, 410, 412-3. [PMID: 11233610 DOI: 10.2144/01302rr04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Display of functional antibody fragments on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages allows fast selection of specific phage antibodies against a variety of target antigens. However, enrichment of single chain variable fragment (scFv)-displaying phages is often hampered by the abundance of bacteriophages lacking antibody fragments. Moderate adhesive binding activities and production advantages of these "empty" phages results in their subsequent enrichment during selection on target cells. To date, very limited effort has been made to develop strategies removing nonspecific binding phages during the selection processes. To efficiently reduce insert-free phages when panning on intact cells, we increased the washing stringency by lowering the pH of the buffer with citric acid. Under standard washing procedures (pH 7.4), only approximately 73% of recovered phages were insert-free after three rounds of selection. Using stringent washing procedures (pH 5.0), approximately 12% of recovered phages contained no scFv. Using this protocol, we have cloned an antibody fragment from a mouse/human hybridoma cell line directed against the disialoganglioside GD2. This study confirms that selection of phage antibodies on cells is efficiently enhanced by assays augmenting the stringency to remove nonspecific binding phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Tur
- University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Barth S, Weidenmüller U, Tur MK, Schmidt MF, Engert A. Combining phage display and screening of cDNA expression libraries: a new approach for identifying the target antigen of an scFv preselected by phage display. J Mol Biol 2000; 301:751-7. [PMID: 10966781 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A potential method for identifying new tumor-specific antibody structures as well as tumor-associated antigens is by selecting scFv phage libraries on tumor cells. This phage display technique involves multiple rounds of phage binding to target cells, washing to remove non-specific phage and elution to retrieve specific binding phage. Although the binding properties of an isolated tumor-specific scFv can be evaluated by ELISA, FACS and immunohistochemistry, it still remains a challenge to define the corresponding antigen. Here, we provide evidence that the target antigen of a given scFv displayed on phages can be detected in an immobilized lambda phage cDNA expression library containing thousands of irrelevant clones. The library contained CD30-negative breast-cancer specific cDNA as well as human CD30 receptor cDNA. The interaction of anti-CD30 scFv phages and their target antigen after blotting onto nitrocellulose filters was documented under defined conditions. Screening of different ratios between CD30 receptor and breast cancer specific clones (1:1 and 1:200) revealed that the CD30 antigen could be detected by anti-CD30 scFv phages using at least 5x10(12) plaque forming units of filamentous phages per blot. These investigations demonstrate that it is possible to detect the target antigen of a preselected scFv displayed on filamentous phages in lambda phage cDNA expression libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barth
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Luisenstr. 56, University of Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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