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Mladenov R, Hristodorov D, Cremer C, Hein L, Kreutzer F, Stroisch T, Niesen J, Brehm H, Blume T, Brümmendorf TH, Jost E, Thepen T, Fischer R, Stockmeyer B, Barth S, Stein C. The Fc-alpha receptor is a new target antigen for immunotherapy of myeloid leukemia. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2729-38. [PMID: 26041304 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based immunotherapy of leukemia requires the targeting of specific antigens on the surface of blasts. The Fc gamma receptor (CD64) has been investigated in detail, and CD64-targeting immunotherapy has shown promising efficacy in the targeted ablation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) and chronic myeloid leukemia cells (CML). Here we investigate for the first time the potential of FcαRI (CD89) as a new target antigen expressed by different myeloid leukemic cell populations. For specific targeting and killing, we generated a recombinant fusion protein comprising an anti-human CD89 single-chain Fragment variable and the well-characterized truncated version of the potent Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA'). Our novel therapeutic approach achieved in vitro EC50 values in range 0.2-3 nM depending on the applied stimuli, that is, interferon gamma or tumor necrosis factor alpha. We also observed a dose-dependent apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity, which resulted in the elimination of up to 90% of the target cells within 72 hr. These findings were also confirmed ex vivo using leukemic primary cells from peripheral blood samples of three previously untreated patients. We conclude that CD89-specific targeting of leukemia cell lines can be achieved in vitro and that the efficient elimination of leukemic primary cells supports the potential of CD89-ETA' as a potent, novel immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Mladenov
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dmitrij Hristodorov
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Cremer
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Hein
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kreutzer
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Stroisch
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith Niesen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannes Brehm
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Blume
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Henrik Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Internal Medicine IV), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Jost
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Internal Medicine IV), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theophilus Thepen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Stockmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 Hematology/Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christoph Stein
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Aachen, Germany
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Fitting J, Blume T, ten Haaf A, Blau W, Gattenlöhner S, Tur MK, Barth S. Phage display-based generation of novel internalizing antibody fragments for immunotoxin-based treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. MAbs 2015; 7:390-402. [PMID: 25760770 PMCID: PMC4622674 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1007818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is chemotherapy based on cytarabine and daunorubicine (7 + 3), but it discriminates poorly between malignant and benign cells. Dose-limiting off‑target effects and intrinsic drug resistance result in the inefficient eradication of leukemic blast cells and their survival beyond remission. This minimal residual disease is the major cause of relapse and is responsible for a 5-year survival rate of only 24%. More specific and efficient approaches are therefore required to eradicate malignant cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. In this study, we generated scFv antibodies that bind specifically to the surface of AML blast cells and AML bone marrow biopsy specimens. We isolated the antibodies by phage display, using subtractive whole-cell panning with AML M2‑derived Kasumi‑1 cells. By selecting for internalizing scFv antibody fragments, we focused on potentially novel agents for intracellular drug delivery and tumor modulation. Two independent methods showed that 4 binders were internalized by Kasumi-1 cells. Furthermore, we observed the AML‑selective inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by a recombinant immunotoxin comprising one scFv fused to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA'). This method may therefore be useful for the selection of novel disease-specific internalizing antibody fragments, providing a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML patients.
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MESH Headings
- ADP Ribose Transferases/genetics
- ADP Ribose Transferases/immunology
- ADP Ribose Transferases/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/immunology
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Blast Crisis/drug therapy
- Blast Crisis/immunology
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Exotoxins/genetics
- Exotoxins/immunology
- Exotoxins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/genetics
- Immunotoxins/immunology
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/pharmacology
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/immunology
- Virulence Factors/pharmacology
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitting
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Blume
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre ten Haaf
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Blau
- Medical Clinic IV (Hematology); University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tur
- Institute of Pathology; University Hospital; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University Hospital RWTH Aachen; Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology; Aachen, Germany
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Amoury M, Blume T, Brehm H, Niesen J, Tenhaef N, Barth S, Gattenlohner S, Helfrich W, Fitting J, Nachreiner T, Pardo A. SNAP-tag based Agents for Preclinical In Vitro Imaging in Malignant Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:5429-36. [DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Blume T, Neis U. Improving chlorine disinfection of wastewater by ultrasound application . Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:139-44. [PMID: 16459785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of soluble organic material as well as high concentrations of suspended matter in waters and wastewaters affect the efficiency when chlorine is used as disinfection agent. The objective of our work is to explore to which extend ultrasonic treatment can facilitate wastewater disinfection with chlorine in order to bring down doses of ecologically questionable chlorine and to shorten contact times. Sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents with different concentrations of suspended solids are exposed to sonication in combination with chlorine dosage. We observed that enhancement of chlorine efficiency is better for samples with higher concentrations of suspended matter. For samples with a TSS concentration of 50 mg/L chlorination efficiency (2 mg/L) can be doubled from 0.7 to 1.4 log when treated simultaneously with 20 kHz ultrasound for 5 minutes, i.e. levels of indicator organisms can be brought down to numbers that conventionally require far higher doses of chemical disinfectants. As subsequent sonication/chlorination does not have the same significant effect as simultaneous application of these two means, ultrasound does not just have a declumping effect; it seems that ultrasound application provokes a better chlorine dispersion in the aqueous media which improves the fast chemical and bactericidal reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blume
- Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, 21071 Hamburg, Germany.
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Marín Bivens CL, Lindenthal B, O'Brien MJ, Wigglesworth K, Blume T, Grøndahl C, Eppig JJ. A synthetic analogue of meiosis-activating sterol (FF-MAS) is a potent agonist promoting meiotic maturation and preimplantation development of mouse oocytes maturing in vitro. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2340-4. [PMID: 15333599 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular fluid-meiosis-activating sterol (FF-MAS) is a factor present in the pre-ovulatory follicle during the time of oocyte maturation. In mouse oocytes maturing in vitro, FF-MAS promotes the completion of meiotic maturation to metaphase II (MII) and improves competence to complete the 2-cell stage to blastocyst transition. We produced analogues of FF-MAS and selected three on the basis of potency to promote the resumption of meiosis by mouse oocytes maintained in meiotic arrest by hypoxanthine. The objective of this study was to determine whether these FF-MAS analogues also affect the quality of oocytes maturing in vitro with respect to the completion of meiotic maturation and augmenting the frequency of development to the blastocyst stage after fertilization in vitro. METHODS Cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes were isolated from the small antral follicles of 18 or 20 day post-natal mice. These oocytes normally have a reduced competence to complete meiotic maturation and preimplantation embryo development. Oocytes were isolated at the germinal vesicle stage and matured in vitro using media supplemented with 0.1% ethanol, 1 micromol/l FF-MAS, or 0.1-10 micromol/l FF-MAS analogues ZK255884 (884), ZK255933 (933) and ZK255991 (991). Oocytes that progressed to MII were fertilized in vitro and the percentage developing to the 2-cell and blastocyst stages was determined. RESULTS At 1 micromol/l, 991 and 933 increased the portion of oocytes progressing to MII, whereas the lowest dose of 991 and 884 was ineffective. Treatment of maturing oocytes with either 0.1 or 1 micromol/l 933 dramatically increased oocyte competence to complete preimplantation development. CONCLUSIONS The synthetic analogue of FF-MAS, ZK255933, is a potent agonist that improves the quality of mouse oocytes matured in vitro. This compound may therefore have therapeutic value for treatment of oocytes from women undergoing therapy for infertility owing to poor oocyte quality.
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Schumacher G, Blume T, Sekoulov I. Bacteria reduction and nutrient removal in small wastewater treatment plants by an algal biofilm. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:195-202. [PMID: 12906290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Attached algae settlement is frequently observed in effluents of wastewater treatment plants at locations with sufficient sunlight. For their growth they incorporate nutrients and the surface of the algal biofilm accumulates suspended solids from the clarified wastewater. During the photosynthesis process of algal biofilms oxygen is produced while dissolved carbon dioxide is consumed. This led to an increasing pH due to the change of the carbon dioxide equilibrium in water. The high pH causes precipitation of dissolved phosphates. Furthermore an extensive removal of faecal bacteria was observed in the presence of algae, which may be caused by the activity of algae. The experimental results indicate the high potential of these attached algae for polishing secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plants. Especially for small wastewater treatment plants a post connected stage for nutrient removal and bacteria reduction can be developed with the aid of an algal biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schumacher
- Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Institute of Wastewater Management, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
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