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Schmidt N, Van Den Ham K, Bower L, Li S, Lorenzi H, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Traore B, Crompton P. Susceptibility to febrile malaria is associated with an inflammatory gut microbiome. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3974068. [PMID: 38645126 PMCID: PMC11030534 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3974068/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health problem, but many of the factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in Malian children that susceptibility to febrile malaria following infection with Plasmodium falciparum is associated with the composition of the gut microbiome prior to the malaria season. Gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-susceptible children had a significantly higher parasite burden following Plasmodium infection compared to gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-resistant children. The fecal microbiome of the susceptible children was enriched for bacteria associated with inflammation, mucin degradation, gut permeability and inflammatory bowel disorders (e.g., Ruminococcus gauvreauii, Ruminococcus torques, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Lachnoclostridium phocaeense and Lachnoclostridium sp. YL32). However, the susceptible children also had a greater abundance of bacteria known to produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids and those associated with favorable prognosis and remission following dysbiotic intestinal events (e.g., Anaerobutyricum hallii, Blautia producta and Sellimonas intestinalis). Metabolomics analysis of the human fecal samples corroborated the existence of inflammatory and recovery-associated features within the gut microbiome of the susceptible children. There was an enrichment of nitric oxide-derived DNA adducts (deoxyinosine and deoxyuridine) and long-chain fatty acids, the absorption of which has been shown to be inhibited by inflamed intestinal epithelial cells, and a decrease in the abundance of mucus phospholipids. Nevertheless, there were also increased levels of pseudouridine and hypoxanthine, which have been shown to be regulated in response to cellular stress and to promote recovery following injury or hypoxia. Overall, these results indicate that the gut microbiome may contribute malaria pathogenesis and suggest that therapies targeting intestinal inflammation could decrease malaria susceptibility.
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Seymour BJ, Allen BE, Kuhn KA. Microbial Mechanisms of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:124-132. [PMID: 38300467 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Host-microbiome interactions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the data linking specific microbes to RA is largely associative. Here, we review recent studies that have interrogated specific mechanistic links between microbes and host in the setting of RA. RECENT FINDINGS Several candidate bacterial species and antigens that may trigger the conversion of an anti-bacterial to an autoimmune response have been recently identified. Additional studies have identified microbial metabolic pathways that are altered in RA. Some of these microbial species and metabolic pathways have been validated in mouse models to induce RA-like immune responses, providing initial evidence of specific mechanisms by which the microbiota contributes to the development of RA. Several microbial species, antigens, and metabolites have been identified as potential contributors to RA pathophysiology. Further interrogation and validation of these pathways may identify novel biomarkers of or therapeutic avenues for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Seymour
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brendan E Allen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Vilhais G, Alpuim Costa D, Fontes-Sousa M, Ribeiro PC, Martinho F, Botelho de Sousa C, Santos CR, Negreiros I, Canastra A, Borralho P, Guia Pereira A, Marçal C, Germano Sousa J, Chaleira R, Rocha JC, Calhau C, Faria A. Case report: Primary CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy in locally advanced breast cancer and its effect on gut and intratumoral microbiota. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360737. [PMID: 38601755 PMCID: PMC11004348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced breast cancer poses significant challenges to the multidisciplinary team, in particular with hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative tumors that classically yield lower pathological complete responses with chemotherapy. The increasingly significant use of CDK 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) plus endocrine therapy (ET) in different breast cancer settings has led to clinical trials focusing on this strategy as a primary treatment, with promising results. The impact of the microbiota on cancer, and vice-versa, is an emerging topic in oncology. The authors report a clinical case of a postmenopausal female patient with an invasive breast carcinoma of the right breast, Luminal B-like, staged as cT4cN3M0 (IIIB). Since the lesion was considered primarily inoperable, the patient started letrozole and ribociclib. Following 6 months of systemic therapy, the clinical response was significant, and surgery with curative intent was performed. The final staging was ypT3ypN2aM0, R1, and the patient started adjuvant letrozole and radiotherapy. This case provides important insights on primary CDK4/6i plus ET in locally advanced unresectable HR+/HER2- breast cancer and its potential implications in disease management further ahead. The patient's gut microbiota was analyzed throughout the disease course and therapeutic approach, evidencing a shift in gut microbial dominance from Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and a loss of microbial diversity following 6 months of systemic therapy. The analysis of the intratumoral microbiota from the surgical specimen revealed high microbial dissimilarity between the residual tumor and respective margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Vilhais
- Haematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Alpuim Costa
- Haematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Cascais, Cascais, Portugal
- Breast Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Fontes-Sousa
- Haematology and Oncology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Breast Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Casal Ribeiro
- Bioinformatics Department, Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Catarina Rodrigues Santos
- Breast Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Surgery Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOL-FG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Canastra
- Anatomic Pathology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Borralho
- Breast Unit, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Anatomic Pathology Department, CUF Oncologia, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Guia Pereira
- Genetics Laboratory, Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Marçal
- Clinical Pathology Department, Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Germano Sousa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Chaleira
- Psychology Department, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), Rede de Investigação em Saúde (RISE), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bartsch M, Hahn A, Berkemeyer S. Bridging the Gap from Enterotypes to Personalized Dietary Recommendations: A Metabolomics Perspective on Microbiome Research. Metabolites 2023; 13:1182. [PMID: 38132864 PMCID: PMC10744656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have propelled research into the human microbiome and its link to metabolic health. We explore microbiome analysis methods, specifically emphasizing metabolomics, how dietary choices impact the production of microbial metabolites, providing an overview of studies examining the connection between enterotypes and diet, and thus, improvement of personalized dietary recommendations. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate constitute more than 95% of the collective pool of short-chain fatty acids. Conflicting data on acetate's effects may result from its dynamic signaling, which can vary depending on physiological conditions and metabolic phenotypes. Human studies suggest that propionate has overall anti-obesity effects due to its well-documented chemistry, cellular signaling mechanisms, and various clinical benefits. Butyrate, similar to propionate, has the ability to reduce obesity by stimulating the release of appetite-suppressing hormones and promoting the synthesis of leptin. Tryptophan affects systemic hormone secretion, with indole stimulating the release of GLP-1, which impacts insulin secretion, appetite suppression, and gastric emptying. Bile acids, synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and subsequently modified by gut bacteria, play an essential role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but they also interact directly with intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. One study using statistical methods identified primarily two groupings of enterotypes Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. The Prevotella-dominated enterotype, P-type, in humans correlates with vegetarians, high-fiber and carbohydrate-rich diets, and traditional diets. Conversely, individuals who consume diets rich in animal fats and proteins, typical in Western-style diets, often exhibit the Bacteroides-dominated, B-type, enterotype. The P-type showcases efficient hydrolytic enzymes for plant fiber degradation but has limited lipid and protein fermentation capacity. Conversely, the B-type features specialized enzymes tailored for the degradation of animal-derived carbohydrates and proteins, showcasing an enhanced saccharolytic and proteolytic potential. Generally, models excel at predictions but often struggle to fully elucidate why certain substances yield varied responses. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential for personalized dietary recommendations based on enterotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Bartsch
- NutritionLab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Am Kruempel 31, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany;
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Shoma Berkemeyer
- NutritionLab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Am Kruempel 31, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany;
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Peng Y, Tun HM. Meet the extended Segatella copri complex. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1766-1769. [PMID: 37944487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Segatella copri complex contains key members of the human gut microbiome, but their genetic diversity and associations with health are incompletely understood. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Blanco-Míguez et al. expand the S. copri complex to 13 species and reveal species-specific associations with lifestyle and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; System Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance (SMART) Lab, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hein M Tun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; System Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance (SMART) Lab, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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