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Song J, Kim D, Jung J, Choi E, Lee Y, Jeong Y, Lee B, Lee S, Shim Y, Won Y, Cho H, Jang DK, Kang HW, Joo JWJ, Jang W. Elucidating immunological characteristics of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer patients in South Korea using a bioinformatics approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10105. [PMID: 38698020 PMCID: PMC11066069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top five most common and life-threatening malignancies worldwide. Most CRC develops from advanced colorectal adenoma (ACA), a precancerous stage, through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. However, its underlying mechanisms, including how the tumor microenvironment changes, remain elusive. Therefore, we conducted an integrative analysis comparing RNA-seq data collected from 40 ACA patients who visited Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital with normal adjacent colons and tumor samples from 18 CRC patients collected from a public database. Differential expression analysis identified 21 and 79 sequentially up- or down-regulated genes across the continuum, respectively. The functional centrality of the continuum genes was assessed through network analysis, identifying 11 up- and 13 down-regulated hub-genes. Subsequently, we validated the prognostic effects of hub-genes using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. To estimate the immunological transition of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, single-cell deconvolution and immune repertoire analyses were conducted. Significant composition changes for innate immunity cells and decreased plasma B-cells with immunoglobulin diversity were observed, along with distinctive immunoglobulin recombination patterns. Taken together, we believe our findings suggest underlying transcriptional and immunological changes during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, contributing to the further development of pre-diagnostic markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
- Division of AI Software Convergence, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Hollywood, CA, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Yeonbin Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Byungjo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Sora Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Yujeong Shim
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Youngtae Won
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyeki Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, 10326, South Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, 10326, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Jong Wha J Joo
- Division of AI Software Convergence, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, South Korea.
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2
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Kannen V, Grant DM, Matthews J. The mast cell-T lymphocyte axis impacts cancer: Friend or foe? Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216805. [PMID: 38462035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between mast cells (MCs) and T lymphocytes (TLs) releases specific signals that create an environment conducive to tumor development. Conversely, they can protect against cancer by targeting tumor cells for destruction. Although their role in immunity and cancer is complex, their potential in anticancer strategies is often underestimated. When peripheral MCs are activated, they can affect cancer development. Tumor-infiltrating TLs may malfunction and contribute to aggressive cancer and poor prognoses. One promising approach for cancer patients is TL-based immunotherapies. Recent reports suggest that MCs modulate TL activity in solid tumors and may be a potential therapeutic layer in multitargeting anticancer strategies. Pharmacologically modulating MC activity can enhance the anticancer cytotoxic TL response in tumors. By identifying tumor-specific targets, it has been possible to genetically alter patients' cells into fully humanized anticancer cellular therapies for autologous transplantation, including the engineering of TLs and MCs to target and kill cancer cells. Hence, recent scientific evidence provides a broader understanding of MC-TL activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Kannen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Denis M Grant
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Matthews
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Gao S, Fang X, Ren S. 3D bioprinted tumor model: a prompt and convenient platform for overcoming immunotherapy resistance by recapitulating the tumor microenvironment. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00935-9. [PMID: 38520648 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy is receiving worldwide attention for its induction of an anti-tumor response. However, it has had limited efficacy in some patients who acquired resistance. The dynamic and sophisticated complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the leading contributor to this clinical dilemma. Through recapitulating the physiological features of the TME, 3D bioprinting is a promising research tool for cancer immunotherapy, which preserves in vivo malignant aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and the cell-cell/matrix interactions. It has been reported that application of 3D bioprinting holds potential to address the challenges of immunotherapy resistance and facilitate personalized medication. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES In this review, we briefly summarize the contributions of cellular and noncellular components of the TME in the development of immunotherapy resistance, and introduce recent advances in 3D bioprinted tumor models that served as platforms to study the interactions between tumor cells and the TME. By constructing multicellular 3D bioprinted tumor models, cellular and noncellular crosstalk is reproduced between tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the TME. In the future, by quickly preparing 3D bioprinted tumor models with patient-derived components, information on tumor immunotherapy resistance can be obtained timely for clinical reference. The combined application with tumoroid or other 3D culture technologies will also help to better simulate the complexity and dynamics of tumor microenvironment in vitro. We aim to provide new perspectives for overcoming cancer immunotherapy resistance and inspire multidisciplinary research to improve the clinical application of 3D bioprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO. 519, Kunzhou Street, Kunming, 650118, China.
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4
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Li Y, Zhang C, Jiang A, Lin A, Liu Z, Cheng X, Wang W, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Wei T, Luo P. Potential anti-tumor effects of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment: a review. J Transl Med 2024; 22:293. [PMID: 38509593 PMCID: PMC10953261 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor FoxP3 are essential for maintaining immunological balance and are a significant component of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) technology has shown that Tregs exhibit significant plasticity and functional diversity in various tumors within the TME. This results in Tregs playing a dual role in the TME, which is not always centered around supporting tumor progression as typically believed. Abundant data confirms the anti-tumor activities of Tregs and their correlation with enhanced patient prognosis in specific types of malignancies. In this review, we summarize the potential anti-tumor actions of Tregs, including suppressing tumor-promoting inflammatory responses and boosting anti-tumor immunity. In addition, this study outlines the spatial and temporal variations in Tregs function to emphasize that their predictive significance in malignancies may change. It is essential to comprehend the functional diversity and potential anti-tumor effects of Tregs to improve tumor therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiangshu Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road. Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongiiang, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ting Wei
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- The Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Jiang C, Tian Y, Xu C, Zhang H, Gu L. Landscape of N1-methyladenosin (m1A) modification pattern in colorectal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1965. [PMID: 38115786 PMCID: PMC10849993 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a recently identified mRNA modification. However, it is still unclear that how m1A alteration affects the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). AIMS The landscape of m1A modification patterns regarding tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in CRC is a lack of knowledge. Thus, this study will utilize the public database to comprehensively evaluate of multiple m1A methylation regulators in CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed 398 patients with CRC and 39 healthy people for negative control, using the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate m1A modification patterns regarding tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in CRC. The m1Ascore was developed via principal component analysis. And its clinical value in prognosis of CRC was further explored. Our study revealed 12 key m1A-related DEGs including CLDN3, MUC2 and CCDC85B which are identified associated with invasion and metastasis in CRC. The most important biological processes linked to weak immune response and poor prognosis were the regulation of RNA metabolism and RNA biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that compared to patients with low m1A scores, those with high m1A scores had higher percentage, larger tumor burdens, and worse prognosis. CONCLUSION Significantly diverse m1A modification patterns can be seen in CRC. Through its impact on TIME and immunological dysfunction, the heterogeneity of m1A alteration patterns influences the prognosis of CRC. This study provided novel insights into the m1A modification in CRC which might promote the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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6
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Ligan C, Ma XH, Zhao SL, Zhao W. The regulatory role and mechanism of mast cells in tumor microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1-15. [PMID: 38323271 PMCID: PMC10839313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have emerged as pivotal contributors to both the defensive immune response and immunomodulation. They also exhibit regulatory functions in modulating pathological processes across various allergic diseases. The impact of MC presence within tumor tissues has garnered considerable attention, yielding conflicting findings. While some studies propose that MCs within tumor tissues promote tumor initiation and progression, others advocate an opposing perspective. Notably, evidence emphasizes the dual role of MCs in cancer, both as promoters and suppressors, is crucial for optimizing cancer treatment strategies. These conflicting viewpoints have generated substantial controversy, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of MC's role in tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryl Ligan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Ma
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Li Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Guo X, Sun M, Yang P, Meng X, Liu R. Role of mast cells activation in the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy of cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176103. [PMID: 37852570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The mast cell is an important cellular component that plays a crucial role in the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, numerous studies have indicated that mast cells related to tumors play a dual role in regulating cancers, with conflicting results seemingly determined by the degranulation medium. As such, mast cells are an ignored but very promising potential target for cancer immunotherapy based on their immunomodulatory function. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the roles and mechanisms of mast cells in diverse cancer types. Firstly, we evaluated the infiltration density and location of mast cells on tumor progression. Secondly, mast cells are activated by the TME and subsequently release a range of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, chemokines, and lipid products that modulate their pro-or anti-tumor functions. Thirdly, activated mast cells engage in intercellular communication with other immune or stromal cells to modulate the immune status or promote tumor development. Finally, we deliberated on the clinical significance of targeting mast cells as a therapeutic approach to restrict tumor initiation and progression. Overall, our review aims to provide insights for future research on the role of mast cells in tumors and their potential as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingchen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Kleuskens MTA, Bek MK, Al Halabi Y, Blokhuis BRJ, Diks MAP, Haasnoot ML, Garssen J, Bredenoord AJ, van Esch BCAM, Redegeld FA. Mast cells disrupt the function of the esophageal epithelial barrier. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:567-577. [PMID: 37302713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) accumulate in the epithelium of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an inflammatory disorder characterized by extensive esophageal eosinophilic infiltration. Esophageal barrier dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of EoE. We hypothesized that MCs contribute to the observed impaired esophageal epithelial barrier. Herein, we demonstrate that coculture of differentiated esophageal epithelial cells with immunoglobulin E-activated MCs significanly decreased epithelial resistance by 30% and increased permeability by 22% compared with non-activated MCs. These changes were associated with decreased messenger RNA expression of barrier proteins filaggrin, desmoglein-1 and involucrin, and antiprotease serine peptidase inhibitor kazal type 7. Using targeted proteomics, we detected various cytokines in coculture supernatants, most notably granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and oncostatin M (OSM). OSM expression was increased by 12-fold in active EoE and associated with MC marker genes. Furthermore, OSM receptor-expressing esophageal epithelial cells were found in the esophageal tissue of patients with EoE, suggesting that the epithelial cells may respond to OSM. Stimulation of esophageal epithelial cells with OSM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in barrier function and expression of filaggrin and desmoglein-1 and an increase in protease calpain-14. Taken together, these data suggest a role for MCs in decreasing esophageal epithelial barrier function in EoE, which may in part be mediated by OSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle T A Kleuskens
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie K Bek
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Youmna Al Halabi
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart R J Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara A P Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria L Haasnoot
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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9
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Liu X, Li X, Wei H, Liu Y, Li N. Mast cells in colorectal cancer tumour progression, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209056. [PMID: 37497234 PMCID: PMC10366593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of the tumour cells, as well as how tumour cells interact with their surroundings, affect the prognosis of cancer patients. The resident cells in the tumour microenvironment are mast cells (MCs), which are known for their functions in allergic responses, but their functions in the cancer milieu have been hotly contested. Several studies have revealed a link between MCs and the development of tumours. Mast cell proliferation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with angiogenesis, the number of lymph nodes to which the malignancy has spread, and patient prognosis. By releasing angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, CXCL 8, MMP-9, etc.) and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF-C, VEGF-D, etc.) stored in granules, mast cells play a significant role in the development of CRC. On the other hand, MCs can actively encourage tumour development via pathways including the c-kit/SCF-dependent signaling cascade and histamine production. The impact of MC-derived mediators on tumour growth, the prognostic importance of MCs in patients with various stages of colorectal cancer, and crosstalk between MCs and CRC cells in the tumour microenvironment are discussed in this article. We acknowledge the need for a deeper comprehension of the function of MCs in CRC and the possibility that targeting MCs might be a useful therapeutic approach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haotian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ningxu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Mestrallet G, Brown M, Bozkus CC, Bhardwaj N. Immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy in mismatch repair deficient tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210164. [PMID: 37492581 PMCID: PMC10363668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 30% of colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers have a deficiency in mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression due to either germline or epigenetic inactivation. Patients with Lynch Syndrome who inherit an inactive MMR allele have an up to 80% risk for developing a mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) cancer. Due to an inability to repair DNA, MMRd tumors present with genomic instability in microsatellite regions (MS). Tumors with high MS instability (MSI-H) are characterized by an increased frequency of insertion/deletions (indels) that can encode novel neoantigens if they occur in coding regions. The high tumor antigen burden for MMRd cancers is accompanied by an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) that contributes to the clinical effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy in this patient population. However, between 40 and 70% of MMRd cancer patients do not respond to treatment with PD-1 blockade, suggesting that tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic resistance mechanisms may affect the success of checkpoint blockade. Immune evasion mechanisms that occur during early tumorigenesis and persist through cancer development may provide a window into resistance pathways that limit the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms of immune escape in MMRd tumors during development and checkpoint blockade treatment, including T cell dysregulation and myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression in the TME. Finally, we discuss the development of new therapeutic approaches to tackle resistance in MMRd tumors, including cancer vaccines, therapies targeting immunosuppressive myeloid programs, and immune checkpoint combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mestrallet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Brown
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cansu Cimen Bozkus
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hess Center for Science & Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Extramural member, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Sulsenti R, Jachetti E. Frenemies in the Microenvironment: Harnessing Mast Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1692. [PMID: 37376140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies are influenced by the interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, comprising fibroblasts, immune cells, and extracellular matrix proteins. In this context, mast cells (MCs) have recently emerged as important players. Yet, their role is still controversial, as MCs can exert pro- or anti-tumor functions in different tumor types depending on their location within or around the tumor mass and their interaction with other components of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we describe the main aspects of MC biology and the different contribution of MCs in promoting or inhibiting cancer growth. We then discuss possible therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MCs for cancer immunotherapy, which include: (1) targeting c-Kit signaling; (2) stabilizing MC degranulation; (3) triggering activating/inhibiting receptors; (4) modulating MC recruitment; (5) harnessing MC mediators; (6) adoptive transferring of MCs. Such strategies should aim to either restrain or sustain MC activity according to specific contexts. Further investigation would allow us to better dissect the multifaceted roles of MCs in cancer and tailor novel approaches for an "MC-guided" personalized medicine to be used in combination with conventional anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sulsenti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Säisä-Borreill S, Davidson G, Kleiber T, Thevenot A, Martin E, Mondot S, Blottière H, Helleux A, Mengus G, Plateroti M, Duluc I, Davidson I, Freund JN. General transcription factor TAF4 antagonizes epigenetic silencing by Polycomb to maintain intestine stem cell functions. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:839-853. [PMID: 36639541 PMCID: PMC9984434 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taf4 (TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 4) is a subunit of the general transcription factor TFIID, a component of the RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex that interacts with tissue-specific transcription factors to regulate gene expression. Properly regulated gene expression is particularly important in the intestinal epithelium that is constantly renewed from stem cells. Tissue-specific inactivation of Taf4 in murine intestinal epithelium during embryogenesis compromised gut morphogenesis and the emergence of adult-type stem cells. In adults, Taf4 loss impacted the stem cell compartment and associated Paneth cells in the stem cell niche, epithelial turnover and differentiation of mature cells, thus exacerbating the response to inflammatory challenge. Taf4 inactivation ex vivo in enteroids prevented budding formation and maintenance and caused broad chromatin remodeling and a strong reduction in the numbers of stem and progenitor cells with a concomitant increase in an undifferentiated cell population that displayed high activity of the Ezh2 and Suz12 components of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Treatment of Taf4-mutant enteroids with a specific Ezh2 inhibitor restored buddings, cell proliferation and the stem/progenitor compartment. Taf4 loss also led to increased PRC2 activity in cells of adult crypts associated with modification of the immune/inflammatory microenvironment that potentiated Apc-driven tumorigenesis. Our results reveal a novel function of Taf4 in antagonizing PRC2-mediated repression of the stem cell gene expression program to assure normal development, homeostasis, and immune-microenvironment of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Säisä-Borreill
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1113/IRFAC, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, CNRS/Inserm/University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch Cédex, France
| | - Thomas Kleiber
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, CNRS/Inserm/University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch Cédex, France
- Orphazyme, Ole Maaloes 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andréa Thevenot
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1113/IRFAC, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1113/IRFAC, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hervé Blottière
- University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alexandra Helleux
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, CNRS/Inserm/University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch Cédex, France
| | - Gabrielle Mengus
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, CNRS/Inserm/University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch Cédex, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1113/IRFAC, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Duluc
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1113/IRFAC, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, CNRS/Inserm/University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch Cédex, France
| | - Jean-Noel Freund
- University of Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR-S1113/IRFAC, FHU ARRIMAGE, FMTS, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
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di Vito R, Di Mezza A, Conte C, Traina G. The Crosstalk between Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Mast Cells Is Modulated by the Probiotic Supplementation in Co-Culture Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044157. [PMID: 36835568 PMCID: PMC9963420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium constitutes a selectively permeable barrier between the internal and external environment that allows the absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water, as well as an effective defense against intraluminal bacteria, toxins, and potentially antigenic material. Experimental evidence suggest that intestinal inflammation is critically dependent on an imbalance of homeostasis between the gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system. In this context, mast cells play a crucial role. The intake of specific probiotic strains can prevent the development of gut inflammatory markers and activation of the immune system. Here, the effect of a probiotic formulation containing L. rhamnosus LR 32, B. lactis BL04, and B. longum BB 536 on intestinal epithelial cells and mast cells was investigated. To mimic the natural host compartmentalization, Transwell co-culture models were set up. Co-cultures of intestinal epithelial cells interfaced with the human mast cell line HMC-1.2 in the basolateral chamber were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated with probiotics. In the HT29/HMC-1.2 co-culture, the probiotic formulation was able to counteract the LPS-induced release of interleukin 6 from HMC-1.2, and was effective in preserving the epithelial barrier integrity in the HT29/Caco-2/ HMC-1.2 co-culture. The results suggest the potential therapeutic effect of the probiotic formulation.
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14
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Molfetta R, Paolini R. The Controversial Role of Intestinal Mast Cells in Colon Cancer. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766801 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident sentinels involved in large number of physiological and pathological processes, such as infection and allergic response, thanks to the expression of a wide array of receptors. Mast cells are also frequently observed in a tumor microenvironment, suggesting their contribution in the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. In particular, the link between inflammation and colorectal cancer development is becoming increasingly clear. It has long been recognized that patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Evidence from experimental animals also implicates the innate immune system in the development of sporadically occurring intestinal adenomas, the precursors to colorectal cancer. However, the exact role of mast cells in tumor initiation and growth remains controversial: mast cell-derived mediators can either exert pro-tumorigenic functions, causing the progression and spread of the tumor, or anti-tumorigenic functions, limiting the tumor's growth. Here, we review the multifaceted and often contrasting findings regarding the role of the intestinal mast cells in colon cancer progression focusing on the molecular pathways mainly involved in the regulation of mast cell plasticity/functions during tumor progression.
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15
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Zuurveld M, Díaz CB, Redegeld F, Folkerts G, Garssen J, van’t Land B, Willemsen LE. An advanced in vitro human mucosal immune model to predict food sensitizing allergenicity risk: A proof of concept using ovalbumin as model allergen. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1073034. [PMID: 36700233 PMCID: PMC9869142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The global demand of sustainable food sources leads to introduction of novel foods on the market, which may pose a risk of inducing allergic sensitization. Currently there are no validated in vitro assays mimicking the human mucosal immune system to study sensitizing allergenicity risk of novel food proteins. The aim of this study was to introduce a series of sequential human epithelial and immune cell cocultures mimicking key immune events after exposure to the common food allergen ovalbumin from intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) activation up to mast cell degranulation. Methods This in vitro human mucosal food sensitizing allergenicity model combines crosstalk between IEC and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC), followed by coculture of the primed moDCs with allogenic naïve CD4+ T cells. During subsequent coculture of primed CD4+ T cells with naïve B cells, IgE isotype-switching was monitored and supernatants were added to primary human mast cells to investigate degranulation upon IgE crosslinking. Mediator secretion and surface marker expression of immune cells were determined. Results Ovalbumin activates IEC and underlying moDCs, both resulting in downstream IgE isotype-switching. However, only direct exposure of moDCs to ovalbumin drives Th2 polarization and a humoral B cell response allowing for IgE mediated mast cell degranulation, IL13 and IL4 release in this sequential DC-T cell-B cell-mast cell model, indicating also an immunomodulatory role for IEC. Conclusion This in vitro coculture model combines multiple key events involved in allergic sensitization from epithelial cell to mast cell, which can be applied to study the allergic mechanism and sensitizing capacity of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Zuurveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Marit Zuurveld, ; Linette E.M. Willemsen,
| | - Cristina Bueno Díaz
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Immunology Platform, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van’t Land
- Immunology Platform, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E.M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Marit Zuurveld, ; Linette E.M. Willemsen,
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16
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Shi S, Ye L, Yu X, Jin K, Wu W. Focus on mast cells in the tumor microenvironment: Current knowledge and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188845. [PMID: 36476563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are crucial cells participating in both innate and adaptive immune processes that play important roles in protecting human health and in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as allergies, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In the context of tumors, MCs are a non-negligible population of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In most tumor types, MCs accumulate in both the tumor tissue and the surrounding tissue. MCs interact with multiple components of the TME, affecting TME remodeling and the tumor cell fate. However, controversy persists regarding whether MCs contribute to tumor progression or trigger an anti-tumor immune response. This review focuses on the context of the TME to explore the specific properties and functions of MCs and discusses the crosstalk that occurs between MCs and other components of the TME, which affect tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and tumor immunity through different mechanisms. We also anticipate the potential role of MCs in cancer immunotherapy, which might expand upon the success achieved with existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Chen J, Wang S, Blokhuis B, Ruijtenbeek R, Garssen J, Redegeld F. Cell Death Triggers Induce MLKL Cleavage in Multiple Myeloma Cells, Which may Promote Cell Death. Front Oncol 2022; 12:907036. [PMID: 35965541 PMCID: PMC9369655 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.907036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a type of caspase-independent programmed cell death that has been implicated in cancer development. Activation of the canonical necroptotic pathway is often characterized with successive signaling events as the phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), followed by MLKL oligomerization and plasma membrane rupture. Here, we demonstrate that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA/EPA and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induce necroptosis in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells in a RIPK3 independent manner. In addition, it seemed to be that phosphorylation of MLKL was not essential for necroptosis induction in MM cells. We show that treatment of MM cells with these cytotoxic compounds induced cleavage of MLKL into a 35 kDa protein. Furthermore, proteolytic cleavage of MLKL was triggered by activated caspase-3/8/10, and mutation of Asp140Ala in MLKL blocked this cleavage. The pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK efficiently prevented DHA/EPA and bortezomib induced cell death. In addition, nuclear translocation of total MLKL and the C-terminus were detected in treated MM cells. Collectively, this present study suggests that caspase-mediated necroptosis may occur under (patho)physiological conditions, delineating a novel regulatory mechanism of necroptosis in RIPK3-deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frank Redegeld,
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18
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Peña-romero AC, Orenes-piñero E. Dual Effect of Immune Cells within Tumour Microenvironment: Pro- and Anti-Tumour Effects and Their Triggers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1681. [PMID: 35406451 PMCID: PMC8996887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our body is constantly exposed to pathogens or external threats, but with the immune response that our body can develop, we can fight off and defeat possible attacks or infections. Nevertheless, sometimes this threat comes from an internal factor. Situations such as the existence of a tumour also cause our immune system (IS) to be put on alert. Indeed, the link between immunology and cancer is evident these days, with IS being used as one of the important targets for treating cancer. Our IS is able to eliminate those abnormal or damaged cells found in our body, preventing the uncontrolled proliferation of tumour cells that can lead to cancer. However, in several cases, tumour cells can escape from the IS. It has been observed that immune cells, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, fat cells and various molecules could support tumour growth and development. Thus, the developing tumour receives structural support, irrigation and energy, among other resources, making its survival and progression possible. All these components that accompany and help the tumour to survive and to grow are called the tumour microenvironment (TME). Given the importance of its presence in the tumour development process, this review will focus on one of the components of the TME: immune cells. Immune cells can support anti-tumour immune response protecting us against tumour cells; nevertheless, they can also behave as pro-tumoural cells, thus promoting tumour progression and survival. In this review, the anti-tumour and pro-tumour immunity of several immune cells will be discussed. In addition, the TME influence on this dual effect will be also analysed.
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19
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Zhao P, Zhou P, Tang T, Si R, Ji Y, Hu X, Li A, Jiang Y. Levels of circulating mast cell progenitors and tumour‑infiltrating mast cells in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:89. [PMID: 35293596 PMCID: PMC8931805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been an area of intense interest. Mast cell density is closely related to CRC development and prognosis. The identification of mast cell progenitors (MCps) in peripheral blood provides an opportunity to explore the frequency and distribution of mast cells in the circulation and tumour microenvironment of patients with CRC at different disease stages. The aim of the presents study was to investigate the changes of MCps and mast cells in CRC. Flow cytometry was used to measure the circulating frequency of MCps in 37 patients with CRC and 12 healthy control (HC) patients, and the frequency of mast cells in tissue from 15 patients with CRC and 7 patients with haemorrhoids. In the present study, lower levels of circulating MCps in patients with CRC were found, which was significantly related to CRC development. After surgery, the frequency of circulating MCps was significantly increased. However, the frequency of mast cells in tumour tissues was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues and compared with HC tissues and was not associated with CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Peiwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Si
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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20
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Saliba J, Coutaud B, Makhani K, Epstein Roth N, Jackson J, Park JY, Gagnon N, Costa P, Jeyakumar T, Bury M, Beauchemin N, Mann KK, Blank V. Loss of NFE2L3 protects against inflammation-induced colorectal cancer through modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2022; 41:1563-1575. [PMID: 35091681 PMCID: PMC8913363 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of the NFE2L3 transcription factor in inflammation-induced colorectal cancer. Our studies revealed that Nfe2l3−/− mice exhibit significantly less inflammation in the colon, reduced tumor size and numbers, and skewed localization of tumors with a more pronounced decrease of tumors in the distal colon. CIBERSORT analysis of RNA-seq data from normal and tumor tissue predicted a reduction in mast cells in Nfe2l3−/− animals, which was confirmed by toluidine blue staining. Concomitantly, the transcript levels of Il33 and Rab27a, both important regulators of mast cells, were reduced and increased, respectively, in the colorectal tumors of Nfe2l3−/− mice. Furthermore, we validated NFE2L3 binding to the regulatory sequences of the IL33 and RAB27A loci in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Using digital spatial profiling, we found that Nfe2l3−/− mice presented elevated FOXP3 and immune checkpoint markers CTLA4, TIM3, and LAG3, suggesting an increase in Treg counts. Staining for CD3 and FOXP3 confirmed a significant increase in immunosuppressive Tregs in the colon of Nfe2l3−/− animals. Also, Human Microbiome Project (HMP2) data showed that NFE2L3 transcript levels are higher in the rectum of ulcerative colitis patients. The observed changes in the tumor microenvironment provide new insights into the molecular differences regarding colon cancer sidedness. This may be exploited for the treatment of early-onset colorectal cancer as this emerging subtype primarily displays distal/left-sided tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Saliba
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kiran Makhani
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noam Epstein Roth
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennie Jackson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Life Sciences Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joo Yeoun Park
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Paolo Costa
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thiviya Jeyakumar
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marina Bury
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,De Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Departments of Oncology, Biochemistry and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Segura-villalobos D, Ramírez-moreno IG, Martínez-aguilar M, Ibarra-sánchez A, Muñoz-bello JO, Anaya-rubio I, Padilla A, Macías-silva M, Lizano M, González-espinosa C. Mast Cell–Tumor Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms of Recruitment, Intratumoral Communication and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:349. [PMID: 35159157 PMCID: PMC8834237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors and promote or limit tumor growth, a possible polarization of MCs to pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral phenotypes has been proposed and remains as a challenging research field. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between MCs and tumor cells. In particular, we consider: (1) the multifaceted role of MCs on tumor growth suggested by histological analysis of tumor biopsies and studies performed in MC-deficient animal models; (2) the signaling pathways triggered by tumor-derived chemotactic mediators and bioactive lipids that promote MC migration and modulate their function inside tumors; (3) the possible phenotypic changes on MCs triggered by prevalent conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia; (4) the signaling pathways that specifically lead to the production of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF; and (5) the possible role of MCs on tumor fibrosis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the novel literature on the molecular mechanisms potentially related to phenotypic changes that MCs undergo into the TME and some therapeutic strategies targeting MC activation to limit tumor growth.
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22
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Wang W, Xu C, Ren Y, Wang S, Liao C, Fu X, Hu H. A Novel Cancer Stemness-Related Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Colon Adenocarcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7036059. [PMID: 34691191 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7036059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the cancer stemness features and develop a novel cancer stemness-related prognostic signature for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods We downloaded the mRNA expression data and clinical data of COAD from TCGA database and GEO database. Stemness index, mRNAsi, was utilized to investigate cancer stemness features. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify cancer stemness-related genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to construct a prognostic risk cancer stemness-related signature. We then performed internal and external validation. The relationship between cancer stemness and COAD immune microenvironment was investigated. Results COAD patients with higher mRNAsi score or EREG-mRNAsi score have significant longer overall survival (OS). We identified 483 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between the high and low mRNAsi score groups. We developed a cancer stemness-related signature using fifteen genes (including RAB31, COL6A3, COL5A2, CCDC80, ADAM12, VGLL3, ECM2, POSTN, DPYSL3, PCDH7, CRISPLD2, COLEC12, NRP2, ISLR, and CCDC8) for prognosis prediction of COAD. Low-risk score was associated with significantly preferable OS in comparison with high-risk score, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for OS prediction was 0.705. The prognostic signature was an independent predictor for OS of COAD. Macrophages, mast cells, and T helper cells were the vital infiltration immune cells, and APC costimulation and type II IFN response were the vital immune pathways in COAD. Conclusions We developed and validated a novel cancer stemness-related prognostic signature for COAD, which would contribute to understanding of molecular mechanism in COAD.
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Wallace K, El Nahas GJ, Bookhout C, Thaxton JE, Lewin DN, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Cohen SM, Brazeal JG, Hill EG, Wu JD, Baron JA, Alekseyenko AV. Immune Responses Vary in Preinvasive Colorectal Lesions by Tumor Location and Histology. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:885-892. [PMID: 34341013 PMCID: PMC8811707 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses vary in colorectal cancers, which strongly influence prognosis. However, little is known about the variance in immune response within preinvasive lesions. The study aims to investigate how the immune contexture differs by clinicopathologic features (location, histology, dysplasia) associated with progression and recurrence in early carcinogenesis. We performed a cross-sectional study using preinvasive lesions from the surgical pathology laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina. We stained the tissues with immunofluorescence antibodies, then scanned and analyzed expression using automated image analysis software. We stained CD117 as a marker of mast cells, CD4/RORC to indicate Th17 cells, MICA/B as a marker of NK-cell ligands, and also used antibodies directed against cytokines IL6, IL17A, and IFNγ. We used negative binomial regression analysis to compare analyte density counts by location, histology, degree of dysplasia adjusted for age, sex, race, and batch. All immune markers studied (except IL17a) had significantly higher density counts in the proximal colon than distal colon and rectum. Increases in villous histology were associated with significant decreases in immune responses for IL6, IL17a, NK ligand, and mast cells. No differences were observed in lesions with low- and high-grade dysplasia, except in mast cells. The lesions of the proximal colon were rich in immune infiltrate, paralleling the responses observed in normal mucosa and invasive disease. The diminishing immune response with increasing villous histology suggests an immunologically suppressive tumor environment. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of the immune responses in preinvasive lesions, which may have implications for prevention strategies. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Our study is focused on immune infiltrate expression in preinvasive colorectal lesions; our results suggest important differences by clinicopathologic features that have implications for immune prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wallace
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Georges J El Nahas
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Christine Bookhout
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David N Lewin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Stephanie M Cohen
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - J Grant Brazeal
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, The Biomedical Informatics Center, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina
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Wang X, Undi RB, Ali N, Huycke MM. It takes a village: microbiota, parainflammation, paligenosis and bystander effects in colorectal cancer initiation. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048793. [PMID: 33969420 PMCID: PMC10621663 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality. It arises from a complex milieu of host and environmental factors, including genetic and epigenetic changes in colon epithelial cells that undergo mutation, selection, clonal expansion, and transformation. The gut microbiota has recently gained increasing recognition as an additional important factor contributing to CRC. Several gut bacteria are known to initiate CRC in animal models and have been associated with human CRC. In this Review, we discuss the factors that contribute to CRC and the role of the gut microbiota, focusing on a recently described mechanism for cancer initiation, the so-called microbiota-induced bystander effect (MIBE). In this cancer mechanism, microbiota-driven parainflammation is believed to act as a source of endogenous mutation, epigenetic change and induced pluripotency, leading to the cancerous transformation of colon epithelial cells. This theory links the gut microbiota to key risk factors and common histologic features of sporadic CRC. MIBE is analogous to the well-characterized radiation-induced bystander effect. Both phenomena drive DNA damage, chromosomal instability, stress response signaling, altered gene expression, epigenetic modification and cellular proliferation in bystander cells. Myeloid-derived cells are important effectors in both phenomena. A better understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiota and mucosal immune effector cells that generate bystander effects can potentially identify triggers for parainflammation, and gain new insights into CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Wang
- Nantong Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Nantong Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226018, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ram Babu Undi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Naushad Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mark M. Huycke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Pramil E, Dillard C, Escargueil AE. Colorectal Cancer and Immunity: From the Wet Lab to Individuals. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071713. [PMID: 33916641 PMCID: PMC8038567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tackling the current dilemma of colorectal cancer resistance to immunotherapy is puzzling and requires novel therapeutic strategies to emerge. However, characterizing the intricate interactions between cancer and immune cells remains difficult because of the complexity and heterogeneity of both compartments. Developing rationales is intellectually feasible but testing them can be experimentally challenging and requires the development of innovative procedures and protocols. In this review, we delineated useful in vitro and in vivo models used for research in the field of immunotherapy that are or could be applied to colorectal cancer management and lead to major breakthroughs in the coming years. Abstract Immunotherapy is a very promising field of research and application for treating cancers, in particular for those that are resistant to chemotherapeutics. Immunotherapy aims at enhancing immune cell activation to increase tumor cells recognition and killing. However, some specific cancer types, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), are less responsive than others to the current immunotherapies. Intrinsic resistance can be mediated by the development of an immuno-suppressive environment in CRC. The mutational status of cancer cells also plays a role in this process. CRC can indeed be distinguished in two main subtypes. Microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors show a hyper-mutable phenotype caused by the deficiency of the DNA mismatch repair machinery (MMR) while microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors show a comparatively more “stable” mutational phenotype. Several studies demonstrated that MSI CRC generally display good prognoses for patients and immunotherapy is considered as a therapeutic option for this type of tumors. On the contrary, MSS metastatic CRC usually presents a worse prognosis and is not responsive to immunotherapy. According to this, developing new and innovative models for studying CRC response towards immune targeted therapies has become essential in the last years. Herein, we review the in vitro and in vivo models used for research in the field of immunotherapy applied to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Pramil
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.P.); (C.D.)
- Alliance Pour la Recherche en Cancérologie—APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Dillard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.P.); (C.D.)
- Alliance Pour la Recherche en Cancérologie—APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre E. Escargueil
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; (E.P.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-49-28-46-44
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26
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Yoon PS, Del Piccolo N, Shirure VS, Peng Y, Kirane A, Canter RJ, Fields RC, George SC, Gholami S. Advances in Modeling the Immune Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:614300. [PMID: 33643296 PMCID: PMC7902698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver and these patients have a particularly poor prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells into CRC tumors and liver metastases accurately predicts disease progression and patient survival. Despite the evident influence of immune cells in the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME), efforts to identify immunotherapies for CRC patients have been limited. Here, we argue that preclinical model systems that recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment-including tumor, stromal, and immune cells; the extracellular matrix; and the vasculature-are crucial for studies of immunity in the CRC TME and the utility of immunotherapies for CRC patients. We briefly review the discoveries, advantages, and disadvantages of current in vitro and in vivo model systems, including 2D cell culture models, 3D culture systems, murine models, and organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sukwoo Yoon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Nuala Del Piccolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Venktesh S Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yushuan Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amanda Kirane
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sepideh Gholami
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Reidy E, Leonard NA, Treacy O, Ryan AE. A 3D View of Colorectal Cancer Models in Predicting Therapeutic Responses and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E227. [PMID: 33435170 PMCID: PMC7827038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been many advances in recent years for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it still remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients with late stage CRC display resistance to multiple different therapeutics. An important aspect in developing effective therapeutics for CRC patients is understanding the interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as it has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in vivo. Much research over the past 100 years has focused on 2D monolayer cultures or in vivo studies, however, the efficacy in translating these to the clinic is very low. More recent studies are turning towards developing an effective 3D model of CRC that is clinically relevant, that can recapitulate the TME in vitro and bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, with the aim of reducing the use of animal models in the future. This review summarises the advantages and limitations of different 3D CRC models. It emphasizes how different 3D models may be optimised to study cellular and extracellular interactions that take place in the TME of CRC in an effort to allow the development of more translatable effective treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Reidy
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, NUI Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh A. Leonard
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Aideen E. Ryan
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, NUI Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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28
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Wang W, Zhong Y, Zhuang Z, Xie J, Lu Y, Huang C, Sun Y, Wu L, Yin J, Yu H, Jiang Z, Wang S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Han C, Zhong Z, Hu J, Ouyang Y, Liu H, Yu M, Wei X, Chen D, Huang L, Hou Y, Lin Z, Liu S, Ling F, Yao X. Multiregion single-cell sequencing reveals the transcriptional landscape of the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e253. [PMID: 33463049 PMCID: PMC7775989 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem formed by distinct and interacting cell populations, and its composition is related to cancer prognosis and response to clinical treatment. In this study, we have taken the advantage of two single-cell RNA sequencing technologies (Smart-seq2 and DNBelab C4) to generate an atlas of 15,115 immune and nonimmune cells from primary tumors and hepatic metastases of 18 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We observed extensive changes in the proportions and functional states of T cells and B cells in tumor tissues, compared to those of paired non-tumor tissues. Importantly, we found that B cells from early CRC tumor were identified to be pre-B like expressing tumor suppressors, whereas B cells from advanced CRC tumors tended to be developed into plasma cells. We also identified the association of IgA+ IGLC2+ plasma cells with poor CRC prognosis, and demonstrated a significant interaction between B-cell and myeloid-cell signaling, and found CCL8+ cycling B cells/CCR5+ T-cell interactions as a potential antitumoral mechanism in advanced CRC tumors. Our results provide deeper insights into the immune infiltration within CRC, and a new perspective for the future research in immunotherapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Yu Zhong
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Jiarui Xie
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Yueer Lu
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yan Sun
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Jianhua Yin
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Hang Yu
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Chunqing Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Yilin Huang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chongyin Han
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhenggang Zhong
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jialin Hu
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ying Ouyang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Huisheng Liu
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Mengya Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | | | | | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single‐Cell OmicsShenzhenChina
| | - Zhanglin Lin
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single‐Cell OmicsShenzhenChina
- The Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory On Immunological And Genetic Kidney DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fei Ling
- School of Biology and Biological EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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29
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Gamez-Belmonte R, Erkert L, Wirtz S, Becker C. The Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation and Cancer Development by Type 2 Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249772. [PMID: 33371444 PMCID: PMC7767427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is among the most complex organs of the human body. It has to exert several functions including food and water absorption while setting up an efficient barrier to the outside world. Dysfunction of the gut can be life-threatening. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease, infections, or colorectal cancer, therefore, pose substantial challenges to clinical care. The intestinal epithelium plays an important role in intestinal disease development. It not only establishes an important barrier against the gut lumen but also constantly signals information about the gut lumen and its composition to immune cells in the bowel wall. Such signaling across the epithelial barrier also occurs in the other direction. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to cytokines and other mediators of immune cells in the lamina propria and shape the microbial community within the gut by producing various antimicrobial peptides. Thus, the epithelium can be considered as an interpreter between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system, safeguarding and moderating communication to the benefit of the host. Type 2 immune responses play important roles in immune-epithelial communication. They contribute to gut tissue homeostasis and protect the host against infections with helminths. However, they are also involved in pathogenic pathways in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. The current review provides an overview of current concepts regarding type 2 immune responses in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology.
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30
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Sammarco G, Gallo G, Vescio G, Picciariello A, De Paola G, Trompetto M, Currò G, Ammendola M. Mast Cells, microRNAs and Others: The Role of Translational Research on Colorectal Cancer in the Forthcoming Era of Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092852. [PMID: 32899322 PMCID: PMC7564551 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, molecularly and anatomically, that develops in a multi-step process requiring the accumulation of several genetic or epigenetic mutations that lead to the gradual transformation of normal mucosa into cancer. In fact, tumorigenesis is extremely complex, with many immunologic and non-immunologic factors present in the tumor microenvironment that can influence tumorigenesis. In the last few years, a role for mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B (BRAF) in cancer development and progression has been suggested, and numerous efforts have been made to thoroughly assess their correlation with CRC to improve patient survival and quality of life. The identification of easily measurable, non-invasive and cost-effective biomarkers, the so-called "ideal biomarkers", for CRC screening and treatment remains a high priority. The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging role of mast cells (MCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), KRAS and BRAF as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, evaluating their influence as potential therapy targets in the forthcoming era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sammarco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-32-8438-5222
| | - Giuseppina Vescio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Arcangelo Picciariello
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Piazza G Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gilda De Paola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.P.)
| | - Mario Trompetto
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, S. Rita Clinic, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.)
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31
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Paredes J, Zabaleta J, Garai J, Ji P, Imtiaz S, Spagnardi M, Alvarado J, Li L, Akadri M, Barrera K, Munoz-Sagastibelza M, Gupta R, Alshal M, Agaronov M, Talus H, Wang X, Carethers JM, Williams JL, Martello LA. Immune-Related Gene Expression and Cytokine Secretion Is Reduced Among African American Colon Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1498. [PMID: 32983990 PMCID: PMC7492388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most deadly cancer among African Americans (AA). When compared to Caucasian Americans (CA), AA present with more advanced disease and lower survival rates. Here, we investigated if differences in tumor immunology could be contributive to disparities observed between these populations. Methods: We examined gene expression of tumor and non-tumor adjacent tissues from AA and CA by whole transcriptome sequencing, and generated scores for immune cell populations by NanoString. In addition, we utilized “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) database from AA and CA as a validation cohort. Finally, we measured the secretion of cytokines characteristic of effector T helper cell (Th) subsets by ELISA using plasma from each AA and CA participant. Results: Colon tumors from AA patients showed significant fold-change increase in gene expression when compared to CA for FOXP3 (6.22 vs. 3.22), IL1B (103 vs. 11.4) and IL8 (220 vs. 28.9) (p < 0.05). In contrast, among CA we observed statistically higher gene expression of markers associated with antitumor activity such as GZMB (Granzyme B), IFNG and the immunotherapy targets PDL1 (CD274) and CTLA4 (p < 0.05). TCGA data validated our observed higher gene expression of GZMB and PDL1 in CA patients when compared to AA. Notably, our observations on immune cell populations show that AA tumors have significantly higher number of exhausted CD8+ cells (p < 0.01), mast cells (p < 0.02) and increased T regulatory cells when compared to CA. AA colon cancer patients differed from CA in cytokine production patterns in plasma (i.e., reduced IL-12). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates significant differences of the immunological profiles of colon tumors from AA compared to CA that suggest a deficiency of appropriate immune defense mechanisms in terms of gene expression, recruitment of immune cells and systemic secretion of cytokines. As such, these immune differences could be mitigated through population-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Paredes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sayed Imtiaz
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Marzia Spagnardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Joussette Alvarado
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Li Li
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mubarak Akadri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Kaylene Barrera
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Maria Munoz-Sagastibelza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Raavi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Alshal
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Maksim Agaronov
- Department of Pathology, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Henry Talus
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John M Carethers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jennie L Williams
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Laura A Martello
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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32
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Aponte-López A, Enciso J, Muñoz-Cruz S, Fuentes-Pananá EM. An In Vitro Model of Mast Cell Recruitment and Activation by Breast Cancer Cells Supports Anti-Tumoral Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5293. [PMID: 32722549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrC) affects millions of women yearly. Mast cells (MCs) are common components of breast tumors with documented agonistic and antagonistic roles in tumor progression. Understanding the participation of MCs in BrC may lead to new therapies to control tumor growth. In this study, we looked into mechanistic models of MC responses triggered by BrC cells (BrCC), assessing both early degranulation and late transcriptional activities. We used aggressive and non-aggressive BrCC to model the progressive staging of the disease over HMC1 and LAD-2 human MC lines. We found that both MC lines were chemoattracted by all BrCC, but their activation was preferentially induced by aggressive lines, finding differences in their active transcriptional programs, both at basal level and after stimulation. Among those genes with altered expression were down-regulated SPP1, PDCD1, IL17A and TGFB1 and up-regulated KITLG and IFNG. A low expression of SPP1 and a high expression of KITLG and IFNG were associated with increased overall survival of BrC patients from public databases. The set of altered genes is more often associated with tumor stromas enriched with anti-tumoral signals, suggesting that MCs may participate in tumor control.
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Abstract
Early mast cell (MC) infiltration has been reported in a wide range of human and animal tumors particularly malignant melanoma and breast and colorectal cancer. The consequences of their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or at their margins still remain unclear as it is associated with a good or poor prognosis based on the type and anatomical site of the tumor. Within the tumor, MC interactions occur with infiltrated immune cells, tumor cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) through direct cell-to-cell interactions or release of a broad range of mediators capable of remodeling the TME. MCs actively contribute to angiogenesis and induce neovascularization by releasing the classical proangiogenic factors including VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF, and IL-6, and nonclassical proangiogenic factors mainly proteases including tryptase and chymase. MCs support tumor invasiveness by releasing a broad range of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MC presence within the tumor gained additional significance when it was assumed that controlling its activation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib and masitinib) and tryptase inhibitors (gabexate and nafamostat mesylate) or controlling their interactions with other cell types may have therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident, innate immune cells that play a key role in the inflammatory response and tissue homeostasis. Mast cells accumulate in the tumor stroma of different human cancer types, and increased mast cell density has been associated to either good or poor prognosis, depending on the tumor type and stage. Mast cells play a multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment by modulating various events of tumor biology, such as cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis. Moreover, tumor-associated mast cells have the potential to shape the tumor microenvironment by establishing crosstalk with other tumor-infiltrating cells. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the role of mast cells in the tumor microenvironment. These cells have received much less attention than other tumor-associated immune cells but are now recognized as critical components of the tumor microenvironment and could hold promise as a potential target to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Yeon M, Lee S, Lee JE, Jung HS, Kim Y, Jeoung D. CAGE-miR-140-5p-Wnt1 Axis Regulates Autophagic Flux, Tumorigenic Potential of Mouse Colon Cancer Cells and Cellular Interactions Mediated by Exosomes. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1240. [PMID: 31799196 PMCID: PMC6868029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cancer/testis antigen CAGE has been implicated in tumorigenesis, the molecular mechanisms of CAGE-promoted tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. CT26Flag−CAGE cells, CT26 (mouse colon cancer cells) cells stably expressing CAGE, were established to investigate CAGE-promoted tumorigenesis. Down-regulation of CAGE led to decreased autophagic flux in CT26Flag−CAGE cells. CAGE interacted with Beclin1, a mediator of autophagy. The CT26Flag−CAGE cells showed enhanced autophagosome formation and displayed greater tumor spheroid-forming potential than CT26 cells. MicroRNA array analysis revealed that CAGE decreased the expression of various microRNAs, including miR-140-5p, in CT26 cells. CAGE was shown to bind to the promoter sequences of miR-140-5p. MiR-140-5p inhibition increased the tumorigenic potential of and autophagic flux in CT26 cells. A miR-140-5p mimic exerted negative effects on the tumorigenic potential of CT26Flag−CAGE cells and autophagic flux in CT26Flag−CAGE cells. MiR-140-5p was predicted to bind to the 3′-UTR of Wnt1. CT26Flag−CAGE cells showed higher expression of Wnt1 than CT26 cells. Down-regulation of Wnt1 decreased autophagic flux. Luciferase activity assays showed the direct regulation of wnt1 by miR-140-5p. Tumor tissue derived from the CT26Flag−CAGE cells revealed higher expressions of factors associated with activated mast cells and tumor-associated macrophages than tumor tissue derived from CT26 cells. Culture medium from the CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased autophagic flux in CT26 cells, mast cells and macrophages. Culture medium from the CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased CD163 and autophagic flux in CT26 cells, mast cells, and macrophages in a Wnt1-dependent manner. Exosomes from CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased autophagc flux in CT26 cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Exosomes from CT26Flag−CAGE cells increased the tumorigenic potential of CT26 cells. Wnt1 was shown to be present within the exosomes. Recombinant Wnt1 protein increased autophagic flux in CT26, mast cells, and macrophages. Recombinant wnt1 protein mediated interactions between the CT26 cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Our results showed novel roles for the CAGE-miR-140-5p-Wnt1 axis in autophagic flux and cellular interactions mediated by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- College of Medicine, Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea
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Saleh R, Elkord E. Acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy: Role of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 65:13-27. [PMID: 31362073 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells are constantly evolving to reduce neoantigen generation and the mutational burden to escape the anti-tumor response. This will lower tumor reactivity to the adaptive immune response and give rise to tumor intrinsic factors, such as altered expression of immune regulatory molecules on tumor cells. Tumor-extrinsic factors, such as immunosuppressive cells, soluble suppressive molecules or inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells will alter the composition and activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (by increasing T regulatory cells:T effector cells ratio and inhibiting T effector cell function) and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Together, these factors limit the response rates and clinical outcomes to a particular cancer therapy. Within the TME, the cross-talks between immune and non-immune cells result in the generation of positive feedback loops, which augment immunosuppression and support tumor growth and survival (termed as tumor-mediated immunosuppression). Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT), have shown therapeutic efficacy in hematologic cancers and different types of solid tumors. However, achieving durable response rates in some cancer patients remains a challenge as a result of acquired resistance and tumor immune evasion. This could be driven by the cellular and molecular suppressive network within the TME or due to the loss of tumor antigens. In this review, we describe the contribution of the immunosuppressive cellular and molecular tumor network to the development of acquired resistance against cancer immunotherapies. We also discuss potential combined therapeutic strategies which could help to overcome such resistance against cancer immunotherapies, and to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and improve clinical outcomes in patients.
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Yu Y, Blokhuis BR, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. A Transcriptomic Insight into the Impact of Colon Cancer Cells on Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1689. [PMID: 30987352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are one of the first immune cells recruited to a tumor. It is well recognized that MCs accumulate in colon cancer lesion and their density is associated with the clinical outcomes. However, the molecular mechanism of how colon cancer cells may modify MC function is still unclear. In this study, primary human MCs were generated from CD34+ progenitor cells and a 3D coculture model was developed to study the interplay between colon cancer cells and MCs. By comparing the transcriptomic profile of colon cancer-cocultured MCs versus control MCs, we identified a number of deregulated genes, such as MMP-2, VEGF-A, PDGF-A, COX2, NOTCH1 and ISG15, which contribute to the enrichment of cancer-related pathways. Intriguingly, pre-stimulation with a TLR2 agonist prior to colon cancer coculture induced upregulation of multiple interferon-inducible genes as well as MHC molecules in MCs. Our study provides an alternative approach to study the influence of colon cancer on MCs. The transcriptome signature of colon cancer-cocultured MCs may potentially reflect the mechanism of how colon cancer cells educate MCs to become pro-tumorigenic in the initial phase and how a subsequent inflammatory signal—e.g., TLR2 ligands—may modify their responses in the cancer milieu.
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Yu Y, Blokhuis BRJ, Diks MAP, Keshavarzian A, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Functional Inhibitory Siglec-6 Is Upregulated in Human Colorectal Cancer-Associated Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2138. [PMID: 30294327 PMCID: PMC6159741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) accumulate in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the relationship between MC density and cancer progression has been well recognized. MC can be either pro-tumor or anti-tumor players, depending on the local factors present in the tumor microenvironment. Upon malignant transformation, cancer cells express high levels of sialic acids on cell membrane or by secretion. Siglecs are a family of immunoglobulin-like receptors that bind sialic acids and each subtype has a distinct pattern of expression on immune cells. Among them, Siglec-6 is expressed predominately by MC. However, the function of Siglec-6 in MC is largely unexplored and whether it is expressed by CRC-associated MC remains unknown. In this study, we explored the function of Siglec-6 in CD34+ derived human MC. MC activation was initiated by IgE crosslinking with or without preincubation of anti-Siglec-6 Ab. Siglec-6 engagement significantly attenuated IgE-dependent MC degranulation as measured by ß-hexosaminidase release and CD63 expression. Interestingly, the production of GM-CSF was also shown reduced upon Siglec-6 engagement. To mimic the milieu of CRC, we cultured primary human MC with colon cancer cells or under hypoxia and Siglec-6 was then measured on these conditioned MC. Coculture with colon cancer cells (HT29 and Caco2) induced upregulation of Siglec-6 on MC. In comparison, normal colon cells (CCD841) had no effect. Also, a time-dependent increase of Siglec-6 by MC was observed under 1% O2. Immunohistochemistry of CRC tissue showed expression of Siglec-6 by MC in submucosa. Lectin immunochemistry revealed the presence of actual ligands for Siglec-6 in human CRC tissues. Together, our findings illustrate that Siglec-6 is a functionally inhibitory receptor on MC and suggest that Siglec-6 expression may be relevant for MC activity in the tumor microenvironment of CRC.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart R. J. Blokhuis
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mara A. P. Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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