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D'Amico V, Denora N, Ivone M, Iacobazzi RM, Laquintana V, Cutrignelli A, Franco M, Barone M, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA. Investigating the prilling/vibration technique to produce gastric-directed drug delivery systems for misoprostol. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123762. [PMID: 38185338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Prilling/vibration technique to produce oral microcapsules was explored to achieve local delivery of misoprostol (MIS), a prostaglandin E1 analogue indicated for the treatment of gastric-duodenal ulcers, at the gastric mucosa. To improve MIS chemical stability and reduce its associated systemic side effects, drug delivery systems were designed and developed as microcapsules consisting of a core of sunflower oil and MIS (Fs6 and Fs14) or a MIS complex with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (Fs18), confirmed by specific studies, and a polymeric shell. The produced microcapsules showed high encapsulation efficiencies for those with MIS solubilized in sunflower oil (>59.86 %) and for the microcapsules with MIS/HP-β-CD (97.61 %). To demonstrate the ability of these systems to deliver MIS into the stomach, swelling and drug release experiments were also conducted in simulated gastric fluid. Among the three formulations, FS18 showed gastric release within 30 min and was the most advantageous formulation because the presence of the MIS/HP-β-CD inclusion complex ensured a greater ability to stabilise MIS in the simulated gastric environment. In addition, these new systems have a small size (<540 µm), and good flow properties and the dose of the drug could be easily adapted using different amounts of microcapsules (flexibility), making them a passepartout for different age population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita D'Amico
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ivone
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonian Area-(DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Policlinic University Hospital, 11 G. Cesare Square, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 E. Orabona street, 70125 Bari, Italy
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D'Amico V, Arduino I, Vacca M, Iacobazzi RM, Altamura D, Lopalco A, Rizzi R, Cutrignelli A, Laquintana V, Massimo F, De Angelis M, Denora N, Lopedota AA. Colonic budesonide delivery by multistimuli alginate/Eudragit® FS 30D/inulin-based microspheres as a paediatric formulation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120422. [PMID: 36604084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an oral paediatric formulation of budesonide (BUD) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. A formulation realized as microspheres using the prilling/vibration technique is proposed as an innovative drug delivery system ensuring BUD-specific colonic release in response to different triggers, such as pH, transit time, and resident microbiota. BUD, or the inclusion complex BUD/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, was loaded into microspheres consisting of different ratios of alginate, Eudragit® FS 30D, with or without inulin. Sixteen formulations are produced that show high yields and encapsulation efficiencies, ensuring a homogenous distribution of BUD into the matrix. Microsphere diameters of <655 μm and promising flow properties make these systems suitable for oral administration to children. Swelling and drug release studies in simulated gastrointestinal fluid are used to demonstrate the response of microspheres to time and pH triggers. Studies in faecal medium highlight that drug release from microspheres with inulin is also influenced by microbiota.
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Akram Ghumman S, Mahmood A, Noreen S, Rana M, Hameed H, Ijaz B, Hasan S, Aslam A, Fayyaz ur Rehman M. Formulation and evaluation of quince seeds mucilage - sodium alginate microspheres for sustained delivery of cefixime and its toxicological studies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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陈 迪, 徐 翔, 汪 明, 李 芮, 臧 根, 张 悦, 钱 浩, 闫 光, 范 田. [Preparation and in vitro evaluation of fused deposition modeling 3D printed verapa-mil hydrochloride gastric floating formulations]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 53:348-354. [PMID: 33879910 PMCID: PMC8072436 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility of preparing gastric floating formulations by fused de-position modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology, to evaluate the in vitro properties of the prepared FDM 3D printed gastric floating formulations, and to compare the influence of different external shapes of the formulation with their in vitro properties. METHODS Verapamil hydrochloride and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as the model drug and the excipient, respectively. The capsule-shaped and hemisphere-shaped gastric floating formulations were then prepared by FDM 3D printing. The infill percentages were 15%, the layer heights were 0.2 mm, and the roof or floor thicknesses were 0.8 mm for both the 3D printed formulations, while the number of shells was 3 and 4 for capsule-shaped and hemisphere-shaped formulation, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morpho-logy of the surface and cross section of the formulations. Gravimetric method was adopted to measure the weights of the formulations. Texture analyzer was employed to evaluate the hardness of the formulations. High performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine the drug contents of the formulations. The in vitro floating and drug release behavior of the formulations were also characterized. RESULTS SEM showed that the appearance of the FDM 3D printed gastric floating formulations were both intact and free from defects with the filling structure which was consistent with the design. The weight variations of the two formulations were relatively low, indicating a high reproducibility of the 3D printing fabrication. Above 800.0 N of hardness was obtained in two mutually perpendicular directions for the two formulations. The drug contents of the two formulations approached to 100%, showing no drug loss during the 3D printing process. The two formulations floated in vitro without any lag time, and the in vitro floating time of the capsule-shaped and hemisphere-shaped formulation were (3.97±0.41) h and (4.48±0.21) h, respectively. The in vitro release of the two formulations was significantly slower than that of the commercially available immediate-release tablets. CONCLUSION The capsule-shaped and hemisphere-shaped verapamil hydrochloride gastric floating formulations were prepared by FDM 3D printing technology successfully. Only the floating time was found to be influenced by the external shape of the 3D printed formulations in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- 迪 陈
- 北京大学药学院药剂学系, 北京大学药学院分子药剂学与新释药系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 翔宇 徐
- 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院, 北京 100191School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 明睿 汪
- 北京大学药学院药剂学系, 北京大学药学院分子药剂学与新释药系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 芮 李
- 北京大学药学院药剂学系, 北京大学药学院分子药剂学与新释药系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 根奥 臧
- 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院, 北京 100191School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 悦 张
- 北京大学药学院药剂学系, 北京大学药学院分子药剂学与新释药系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 浩楠 钱
- 北京大学药学院药剂学系, 北京大学药学院分子药剂学与新释药系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 光荣 闫
- 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院, 北京 100191School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 田园 范
- 北京大学药学院药剂学系, 北京大学药学院分子药剂学与新释药系统北京市重点实验室, 北京 100191Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
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Bansal M, Verma R, Mittal V, Kaushik D. Central Composite Design for the Development and Evaluation of Floating-mucoadhesive Tablets of Gliclazide. CDTH 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885515999200623170251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Gliclazide assimilation rate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is slow
and inconstant, which may be either due to poor dissolution or poor permeability of the drug
across the GI membrane.
Objective:
The present investigation deals with the formulation of floating-mucoadhesive tablets
of gliclazide for oral administration using the central composite design by direct compression
technique, using HPMC K4M and Carbopol 934 as release controlling polymers and sodium
bicarbonate as an effervescent agent.
Methods:
Central composite design was employed to quantify the effect of three factorsconcentration
of HPMC K4M (X1), the concentration of Carbopol 934 (X2), and concentration
of sodium bicarbonate (X3) on floating lag time, drug release and mucoadhesive time of the
formulation.
Results:
The results revealed that floating lag time decreases with a rise in the concentration of
sodium bicarbonate, drug release was highest at low levels of HPMC and Carbopol and mucoadhesive
time was highest at a high level of Carbopol.
Conclusion:
The optimized batch (F-7) shows a mucoadhesive time of 23 minutes 27 seconds,
floating lag time of 22 seconds and in vitro cumulative percentage of drug release 86.73 % in
10h. From the investigation, it can be summarized that the gastro-retentive drug delivery can be
utilized to enhance bioavailability and gastric residence time of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana,India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana,India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana,India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (124001), Haryana,India
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Patel AK, Mishra MK, Gupta J, Ghoshal S, Gupta R, Kushwaha K. Guar Gum-Based Floating Microspheres of Repaglinide Using 3 2 Factorial Design: Fabrication, Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Buoyancy Behavior in Albino Rats. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 19:63-74. [PMID: 33090876 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this present study, floating microspheres of repaglinide were successfully fabricated by the solvent evaporation technique with varying ratios of guar gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and ethylcellulose with polyvinyl alcohol. Microspheres were characterized by production yield, particle size, in vitro buoyancy, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and in vivo floating behavior in albino rats. The formulation process was optimized for stirring speed (X1) and concentration of polymer ratio (X2) on dependent variables such as percentage entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, in vitro buoyancy, and percentage of drug release by the 32 factorial Design-Expert® 12, trial version, software. The optimized formulation was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy and was successfully formulated with the highest percentage of cumulative drug release (94.26 ± 3.10), entrapment efficiency (74.70% ± 2.16%), and particle size (50.34 ± 3.67 μm) and remains buoyant for 24 h in simulated gastric fluid (0.1N HCL) with high in vitro buoyancy percent (84.90 ± 2.88). When the drug-polymer solution of dichloromethane and ethanol is dropped in polyvinyl alcohol solution, it leads to the formation of a shell and produces cavities, creating the buoyant nature of floating microspheres. X-ray imaging indicates the uniform distribution and buoyant nature of microspheres in the gastric fluid for a 10-h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurav Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacy, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lowinger MB, Maier EY, Williams RO, Zhang F. Hydrophilic Poly(urethanes) Are an Effective Tool for Gastric Retention Independent of Drug Release Rate. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1967-1977. [PMID: 32087181 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acyclovir is a poorly permeable, short half-life drug with poor colonic absorption, and current conventional controlled release formulations are unable to decrease the frequency of administration. We designed acyclovir dosage forms to be administered less frequently by being retained in the stomach and releasing drug over an extended duration. We developed a conventional modified-release matrix tablet to sustain the release of acyclovir and surrounded it with a hydrophilic poly(urethane) layer. When hydrated, the porous poly(urethane) swells to a size near or beyond that of the relaxed pylorus diameter and does not affect drug release rate. We demonstrated that the formulation is retained in the stomach for extended durations as it slowly releases drug, allowing for similar area under the curve but delayed tmax relative to a nongastroretentive control tablet. Unlike many other gastroretentive formulations, this dosage form design decouples drug release rate from gastric retention time, allowing them to be modulated independently. It also effectively retains in the stomach regardless of the prandial state, differentiating from other approaches. Our direct observation of excised rat stomachs allowed for a rigorous assessment of the impact of polymer swelling extent and the prandial state on both the dosage form integrity and retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Lowinger
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712; MRL, Merck & Co, Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Esther Y Maier
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Robert O Williams
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Feng Zhang
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas 78712.
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Majeed A, Ranjha NM, Hussain M, Rasool MF. Fabrication and evaluation of pH-dependent polymeric microspheres of ivabradine and their in vitro and in vivo studies. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhu CY, Wang JY, Huang J, Han GH, Ji YY, Zhang XR, Liang D. Preparation and evaluation of gastro-floating hollow adhesive microspheres of carbomer/ethyl cellulose encapsulating dipyridamole. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastro-floating hollow adhesive microspheres of Carbomer/ethyl cellulose encapsulating dipyridamole were fabricated and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Jin-Yue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hua Han
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Yan-Yan Ji
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiang-Rong Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources
- Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Guangxi Normal University
- Gui Lin 541006
- P. R. China
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Shahzad Y, Saeed S, Ghori MU, Mahmood T, Yousaf AM, Jamshaid M, Sheikh R, Rizvi SA. Influence of polymer ratio and surfactants on controlled drug release from cellulosic microsponges. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:963-70. [PMID: 29154881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yonashiro H, Higashi K, Morikawa C, Ueda K, Itoh T, Ito M, Masu H, Noguchi S, Moribe K. Morphological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Two Distinct Glibenclamide/Hypromellose Amorphous Nanoparticles Prepared by the Antisolvent Method. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1587-1597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Yonashiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chikako Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Itoh
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shuji Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Majeed A, Ranjha NM, Rasool MF, Hussain M. Development and evaluation of ivabradine microspheres for controlled release. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.17.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate controlled release formulations of ivabradine hydrochloride (HCl)-loaded microspheres consisting of Kollicoat MAE 100 P and ethyl cellulose prepared by the oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. The drug was encapsulated into microspheres by an in situ method by varying the polymer contents. The resultant microspheres were characterized with respect to drug loading, flow properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal analysis and release behavior. Chemically stable loaded microspheres were confirmed by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis and XRD. SEM images showed that the microspheres were spherical with smooth surfaces. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the drug in pure form and revealed no interaction between the drug and polymers. XRD and DSC were conducted to determine the nature of the drug in drug-loaded microspheres, and the results revealed that the drug was present in amorphous form. The maximum percentage entrapment efficiency was found to be 82 ± 2·11%, and the percentage yield was 89 ± 3·31%. The maximum in vitro drug release was more than 90% for pH 7·4, which demonstrated that drug-loaded formulations had a pH-dependent drug release. Cumulative drug release data were analyzed by using different kinetic models. The Korsmeyer–Peppas equation was used to determine the value of n which follows non-Fickian diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Farooq U, Khan S, Nawaz S, Ranjha NM, Haider MS, Khan MM, Dar E, Nawaz A. Enhanced gastric retention and drug release via development of novel floating microspheres based on Eudragit E100 and polycaprolactone: synthesis and in vitro evaluation. Des Monomers Polym 2017; 20:419-433. [PMID: 29491813 PMCID: PMC5784876 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2017.1326702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit E 100 and polycaprolactone (PCL) floating microspheres for enhanced gastric retention and drug release were successfully prepared by oil in water solvent evaporation method. Metronidazole benzoate, an anti-protozoal drug, was used as a model drug. Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an emulsifier. The prepared microspheres were observed for % recovery, % degree of hydration, % water uptake, % drug loading, % buoyancy and % drug release. The physico-chemical properties of the microspheres were studied by calculating encapsulation efficiency of microspheres and drug release kinetics. Drug release characteristics of microspheres were studied in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid i.e., at pH 1.2 and 7.4 respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to reveal the chemical interaction between drug and polymers. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to study the morphology of the synthesized microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Eshwa Dar
- Islam College of Pharmacy, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Abstract
The obstacles to the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori infections include the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and therapy requiring multiple drugs with complicated dosing schedules. Other obstacles include bacterial residence in an environment where high antibiotic concentrations are difficult to achieve. Biofilm production by the bacteria is an additional challenge to the effective treatment of this infection. Conventional oral formulations used in the treatment of this infection have a short gastric residence time, thus limiting the duration of exposure of drug to the bacteria. This review summarizes the current research in the development of gastroretentive formulations and the prospective future applications of this approach in the targeted delivery of drugs such as antibiotics to the stomach.
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Huang Y, Wei Y, Yang H, Pi C, Liu H, Ye Y, Zhao L. A 5-fluorouracil-loaded floating gastroretentive hollow microsphere: development, pharmacokinetic in rabbits, and biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:997-1008. [PMID: 27042001 PMCID: PMC4780720 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s97735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was loaded in hollow microspheres to improve its oral bioavailability. 5-FU hollow microspheres were developed by a solvent diffusion-evaporation method. The effect of Span 80 concentration, ether/ethanol volume ratio, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone/ethyl cellulose weight ratio on physicochemical characteristics, floating, and in vitro release behaviors of 5-FU hollow microspheres was investigated and optimized. The formulation and technology composed of Span 80 (1.5%, w/v), ether/ethanol (1.0:10.0, v/v), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone/ethyl cellulose (1.0:10.0, w/w) were employed to develop three batch samples, which showed an excellent reproducibility. The microspheres were spherical with a hollow structure with high drug loading amount (28.4%±0.5%) and production yield (74.2%±0.6%); they exhibited excellent floating and sustained release characteristics in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that 5-FU hollow microspheres significantly enhanced oral bioavailability (area under curve, [AUC](0-t): 12.53±1.65 mg/L(*)h vs 7.80±0.83 and 5.82±0.83 mg/L(*)h) with longer elimination half-life (t1/2) (15.43±2.12 hours vs 2.25±0.22 and 1.43±0.18 hours) and mean residence time (7.65±0.97 hours vs 3.61±0.41 and 2.34±0.35 hours), in comparison with its solid microspheres and powder. In vivo distribution results from tumor-bearing nude mice demonstrated that the animals administered with 5-FU hollow microspheres had much higher drug content in tumor, plasma, and stomach at 1 and 8 hours except for 0.5 hours sample collection time point in comparison with those administered with 5-FU solid microspheres and its powder. These results suggested that the hollow microspheres would be a promising controlled drug delivery system for an oral chemotherapy agent like 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhang C, Tang J, Liu D, Li X, Cheng L, Tang X. Design and evaluation of an innovative floating and bioadhesive multiparticulate drug delivery system based on hollow structure. Int J Pharm 2016; 503:41-55. [PMID: 26943975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study a gastric-retentive delivery system was prepared by a novel method which is reported here for the first time. An innovative floating and bioadhesive drug delivery system with a hollow structure was designed and prepared. The floating and bioadhesive drug delivery system was composed of a hollow spherical shell, a waterproof layer (Stearic acid), a drug layer (Ofloxacin), a release retarding film (the novel blended coating materials) and a bioadhesive layer (Carbomer 934P) prepared by using a liquid multi-layering process. A novel blended coating material was designed and investigated to solve the problem of the initial burst release of the formulation and the release mechanism of the novel material was analyzed in this study. The optimized formulation provided the sustained release characteristic and was able to float for 24h. The SEM cross-section images showed that the particulates were hollow with a spherical shell. X-ray images and pharmacokinetic studies (Frel = 124.1 ± 28.9%) in vivo showed that the gastric-retentive delivery system can be retained in the stomach for more than 6h. The floating and bioadhesive particulate drug delivery system based on a hollow structure with a dual function presented here is a viable alternative to other for gastroretentive drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
| | - Jingya Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Al-Zoubi N, Alkhatib HS, Alobaidi G, Abdel-Rahim S, Obeidat W, Malamataris S. Optimization of pH-independent chronotherapeutic release of verapamil HCl from three-layer matrix tablets. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:296-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bhardwaj P, Chaurasia D, Singh R, Swarup A. Development and characterization of novel site specific hollow floating microspheres bearing 5-Fu for stomach targeting. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:705259. [PMID: 25383377 DOI: 10.1155/2014/705259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-unit-type oral floating hollow microspheres of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) were developed using modified solvent evaporation technique to prolong gastric residence time, to target stomach cancer, and to increase drug bioavailability. The prepared microspheres were characterized for micromeritic properties, floating behavior, entrapment efficiency, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro drug release and floating behavior were studied in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) at pH 1.2. The yield of microspheres was obtained up to 84.46 ± 6.47%. Microspheres showed passable flow properties. Based on optical microscopy, particle size was found to be ranging from 158.65 ± 12.02 to 198.67 ± 17.45 μm. SEM confirmed spherical size, perforated smooth surface, and a hollow cavity inside the microspheres. Different kinetic models for drug release were also applied on selected batches.
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Patel FS, Kulkarni RV, Nanjappaiah HM. Multiparticulate Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Particulate Science and Technology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.895787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gupta R, Prajapati SK, Pattnaik S, Bhardwaj P. Formulation and evaluation of novel stomach specific floating microspheres bearing famotidine for treatment of gastric ulcer and their radiographic study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.201414b73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Awasthi R, Kulkarni GT. Decades of research in drug targeting to the upper gastrointestinal tract using gastroretention technologies: where do we stand? Drug Deliv 2014; 23:378-94. [PMID: 25026414 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.936535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major constraint in oral controlled release drug delivery is that not all the drug candidates are absorbed uniformly throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Drugs having "absorption window" are absorbed in a particular portion of GIT only or are absorbed to a different extent in various segments of the GIT. Thus, only the drug released in the region preceding and in close vicinity to the absorption window is available for absorption. The drug must be released from the dosage form in solution form; otherwise, it is generally not absorbed. Hence, much research has been dedicated to the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems that may optimize the bioavailability and subsequent therapeutic efficacy of such drugs, as these systems have unique properties to bypass the gastric emptying process. These systems show excellent in vitro results but fail to give desirable in vivo performance. During the last 2-3 decades, researchers from the academia and industries are giving considerable importance in this field. Unfortunately, till date, few so-called gastroretentive dosage forms have been brought to the market in spite of numerous academic publications. The manuscript considers strategies that are commonly used in the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems with a special attention on various parameters, which needs to be monitored during formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Awasthi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Research and Development Cell , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpally, Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , India .,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Laureate Institute of Pharmacy , Kathog, Tehsil, Dehra, District Kangra , Himachal Pradesh , India , and
| | - Giriraj T Kulkarni
- c School of Pharmaceutical Science , ITM University , Gwaliar , Madhya Pradesh , India
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev B. Shelke
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
| | - Roshan James
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Departments of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington CT 06030 USA
- Departments of Materials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269 USA
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Jiang H, Tian R, Hu W, Jia Y, Yuan P, Wang J, Zhang L. Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive floating drug delivery system of dipyridamole. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:674-80. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.893355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bermudez JM, Cid AG, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Quinteros D, Simonazzi A, Sánchez Bruni S, Palma S. Challenges and opportunities in polymer technology applied to veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:105-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bermudez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - A. G. Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - M. V. Ramírez-Rigo
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - D. Quinteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - A. Simonazzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - S. Sánchez Bruni
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires; CONICET; Tandil Argentina
| | - S. Palma
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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25
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Wei YM, Xue ZK, Wang P, Zhao L. Formulation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of once-daily sustained-released system of nifedipine with solid dispersion and coating techniques. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:864-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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26
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Bhadouriya P, Kumar M, Pathak K. Formulation andin vitroevaluation of prolonged release floating microspheres of atenolol using multicompartment dissolution apparatus. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1663-71. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.729592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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El-Nahas HM, Hosny KM. Chitosan-based Floating Microspheres of Trimetazidin Dihydrochloride; Preparation and In vitro Characterization. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:397-403. [PMID: 22707823 PMCID: PMC3374555 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.95619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study involves preparation and characterization of floating microspheres using trimetazidin dihydrochloride as a model drug to increase the residence time in the stomach without contact with the mucosa, Floating microspheres were prepared by the capillary extrusion technique using chitosan as polymer and sodium lauryl sulphate as cross linking agent. The surface morphology of the prepared microspheres was characterized by the optical microscopic method. The effect of the stirring rate during preparation, polymer concentration and cross linking concentration on the percent yield, in vitro floating behavior, physical state of the incorporated drug, drug loading and in vitro drug release were studied. The prepared microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (12 h) and remained buoyant for more than 11 h. The microspheres were found to be regular in shape and highly porous. The trimetazidin dihydrochloride release rate was higher in the case of microspheres prepared at a higher agitation speed and decreased with increasing the polymer and cross linking agent concentration. All formulations demonstrated favorable in vitro floating characteristics. The drug entrapment increased from 65.13 to 85.3% with increasing polymer to drug ratio. Diffusion was found to be the main release mechanism. Thus, the prepared floating microspheres may prove to be potential candidates for multiple-unit delivery devices adaptable to any intragastric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M El-Nahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig-23514, Egypt
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28
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Swain S, Behera UA, Beg S, Sruti J, Patro CN, Dinda SC, Rao MEB. Design and characterization of enteric-coated controlled release mucoadhesive microcapsules of Rabeprazole sodium. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:548-60. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.676047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Khodasinghi, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
| | - Upali A. Behera
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Khodasinghi, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Khodasinghi, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
| | - J. Sruti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Khodasinghi, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
| | - Ch. Niranjan Patro
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Khodasinghi, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
| | - S. C. Dinda
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Berhampur University,
Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
| | - M. E. B. Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Khodasinghi, Berhampur (Gm), Odisha, India
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Rane BR, Gujarathi NA, Patel JK. Biodegradable anionic acrylic resin based hollow microspheres of moderately water soluble drug Rosiglitazone Maleate: preparation andin vitrocharacterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1460-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.653811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pawar AP, Shelake MR, Bothiraja C, Kamble RN. Development of photostable gastro retentive formulation for nifedipine using low-density polypropylene microporous particles. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:409-16. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.655330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Phutane P, Shidhaye S, Lotlikar V, Ghule A, Sutar S, Kadam V. In vitro Evaluation of Novel Sustained Release Microspheres of Glipizide Prepared by the Emulsion Solvent Diffusion-Evaporation Method. J Young Pharm 2011; 2:35-41. [PMID: 21331188 PMCID: PMC3035882 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.62210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current investigation is to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by designing and systematically evaluating sustained release microspheres of Glipizide. An anti-diabetic drug, Glipizide, is delivered through the microparticulate system using ethyl cellulose as the controlled release polymer. Microspheres were developed by the emulsion solvent diffusion-evaporation technique by using the modified ethanol,-dichloromethane co-solvent system. The polymer mixture of ethyl cellulose and Eudragit® S100 was used in different ratios (1:0, 1:1, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:1) to formulate batches F1 to F5. The resulting microspheres were evaluated for particle size, densities, flow properties, morphology, recovery yield, drug content, and in vitro drug release behavior. The formulated microspheres were discrete, spherical with relatively smooth surface, and with good flow properties. Among different formulations, the fabricated microspheres of batch F3 had shown the optimum percent drug encapsulation of microspheres and the sustained release of the Glipizide for about 12 h. Release pattern of Glipizide from microspheres of batch F3 followed Korsmeyers-peppas model and zero-order release kinetic model. The value of ‘n’ was found to be 0.960, which indicates that the drug release was followed by anomalous (non-fickian) diffusion. The data obtained thus suggest that a microparticulate system can be successfully designed for sustained delivery of Glipizide and to improve dosage form characteristics for easy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Phutane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai - 400 614, India
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Goyal P, Gill S, Gupta UD, Rath G, Narang RK, Goyal AK. Development and Characterization of Rifampicin Loaded Floating Microspheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:330-4. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.573482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Adibkia K, Hamedeyazdan S, Javadzadeh Y. Drug release kinetics and physicochemical characteristics of floating drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:891-903. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.574124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pawar VK, Kansal S, Garg G, Awasthi R, Singodia D, Kulkarni GT. Gastroretentive dosage forms: a review with special emphasis on floating drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv 2010; 18:97-110. [PMID: 20958237 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.520354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present era, gastroretentive dosage forms (GRDF) receive great attention because they can improve the performance of controlled release systems. An optimum GRDF system can be defined as a system which retains in the stomach for a sufficient time interval against all the physiological barriers, releases active moiety in a controlled manner, and finally is easily metabolized in the body. Physiological barriers like gastric motility and gastric retention time (GRT) act as obstacles in developing an efficient GRDF. Gastroretention can be achieved by developing different systems like high density systems, floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), mucoadhesive systems, expandable systems, superporous systems, and magnetic systems. All these systems have their own merits and demerits. This review focused on the various aspects useful in development of GRDF including the current trends and advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH- 58, Uttar Pradesh, 250002, India.
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Zhao L, Wei YM, Yu Y, Zheng WW. Polymer blends used to prepare nifedipine loaded hollow microspheres for a floating-type oral drug delivery system: in vitro evaluation. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:443-50. [PMID: 20361310 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether hollow microspheres prepared from polymer blends of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and ethyl cellulose (EC) could improve the vitro release behavior of the poorly water-soluble drug nifedipine. Hollow microspheres containing nifedipine were prepared by a solvent diffusion-evaporation method using various ratios of PVP and EC codissolved with drug in ethanol/ether (5:1, v/v). The hollow microspheres could float in release medium for more than 24 h, and floating capacities were not be influenced by mixing PVP. In vitro release profiles of hollow microspheres prepared using EC along showed an initial burst release to some extent, and the cumulative release percentage was less than 55% after 24 h. But, not only the slope but also the shape of the release curves was affected by using mixture of PVP and EC. What's more important, when the ratio (PVP/EC) increased to 1.5:8.5, the cumulative release percentage could be increased to 95.8%. Furthermore, the release rate of microspheres showed a zero order approximate dynamic model and could be expressed by the following equation: Q=3.78t+8.52 (r=0.990). Consequently, hollow microspheres prepared using polymer blends of PVP and EC (1.5:8.5, w/w) could be suitable for floating-type controlled-release delivery systems for the oral administration of nifedipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Luzhou Medical College, No.3-319, Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
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Gadad AP, Patil MB, Naduvinamani SN, Mastiholimath VS, Dandagi PM, Kulkarni AR. Sodium alginate polymeric floating beads for the delivery of cefpodoxime proxetil. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jelvehgari M, Atapour F, Nokhodchi A. Micromeritics and release behaviours of cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres containing theophylline prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation and emulsion non-solvent addition method. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:1019-28. [PMID: 19641883 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present research work compares the effect of microsphere preparation technique on micromeritics and release behaviors of theophylline microspheres. Microspheres were prepared by oil-in oil (O(1)/O(2)) emulsion solvent evaporation method (ESE) using different ratios of anhydrous theophylline to cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Cyclohexane was used as non-solvent to modify the ESE technique (MESE method) and the effect of non-solvent volume on properties of microspheres was investigated. The obtained microspheres were analyzed in terms of drug content, particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The morphology of microsphere was studied using scanning electron microscope. The solid state of microspheres, theophylline and CAB were investigated using X-ray, FT-IR and DSC. The drug content of microspheres prepared by MESE method was significantly lower (15.54% +/- 0.46) than microspheres prepared by ESE method (41.08 +/- 0.40%). The results showed that as the amount of cyclohexane was increased from 2 mL to 6 mL the drug content of microspheres was increased from 15.54% to 28.71%. Higher encapsulation efficiencies were obtained for microspheres prepared by ESE method (95.87%) in comparison with MESE method (64.71%). Mean particle size of microsphere prepared by ESE method was not remarkably affected by drug to polymer ratio, whereas in MSES method when the volume of cyclohexane was increased the mean particle size of microsphere was significantly decreased. The ratio of drug to polymer significantly changed the rate of drug release from microspheres and the highest drug release was obtained for the microsphere with high drug to polymer ratio. The amount of cyclohexane did not significantly change the drug release. Although, x-ray showed a small change in crystallinity of theophylline in microspheres, DSC results proved that theophylline in microspheres is in amorphous state. No major chemical interaction between the drug and polymer was reported during the encapsulation process.
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Yoncheva K, Lambov N, Miloshev S. Modification of Biodegradable Poly(Malate) and Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Microparticles with Low Molecular Polyethylene Glycol. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:449-54. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040802438357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mastiholimath VS, Dandagi PM, Gadad AP, Mathews R, Kulkarni AR. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ranitidine hydrochloride ethyl cellulose floating microparticles. J Microencapsul 2009; 25:307-14. [PMID: 18465300 DOI: 10.1080/02652040801973101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The real issue in the development of oral controlled release dosage forms is not just to prolong the delivery of drugs but also to prolong the presence of dosage forms in the stomach in order to improve the bioavailability of drugs with a 'narrow absorption window'. In the present study, an anti-ulcer drug, ranitidine hydrochloride, is delivered through a gastroretentive ethyl cellulose-based microparticulate system capable of floating on simulated gastric fluid for > 12 h. Preparation of microparticles is done by solvent evaporation technique with modification by using an ethanol co-solvent system. The formulated microspheres were free flowing with good packability and encapsulation efficiencies were up to 96%. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed porous, spherical particles in the size range 300-750 microm. Microspheres showed excellent buoyancy and a biphasic controlled release pattern with 12h. In vivo bioavailability studies performed on rabbits and T(max), C(max), AUC were calculated and confirmed significant improvement in bioavailability. The data obtained thus suggests that a microparticulate floating delivery system can be successfully designed to give controlled drug delivery, improved oral bioavailability and many other desirable characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Mastiholimath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S.'s College of Pharmacy, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
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Jain SK, Jangdey MS. Lectin Conjugated Gastroretentive Multiparticulate Delivery System of Clarithromycin for the Effective Treatment of Helicobacter pylori. Mol Pharm 2008; 6:295-304. [DOI: 10.1021/mp800193n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Jain
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495 009, India
| | - Manmohan S. Jangdey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495 009, India
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Abstract
Acyclovir, a selective antiherpes virus agent, was loaded in the hollow microspheres to improve bioavailability and patient compliance by prolonging the residence time in the gastrointestinal tract. The hollow microspheres of acyclovir were prepared by solvent evaporation diffusion method using Eudragit S 100 as a controlled polymer. We found that the process conditions that provided the high % yield of the hollow microspheres were the use of 5:8:2 of dichloromethane: ethanol: isopropanol as a solvent system and stirring at 300 rpm for 60 min. The size of the microspheres prepared from different ratios of acyclovir and Eudragit S 100 was 159-218 microm. When the drug-to-polymer ratio was increased, the size and percent drug content increased. The highest percent drug entrapment was obtained at the ratio of 600 mg acyclovir: 1 g Eudragit S 100. The hollow microspheres tended to float over 0.1 M hydrochloric acid containing 0.02% Tween 20 solution for 24 hr. The rate of acyclovir released from the microspheres was generally low in simulated gastric fluid without enzyme due to the low permeability of the polymer. However, in phosphate buffer pH 6.8, the drug release increased as the drug load increased due to the swelling property of the polymer. In simulated intestinal fluids without enzymes, the polymer completely dissolved resulting in instant release of the drug in this medium.
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Wei YM, Zhao L. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ranitidine hydrochloride loaded hollow microspheres in rabbits. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1369-77. [PMID: 18958430 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-2119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to develop the hollow microspheres as a new dosage form of floating drug delivery systems with prolonged stomach retention time. Hollow microspheres containing ranitidine hydrochloride (RH) were prepared by a novel solvent diffusion-evaporation method using ethyl cellulose (EC) dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and ether (6:1.0, v/v). The yield and drug loading amount of hollow microspheres were 83.21+/-0.28% and 20.71+/-0.32%, respectively. The in vitro release profiles showed that the drug release rate decreased with increasing viscosity of EC and the diameter of hollow microspheres, while increased with the increase of RH/EC weight ratio. Hollow microspheres could prolong drug release time (approximately 24 h) and float over the simulate gastric fluid for more than 24 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the bioavailability from RH-hollow microspheres alone was about 3.0-times that of common RH gelatin capsules, and it was about 2.8-times that of the solid microspheres. These results demonstrated that RH hollow microspheres were capable of sustained delivery of the drug for longer period with increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-meng Wei
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No 1, Yixue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Abstract
In an attempt to fabricate floating beads of ciprofloxacin, drugloaded alginate beads were prepared by simultaneous external and internal gelation. The effect of blending of alginate with gellan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, and chitosan on the bead properties were evaluated. Beads were spherical with incorporation efficiency in the range of 52.81 +/- 2.64 to 78.95 +/- 1.92%. Beads exhibited buoyancy over a period of 7-24 hr based on the formulation variables. In vitro release of ciprofloxacin from the alginate beads in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.2), was influenced significantly (p < 0.001) by the properties and concentration of additives. Among the polymers incorporated into alginate beads. Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) provided an extended release over 7 hr. The drug release predominately followed Higuchi's square root model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srinatha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Varshosaz J, Tabbakhian M, Zahrooni M. Development and characterization of floating microballoons for oral delivery of cinnarizine by a factorial design. J Microencapsul 2008; 24:253-62. [PMID: 17454436 DOI: 10.1080/02652040601162723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cinnarizine (CN) is a pipperazine derivative with anti-histaminic activity and high affinity to H(1) receptors. The objective of this study was to produce floating microspheres (FM) of CN by diffusion solvent evaporation technique to increase drug solubility and hence its bioavailability. The effect of process variables such as: Eudragit type, stirring rate and time of stirring after addition of oily phase to the aqueous phase were evaluated on the yield, particle size, loading, release and floating behaviors of microspheres using a factorial design. Release of CN from microspheres was studied in pHs: 1.2 and 7.2 using paddle technique. The samples of dissolution test were analysed spectrophotometrically at 256.1 nm and 256.5 nm respectively. particle size of microspheres was studied using microscopic method and their floating behavior was studied in HCl (0.1 N, pH 1.2) medium with Tween 20 (0.5% w/v). Eight formulations were produced by changing 3 variables each at 2 levels: Eudragit S100 (Ps) or a combination of two Eudragits S100:RLPO (1:3) (P(SR)), stirring rate of 200 (R(2)) or 300 rpm (R(3)) and stirring time after addition of oily phase to the aqueous phase 0 (T(0)) or 1 hr (T(1)). The average size of microspheres was 300 microm. The highest yield efficiency (94%) was seen in P(SR)R(3)T(0) formulation and the greatest loading percentage was 8.5% in P(SR)R(2)T(1) formulation. The microspheres containing just Eudragit S100, didn't show suitable releasing profile during 8 hours in pH 1.2 but those containing combination of Eudragit S100:RL released approximately whole amount of CN during 10 hours (8 hours in pH 1.2 and 2 hours in pH 7.2). The highest floating percentage up to 6 hours was 77.5% in P(S)R(2)T(1) formulation. The type of Eudragit used seems to play an important role in producing sustained release floating microspheres. P(SR)R(3)T(0) formulation containing both types of Eudragit S100:RL (1.3) that releases 99.1% of the drug after 10 hours and 65% floating after 6 hr seems suitable for oral sustained delivery of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Patel VF, Patel NM. Statistical Evaluation of Influence of Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum Blends on Dipyridamole Release from Floating Matrix Tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:327-34. [PMID: 17454065 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation explored the use of xanthan gum and guar gum for development of floating drug delivery system of dipyridamole using factorial design approach. The content of polymer blends (X(1)) and ratio of xanthan gum to guar gum (X(2)) were selected as independent variables. The diffusion exponent (n), release rate constant (k), percentage drug release at 1 hr (Q(1)) and 6 hr (Q(6)) were selected as dependent variables. Tablets of all batches had desired buoyancy characteristics. Multiple regression analysis with two way ANOVA revealed that both the factors had statistically significant influence on the response studied (p<0.05). Results of Tukey test showed the relative contribution of each level of different factors for the response studied. It was concluded that the ratio of xanthan to gaur gum had equal or dominant role as controlling factor on kinetics of drug release compared to content of polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral F Patel
- Shri B. M. Shah College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modasa, Gujarat, India.
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Ma N, Xu L, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang W, Li Y, Jin L, Li S. Development and evaluation of new sustained-release floating microspheres. Int J Pharm 2008; 358:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Morello AP, Burrill R, Mathiowitz E. Preparation and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) - iron (III) oxide microparticles using a modified solvent evaporation method. J Microencapsul 2008; 24:476-91. [PMID: 17578736 DOI: 10.1080/02652040701352513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is widespread interest in developing new, biocompatible microparticles made from polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that could have applications ranging from diagnostic imaging to drug delivery. In these experiments, there were two primary objectives: (1) to stabilize a suspension of iron (III) oxide (alpha-Fe(2)O(3); mean diameter = 100 nm) nanoparticles in a solution of PMMA by using an emulsifier and different mixtures of two miscible solvents; and (2) to fabricate PMMA-alpha-Fe(2)O(3) microparticles by using an oil-in-water (o/w) solvent evaporation method. By accomplishing the first objective, it was hypothesized that the encapsulation efficiency of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) within PMMA microparticles would improve and induce the clustering of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) along the circumferential edges of the microparticles. Of the seven emulsifiers tested, Tween 80 was selected primarily for its hydrophilicity and its ability to produce a stable alpha-Fe(2)O(3) dispersion. As a result, 22 batches of microspheres (11 with Tween 80 and 11 without) were made and the solvent (dichloromethane) to co-solvent (ethyl acetate) ratios were varied. Particles made with solvent mixtures of >50% ethyl acetate (<50% dichloromethane) were more likely to be hollow and had larger mean volumetric particle diameters (>5 microns) than particles made with mixtures containing >50% dichloromethane. Particles made with Tween 80 were larger, more porous, and had alpha-Fe(2)O(3) aligned along the circumferential edges of the particles. The use of solvent mixtures did not improve the encapsulation efficiency of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) but the use of ethyl acetate helped to induce the clustering of alpha-Fe(2)O(3) along the peripheries of the microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peter Morello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Bajpai SK, Tankhiwale R. Preparation, characterization and preliminary calcium release study of floating sodium alginate/dextran-based hydrogel beads: part I. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bajpai SK, Dubey S. Dynamic Release of Vitamin B2from Floating Barium Alginate Beads for Gastric Delivery. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701424362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rokhade AP, Patil SA, Belhekar AA, Halligudi SB, Aminabhavi TM. Preparation and evaluation of cellulose acetate butyrate and poly(ethylene oxide) blend microspheres for gastroretentive floating delivery of repaglinide. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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