1
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Wang Y, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Establishment and verification of a prognostic risk score model based on immune genes for hepatocellular carcinoma in an Asian population. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2806-2822. [PMID: 37969383 PMCID: PMC10643976 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with the highest incidence in East Asia, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of HCC in Asian population. The immune system is closely related to the development of HCC and plays an important role in the treatment of this disease. In this study, we analyzed the data of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and constructed a risk-score prognostic model based on immune genes of an Asian HCC population, aiming to provide new perspectives for clinical treatment and management of HCC in Asian population. Methods Data concerning clinical attributes and transcriptomic profiles of individuals in the Asian population diagnosed with HCC were retrieved from the TCGA database. Concurrently, immune-related genes were sourced from the Immport database for incorporation into our analysis. A total of 265 immune-related genes displaying differential expression were identified through wilcoxTest analysis in R. Further refinement using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis led to the identification of 15 genes that exhibited strong associations with prognosis. MICB/PSMD14/TRAF3/SP1/NDRG1/HDAC1/HRAS/NRAS/SEMA5B/GMFB/ACVR2B/BRD8/MMP12/KITLG/DCK, and a prognostic risk score model was constructed based on the above genes. Results The findings demonstrated notable differences in survival rates between the low-risk and high-risk groups, as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves (P<0.001). Furthermore, the model's predictive capability was evidenced by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, with area under the curve (AUC) =0.901. Finally, the relationship of the model with each clinical trait and immune cells was assessed by correlation analysis. Conclusions The prognostic risk score model constructed by immune genes based on the Asian HCC population has certain predictive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yingtian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Saez-Ayala M, Hoffer L, Abel S, Ben Yaala K, Sicard B, Andrieu GP, Latiri M, Davison EK, Ciufolini MA, Brémond P, Rebuffet E, Roche P, Derviaux C, Voisset E, Montersino C, Castellano R, Collette Y, Asnafi V, Betzi S, Dubreuil P, Combes S, Morelli X. From a drug repositioning to a structure-based drug design approach to tackle acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3079. [PMID: 37248212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize the main de novo pathway and the alternative salvage pathway for deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis to achieve adequate nucleotide pools. Deoxycytidine kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the salvage pathway and it has recently emerged as a target for anti-proliferative therapies for cancers where it is essential. Here, we present the development of a potent inhibitor applying an iterative multidisciplinary approach, which relies on computational design coupled with experimental evaluations. This strategy allows an acceleration of the hit-to-lead process by gradually implementing key chemical modifications to increase affinity and activity. Our lead compound, OR0642, is more than 1000 times more potent than its initial parent compound, masitinib, previously identified from a drug repositioning approach. OR0642 in combination with a physiological inhibitor of the de novo pathway doubled the survival rate in a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient-derived xenograft mouse model, demonstrating the proof-of-concept of this drug design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Saez-Ayala
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Hoffer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sébastien Abel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Khaoula Ben Yaala
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Sicard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume P Andrieu
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Latiri
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emma K Davison
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Marco A Ciufolini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Brémond
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Rebuffet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Roche
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Derviaux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Edwige Voisset
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Montersino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Remy Castellano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Betzi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Dubreuil
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Sébastien Combes
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
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3
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Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a key hallmark of cancer cells, and the augmented synthesis and use of nucleotide triphosphates is a critical and universal metabolic dependency of cancer cells across different cancer types and genetic backgrounds. Many of the aggressive behaviours of cancer cells, including uncontrolled proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, immune evasion and metastasis, rely heavily on augmented nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, most of the known oncogenic drivers upregulate nucleotide biosynthetic capacity, suggesting that this phenotype is a prerequisite for cancer initiation and progression. Despite the wealth of data demonstrating the efficacy of nucleotide synthesis inhibitors in preclinical cancer models and the well-established clinical use of these drugs in certain cancer settings, the full potential of these agents remains unrealized. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have generated mechanistic insights into the diverse biological roles of hyperactive cancer cell nucleotide metabolism. We explore opportunities for combination therapies that are highlighted by these recent advances and detail key questions that remain to be answered, with the goal of informing urgently warranted future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mullen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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4
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Cavalcante CDQO, da Mota THA, de Oliveira DM, Nascimento ÉCM, Martins JBL, Pittella-Silva F, Gatto CC. Dithiocarbazate ligands and their Ni(II) complexes with potential biological activity: Structural, antitumor and molecular docking study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146820. [PMID: 36968279 PMCID: PMC10034969 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for new metal complexes with antitumor potential, two dithiocarbazate ligands derived from 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione (H2L1) and (H2L2) and four Ni(II) complexes, [Ni(L1)PPh3] (1), [Ni(L1)Py] (2), [Ni(L2)PPh3] (3), and [Ni(L2)Py] (4), were successfully synthesized and investigated by physical-chemistry and spectroscopic methods. The crystal structure of the H2L1 and the Ni(II) complexes has been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The obtained structure from H2L1 confirms the cyclization reaction and formation of the pyrazoline derivative. The results showed square planar geometry to the metal centers, in which dithiocarbazates coordinated by the ONS donor system and a triphenylphosphine or pyridine molecule complete the coordination sphere. Hirshfeld surface analysis by dnorm function was investigated and showed π–π stacking interactions upon the molecular packing of H2L1 and non-classical hydrogen bonds for all compounds. Fingerprint plots showed the main interactions attributed to H⋅H C⋅H, O⋅H, Br⋅H, and F⋅H, with contacts contributing between 1.9% and 38.2%. The mass spectrometry data indicated the presence of molecular ions [M + H]+ and characteristic fragmentations of the compounds, which indicated the same behavior of the compounds in solution and solid state. Molecular docking simulations were studied to evaluate the properties and interactions of the free dithiocarbazates and their Ni(II) complexes with selected proteins and DNA. These results were supported by in vitro cytotoxicity assays against four cancer cell lines, showing that the synthesized metal complexes display promising biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia de Q. O. Cavalcante
- University of Brasília, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tales H. A. da Mota
- University of Brasília, Faculdade UnB Ceilândia, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Diêgo M. de Oliveira
- University of Brasília, Faculdade UnB Ceilândia, Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Human Health, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Érica C. M. Nascimento
- University of Brasília, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João B. L. Martins
- University of Brasília, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pittella-Silva
- University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Pathology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Claudia C. Gatto
- University of Brasília, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Claudia C. Gatto,
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5
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Guantay L, Garro C, Siri S, Pansa MF, Ghidelli-Disse S, Paviolo N, Racca A, Nicotra V, Radu C, Bocco JL, Felice R, Jansson KH, Remlinger K, Amador A, Stronach E, Coleman K, Muelbaier M, Drewes G, Gloger I, Madauss K, García M, Gottifredi V, Soria G. Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) inhibition is synthetic lethal with BRCA2 deficiency. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100932. [PMID: 36706533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BRCA2 is a well-established cancer driver in several human malignancies. While the remarkable success of PARP inhibitors proved the clinical potential of targeting BRCA deficiencies, the emergence of resistance mechanisms underscores the importance of seeking novel Synthetic Lethal (SL) targets for future drug development efforts. In this work, we performed a BRCA2-centric SL screen with a collection of plant-derived compounds from South America. We identified the steroidal alkaloid Solanocapsine as a selective SL inducer, and we were able to substantially increase its potency by deriving multiple analogs. The use of two complementary chemoproteomic approaches led to the identification of the nucleotide salvage pathway enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) as Solanocapsine's target responsible for its BRCA2-linked SL induction. Additional confirmatory evidence was obtained by using the highly specific dCK inhibitor (DI-87), which induces SL in multiple BRCA2-deficient and KO contexts. Interestingly, dCK-induced SL is mechanistically different from the one induced by PARP inhibitors. dCK inhibition generates substantially lower levels of DNA damage, and cytotoxic phenotypes are associated exclusively with mitosis, thus suggesting that the fine-tuning of nucleotide supply in mitosis is critical for the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells. Moreover, by using a xenograft model of contralateral tumors, we show that dCK impairment suffices to trigger SL in-vivo. Taken together, our findings unveil dCK as a promising new target for BRCA2-deficient cancers, thus setting the ground for future therapeutic alternatives to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guantay
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Sebastián Siri
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Pansa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Upper Providence, PA, United States
| | | | - Natalia Paviolo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Racca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Nicotra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Caius Radu
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosana Felice
- GlaxoSmithKline, Southern Cone LatAm, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Keith H Jansson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Upper Providence, PA, United States
| | - Katja Remlinger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Upper Providence, PA, United States
| | - Alejandro Amador
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Upper Providence, PA, United States
| | - Euan Stronach
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coleman
- GlaxoSmithKline, Synthetic Lethal RU, Waltham, MA, United States
| | | | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH - a GSK Company, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isro Gloger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Madauss
- GlaxoSmithKline, Global Health R&D, Upper Providence, PA, United States
| | - Manuela García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Chen BY, Salas JR, Trias AO, Rodriguez AP, Tsang JE, Guemes M, Le TM, Galic Z, Shepard HM, Steinman L, Nathanson DA, Czernin J, Witte ON, Radu CG, Schultz KA, Clark PM. Targeting deoxycytidine kinase improves symptoms in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2023; 168:152-169. [PMID: 35986643 PMCID: PMC9844239 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease driven by lymphocyte activation against myelin autoantigens in the central nervous system leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway with the rate-limiting enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) captures extracellular deoxyribonucleosides for use in intracellular deoxyribonucleotide metabolism. Previous studies have shown that deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity is enriched in lymphocytes and required for early lymphocyte development. However, specific roles for the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway and dCK in autoimmune diseases such as MS are unknown. Here we demonstrate that dCK activity is necessary for the development of clinical symptoms in the MOG35-55 and MOG1-125 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models of MS. During EAE disease, deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity is elevated in the spleen and lymph nodes. Targeting dCK with the small molecule dCK inhibitor TRE-515 limits disease severity when treatments are started at disease induction or when symptoms first appear. EAE mice treated with TRE-515 have significantly fewer infiltrating leukocytes in the spinal cord, and TRE-515 blocks activation-induced B and T cell proliferation and MOG35-55 -specific T cell expansion without affecting innate immune cells or naïve T and B cell populations. Our results demonstrate that targeting dCK limits symptoms in EAE mice and suggest that dCK activity is required for MOG35-55 -specific lymphocyte activation-induced proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica R. Salas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa O. Trias
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arely Perez Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Guemes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thuc M. Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zoran Galic
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A. Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caius G. Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter M. Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Crompton JG, Armstrong WR, Eckardt MA, Seyedroudbari A, Tap WD, Dry SM, Abt ER, Calais J, Herrmann K, Czernin J, Eilber FC, Benz MR. 18F-FLT PET/CT as a Prognostic Imaging Biomarker of Disease-Specific Survival in Patients with Primary Soft-Tissue Sarcoma. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:708-712. [PMID: 34593596 PMCID: PMC9051595 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate 18F-FLT PET/CT as an early prognostic imaging biomarker of long-term overall survival and disease-specific survival (DSS) in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and surgical resection. Methods: This was a 10-y follow-up of a previous single-center, single-arm prospective clinical trial. Patients underwent 18F-FLT PET/CT before treatment (PET1) and after NAT (PET2). Posttreatment pathology specimens were assessed for tumor necrosis or fibrosis and for Ki-67 and thymidine kinase 1 expression. Maximally selected cutoffs for PET and histopathologic factors were applied. Survival was calculated from the date of subject consent to the date of death or last follow-up. Results: The study population consisted of 26 patients who underwent PET1; 16 of the 26 with primary STS underwent PET2. Thirteen deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 104 mo. In the overall cohort, overall survival was longer in patients with a low than a high PET1 tumor SUVmax (dichotomized by an SUVmax of ≥8.5 vs. <8.5: not yet reached vs. 49.7 mo; P = 0.0064). DSS showed a trend toward significance (P = 0.096). In a subanalysis of primary STS, DSS was significantly longer in patients with a low PET1 tumor SUVmax (dichotomized by an SUVmax of ≥8 vs. <8; P = 0.034). There were no significant 18F-FLT PET response thresholds corresponding to DSS or overall survival after NAT at PET2. Conclusion:18F-FLT PET may serve as a prognostic baseline imaging biomarker for DSS in patients with primary STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. Crompton
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wesley R. Armstrong
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A. Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ameen Seyedroudbari
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - William D. Tap
- Department of Medicine, Sarcoma Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Evan R. Abt
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg–Essen and German Cancer Consortium–University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthias R. Benz
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California;,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg–Essen and German Cancer Consortium–University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Nucleotides are synthesized through two distinct pathways: de novo synthesis and nucleoside salvage. Whereas the de novo pathway synthesizes nucleotides from amino acids and glucose, the salvage pathway recovers nucleosides or bases formed during DNA or RNA degradation. In contrast to high proliferating non-malignant cells, which are highly dependent on the de novo synthesis, cancer cells can switch to the nucleoside salvage pathways to maintain efficient DNA replication. Pyrimidine de novo synthesis remains the target of interest in cancer therapy and several inhibitors showed promising results in cancer cells and in vivo models. In the 1980s and 1990s, poor responses were however observed in clinical trials with several of the currently existing pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors. To overcome the observed limitations in clinical trials, targeting pyrimidine salvage alone or in combination with pyrimidine de novo inhibitors was suggested. Even though this approach showed initially promising results, it received fresh attention only recently. Here we discuss the re-discovery of targeting pyrimidine salvage pathways for DNA replication alone or in combination with inhibitors of pyrimidine de novo synthesis to overcome limitations of commonly used antimetabolites in various preclinical cancer models and clinical trials. We also highlight newly emerged targets in pyrimidine synthesis as well as pyrimidine salvage as a promising target in immunotherapy.
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9
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Kunzke T, Hölzl FT, Prade VM, Buck A, Huber K, Feuchtinger A, Ebert K, Zwingenberger G, Geffers R, Hauck SM, Haffner I, Luber B, Lordick F, Walch A. Metabolomic therapy response prediction in pretherapeutic tissue biopsies for trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e547. [PMID: 34586736 PMCID: PMC8473480 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kunzke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian T Hölzl
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena M Prade
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Achim Buck
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Huber
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karolin Ebert
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, München, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, München, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ivonne Haffner
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Technische Universität München, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, München, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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10
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Liang K, Abt ER, Le TM, Cho A, Dann AM, Cui J, Li L, Rashid K, Creech AL, Wei L, Ghukasyan R, Rosser EW, Wu N, Carlucci G, Czernin J, Donahue TR, Radu CG. STING-driven interferon signaling triggers metabolic alterations in pancreas cancer cells visualized by [(18)F]FLT PET imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118. [PMID: 34480004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105390118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effectors of emerging cancer immunotherapies designed to activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). A challenge in the clinical translation of these agents is the lack of noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarkers that indicate increased intratumoral IFN signaling following PRR activation. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging enables the visualization of tissue metabolic activity, but whether IFN signaling-induced alterations in tumor cell metabolism can be detected using PET has not been investigated. We found that IFN signaling augments pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell nucleotide metabolism via transcriptional induction of metabolism-associated genes including thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP). TYMP catalyzes the first step in the catabolism of thymidine, which competitively inhibits intratumoral accumulation of the nucleoside analog PET probe 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT). Accordingly, IFN treatment up-regulates cancer cell [18F]FLT uptake in the presence of thymidine, and this effect is dependent upon TYMP expression. In vivo, genetic activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a PRR highly expressed in PDAC, enhances the [18F]FLT avidity of xenograft tumors. Additionally, small molecule STING agonists trigger IFN signaling-dependent TYMP expression in PDAC cells and increase tumor [18F]FLT uptake in vivo following systemic treatment. These findings indicate that [18F]FLT accumulation in tumors is sensitive to IFN signaling and that [18F]FLT PET may serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for STING agonist-based therapies in PDAC and possibly other malignancies characterized by elevated STING expression.
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11
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Gu X, Tohme R, Tomlinson B, Sakre N, Hasipek M, Durkin L, Schuerger C, Grabowski D, Zidan AM, Radivoyevitch T, Hong C, Carraway H, Hamilton B, Sobecks R, Patel B, Jha BK, Hsi ED, Maciejewski J, Saunthararajah Y. Decitabine- and 5-azacytidine resistance emerges from adaptive responses of the pyrimidine metabolism network. Leukemia 2021; 35:1023-1036. [PMID: 32770088 PMCID: PMC7867667 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-1003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms-of-resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine, mainstay treatments for myeloid malignancies, require investigation and countermeasures. Both are nucleoside analog pro-drugs processed by pyrimidine metabolism into a deoxynucleotide analog that depletes the key epigenetic regulator DNA methyltranseferase 1 (DNMT1). Here, upon serial analyses of DNMT1 levels in patients' bone marrows on-therapy, we found DNMT1 was not depleted at relapse. Showing why, bone marrows at relapse exhibited shifts in expression of key pyrimidine metabolism enzymes in directions adverse to pro-drug activation. Further investigation revealed the origin of these shifts. Pyrimidine metabolism is a network that senses and regulates deoxynucleotide amounts. Deoxynucleotide amounts were disturbed by single exposures to decitabine or 5-azacytidine, via off-target depletion of thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase respectively. Compensating pyrimidine metabolism shifts peaked 72-96 h later. Continuous pro-drug exposures stabilized these adaptive metabolic responses to thereby prevent DNMT1-depletion and permit exponential leukemia out-growth as soon as day 40. The consistency of the acute metabolic responses enabled exploitation: simple treatment modifications in xenotransplant models of chemorefractory leukemia extended noncytotoxic DNMT1-depletion and leukemia control by several months. In sum, resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine originates from adaptive responses of the pyrimidine metabolism network; these responses can be anticipated and thus exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Gu
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rita Tohme
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Tomlinson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nneha Sakre
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Durkin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tomsich Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Schuerger
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dale Grabowski
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Asmaa M Zidan
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hetty Carraway
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Sobecks
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Babal K Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eric D Hsi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tomsich Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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12
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Shorstova T, Su J, Zhao T, Dahabieh M, Leibovitch M, De Sa Tavares Russo M, Avizonis D, Rajkumar S, Watson IR, Del Rincón SV, Miller WH, Foulkes WD, Witcher M. Reprogramming of Nucleotide Metabolism Mediates Synergy between Epigenetic Therapy and MAP Kinase Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:64-75. [PMID: 33087508 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare but often lethal cancer that is diagnosed at a median age of 24 years. Optimal management of patients is not well defined, and current treatment remains challenging, necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. The identification of SMARCA4-inactivating mutations invariably characterizing this type of cancer provided insights facilitating diagnostic and therapeutic measures against this disease. We show here that the BET inhibitor OTX015 acts in synergy with the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib to repress the proliferation of SCCOHT in vivo Notably, this synergy is also observed in some SMARCA4-expressing ovarian adenocarcinoma models intrinsically resistant to BETi. Mass spectrometry, coupled with knockdown of newly found targets such as thymidylate synthase, revealed that the repression of a panel of proteins involved in nucleotide synthesis underlies this synergy both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in reduced pools of nucleotide metabolites and subsequent cell-cycle arrest. Overall, our data indicate that dual treatment with BETi and MEKi represents a rational combination therapy against SCCOHT and potentially additional ovarian cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Shorstova
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jie Su
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tiejun Zhao
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Dahabieh
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Leibovitch
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Daina Avizonis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre's (GCRC) Metabolomics Facility, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shivshankari Rajkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian R Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- Departments of Oncology and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Sbirkov Y, Burnusuzov H, Sarafian V. Metabolic reprogramming in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28255. [PMID: 32293782 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first observations of altered metabolism in malignant cells were made nearly 100 years ago and therapeutic strategies targeting cell metabolism have been in clinical use for several decades. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of cell metabolism dysregulation in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). Reprogramming of cellular bioenergetic processes can be expected in the three distinct stages of cALL: at diagnosis, during standard chemotherapy, and in cases of relapse. Upregulation of glycolysis, dependency on anaplerotic energy sources, and activation of the electron transport chain have all been observed in cALL. While the current treatment strategies are tackling some of these aberrations, cALL cells are likely to be able to rewire their metabolism in order to escape therapy, which may contribute to a refractory disease and relapse. Finally, here we focus on novel therapeutic approaches emerging from our evolving understanding of the alterations of different metabolic networks in lymphoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Hasan Burnusuzov
- Research Institute at Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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14
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Sun DL, Poddar S, Pan RD, Rosser EW, Abt ER, Van Valkenburgh J, Le TM, Lok V, Hernandez SP, Song J, Li J, Turlik A, Chen X, Cheng CA, Chen W, Mona CE, Stuparu AD, Vergnes L, Reue K, Damoiseaux R, Zink JI, Czernin J, Donahue TR, Houk KN, Jung ME, Radu CG. Isoquinoline thiosemicarbazone displays potent anticancer activity with in vivo efficacy against aggressive leukemias. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:392-410. [PMID: 33479645 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00594c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A potent class of isoquinoline-based α-N-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HCT) compounds has been rediscovered; based upon this scaffold, three series of antiproliferative agents were synthesized through iterative rounds of methylation and fluorination modifications, with anticancer activities being potentiated by physiologically relevant levels of copper. The lead compound, HCT-13, was highly potent against a panel of pancreatic, small cell lung carcinoma, prostate cancer, and leukemia models, with IC50 values in the low-to-mid nanomolar range. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that fluorination at the 6-position of HCT-13 was beneficial for ligand-copper complex formation, stability, and ease of metal-center reduction. Through a chemical genomics screen, we identify DNA damage response/replication stress response (DDR/RSR) pathways, specifically those mediated by ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinase (ATR), as potential compensatory mechanism(s) of action following HCT-13 treatment. We further show that the cytotoxicity of HCT-13 is copper-dependent, that it promotes mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) dysfunction, induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and selectively depletes guanosine nucleotide pools. Lastly, we identify metabolic hallmarks for therapeutic target stratification and demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of HCT-13 against aggressive models of acute leukemias in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Soumya Poddar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Roy D Pan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Ethan W Rosser
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Evan R Abt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Thuc M Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Vincent Lok
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Selena P Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Janet Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Joanna Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Aneta Turlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Chi-An Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Department of Bioengineering , University of California, Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Christine E Mona
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Andreea D Stuparu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics , David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Molecular Biology Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- UCLA Metabolomic Center , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Jeffrey I Zink
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA.,Department of Surgery , University of California, Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA . .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division , University of California, Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
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15
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Poddar S, Capparelli EV, Rosser EW, Gipson RM, Wei L, Le T, Jung ME, Radu C, Nikanjam M. Development and preclinical pharmacology of a novel dCK inhibitor, DI-87. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113742. [PMID: 31812677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is an essential enzyme for production of nucleotides via the salvage pathway; DI-87 is a novel dCK inhibitor in preclinical development for use in anticancer therapy. The current study utilizes PET imaging to evaluate PK-PD relationships and to determine optimal dosing of the drug. METHODS NSG mice bearing CEM tumors had plasma and tumor PK assessed using mass spectrometry following oral administration of DI-87. dCK inhibition was assessed after a single dose of oral DI-87 followed by a [18F]CFA PET probe and PET imaging. Tumor growth inhibition was assessed by orally administering DI-87 with concurrent intraperitoneal thymidine. RESULTS DI-87 had an in vitro EC50 of 10.2 nM with low protein binding. Peak DI-87 concentrations were observed between 1-3 h and 3-9 h in plasma and tumor, respectively, with tumor concentrations less than one third of plasma. Full dCK inhibition, as evaluated by PET imaging, was observed as early as 3 h following 25 mg/kg dosing and was maintained for 12 h, with full recovery of enzyme activity after 36 h. When DI-87 was administered as repeated doses in combination with thymidine, full dCK inhibition was maintained at 12 h (25 mg/kg twice daily dose) and led to maximal tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS DI-87 is a promising new compound for use in combination therapy against tumors expressing dCK. Utilizing a [18F]CFA PET probe targeting the pathway of interest allowed for efficient and accurate identification of the optimal dose for growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Poddar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edmund V Capparelli
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ethan W Rosser
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raymond M Gipson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thuc Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caius Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mina Nikanjam
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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16
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Abt ER, Rosser EW, Durst MA, Lok V, Poddar S, Le TM, Cho A, Kim W, Wei L, Song J, Capri JR, Xu S, Wu N, Slavik R, Jung ME, Damoiseaux R, Czernin J, Donahue TR, Lavie A, Radu CG. Metabolic Modifier Screen Reveals Secondary Targets of Protein Kinase Inhibitors within Nucleotide Metabolism. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 27:197-205.e6. [PMID: 31734178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the pyrimidine nucleotide uridine monophosphate (UMP) is essential for cell proliferation and is achieved by the activity of convergent de novo and salvage metabolic pathways. Here we report the development and application of a cell-based metabolic modifier screening platform that leverages the redundancy in pyrimidine metabolism for the discovery of selective UMP biosynthesis modulators. In evaluating a library of protein kinase inhibitors, we identified multiple compounds that possess nucleotide metabolism modifying activity. The JNK inhibitor JNK-IN-8 was found to potently inhibit nucleoside transport and engage ENT1. The PDK1 inhibitor OSU-03012 (also known as AR-12) and the RAF inhibitor TAK-632 were shown to inhibit the therapeutically relevant de novo pathway enzyme DHODH and their affinities were unambiguously confirmed through in vitro assays and co-crystallization with human DHODH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Abt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ethan W Rosser
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Durst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent Lok
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soumya Poddar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thuc M Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet Song
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Capri
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shili Xu
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nanping Wu
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger Slavik
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Donahue
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arnon Lavie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; The Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Delou JMA, Souza ASO, Souza LCM, Borges HL. Highlights in Resistance Mechanism Pathways for Combination Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1013. [PMID: 31480389 PMCID: PMC6770082 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy has been a mainstay in cancer treatment for the last 60 years. Although the mechanisms of action and signaling pathways affected by most treatments with single antineoplastic agents might be relatively well understood, most combinations remain poorly understood. This review presents the most common alterations of signaling pathways in response to cytotoxic and targeted anticancer drug treatments, with a discussion of how the knowledge of signaling pathways might support and orient the development of innovative strategies for anticancer combination therapy. The ultimate goal is to highlight possible strategies of chemotherapy combinations based on the signaling pathways associated with the resistance mechanisms against anticancer drugs to maximize the selective induction of cancer cell death. We consider this review an extensive compilation of updated known information on chemotherapy resistance mechanisms to promote new combination therapies to be to discussed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M A Delou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alana S O Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonel C M Souza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Helena L Borges
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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18
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Elliott IA, Dann AM, Xu S, Kim SS, Abt ER, Kim W, Poddar S, Moore A, Zhou L, Williams JL, Capri JR, Ghukasyan R, Matsumura C, Tucker DA, Armstrong WR, Cabebe AE, Wu N, Li L, Le TM, Radu CG, Donahue TR. Lysosome inhibition sensitizes pancreatic cancer to replication stress by aspartate depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6842-7. [PMID: 30894490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812410116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional lysosomes mediate autophagy and macropinocytosis for nutrient acquisition. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors exhibit high basal lysosomal activity, and inhibition of lysosome function suppresses PDAC cell proliferation and tumor growth. However, the codependencies induced by lysosomal inhibition in PDAC have not been systematically explored. We performed a comprehensive pharmacological inhibition screen of the protein kinome and found that replication stress response (RSR) inhibitors were synthetically lethal with chloroquine (CQ) in PDAC cells. CQ treatment reduced de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and induced replication stress. We found that CQ treatment caused mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion of aspartate, an essential precursor for de novo nucleotide synthesis, as an underlying mechanism. Supplementation with aspartate partially rescued the phenotypes induced by CQ. The synergy of CQ and the RSR inhibitor VE-822 was comprehensively validated in both 2D and 3D cultures of PDAC cell lines, a heterotypic spheroid culture with cancer-associated fibroblasts, and in vivo xenograft and syngeneic PDAC mouse models. These results indicate a codependency on functional lysosomes and RSR in PDAC and support the translational potential of the combination of CQ and RSR inhibitors.
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19
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Fordham SE, Blair HJ, Elstob CJ, Plummer R, Drew Y, Curtin NJ, Heidenreich O, Pal D, Jamieson D, Park C, Pollard J, Fields S, Milne P, Jackson GH, Marr HJ, Menne T, Jones GL, Allan JM. Inhibition of ATR acutely sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to nucleoside analogs that target ribonucleotide reductase. Blood Adv 2018; 2:1157-1169. [PMID: 29789314 PMCID: PMC5965047 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase promotes cancer cell survival by signaling stalled replication forks generated by replication stress, a common feature of many cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we show that the antileukemic activity of the chemotherapeutic nucleoside analogs hydroxyurea and gemcitabine was significantly potentiated by ATR inhibition via a mechanism involving ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) abrogation and inhibition of replication fork progression. When administered in combination with gemcitabine, an inhibitor of the M1 RNR subunit, the ATR inhibitor VX-970, eradicated disseminated leukemia in an orthotopic mouse model, eliciting long-term survival and effective cure. These data identify a synergistic interaction between ATR inhibition and RNR loss that will inform the deployment of small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of AML and other hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fordham
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Blair
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Elstob
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yvette Drew
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deepali Pal
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Jamieson
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Park
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Fields
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Milne
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graham H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Marr
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Menne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gail L Jones
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - James M Allan
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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20
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Hammam K, Saez-Ayala M, Rebuffet E, Gros L, Lopez S, Hajem B, Humbert M, Baudelet E, Audebert S, Betzi S, Lugari A, Combes S, Letard S, Casteran N, Mansfield C, Moussy A, De Sepulveda P, Morelli X, Dubreuil P. Dual protein kinase and nucleoside kinase modulators for rationally designed polypharmacology. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1420. [PMID: 29127277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Masitinib, a highly selective protein kinase inhibitor, can sensitise gemcitabine-refractory cancer cell lines when used in combination with gemcitabine. Here we report a reverse proteomic approach that identifies the target responsible for this sensitisation: the deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). Masitinib, as well as other protein kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, interact with dCK and provoke an unforeseen conformational-dependent activation of this nucleoside kinase, modulating phosphorylation of nucleoside analogue drugs. This phenomenon leads to an increase of prodrug phosphorylation of most of the chemotherapeutic drugs activated by this nucleoside kinase. The unforeseen dual activity of protein kinase inhibition/nucleoside kinase activation could be of great therapeutic benefit, through either reducing toxicity of therapeutic agents by maintaining effectiveness at lower doses or by counteracting drug resistance initiated via down modulation of dCK target. Masitinib is a protein kinase inhibitor that sensitises refractory pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to treatment with the nucleoside analog gemcitabine. Here the authors show that Masitinib activates deoxycytidine kinase to enhance phosphorylation of nucleoside analogue pro-drugs, increasing their potency.
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21
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Mai WX, Gosa L, Daniels VW, Ta L, Tsang JE, Higgins B, Gilmore WB, Bayley NA, Harati MD, Lee JT, Yong WH, Kornblum HI, Bensinger SJ, Mischel PS, Rao PN, Clark PM, Cloughesy TF, Letai A, Nathanson DA. Cytoplasmic p53 couples oncogene-driven glucose metabolism to apoptosis and is a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Nat Med. 2017;23:1342-1351. [PMID: 29035366 PMCID: PMC5683421 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk among oncogenic signaling and metabolic pathways may create
opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies in cancer. Here we show that
acute inhibition of EGFR-driven glucose metabolism induces minimal cell death,
yet lowers the apoptotic threshold in a subset of patient-derived glioblastoma
(GBM) cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that, following attenuated glucose
consumption, Bcl-xL blocks cytoplasmic p53 from triggering intrinsic apoptosis.
Consequently, pharmacological stabilization of p53 with the brain-penetrant
small molecule, Idasanutlin, in combination with targeting EGFR-driven glucose
metabolism promoted synthetic lethality in orthotopic xenograft models. Notably,
neither inhibition of EGFR signaling, nor genetic analysis of
EGFR, was sufficient to predict sensitivity to this new
therapeutic combination. Conversely, rapid changes in
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake using non-invasive
positron emission tomography was an effective predictive biomarker of response
in vivo. Together, these studies identify a critical link between oncogene
signaling, glucose metabolism, and cytoplasmic p53, which could be exploited for
combination therapy in GBM and potentially, other malignancies.
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22
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Le TM, Poddar S, Capri JR, Abt ER, Kim W, Wei L, Uong NT, Cheng CM, Braas D, Nikanjam M, Rix P, Merkurjev D, Zaretsky J, Kornblum HI, Ribas A, Herschman HR, Whitelegge J, Faull KF, Donahue TR, Czernin J, Radu CG. ATR inhibition facilitates targeting of leukemia dependence on convergent nucleotide biosynthetic pathways. Nat Commun 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28808226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cells rely on two nucleotide biosynthetic pathways, de novo and salvage, to produce dNTPs for DNA replication. Here, using metabolomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic approaches, we show that inhibition of the replication stress sensing kinase ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) reduces the output of both de novo and salvage pathways by regulating the activity of their respective rate-limiting enzymes, ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), via distinct molecular mechanisms. Quantification of nucleotide biosynthesis in ATR-inhibited acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells reveals substantial remaining de novo and salvage activities, and could not eliminate the disease in vivo. However, targeting these remaining activities with RNR and dCK inhibitors triggers lethal replication stress in vitro and long-term disease-free survival in mice with B-ALL, without detectable toxicity. Thus the functional interplay between alternative nucleotide biosynthetic routes and ATR provides therapeutic opportunities in leukemia and potentially other cancers. Leukemic cells depend on the nucleotide synthesis pathway to proliferate. Here the authors use metabolomics and proteomics to show that inhibition of ATR reduced the activity of these pathways thus providing a valuable therapeutic target in leukemia.
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23
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Clark PM, Ebiana VA, Gosa L, Cloughesy TF, Nathanson DA. Harnessing Preclinical Molecular Imaging to Inform Advances in Personalized Cancer Medicine. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:689-696. [PMID: 28385796 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.181693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular analysis of individual tumors provides great potential for personalized cancer therapy. However, the presence of a particular genetic alteration is often insufficient to predict therapeutic efficacy. Drugs with distinct mechanisms of action can affect the biology of tumors in specific and unique ways. Therefore, assays that can measure drug-induced perturbations of defined functional tumor properties can be highly complementary to genomic analysis. PET provides the capacity to noninvasively measure the dynamics of various tumor biologic processes in vivo. Here, we review the underlying biochemical and biologic basis for a variety of PET tracers and how they may be used to better optimize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Victoria A Ebiana
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Laura Gosa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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24
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Barrio MJ, Spick C, Radu CG, Lassmann M, Eberlein U, Allen-Auerbach M, Schiepers C, Slavik R, Czernin J, Herrmann K. Human Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 18F-Clofarabine, a PET Probe Targeting the Deoxyribonucleoside Salvage Pathway. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:374-378. [PMID: 27811125 PMCID: PMC6945110 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-clofarabine, a nucleotide purine analog, is a substrate for deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), a key enzyme in the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway. 18F-clofarabine might be used to measure dCK expression and thus serve as a predictive biomarker for tumor responses to dCK-dependent prodrugs or small-molecule dCK inhibitors, respectively. As a prerequisite for clinical translation, we determined the human whole-body and organ dosimetry of 18F-clofarabine. Methods: Five healthy volunteers were injected intravenously with 232.4 ± 1.5 MBq of 18F-clofarabine. Immediately after tracer injection, a dynamic scan of the entire chest was acquired for 30 min. This was followed by 3 static whole-body scans at 45, 90, and 135 min after tracer injection. Regions of interest were drawn around multiple organs on the CT scan and copied to the PET scans. Organ activity was determined and absorbed dose was estimated with OLINDA/EXM software. Results: The urinary bladder (critical organ), liver, kidney, and spleen exhibited the highest uptake. For an activity of 250 MBq, the absorbed doses in the bladder, liver, kidney, and spleen were 58.5, 6.6, 6.3, and 4.3 mGy, respectively. The average effective dose coefficient was 5.1 mSv. Conclusion: Our results hint that 18F-clofarabine can be used safely in humans to measure tissue dCK expression. Future studies will determine whether 18F-clofarabine may serve as a predictive biomarker for responses to dCK-dependent prodrugs or small-molecule dCK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Claudio Spick
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Martin Allen-Auerbach
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christiaan Schiepers
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roger Slavik
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Knezevic CE, Wright G, Rix LLR, Kim W, Kuenzi BM, Luo Y, Watters JM, Koomen JM, Haura EB, Monteiro AN, Radu C, Lawrence HR, Rix U. Proteome-wide Profiling of Clinical PARP Inhibitors Reveals Compound-Specific Secondary Targets. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1490-1503. [PMID: 27866910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are a promising class of targeted cancer drugs, but their individual target profiles beyond the PARP family, which could result in differential clinical use or toxicity, are unknown. Using an unbiased, mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics approach, we generated a comparative proteome-wide target map of the four clinical PARPi, olaparib, veliparib, niraparib, and rucaparib. PARPi as a class displayed high target selectivity. However, in addition to the canonical targets PARP1, PARP2, and several of their binding partners, we also identified hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) and deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) as previously unrecognized targets of rucaparib and niraparib, respectively. Subsequent functional validation suggested that inhibition of DCK by niraparib could have detrimental effects when combined with nucleoside analog pro-drugs. H6PD silencing can cause apoptosis and further sensitize cells to PARPi, suggesting that H6PD may be, in addition to its established role in metabolic disorders, a new anticancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Knezevic
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela Wright
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lily L Remsing Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent M Kuenzi
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yunting Luo
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - January M Watters
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Caius Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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26
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Laks DR, Ta L, Crisman TJ, Gao F, Coppola G, Radu CG, Nathanson DA, Kornblum HI. Inhibition of Nucleotide Synthesis Targets Brain Tumor Stem Cells in a Subset of Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1271-8. [PMID: 27196770 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of both the de novo (DNP) and salvage (NSP) pathways of nucleoside synthesis has been demonstrated to impair leukemia cells. We endeavored to determine whether this approach would be efficacious in glioblastoma. To diminish nucleoside biosynthesis, we utilized compound DI-39, which selectively targets NSP, in combination with thymidine (dT), which selectively targets DNP. We employed in vitro and ex vivo models to determine the effects of pretreatment with dT + DI-39 on brain tumor stem cells (BTSC). Here, we demonstrate that this combinatorial therapy elicits a differential response across a spectrum of human patient-derived glioblastoma cultures. As determined by apoptotic markers, most cultures were relatively resistant to treatment, although a subset was highly sensitive. Sensitivity was unrelated to S-phase delay and to DNA damage induced by treatment. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that response across cultures was associated with the transcription factor PAX3 (associated with resistance) and with canonical pathways, including the nucleotide excision repair pathway, PTEN (associated with resistance), PI3K/AKT (associated with sensitivity), and ErbB2-ErbB3. Our in vitro assays demonstrated that, in sensitive cultures, clonal sphere formation was reduced upon removal from pretreatment. In contrast, in a resistant culture, clonal sphere formation was slightly increased upon removal from pretreatment. Moreover, in an intracranial xenograft model, pretreatment of a sensitive culture caused significantly smaller and fewer tumors. In a resistant culture, tumors were equivalent irrespective of pretreatment. These results indicate that, in the subset of sensitive glioblastoma, BTSCs are targeted by inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1271-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan R Laks
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas J Crisman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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27
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Kim W, Le TM, Wei L, Poddar S, Bazzy J, Wang X, Uong NT, Abt ER, Capri JR, Austin WR, Van Valkenburgh JS, Steele D, Gipson RM, Slavik R, Cabebe AE, Taechariyakul T, Yaghoubi SS, Lee JT, Sadeghi S, Lavie A, Faull KF, Witte ON, Donahue TR, Phelps ME, Herschman HR, Herrmann K, Czernin J, Radu CG. [18F]CFA as a clinically translatable probe for PET imaging of deoxycytidine kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4027-32. [PMID: 27035974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524212113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), a rate-limiting enzyme in the cytosolic deoxyribonucleoside (dN) salvage pathway, is an important therapeutic and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging target in cancer. PET probes for dCK have been developed and are effective in mice but have suboptimal specificity and sensitivity in humans. To identify a more suitable probe for clinical dCK PET imaging, we compared the selectivity of two candidate compounds-[(18)F]Clofarabine; 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-adenine ([(18)F]CFA) and 2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-guanine ([(18)F]F-AraG)-for dCK and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK), a dCK-related mitochondrial enzyme. We demonstrate that, in the tracer concentration range used for PET imaging, [(18)F]CFA is primarily a substrate for dCK, with minimal cross-reactivity. In contrast, [(18)F]F-AraG is a better substrate for dGK than for dCK. [(18)F]CFA accumulation in leukemia cells correlated with dCK expression and was abrogated by treatment with a dCK inhibitor. Although [(18)F]CFA uptake was reduced by deoxycytidine (dC) competition, this inhibition required high dC concentrations present in murine, but not human, plasma. Expression of cytidine deaminase, a dC-catabolizing enzyme, in leukemia cells both in cell culture and in mice reduced the competition between dC and [(18)F]CFA, leading to increased dCK-dependent probe accumulation. First-in-human, to our knowledge, [(18)F]CFA PET/CT studies showed probe accumulation in tissues with high dCK expression: e.g., hematopoietic bone marrow and secondary lymphoid organs. The selectivity of [(18)F]CFA for dCK and its favorable biodistribution in humans justify further studies to validate [(18)F]CFA PET as a new cancer biomarker for treatment stratification and monitoring.
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Kollareddy M, Dimitrova E, Vallabhaneni KC, Chan A, Le T, Chauhan KM, Carrero ZI, Ramakrishnan G, Watabe K, Haupt Y, Haupt S, Pochampally R, Boss GR, Romero DG, Radu CG, Martinez LA. Regulation of nucleotide metabolism by mutant p53 contributes to its gain-of-function activities. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7389. [PMID: 26067754 PMCID: PMC4467467 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 (mtp53) is an oncogene that drives cancer cell proliferation. Here we report that mtp53 associates with the promoters of numerous nucleotide metabolism genes (NMG). Mtp53 knockdown reduces NMG expression and substantially depletes nucleotide pools, which attenuates GTP dependent protein (GTPase) activity and cell invasion. Addition of exogenous guanosine or GTP restores the invasiveness of mtp53 knockdown cells, suggesting that mtp53 promotes invasion by increasing GTP. Additionally, mtp53 creates a dependency on the nucleoside salvage pathway enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) for the maintenance of a proper balance in dNTP pools required for proliferation. These data indicate that mtp53 harboring cells have acquired a synthetic sick or lethal phenotype relationship with the nucleoside salvage pathway. Finally, elevated expression of NMG correlates with mutant p53 status and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Thus, mtp53’s control of nucleotide biosynthesis has both a driving and sustaining role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Kollareddy
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Krishna C Vallabhaneni
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Adriano Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thuc Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Krishna M Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Zunamys I Carrero
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Microbiology and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- 1] Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [3] Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- 1] Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia [2] Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Radhika Pochampally
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Gerard R Boss
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Caius G Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Mississippi Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
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van Gisbergen M, Voets A, Starmans M, de Coo I, Yadak R, Hoffmann R, Boutros P, Smeets H, Dubois L, Lambin P. How do changes in the mtDNA and mitochondrial dysfunction influence cancer and cancer therapy? Challenges, opportunities and models. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2015; 764:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Slot Christiansen L, Munch-Petersen B, Knecht W. Non-Viral Deoxyribonucleoside Kinases--Diversity and Practical Use. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:235-48. [PMID: 26059771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides to their corresponding monophosphate compounds. dNks also phosphorylate deoxyribonucleoside analogues that are used in the treatment of cancer or viral infections. The study of the mammalian dNKs has therefore always been of great medical interest. However, during the last 20 years, research on dNKs has gone into non-mammalian organisms. In this review, we focus on non-viral dNKs, in particular their diversity and their practical applications. The diversity of this enzyme family in different organisms has proven to be valuable in studying the evolution of enzymes. Some of these newly discovered enzymes have been useful in numerous practical applications in medicine and biotechnology, and have contributed to our understanding of the structural basis of nucleoside and nucleoside analogue activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgitte Munch-Petersen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden; Department of Science, Systems and Models, Roskilde University, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden; Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden.
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Nomme J, Li Z, Gipson RM, Wang J, Armijo AL, Le T, Poddar S, Smith T, Santarsiero BD, Nguyen HA, Czernin J, Alexandrova AN, Jung ME, Radu CG, Lavie A. Structure-guided development of deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors with nanomolar affinity and improved metabolic stability. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9480-94. [PMID: 25341194 PMCID: PMC4255734 DOI: 10.1021/jm501124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently,
we have shown that small molecule dCK inhibitors in combination
with pharmacological perturbations of de novo dNTP biosynthetic pathways
could eliminate acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in animal models.
However, our previous lead compound had a short half-life in vivo. Therefore, we set out to develop dCK inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic
properties. We delineated the sites of the inhibitor for modification,
guided by crystal structures of dCK in complex with the lead compound
and with derivatives. Crystal structure of the complex between dCK
and the racemic mixture of our new lead compound indicated that the R-isomer is responsible for kinase inhibition. This was
corroborated by kinetic analysis of the purified enantiomers, which
showed that the R-isomer has >60-fold higher affinity
than the S-isomer for dCK. This new lead compound
has significantly improved metabolic stability, making it a prime
candidate for dCK-inhibitor based therapies against hematological
malignancies and, potentially, other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Nomme
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and ‡Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Lecona E, Fernández-Capetillo O. Replication stress and cancer: it takes two to tango. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:26-34. [PMID: 25257608 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Problems arising during DNA replication require the activation of the ATR-CHK1 pathway to ensure the stabilization and repair of the forks, and to prevent the entry into mitosis with unreplicated genomes. Whereas the pathway is essential at the cellular level, limiting its activity is particularly detrimental for some cancer cells. Here we review the links between replication stress (RS) and cancer, which provide a rationale for the use of ATR and Chk1 inhibitors in chemotherapy. First, we describe how the activation of oncogene-induced RS promotes genome rearrangements and chromosome instability, both of which could potentially fuel carcinogenesis. Next, we review the various pathways that contribute to the suppression of RS, and how mutations in these components lead to increased cancer incidence and/or accelerated ageing. Finally, we summarize the evidence showing that tumors with high levels of RS are dependent on a proficient RS-response, and therefore vulnerable to ATR or Chk1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lecona
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernández-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Chabner BA. Effective double whammy targets DNA synthesis in leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:384. [PMID: 24616473 PMCID: PMC3949576 DOI: 10.1084/jem.2113insight1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Chabner
- Director of Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital
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