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Lee CW, Chiang MH, Wei WC, Liao SS, Liu YB, Huang KC, Chen KL, Kuo WC, Sung YC, Chen TY, Liu JF, Chiang YC, Shih HN, Peng KT, Chieh JJ. Highly efficient magnetic ablation and the contrast of various imaging using biocompatible liquid-metal gallium. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:38. [PMID: 35715781 PMCID: PMC9205100 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-01003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the powerful clinical effects of radiofrequency and microwave ablation have been established, such ablation is associated with several limitations, including a small ablation size, a long ablation time, the few treatment positioning, and biosafety risks. To overcome these limitations, biosafe and efficient magnetic ablation was achieved in this study by using biocompatible liquid gallium as an ablation medium and a contrast medium for imaging. Results Magnetic fields with a frequency (f) lower than 200 kHz and an amplitude (H) × f value lower than 5.0 × 109 Am−1 s−1 were generated using the proposed method. These fields could generate an ablation size of 3 cm in rat liver lobes under a temperature of approximately 300 °C and a time of 20 s. The results of this study indicate that biomedical gallium can be used as a contrast medium for the positioning of gallium injections and the evaluation of ablated tissue around a target site. Liquid gallium can be used as an ablation medium and imaging contrast medium because of its stable retention in normal tissue for at least 3 days. Besides, the high anticancer potential of gallium ions was inferred from the self-degradation of 100 µL of liquid gallium after around 21 days of immersion in acidic solutions. Conclusions The rapid wireless ablation of large or multiple lesions was achieved through the simple multi-injection of liquid gallium. This approach can replace the currently favoured procedure involving the use of multiple ablation probes, which is associated with limited benefits and several side effects. Methods Magnetic ablation was confirmed to be highly efficient by the consistent results obtained in the simulation and in vitro tests of gallium and iron oxide as well as the electromagnetic specifics and thermotherapy performance comparison detailed in this study Ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging were found to be compatible with the proposed magnetic ablation method. Self-degradation analysis was conducted by mixing liquid gallium in acidic solutions with a pH of approximately 5–7 (to imitate a tumour-containing microenvironment). X-ray diffraction was used to identify the gallium oxides produced by degraded gallium ions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12938-022-01003-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Wei
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Shien Liao
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Bin Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Lin Chen
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Sung
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Nung Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Chieh
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
AIM The purpose of this paper was to report the analysis of the concept of biological embedding. BACKGROUND Research that incorporates a life course perspective is becoming increasingly prominent in the health sciences. Biological embedding is a central concept in life course theory and may be important for nursing theories to enhance our understanding of health states in individuals and populations. Before the concept of biological embedding can be used in nursing theory and research, an analysis of the concept is required to advance it towards full maturity. DESIGN Concept analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched for publications using the term 'biological embedding' or 'biological programming' and published through 2015. METHODS An evaluation of the concept was first conducted to determine the concept's level of maturity and was followed by a concept comparison, using the methods for concept evaluation and comparison described by Morse. RESULTS A consistent definition of biological embedding - the process by which early life experience alters biological processes to affect adult health outcomes - was found throughout the literature. The concept has been used in several theories that describe the mechanisms through which biological embedding might occur and highlight its role in the development of health trajectories. Biological embedding is a partially mature concept, requiring concept comparison with an overlapping concept - biological programming - to more clearly establish the boundaries of biological embedding. CONCLUSIONS Biological embedding has significant potential for theory development and application in multiple academic disciplines, including nursing.
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Osikoya AO, Parlak O, Murugan NA, Dikio ED, Moloto H, Uzun L, Turner AP, Tiwari A. Acetylene-sourced CVD-synthesised catalytically active graphene for electrochemical biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:496-504. [PMID: 27157880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated the use of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown-graphene to develop a highly-ordered graphene-enzyme electrode for electrochemical biosensing. The graphene sheets were deposited on 1.00mm thick copper sheet at 850°C using acetylene (C2H2) as carbon source in an argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. An anionic surfactant was used to increase wettability and hydrophilicity of graphene; thereby facilitating the assembly of biomolecules on the electrode surface. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculations confirmed the successful modification of hydrophobic nature of graphene through the anionic surface assembly, which allowed high-ordered immobilisation of glucose oxidase (GOx) on the graphene. The electrochemical sensing activities of the graphene-electrode was explored as a model for bioelectrocatalysis. The bioelectrode exhibited a linear response to glucose concentration ranging from 0.2 to 9.8mM, with sensitivity of 0.087µA/µM/cm2 and a detection limit of 0.12µM (S/N=3). This work sets the stage for the use of acetylene-sourced CVD-grown graphene as a fundamental building block in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors and other bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi Olugbenga Osikoya
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Onur Parlak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - N Arul Murugan
- Virtual Laboratory for Molecular Probes, Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ezekiel Dixon Dikio
- Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Harry Moloto
- Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Lokman Uzun
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anthony Pf Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; Tekidag AB, UCS, Mjärdevi Science Park, Teknikringen 4A, SE 583 30 Linköping, Sweden; Vinoba Bhave Research Institute, Sirsa Road, Saidabad, Allahabad 221508, India.
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Shang W, Lu H, Wan W, Fukuda T, Shen Y. Vision-based Nano Robotic System for High-throughput Non-embedded Cell Cutting. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22534. [PMID: 26941071 PMCID: PMC4778025 DOI: 10.1038/srep22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cutting is a significant task in biology study, but the highly productive non-embedded cell cutting is still a big challenge for current techniques. This paper proposes a vision-based nano robotic system and then realizes automatic non-embedded cell cutting with this system. First, the nano robotic system is developed and integrated with a nanoknife inside an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Then, the positions of the nanoknife and the single cell are recognized, and the distance between them is calculated dynamically based on image processing. To guarantee the positioning accuracy and the working efficiency, we propose a distance-regulated speed adapting strategy, in which the moving speed is adjusted intelligently based on the distance between the nanoknife and the target cell. The results indicate that the automatic non-embedded cutting is able to be achieved within 1–2 mins with low invasion benefiting from the high precise nanorobot system and the sharp edge of nanoknife. This research paves a way for the high-throughput cell cutting at cell’s natural condition, which is expected to make significant impact on the biology studies, especially for the in-situ analysis at cellular and subcellular scale, such as cell interaction investigation, neural signal transduction and low invasive cell surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Shang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Haojian Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenfeng Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shen Zhen 518057, China
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Mattei TA, Rehman AA. Technological developments and future perspectives on graphene-based metamaterials: a primer for neurosurgeons. Neurosurgery 2014; 74:499-516; discussion 516. [PMID: 24476906 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a monolayer atomic-scale honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, has been considered the greatest revolution in metamaterials research in the past 5 years. Its developers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010, and massive funding has been directed to graphene-based experimental research in the last years. For instance, an international scientific collaboration has recently received a €1 billion grant from the European Flagship Initiative, the largest amount of financial resources ever granted for a single research project in the history of modern science. Because of graphene's unique optical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and quantum properties, the incorporation of graphene-based metamaterials to biomedical applications is expected to lead to major technological breakthroughs in the next few decades. Current frontline research in graphene technology includes the development of high-performance, lightweight, and malleable electronic devices, new optical modulators, ultracapacitors, molecular biodevices, organic photovoltaic cells, lithium-ion microbatteries, frequency multipliers, quantum dots, and integrated circuits, just to mention a few. With such advances, graphene technology is expected to significantly impact several areas of neurosurgery, including neuro-oncology, neurointensive care, neuroregeneration research, peripheral nerve surgery, functional neurosurgery, and spine surgery. In this topic review, the authors provide a basic introduction to the main electrophysical properties of graphene. Additionally, future perspectives of ongoing frontline investigations on this new metamaterial are discussed, with special emphasis on those research fields that are expected to most substantially impact experimental and clinical neurosurgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Mattei
- *Invision Health Brain and Spine Center, Williamsville, New York; ‡University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois
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Shen Y, Nakajima M, Yang Z, Kojima S, Homma M, Fukuda T. Design and characterization of nanoknife with buffering beam for in situ single-cell cutting. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:305701. [PMID: 21697582 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/30/305701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanoknife with a buffering beam is proposed for single-cell cutting. The nanoknife was fabricated from a commercial atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever by focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching technique. The material identification of the nanoknife was determined using the energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS) method. It demonstrated that the gallium ion pollution of the nanoknife can be ignored during the etching processes. The buffering beam was used to measure the cutting force based on its deformation. The spring constant of the beam was calibrated based on a referenced cantilever by using a nanomanipulation approach. The tip of the nanoknife was designed with a small edge angle 5° to reduce the compression to the cell during the cutting procedure. For comparison, two other nanoknives with different edge angles, i.e. 25° and 45°, were also prepared. An in situ single-cell cutting experiment was performed using these three nanoknives inside an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The cutting force and the sample slice angle for each nanoknife were evaluated. It showed the compression to the cell can be reduced when using the nanoknife with a small edge angle 5°. Consequently, the nanoknife was capable for in situ single-cell cutting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Shen
- Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ladinsky MS. Micromanipulator-Assisted Vitreous Cryosectioning and Sample Preparation by High-Pressure Freezing. Cryo-EM Part A Sample Preparation and Data Collection. Elsevier; 2010. pp. 165-94. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)81008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
The cellular nanocosm is made up of numerous types of macromolecular complexes or biological nanomachines. These form functional modules that are organized into complex subcellular networks. Information on the ultra-structure of these nanomachines has mainly been obtained by analyzing isolated structures, using imaging techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, or single particle electron microscopy (EM). Yet there is a strong need to image biological complexes in a native state and within a cellular environment, in order to gain a better understanding of their functions. Emerging methods in EM are now making this goal reachable. Cryo-electron tomography bypasses the need for conventional fixatives, dehydration and stains, so that a close-to-native environment is retained. As this technique is approaching macromolecular resolution, it is possible to create maps of individual macromolecular complexes. X-ray and NMR data can be 'docked' or fitted into the lower resolution particle density maps to create a macromolecular atlas of the cell under normal and pathological conditions. The majority of cells, however, are too thick to be imaged in an intact state and therefore methods such as 'high pressure freezing' with 'freeze-substitution followed by room temperature plastic sectioning' or 'cryo-sectioning of unperturbed vitreous fully hydrated samples' have been introduced for electron tomography. Here, we review methodological considerations for visualizing nanomachines in a close-to-physiological, cellular context. EM is in a renaissance, and further innovations and training in this field should be fully supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pierson
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121 B6, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Musa Sani
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121 B6, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cveta Tomova
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121 B6, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Godsave
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121 B6, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Peters
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AVL), Plesmanlaan 121 B6, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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