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Dubé K, Perez-Brumer A, Patel H, Zhou C, Dee L, Graham G, Meanley S, Philbin MM. "This Is Actually a Really Unique Moment in Time": Navigating Long-Acting HIV Treatment and HIV Cure Research with Analytical Treatment Interruptions-A Qualitative Interview Study in the United States. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024. [PMID: 38386494 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in long-acting (LA) HIV treatment and cure research with analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) have generated important scientific and implementation questions. There is an urgent need to examine challenges navigating the evolving HIV treatment and cure research landscape. From August to October 2022, we conducted 26 semistructured interviews with biomedical researchers and community members representing a predominantly woman demographic to explore the complexity of navigating the rapidly evolving HIV therapeutic and HIV cure research landscape. We purposively sampled individuals recruited from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the Martin Delaney Collaboratories for HIV Cure Research. Audio files were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through a thematic approach, using an inductive and iterative process. Among 26 participants, 10 were biomedical researchers and 16 community members, including 11 were people with HIV. Three main themes emerged: (1) We are at a pivotal moment in the evolving landscape of HIV therapeutics and LA HIV treatment and HIV cure research should not be siloed but considered together; (2) There are challenges with engagement in HIV cure research and in switching between oral daily antiretroviral treatment and LA formulations and, mainly, the prolonged pharmacokinetic tail of these compounds matched with limited patient education about their impacts; and (3) There are unique opportunities as a result of this evolving therapeutic landscape, including the key role of decision support for people with HIV, centering around patient autonomy, and the need to learn from the lived experiences of people with HIV who choose LA treatment and/or participation in HIV cure research. Despite a bias toward the woman gender, our study identifies key considerations for navigating concurrent LA HIV treatment and HIV cure research with ATIs from both community members and biomedical researchers' perspectives. Achieving optimal HIV control remains a formidable challenge, necessitating robust interdisciplinary collaborations and engagement with key stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hursch Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carina Zhou
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gail Graham
- PATIENTS Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Meanley
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Morgan Mari Philbin
- Division of Vulnerable Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Dubé K, Perez-Brumer A. Call for justice-informed HIV cure trials with ATIs. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e137-e139. [PMID: 38281500 PMCID: PMC10922922 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Miraflores, Lima, Peru
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Li L, Fu L, Li H, Liu T, Sun J. Emerging trends and patterns in healthcare-seeking behavior: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37272. [PMID: 38394511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of healthcare-seeking behavior is essential for optimizing resource allocation and improving healthcare services. Its complexity and diversity have made it a prominent research area. Understanding factors influencing healthcare-seeking decisions allows targeted interventions and policy development to address barriers and ensure equitable access to quality healthcare for diverse populations. Such research plays a vital role in enhancing healthcare outcomes and overall population health. METHODS The study utilized a systematic quantitative literature review approach, employing the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection and PubMed databases as data sources. Additionally, bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed for analysis and visualization of the literature. RESULTS A comprehensive statistical analysis and visualization were performed on the annual publication volume, publication countries, journals, keywords, and keyword co-occurrence patterns up until 2023. Through this analysis, a framework was established, identifying the determinants and fundamental elements of healthcare-seeking behavior. These findings contribute to the advancement of research in this field and inform future studies and interventions aimed at improving healthcare-seeking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Based on the aforementioned literature review and framework, several conclusions were drawn. The determinants that facilitate healthcare-seeking behavior include improving health education awareness, enhancing healthcare resources, reducing costs, and ensuring system soundness. Additionally, providing social environment support was found to be crucial. Furthermore, the fundamental elements of healthcare-seeking behavior were identified as healthcare demand, healthcare choices, and the process of diagnosis and treatment. These findings provide valuable insights for developing interventions and policies to promote optimal healthcare-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiangjie Sun
- School of Health Care Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Dubé K, Ndukwe SO, Korolkova A, Dee L, Sugarman J, Sauceda JA. Participant experiences in a combination HIV cure-related trial with extended analytical treatment interruption in San Francisco, United States. HIV Res Clin Pract 2024; 25:2312318. [PMID: 38348830 PMCID: PMC10951555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited systematic information available about the perspectives of participants enrolled in intensive combination HIV cure-related trials inclusive of an extended analytical treatment interruption (ATI). OBJECTIVE To assess and understand experiences of people with HIV involved in a combination HIV cure-related trial with an extended ATI. METHODS The trial included five interventions and was followed by an ATI lasting up to 52 wk. From 2022 - 2023, we conducted in-depth interviews with study participants following their extended ATIs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via conventional thematic analysis. RESULTS We interviewed seven participants. The majority were male, White, and non-Hispanic, with a median age of 37 years. Trust in the research team, scientific altruism and hope of becoming a post-intervention controller were key motivators for joining the trial. Interviewees reported being satisfied with their decision to participate in the trial and the extended ATI. Most recounted feelings of worry related to viral rebound during the ATI. Participants reported both defeat and relief with ART restart. Four faced challenges with protecting partners from HIV during their ATI, such as trying to find out if their partner(s) were using pre-exposure prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate potential improvements for future ATI trial participant experiences, such as more robust resources for psychosocial support and partner protections. Dedicating greater effort to understanding participant ATI experiences can inform the design of future participant-centered HIV cure trial protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health
(IDGPH), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La
Jolla, CA, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samuel O. Ndukwe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health
(IDGPH), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana Korolkova
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health
(IDGPH), Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La
Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community
Engagement Coordinator, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute for Bioethics, Baltimore,
MD, USA
| | - John A. Sauceda
- Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention
Studies (CAPS), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Noorman MAJ, de Wit JBF, Marcos TA, Stutterheim SE, Jonas KJ, den Daas C. The Importance of Social Engagement in the Development of an HIV Cure: A Systematic Review of Stakeholder Perspectives. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3789-3812. [PMID: 37329470 PMCID: PMC10589186 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As research into the development of an HIV cure gains prominence, assessing the perspectives of stakeholders becomes imperative. It empowers stakeholders to determine priorities and influence research processes. We conducted a systematic review of the empirical literature on stakeholder perspectives. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for empirical, peer-reviewed articles, published before September 2022. Our analysis of 78 papers showed that stakeholders could be divided into three categories: people with HIV, key populations, and professionals. Following thematic synthesis, two main themes were distinguished: stakeholders' perspectives on HIV cure research and stakeholders' perspectives on HIV cure. Research on perspectives on HIV cure research showed that stakeholders' hypothetical willingness to participate (WTP) in HIV cure research was relatively high, while actual WTP was found to be lower. Studies also identified associated (individual) characteristics of hypothetical WTP, as well as facilitators and barriers to hypothetical participation. Additionally, we reported research on experiences of actual HIV cure research participation. Our analysis of stakeholder perceptions of HIV cure showed that most stakeholders preferred a cure that could eliminate HIV and outlined positive associated impacts. Furthermore, we observed that most included studies were conducted among PWHIV, and in the Global North. To empower stakeholders, we recommend that future research include an even greater diversity of stakeholders and incorporate theories of behavior to further explore how stakeholders decide to meaningfully engage in every stage of HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike A J Noorman
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - John B F de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamika A Marcos
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Stutterheim
- Department of Health Promotion and Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai J Jonas
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal den Daas
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Dubé K, Morton T, Fox L, Dee L, Palm D, Villa TJ, Freshwater W, Taylor J, Graham G, Carter WB, Sauceda JA, Peluso MJ, Rid A. A partner protection package for HIV cure-related trials involving analytical treatment interruptions. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:e418-e430. [PMID: 37295453 PMCID: PMC10543569 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) have become a key methodological approach to evaluate the effects of experimental HIV cure-related research interventions. During ATIs, sex partners of trial participants might be at risk of acquiring HIV. This risk raises both ethical and feasibility concerns about ATI trials. We propose a partner protection package (P3) approach to address these concerns. A P3 approach would provide guidance to investigators, sponsors, and those who are designing and implementing context-specific partner protections in HIV cure-related trials involving ATIs. The approach would also help assure institutional review boards, trial participants, and communities that ATI trials with a P3 would provide appropriate partner protections. We offer a prototype P3 framework that delineates three basic considerations for protecting participants' sex partners during ATI trials: (1) ensuring the scientific and social value of the ATI and the trial, (2) reducing the likelihood of unintended HIV transmission, and (3) ensuring prompt management of any acquired HIV infection. We outline possible ways of implementing these basic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Tia Morton
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Fox
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lynda Dee
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise Community Engagement and Community Advisory Board University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, HIV, ID and Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; AIDS Action Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Palm
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group Global Community Advisory Board, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases Clinical Trials Unit, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Villa
- HIV Obstruction by Programmed Epigenetics Delaney Collaboratory Community Advisory Board, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; National HIV & Aging Advocacy Network, National Minority AIDS Council, Washington, DC, USA; Reversing Immune Dysfunction HIV Delaney Collaboratory Community Advisory Board, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeff Taylor
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise Community Engagement and Community Advisory Board University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, HIV, ID and Global Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Reversing Immune Dysfunction HIV Delaney Collaboratory Community Advisory Board, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Palm Springs, CA, USA; HIV + Aging Research Project, Palm Springs, CA, USA
| | | | - William B Carter
- Baltimore, MD, USA; BEAT-HIV Collaboratory Delaney Community Advisory Board, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Division of Prevention Sciences, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Peluso
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annette Rid
- Department of Bioethics, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dubé K, Barr E, Philbin M, Perez-Brumer A, Minalga B, Peterson B, Averitt D, Picou B, Martel K, Chung C, Mejía M, Cameron M, Graham G, Dee L, Diallo DD, Gordon E, Korolkova A, Dyer T, Auerbach JD, Scully E, Dong KL, Gianella S. Increasing the meaningful involvement of women in HIV cure-related research: a qualitative interview study in the United States. HIV Res Clin Pract 2023; 24:2246717. [PMID: 37608645 PMCID: PMC10454980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisgender women represent over half of people living with HIV globally. However, current research efforts toward a cure for HIV focus predominantly on cisgender men. The under-representation of women in HIV cure clinical studies is particularly problematic given data suggesting that sex-dependent phenotypes limit scientific discovery. OBJECTIVE We aimed to generate considerations to increase the meaningful involvement of women in HIV cure-related research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with biomedical researchers and community members to better understand factors that could increase the meaningful involvement of women in HIV cure clinical trials. Participants were affiliated with academia, industry, community advisory boards, and community-based organizations, and were identified using listings from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and the Martin Delaney Collaboratories. We used conventional content analysis to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS We recruited 27 participants, of whom 11 were biomedical researchers and 16 were community members. Participants included 25 cisgender women, 1 transgender woman, and 1 cisgender man. Key considerations emerged, including the need to ensure that HIV cure studies reflect HIV epidemiologic trends and having accurate representation by sex and gender in HIV cure research. To increase the meaningful involvement of women, recommendations included instituting intentional enrollment goals, frequent and mandatory reporting on enrollment, and incentives for sites to enroll women. Additional themes included the need for agency and self-determination, attention to lived experiences, trauma and healing, and adequate support for women (e.g. logistical, psychosocial, mental, emotional, and physical). Participants noted that women would be willing to participate in HIV cure trials, related procedures (e.g. biopsies), and analytical treatment interruptions. They also expressed a desired for women-centered and holistic clinical trial designs that account for intersectionality. CONCLUSIONS Our empirical inquiry extends recent calls to action to increase diversity of people involved in HIV cure research. Redressing the under-inclusion of women in HIV cure research is an urgent imperative. The entire field must mobilize and reform to achieve this goal. Meaningfully involving women across the gender spectrum in HIV cure research is needed to ensure that interventions are safe, effective, scalable, and acceptable for all people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0507, San Diego, CA, 92093-0507, USA
- University of North Carolina (UNC) Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7411, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barr
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH), 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Morgan Philbin
- Center for Vulnerable Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 2789 25 Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Amaya Perez-Brumer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Room 500, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Brian Minalga
- Office of HIV/AIDS Network Coordination (HANC), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Beth Peterson
- Wistar Institute and BEAT-HIV Delaney Collaboratory Towards an HIV-1 Cure, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dawn Averitt
- The Well Project and Women’s Research Initiative on HIV/AIDS (WRI), Nationwide, USA
| | - Bridgette Picou
- The Well Project and Women’s Research Initiative on HIV/AIDS (WRI), Nationwide, USA
| | - Krista Martel
- The Well Project and Women’s Research Initiative on HIV/AIDS (WRI), Nationwide, USA
| | - Cecilia Chung
- Transgender Law Center, PO Box 70976, Oakland, CA, 94612-0976, USA
| | - María Mejía
- The Well Project Community Advisory Board (CAB), Nationwide, USA
| | - Martha Cameron
- International Community of Women Living with HIV (ICW), North America
| | - Gail Graham
- University of Maryland PATIENTS Program, 20 North Pine Sreet, Maryland, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, 14 East Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | | | - Ebony Gordon
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board, 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
- San Francisco AIDS Foundation (SFAF), 1035 Market Street, 4 Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Anastasia Korolkova
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0507, San Diego, CA, 92093-0507, USA
| | - Typhanye Dyer
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, Suite 2242, College Park, MD, 20742-2611, USA
| | - Judith D. Auerbach
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, UCSF, 550 16 Street, 3 Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Eileen Scully
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Krista L. Dong
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139-3583, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MD, 02114, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0507, San Diego, CA, 92093-0507, USA
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Dubé K, Mthimkhulu D, Ngcobo W, Mindry D, Maphalala L, Pillay V, Tran W, Korolkova A, Ndung’u T, Dong K. 'With this study, we have hope that something is coming': community members' perceptions of HIV cure-related research in Durban, South Africa - a qualitative focus group study. HIV Res Clin Pract 2023; 24:2243046. [PMID: 37555592 PMCID: PMC10433450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a cure for HIV remains a global scientific priority. In 2022, the Females Rising through Education, Support and Health (FRESH) cohort launched an HIV cure-related trial involving an analytical treatment interruption (ATI) in Durban, South Africa. OBJECTIVES To explore community perspectives about HIV cure-related research. METHODS Between July-August 2022, we conducted three focus groups with community members. We transcribed audio recordings verbatim and used content analysis to analyze the data. RESULTS Twenty community members (13 women and 7 men) participated in three focus groups (HIV status not included). Participants viewed HIV cure-related research as a way to address the issue of defaulting on (not taking) HIV treatment. Participants expressed hesitancy around ATIs, since these contradict longstanding treatment adherence messages. Participants shared concerns around the risk of side effects from experimental interventions balanced against potential efficacy. They advocated for trial participants to have the right to decide whether to inform their sex partners about their HIV status and ATI participation, rather than research teams making disclosure mandatory. Focus group participants also emphasized the importance of using simple language to explain HIV cure-related research. CONCLUSIONS With HIV cure trials set to launch across Africa in the future, there is a critical need to better understand and respond to local community needs and preferences and to adopt this as standard practice prior to regional trial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deli Mthimkhulu
- Integration of Tuberculosis in Education and Care for HIV/AIDS (ITEACH), Durban, South Africa
| | - Wiseman Ngcobo
- Integration of Tuberculosis in Education and Care for HIV/AIDS (ITEACH), Durban, South Africa
| | - Deborah Mindry
- Center for Gender and Health Justice, University of California Global Health Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luyanda Maphalala
- Females Rising through Education, Support and Health (FRESH), Durban, South Africa
| | - Vanessa Pillay
- Females Rising through Education, Support and Health (FRESH), Durban, South Africa
| | - Whitney Tran
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana Korolkova
- University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme (HPP), The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krista Dong
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Dubé K. RFS Proudly Announces the 2022 Award Recipient for AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:317. [PMID: 37441727 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2023.29004.rfs2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health University of California San Diego School of Medicine San Diego, CA, USA
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Kanazawa J, Rawlings SA, Hendrickx S, Gianella S, Concha-Garcia S, Taylor J, Kaytes A, Patel H, Ndukwe S, Little SJ, Smith D, Dubé K. Lessons learned from the Last Gift study: ethical and practical challenges faced while conducting HIV cure-related research at the end of life. J Med Ethics 2023; 49:305-310. [PMID: 35732421 PMCID: PMC9772357 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2021-107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Last Gift is an observational HIV cure-related research study conducted with people with HIV at the end of life (EOL) at the University of California San Diego. Participants agree to voluntarily donate blood and other biospecimens while living and their bodies for a rapid research autopsy postmortem to better understand HIV reservoir dynamics throughout the entire body. The Last Gift study was initiated in 2017. Since then, 30 volunteers were enrolled who are either (1) terminally ill with a concomitant condition and have a prognosis of 6 months or less or (2) chronically ill with multiple comorbidities and nearing the EOL.Multiple ethical and logistical challenges have been revealed during this time; here, we share our lessons learnt and ethical analysis. Issues relevant to healthcare research include surrogate informed consent, personal and professional boundaries, challenges posed conducting research in a pandemic, and clinician burnout and emotional support. Issues more specific to EOL and postmortem research include dual roles of clinical care and research teams, communication between research personnel and clinical teams, legally required versus rapid research autopsy, identification of next of kin/loved ones and issues of inclusion. Issues specific to the Last Gift include logistics of body donation and rapid research autopsy, and disposition of the body as a study benefit.We recommend EOL research teams to have clear provisions around surrogate informed consent, rotate personnel to maintain boundaries, limit direct contact with staff associated with clinical care and have a clear plan for legally required versus research autopsies, among other recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kanazawa
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen A Rawlings
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- AntiViral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Steven Hendrickx
- AntiViral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- AntiViral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Susanna Concha-Garcia
- AntiViral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP), California NeuroAIDS Tissue Network (CNTN), University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeff Taylor
- HIV + Aging Research Program - Palm Springs (HARP-PS), Palm Springs, California, USA
- AntiViral Research Center Community Advisory Board, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andy Kaytes
- AntiViral Research Center Community Advisory Board, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hursch Patel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel Ndukwe
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan J Little
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Davey Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- AntiViral Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Karine Dubé
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Bonney EY, Lamptey H, Kyei GB. HIV cure: an acceptability scientific agenda. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:12-17. [PMID: 36503877 PMCID: PMC9757853 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent years have seen major investments into HIV cure research, seeking a permanent cure or remission. The purpose of this review is to consider how this important research agenda could be broadened to include issues of acceptability and appropriateness for different populations. RECENT FINDINGS We discuss how the definitions of cure such as functional cure (remission) or complete cure (viral elimination) could be interpreted differently by various populations. We also discuss the different methods of cure and the importance of including Africa in cure research to ensure that emerging remedies could be trialled and utilized on the continent that bears the brunt of the AIDS pandemic. SUMMARY We propose that the social science research of HIV cure acceptability should be done concurrently with the basic and clinical sciences, to ensure that cure methods consider stakeholder preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Y. Bonney
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Helena Lamptey
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - George B. Kyei
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Medical and Scientific Research Center, University of Ghana Medical Center, Accra, Ghana
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12
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Campbell DM, Cowlings PD, Tholanah M, Robinson MJ, Graham G, Aseru S, Dubé K, Cohn SE, Bar KJ, Connick E, Mngqbisa R, Scully EP, Stockman JK, Gianella S. A Community Call to Action to Prioritize Inclusion and Enrollment of Women in HIV Cure-related Research. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 91:e12-e14. [PMID: 36083494 PMCID: PMC9646409 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Campbell
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of California, San Diego/San Diego State University, La Jolla, CA
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA
| | - Portia D. Cowlings
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Education, Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Martha Tholanah
- Milton Park Clinical Research Site, Community Advisory Board, University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Center, Milton Park
| | | | - Gail Graham
- Johns Hopkins University AIDS Clinical Trials Group Clinical Research Site, Community Advisory Board, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scovia Aseru
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC)/Kampala Clinical Research Site, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Karine Dubé
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan E. Cohn
- Infectious Diseases Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Rosie Mngqbisa
- Durban International Clinical Research Site, AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eileen P. Scully
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jamila K. Stockman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA
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13
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Bailon L, Alarcón-Soto Y, Benet S. Challenges of HIV therapeutic vaccines clinical trials design. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2022; 17:345-51. [PMID: 36178769 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To discuss main challenges of therapeutic vaccine clinical trials design, implementation and analyses in the HIV cure field. RECENT FINDINGS Therapeutic vaccines are progressively being postulated as T-cell stimulating agents to use in combination HIV cure strategies, with the addition of immunomodulators, latency reversing agents and/or broadly neutralizing antibodies. Although promising strategies are rapidly evolving in preclinical studies using nonhuman primate models, translation into human testing in randomized controlled clinical trials is more challenging and expensive to conduct. Adaptive designs, access to cohorts of early-treated individuals, consensus on how to safely conduct analytical treatment interruptions, use of alternative statistical methods, development of point-of-care/home-based testing technologies and ensuring early engagement of communities where research is being developed are some of the critical aspects to consider to facilitate clinical trial development in the HIV cure field. SUMMARY Design and development of HIV therapeutic vaccine clinical trials poses many challenges, from Phase 0/pilot studies to Phase I/II trials in which efficacy of the intervention is being tested and antiretroviral therapy cessation is needed, complexity of cure trials progressively increases. Understanding fundamental issues and careful planning of therapeutic vaccine clinical trials is crucial to minimize design flaws, reduce loss of follow-ups and missing data while ensuring participant's safety and guarantee valid and accurate analyses and thus, better contribute towards an HIV cure.
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14
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Neergaard R, Jones NL, Roebuck C, Rendle KA, Barbati Z, Peterson B, Tebas P, Mounzer K, Metzger D, Montaner LJ, Dube K, Barg FK. "I know that I was a part of making a difference": Participant motivations for joining a cure-directed HIV trial with an analytical treatment interruption. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022. [PMID: 35979886 PMCID: PMC10389247 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical treatment interruption (ATI), defined as a closely monitored clinical pause in antiretroviral therapy, is a core component of many HIV cure-directed clinical studies. ATIs may cause significant physical and psychosocial risks for people living with HIV and, as a result, integrating participant and community perspectives into clinical trial designs that include an ATI is crucial to ensuring a successful and person-centered trial. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants enrolling in the BEAT-2 cure-directed trial (NCT03588715). Interviews elicited participant motivations and decision-making processes for trial participation as well as participants' perceptions of the ATI. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a directed content analysis. Fourteen of 15 trial participants completed interviews. The majority were Black (79%) cisgender male (79%). Participants noted several significant motivating factors contributing to their desire to enroll in the HIV cure-directed clinical trial, the most prominent being a desire to find a cure for HIV and help others in the HIV community. HIV care teams were the most commonly identified resource for patients when making the decision to enroll in the trial, and family, friends, and romantic partners also played a significant role. Altruism was a primary motivation for participation, although participants also shared interest in learning about HIV science and research. Participants had a strong understanding of trial procedures and displayed significant trust in the study team to keep them informed and healthy during their participation. The ATI was a significant source of anxiety for participants. Their primary worry was that their prior antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimen would no longer be effective once they resumed ART. Despite these concerns, participants shared considerable excitement for continued participation in the trial and being a part of the search towards an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Neergaard
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Nora L Jones
- Temple University, Center for Urban Bioethics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Wistar Institute, BEAT-HIV Collaboratory Community Advisory Board (CAB), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Christopher Roebuck
- University of California Berkeley, Anthropology, Berkeley, California, United States.,Wistar Institute, BEAT-HIV Collaboratory Community Advisory Board (CAB), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Katharine A Rendle
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Zoe Barbati
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Beth Peterson
- Wistar Institute, Martin Delaney BEAT-HIV Collaboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Pablo Tebas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Karam Mounzer
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - David Metzger
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104;
| | - Luis J Montaner
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104;
| | - Karine Dube
- UNC Gillings School of Global Health Health, Public Health Leadership Program, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27516;
| | - Frances K Barg
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
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15
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Roberts C, Creamer E, Boone CA, Young AT, Magnus M. Short Communication: Population Representation in HIV Cure Research: A Review of Diversity Within HIV Cure Studies Based in the United States. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:631-644. [PMID: 35018803 PMCID: PMC9464046 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV is experienced across diverse populations, with gender and racial/ethnic minority populations bearing a significant proportion of disease. With National Institutes of Health (NIH) placing a priority on the enrollment of women and racial/ethnic minorities into studies, it is important to understand the diversity of participants in research. We sought to characterize how HIV cure research studies report data on diversity. A sampling frame of publications with funding provided by the Martin Delaney Collaboratories for HIV Research in 2019 was reviewed for reporting of demographic data. Of 55 publications that included research on humans/human specimens, only 51% provided any demographic description. There often is insufficient consideration of diversity of populations in HIV cure research. Ameliorating gaps in this regard will require recruitment of diverse populations/specimens and specifications to report demographic data in articles. This will ensure inclusion of diverse participants in HIV cure research from earliest laboratory to eventual phase III studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Roberts
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Emma Creamer
- Community Education Group, Inc., District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cheriko A Boone
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the George Washington University and currently with Treatment Action Group, District of Columbia, USA
| | - A Toni Young
- Community Education Group, Inc., District of Columbia, USA
| | - Manya Magnus
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, District of Columbia, USA
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16
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Sylla L, Patel H, Louella M, Simoni J, Dubé K. Community HIV clinicians' perceptions about HIV cure-related research in the Northwestern United States. HIV Res Clin Pract 2022; 23:61-75. [PMID: 35904107 PMCID: PMC9836364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research on stakeholder perspectives of HIV cure research has involved people with HIV (PWH), who generally cite the importance of HIV clinician advice in making decisions about trial participation. However, there has been little exploration of non-researcher community HIV clinician perspectives, which are clearly critical to the success of HIV cure-related research.Objective: We aimed to learn how community HIV clinicians perceive HIV cure research and identify factors that would lead them to support or discourage HIV cure trial participation by their patients.Methods: We recruited a purposive sample of 12 community HIV clinicians in metro-Seattle, WA to participate in structured interviews. We completed 11 interviews via teleconference and received one written response. We used conventional content analysis to analyze the data.Results: Overall, community HIV clinicians were supportive of patient participation in HIV cure trials. Factors affecting support included knowledge of local trials, ease of referral, patient immune function and health stability, study risks and benefits, burden of study requirements, patient characteristics, patient life stability, potential impact on engagement in care, study communication plans, and beliefs that patients should have the autonomy to decide to participate. Participants had concerns about trials requiring treatment delays or interruptions and HIV transmission risk. While their knowledge of the field was limited, they were interested in learning more about open HIV cure trials.Conclusions: It would benefit the HIV cure research community if those leading HIV cure trials make stronger efforts to engage community clinicians who care for PWH, but are not active researchers, early in the trial design process. Such engagement prior to launching HIV cure trials will improve trial designs, leading to better enrollment and retention within these important studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Sylla
- defeatHIV Collaboratory, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, E5-110, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA,University of Washington, School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Mountain West AIDS Education & Training Center, Mailstop 359932, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Hursch Patel
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael Louella
- defeatHIV Collaboratory, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, E5-110, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jane Simoni
- University of Washington, Departments of Psychology and Global Health, 3909 Stevens Way CE, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karine Dubé
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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17
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Campbell DM, Dubé K, Cowlings PD, Dionicio P, Tam RM, Agarwal H, Stockman JK, Auerbach JD, Sauceda JA, Conroy AA, Johnson MO. "It comes altogether as one:" perceptions of analytical treatment interruptions and partner protections among racial, ethnic, sex and gender diverse HIV serodifferent couples in the United States. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1317. [PMID: 35810288 PMCID: PMC9270765 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most HIV cure-related studies involve interrupting antiretroviral treatment to assess the efficacy of pharmacologic interventions - also known as analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs). ATIs imply the risk of passing HIV to sexual partners due to the loss of undetectable HIV status. There has been a notable lack of attention paid to perceptions of ATIs among racial, ethnic, sex and gender minorities, and HIV serodifferent couples. These populations are among those most impacted by HIV in the United States. Future HIV cure research paradigms should equitably include considerations from these groups. METHODS From August - October 2020, we conducted in-depth interviews with 10 racial, ethnic, sex, and gender minority HIV serodifferent couples in geographically diverse regions of the United States to understand their perspectives about ATIs and partner protection measures to prevent secondary HIV transmissions because of participation in ATI studies. We used framework analysis to analyze the qualitative data. RESULTS Of the 10 couples recruited, four identified as a gay couple, two as a gay and bisexual couple, two as a heterosexual couple, one as a gay and queer couple, and one as a queer couple. We found that HIV serodifferent couples in our study viewed ATIs as contradicting HIV treatment adherence messages. Couples expressed discomfort around ATIs in HIV cure research. They were concerned with the return of HIV detectability and worried ATIs might result in secondary HIV transmission. Participants were strongly in favor of using a range of partner protection measures during ATIs that included PrEP, HIV risk reduction counseling, and alternatives for penetrative sex practices. Couples also recommended that sex partners be consulted or involved as part of ATI trials. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight new potential opportunities and strategies to mitigate risk of HIV transmission during ATIs among key groups historically under-represented in HIV cure research. Findings also underscore the relational aspects of ATI trials. We provide preliminary considerations for planning ATI trials with diverse HIV serodifferent partners. Future studies should continue to explore these issues among other types of partnerships, cultures, and socio-cultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Campbell
- grid.254041.60000 0001 2323 2312Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA ,Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of California, San Diego/San Diego State University, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Karine Dubé
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Portia D. Cowlings
- grid.254041.60000 0001 2323 2312Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059 USA ,grid.261833.d0000 0001 0691 6376Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Department of Education, Pepperdine University, 6100 Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
| | - Patricia Dionicio
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of California, San Diego/San Diego State University, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Rowena M. Tam
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of California, San Diego/San Diego State University, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Jamila K. Stockman
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Judith D. Auerbach
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811San Francisco (UCSF) Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - John A. Sauceda
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811San Francisco (UCSF) Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Amy A. Conroy
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811San Francisco (UCSF) Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Mallory O. Johnson
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811San Francisco (UCSF) Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Sciences, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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18
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Gamarel KE, Rebchook G, McCree BM, Jadwin‐Cakmak L, Connolly M, Reyes LA, Sevelius JM. The ethical imperative to reduce HIV stigma through community-engaged, status-neutral interventions designed with and for transgender women of colour in the United States. J Int AIDS Soc 2022; 25 Suppl 1:e25907. [PMID: 35818894 PMCID: PMC9274348 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the era of biomedical HIV prevention and treatment technologies, such as treatment as prevention (TasP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), there is momentum to develop and rigorously evaluate interventions focused on PrEP among those at risk for HIV acquisition and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among people living with HIV. While HIV status-specific interventions focused on PrEP or ART provide valuable information, status-segregated interventions can create, perpetuate, and even increase HIV stigma among transgender women of colour and other marginalized communities in the United States (US). DISCUSSION Due largely to community advocacy, discourses that support status-neutral approaches have emerged in the scientific literature. Although US-based funding mechanisms have typically designated awards focused on a specific HIV status, intervention developers and implementing agencies find creative ways to design and implement status-neutral programmes despite such restrictions. We present our experience with intervention research in New York, Detroit, New Orleans, Puerto Rico and the San Francisco Bay Area, all Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) priority jurisdictions. Kickin it with the Gurlz' was developed to be status-neutral through two grants due to community demands for a unifying approach. The Transgender Women Engagement and Entry to (TWEET) Care Project was designed to improve HIV care engagement for transgender women living with HIV, but developers realized the importance of including participants of any HIV status. Healthy Divas was designed for transgender women living with HIV but subsequent implementing agencies prioritized adapting it to be status-neutral. These examples support the urgency of designing, implementing and evaluating status-neutral interventions. CONCLUSIONS Community-based organizations strive for inclusivity in their programming and are rightly often reluctant to segregate services based on the HIV status of their clients. As researchers, we have an ethical imperative to work to reduce HIV stigma and respond to the needs of those most impacted by HIV, including transgender women of colour. As such, we call upon funders to develop mechanisms that support the development and testing of HIV status-neutral interventions to reduce HIV stigma and support community building, thereby increasing the possibility of fully realizing the benefits of biomedical HIV prevention and treatment technologies for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi E. Gamarel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Greg Rebchook
- Division of Prevention SciencesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Breonna M. McCree
- Division of Prevention SciencesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura Jadwin‐Cakmak
- Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Maureen Connolly
- Department of PediatricsHenry Ford Health SystemDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | - Jae M. Sevelius
- Division of Prevention SciencesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Cespedes M, Das M, Hojilla JC, Blumenthal J, Mounzer K, Ramgopal M, Hodge T, Torres TS, Peterson C, Shibase S, Elliott A, Demidont AC, Callaghan L, Watson CC, Carter C, Kintu A, Baeten JM, Ogbuagu O. Proactive strategies to optimize engagement of Black, Hispanic/Latinx, transgender, and nonbinary individuals in a trial of a novel agent for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267780. [PMID: 35657826 PMCID: PMC9165827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black and Hispanic/Latinx cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, transgender men, and gender nonbinary (TGNB) individuals have been historically underrepresented in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) clinical trials. There is an urgent need for ongoing engagement with communities that have been the most impacted by HIV and diverse representation in clinical trials. Here we describe strategic approaches undertaken in the PURPOSE 2 trial to optimize engagement of underrepresented individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS PURPOSE 2 is an ongoing Phase 3 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of lenacapavir as PrEP in cisgender MSM and TGNB individuals. In PURPOSE 2, we used a multipronged approach aimed at enriching participation of underrepresented individuals. We conducted a review to identify evidence-informed recommendations from literature, engaged with stakeholders, and established the Global Community Advisory and Accountability Group (GCAG) to represent the needs of the community. Insights from stakeholders and GCAG members resulted in an expansion of the study population to include transgender men, gender nonbinary persons, and adolescents, and evaluation of population-specific outcomes. Feedback from stakeholders and GCAG members also informed investigator and site selection; these were selected based on prior experience working with persons from diverse racial, ethnic and gender identities, and estimates of local HIV incidence. Site selection was also expanded to include community-based clinics with services tailored towards Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and TGNB populations. We established a study-wide recruitment goal of 50% Black MSM and 20% Hispanic/Latinx MSM in US sites and 20% transgender women globally. Site-specific recruitment goals were also developed based on local demographics and HIV incidence. Mandatory trainings included Good Participatory Practice guidelines, gender inclusivity, and antiracism. CONCLUSION While further work is needed to achieve equitable representation, the strategies we describe may serve as a framework for future clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Number: NCT04925752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cespedes
- Division of Infectious Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Moupali Das
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jill Blumenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Philadelphia FIGHT Community Health Centers, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Moti Ramgopal
- Midway Research Center, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Theo Hodge
- Washington Health Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Thiago S. Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charles Peterson
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Ayana Elliott
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States of America
| | - A. C. Demidont
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Alex Kintu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Onyema Ogbuagu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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20
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van Paassen P, Dijkstra M, Peay HL, Rokx C, Verbon A, Reiss P, Prins JM, Henderson GE, Rennie S, Nieuwkerk PT, de Bree GJ. Perceptions of HIV cure and willingness to participate in HIV cure-related trials among people enrolled in the Netherlands cohort study on acute HIV infection. J Virus Erad 2022; 8:100072. [PMID: 35769632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection are potential candidates for HIV cure-related clinical trials, as early ART reduces the size of the HIV reservoir. These trials, which may include ART interruption (ATI), might involve potential risks. We explored knowledge and perception of HIV cure and willingness to participate in cure-related trials among participants of the Netherlands Cohort Study on Acute HIV infection (NOVA study), who started antiretroviral therapy immediately after diagnosis of acute HIV infection. Methods We conducted 20 in-depth qualitative interviews with NOVA study participants between October-December 2018. Data were analyzed thematically, using inductive and iterative coding techniques. Findings Most participants had limited knowledge of HIV cure and understood HIV cure as complete eradication of HIV from their bodies. HIV cure was considered important to most participants, mostly due to the stigma surrounding HIV. More than half would consider undergoing brief ATI during trial participation, but only one person considered extended ATI. Viral rebound and increased infectiousness during ATI were perceived as large concerns. Participants remained hopeful of being cured during trial participation, even though they were informed that no personal medical benefit was to be expected. Interpretation Our results highlight the need for thorough informed consent procedures with assessment of comprehension and exploration of personal motives prior to enrollment in cure-related trials. Researchers might need to moderate their expectations about how many participants will enroll in a trial with extended ATI.
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21
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Dubé K, Kanazawa J, Patel H, Louella M, Sylla L, Sheehy J, Dee L, Taylor J, Adair J, Anthony-Gonda K, Dropulić B, Sauceda JA, Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Simoni J. Ethical and practical considerations for cell and gene therapy toward an HIV cure: findings from a qualitative in-depth interview study in the United States. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:39. [PMID: 35397551 PMCID: PMC8994300 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV cure research involving cell and gene therapy has intensified in recent years. There is a growing need to identify ethical standards and safeguards to ensure cell and gene therapy (CGT) HIV cure research remains valued and acceptable to as many stakeholders as possible as it advances on a global scale. METHODS To elicit preliminary ethical and practical considerations to guide CGT HIV cure research, we implemented a qualitative, in-depth interview study with three key stakeholder groups in the United States: (1) biomedical HIV cure researchers, (2) bioethicists, and (3) community stakeholders. Interviews permitted evaluation of informants' perspectives on how CGT HIV cure research should ethically occur, and were transcribed verbatim. We applied conventional content analysis focused on inductive reasoning to analyze the rich qualitative data and derive key ethical and practical considerations related to CGT towards an HIV cure. RESULTS We interviewed 13 biomedical researchers, 5 community members, and 1 bioethicist. Informants generated considerations related to: perceived benefits of CGT towards an HIV cure, perceived risks, considerations necessary to ensure an acceptable benefit/risk balance, CGT strategies considered unacceptable, additional ethical considerations, and considerations for first-in-human CGT HIV cure trials. Informants also proposed important safeguards to developing CGT approaches towards an HIV cure, such as the importance of mitigating off-target effects, mitigating risks associated with long-term duration of CGT interventions, and mitigating risks of immune overreactions. CONCLUSION Our study identified preliminary considerations for CGT-based HIV cure across three key stakeholder groups. Respondents identified an ideal cure strategy as one which would durably control HIV infection, protect the individual from re-acquisition, and eliminate transmission to others. Known and unknown risks should be anticipated and perceived as learning opportunities to preserve and honor the altruism of participants. Preclinical studies should support these considerations and be transparently reviewed by regulatory experts and peers prior to first-in-human studies. To protect the public trust in CGT HIV cure research, ethical and practical considerations should be periodically revisited and updated as the science continues to evolve. Additional ethics studies are required to expand stakeholder participation to include traditionally marginalized groups and clinical care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA
| | - John Kanazawa
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Hursch Patel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Michael Louella
- defeatHIV Collaboratory, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, E5-110, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Laurie Sylla
- defeatHIV Collaboratory, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, E5-110, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Jeff Sheehy
- Independent Consultant, 1999 Harrison Street, Suite 1650, Oakland, CA 94612 USA
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, 14 East Eager Street, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Jeff Taylor
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), 995 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
- HIV + Aging Research Project – Palm Springs (HARP-PS), 1775 East Palm Canyon Drive, Suite 110-349, Palm Springs, CA 92264 USA
| | - Jen Adair
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Kim Anthony-Gonda
- Caring Cross, 708 Quince Orchard Road, Suite 250D, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - Boro Dropulić
- Caring Cross, 708 Quince Orchard Road, Suite 250D, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - John A. Sauceda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 550 16th Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco General Hospital, Ward 84, Building 80, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco General Hospital, Ward 84, Building 80, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Jane Simoni
- Departments of Psychology and Global Health, University of Washington, 3909 Stevens Way CE, Box 351525, Seattle, WA USA
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22
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Pyra M, Motley D, Bouris A. Moving toward equity: fostering transdisciplinary research between the social and behavioral sciences and implementation science to end the HIV epidemic. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2022; 17:89-99. [PMID: 35225249 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, social and behavioral scientists have developed interventions to stem the spread of the virus. The dissemination of these interventions has traditionally been a lengthy process; however, implementation science (IS) offers a route toward hastening delivery of effective interventions. A transdisciplinary approach, wherein IS informs and is informed by social and behavioral sciences (SBS) as well as community participation, offers a strategy for more efficiently moving toward health equity and ending the HIV epidemic. RECENT FINDINGS There has been considerable growth in HIV research utilizing IS theories, methods and frameworks. Many of these studies have been multi or interdisciplinary in nature, demonstrating the ways that IS and SBS can strengthen one another. We also find areas for continued progress toward transdisciplinarity. SUMMARY We review literature from 2020 to 2021, exploring the ways IS and SBS have been used in tandem to develop, evaluate and disseminate HIV interventions. We highlight the interplay between disciplines and make a case for moving toward transdisciplinarity, which would yield new, integrated frameworks that can improve prevention and treatment efforts, moving us closer to achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pyra
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago
- Howard Brown Health Center
| | - Darnell Motley
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago
| | - Alida Bouris
- Chicago Center for HIV Elimination, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago
- Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Dubé K, Eskaf S, Hastie E, Agarwal H, Henley L, Roebuck C, Carter WB, Dee L, Taylor J, Mapp D, Campbell DM, Villa TJ, Peterson B, Lynn KM, Lalley-Chareczko L, Hiserodt E, Kim S, Rosenbloom D, Evans BR, Anderson M, Hazuda DJ, Shipley L, Bateman K, Howell BJ, Mounzer K, Tebas P, Montaner LJ. Preliminary Acceptability of a Home-Based Peripheral Blood Collection Device for Viral Load Testing in the Context of Analytical Treatment Interruptions in HIV Cure Trials: Results from a Nationwide Survey in the United States. J Pers Med 2022; 12:231. [PMID: 35207719 PMCID: PMC8879991 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent viral load testing is necessary during analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) in HIV cure-directed clinical trials, though such may be burdensome and inconvenient to trial participants. We implemented a national, cross-sectional survey in the United States to examine the acceptability of a novel home-based peripheral blood collection device for HIV viral load testing. Between June and August 2021, we distributed an online survey to people with HIV (PWH) and community members, biomedical HIV cure researchers and HIV care providers. We performed descriptive analyses to summarize the results. We received 73 survey responses, with 51 from community members, 12 from biomedical HIV cure researchers and 10 from HIV care providers. Of those, 51 (70%) were cisgender men and 50 (68%) reported living with HIV. Most (>80% overall) indicated that the device would be helpful during ATI trials and they would feel comfortable using it themselves or recommending it to their patients/participants. Of the 50 PWH, 42 (84%) indicated they would use the device if they were participating in an ATI trial and 27 (54%) also expressed a willingness to use the device outside of HIV cure studies. Increasing sensitivity of viral load tests and pluri-potency of the device (CD4 count, chemistries) would augment acceptability. Survey findings provide evidence that viral load home testing would be an important adjunct to ongoing HIV cure-directed trials involving ATIs. Survey findings may help inform successful implementation and uptake of the device in the context of personalized HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Shadi Eskaf
- Independent Public Health Researcher and Consultant, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Hastie
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Laney Henley
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (H.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Christopher Roebuck
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
- Martin Delaney BEAT-HIV Collaboratory Community Advisory Board (CAB), Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - William B. Carter
- Martin Delaney BEAT-HIV Collaboratory Community Advisory Board (CAB), Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.T.); (D.M.C.)
- AIDS Treatment Activists Coalition (ATAC), Denver, CO 80209, USA;
| | - Jeff Taylor
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.T.); (D.M.C.)
- AIDS Treatment Activists Coalition (ATAC), Denver, CO 80209, USA;
- HIV + Aging Research Project-Palm Springs (HARP-PS), Palm Springs, CA 92264, USA
| | - Derrick Mapp
- AIDS Treatment Activists Coalition (ATAC), Denver, CO 80209, USA;
- Shanti Project, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA
| | - Danielle M. Campbell
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.T.); (D.M.C.)
- AIDS Treatment Activists Coalition (ATAC), Denver, CO 80209, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Villa
- HOPE Martin Delaney Collaboratory, San Francisco, CA 94612, USA;
- BELIEVE Martin Delaney Collaboratory, Washington, DC 10021, USA
- National HIV & Aging Advocacy Network, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Beth Peterson
- Wistar Institute, Martin Delaney BEAT-HIV Collaboratory, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.P.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Kenneth M. Lynn
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (P.T.)
| | | | - Emily Hiserodt
- Philadelphia FIGHT Community Health Centers, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.L.-C.); (E.H.)
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Daniel Rosenbloom
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Brad R. Evans
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Melanie Anderson
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Daria J. Hazuda
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Lisa Shipley
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Kevin Bateman
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Bonnie J. Howell
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.R.); (B.R.E.); (M.A.); (D.J.H.); (L.S.); (K.B.); (B.J.H.)
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (P.T.)
- Philadelphia FIGHT Community Health Centers, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.L.-C.); (E.H.)
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (K.M.L.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Luis J. Montaner
- Wistar Institute, Martin Delaney BEAT-HIV Collaboratory, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.P.); (L.J.M.)
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24
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Miall A, McLellan R, Dong K, Ndung'u T, Saberi P, Sauceda JA, Dubé K. Bringing social context into global biomedical HIV cure-related research: An urgent call to action. J Virus Erad 2021; 8:100062. [PMID: 35169489 PMCID: PMC8829132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2021.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in science have ushered in a wave of new potential curative and control strategies for HIV that could eliminate the current requirement for life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH). In this article, we argue that it is critical to consider social contexts in the development of HIV cure trial protocols. The biological and behavioral risk factors for HIV acquisition by study participants are inseparable from the social context in which these participants live. The article discusses an example of a cohort established to further HIV cure research that included social context, called the FRESH Acute HIV study, which combines a sociostructural intervention while conducting HIV prevention, treatment and cure-related research in Durban, South Africa. We make an urgent call to action to include sociobehavioral components as instrumental in future HIV cure trials in global context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krista Dong
- Harvard Medical School, MA, USA,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa,HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Parya Saberi
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Division of Prevention Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John A. Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Division of Prevention Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karine Dubé
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Corresponding author. UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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25
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Deeks SG, Archin N, Cannon P, Collins S, Jones RB, de Jong MAWP, Lambotte O, Lamplough R, Ndung'u T, Sugarman J, Tiemessen CT, Vandekerckhove L, Lewin SR. Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021. Nat Med 2021; 27:2085-2098. [PMID: 34848888 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV, lifelong treatment is required and there is no cure. HIV can integrate in the host genome and persist for the life span of the infected cell. These latently infected cells are not recognized as foreign because they are largely transcriptionally silent, but contain replication-competent virus that drives resurgence of the infection once ART is stopped. With a combination of immune activators, neutralizing antibodies, and therapeutic vaccines, some nonhuman primate models have been cured, providing optimism for these approaches now being evaluated in human clinical trials. In vivo delivery of gene-editing tools to either target the virus, boost immunity or protect cells from infection, also holds promise for future HIV cure strategies. In this Review, we discuss advances related to HIV cure in the last 5 years, highlight remaining knowledge gaps and identify priority areas for research for the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Deeks
- University of California San Francisco, San Fransisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nancie Archin
- UNC HIV Cure Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paula Cannon
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - R Brad Jones
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Olivier Lambotte
- University Paris Saclay, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, UMR1184 INSERM CEA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | | | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University College London, London, UK
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Berman Institute of Bioethics and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Sharon R Lewin
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Dubé K, Kanazawa J, Taylor J, Dee L, Jones N, Roebuck C, Sylla L, Louella M, Kosmyna J, Kelly D, Clanton O, Palm D, Campbell DM, Onaiwu MG, Patel H, Ndukwe S, Henley L, Johnson MO, Saberi P, Brown B, Sauceda JA, Sugarman J. Ethics of HIV cure research: an unfinished agenda. BMC Med Ethics 2021; 22:83. [PMID: 34193141 PMCID: PMC8243312 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-021-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pursuit of a cure for HIV is a high priority for researchers, funding agencies, governments and people living with HIV (PLWH). To date, over 250 biomedical studies worldwide are or have been related to discovering a safe, effective, and scalable HIV cure, most of which are early translational research and experimental medicine. As HIV cure research increases, it is critical to identify and address the ethical challenges posed by this research. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the growing HIV cure research ethics literature, focusing on articles published in English peer-reviewed journals from 2013 to 2021. We extracted and summarized key developments in the ethics of HIV cure research. Twelve community advocates actively engaged in HIV cure research provided input on this summary and suggested areas warranting further ethical inquiry and foresight via email exchange and video conferencing. Discussion Despite substantial scholarship related to the ethics of HIV cure research, additional attention should focus on emerging issues in six categories of ethical issues: (1) social value (ongoing and emerging biomedical research and scalability considerations); (2) scientific validity (study design issues, such as the use of analytical treatment interruptions and placebos); (3) fair selection of participants (equity and justice considerations); (4) favorable benefit/risk balance (early phase research, benefit-risk balance, risk perception, psychological risks, and pediatric research); (5) informed consent (attention to language, decision-making, informed consent processes and scientific uncertainty); and (6) respect for enrolled participants and community (perspectives of people living with HIV and affected communities and representation). Conclusion HIV cure research ethics has an unfinished agenda. Scientific research and bioethics should work in tandem to advance ethical HIV cure research. Because the science of HIV cure research will continue to rapidly advance, ethical considerations of the major themes we identified will need to be revisited and refined over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubé
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7469, USA.
| | - John Kanazawa
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7469, USA
| | - Jeff Taylor
- HIV + Aging Research Project - Palm Springs (HARP-PS), Palm Springs, CA, USA.,AntiViral Research Center (AVRC) Community Advisory Board (CAB), San Diego, CA, USA.,Collaboratory of AIDS Researchers for Eradication (CARE) CAB, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lynda Dee
- AIDS Action Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nora Jones
- BEAT-HIV Collaboratory CAB, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kosmyna
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Community Scientific Subcommittee (CSS) Ethics Working Group, Nationwide, USA
| | - David Kelly
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Community Scientific Subcommittee (CSS) Ethics Working Group, Nationwide, USA
| | - Orbit Clanton
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group Global CAB, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - David Palm
- Collaboratory of AIDS Researchers for Eradication (CARE) CAB, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases HIV Treatment and Prevention CAB, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danielle M Campbell
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise (DARE) Community Advisory Board (CAB), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Charles R. Drew College of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morénike Giwa Onaiwu
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Community Scientific Subcommittee (CSS) Ethics Working Group, Nationwide, USA.,Center for the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality (School of Humanities), Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hursch Patel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7469, USA
| | - Samuel Ndukwe
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7469, USA
| | - Laney Henley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 4108 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7469, USA
| | - Mallory O Johnson
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Division of Prevention Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Parya Saberi
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Division of Prevention Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Brown
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, Center for Healthy Communities, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John A Sauceda
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Division of Prevention Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute for Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA
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