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Abd-Elhaleem Othman MA, Zaky AA, Eltayeb EA, Khalil NM. A radiographic and histological study to compare red (650 nm) versus near infrared (810 nm) diode lasers photobiomodulation for alveolar socket preservation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6871. [PMID: 38519552 PMCID: PMC10959980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous findings indicated that the laser photobiomodulation is more effective than the control or placebo in preserving the alveolar socket. This study aimed to compare two different lasers regarding their effectiveness in aiding alveolar socket preservation. Twenty extraction sockets were selected then divided into two equal groups. Group A was exposed to 650 nm Diode laser, and Group B to 810 nm Diode laser following the same protocol and parameters after a standard alveolar socket preservation procedure with collagen plug. Radiographic analysis with cone beam computed tomography was done to compare the alveolar bone surface area immediately after extraction and three months post-operatively, while bone samples collected before implant drilling were histologically examined for newly formed bone evaluation and histomorphometric analysis in terms of percentage of new bone surface area, percentage of unmineralized bone and finally, immunohistochemical analysis of Osteocalcin reaction surface area as well as optical density. Radiographically, infrared (810 nm) Diode effect on alveolar bone surface area has significantly exceeded the red laser, while histologically, red (650 nm) Diode has demonstrated statistical significance regarding all parameters; newly formed bone surface area percentage, unmineralized bone area percentage and finally Osteocalcin bone marker reaction surface area percentage and optical density. Under the specified conditions and laser parameters, photobiomodulation using the 810 nm Diode got the upper hand radiographically, yet histologically, the red 650 nm Diode managed to dominate all histological parameters when both employed as an adjunct to alveolar socket preservation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abbas Zaky
- Medical Applications of Lasers Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Abdullah Eltayeb
- Medical Applications of Lasers Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesma Mohamed Khalil
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Özer H, İnci MA. Effect of low-level laser therapy in wound healing of primary molar teeth extraction. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:348. [PMID: 38500156 PMCID: PMC10949756 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth extraction in children requires attention to wound healing and pain management, which are influenced by patient-related factors and behavioral guidance. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the effect of LLLT on healing sockets in pediatric patients with bilateral primary molar teeth extraction and determine its impact on pain management. METHODS 6-10 years of age, systemically healthy, and with atraumatic extraction indications of bilateral primary molar teeth were included in the study (n = 40). In the first session, randomly selected teeth were extracted under local anesthesia. In the control group, only clot formation in the socket was observed and photographed. The other group extractions were performed 2 weeks later. The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) group was treated with a 980 nm wavelength, in a continuous emission mode, 0.5 W power, 300 J of energy, 400 µm tip, 60 s diode laser and photographed. Nonepithelialized surface measurements were performed using ImageJ. Pain assessment was performed using the Wong-Baker Pain Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the Wong-Baker values in 3rd day (p < 0.05). In soft tissue healing on the 3rd and 7th day, the nonepithelialized surface of the laser socket was smaller than that of the control group, and the measurement results were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although LLLT was not found to be very effective in reducing postoperative discomfort after extraction of primary molars, it provided better wound healing in extraction sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Özer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Yaka Mahallesi Bağlarbaşı Sokak, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Merve Abaklı İnci
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Yaka Mahallesi Bağlarbaşı Sokak, 42090, Meram, Konya, Turkey
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Akkaya S, Toptaş O. Evaluation of the effects of platelet-rich fibrin and diode laser on gingival blood perfusion and early bone healing of the extraction socket: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 39:2. [PMID: 38082098 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation and comparison of the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), diode laser, and combination of PRF and diode laser on gingival blood perfusion and early bone formation of the extraction socket. Forty maxillary premolar sockets were randomized to four groups: control group, PRF group, diode laser group, and PRF + diode laser group. Gingival blood perfusion was measured at preoperative and postoperative 1, 3, 7, and 30 days. Fractal dimension analysis was performed immediately after the procedure and in the postoperative first month. Gingival perfusions significantly increased during 1 week compared to baseline for all groups with a mean of -4.43 ± 3.20, -5.99 ± 3.68, -5.45 ± 3.01, and -4.78 ± 2.82 respectively, and were at baseline 1 month later. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at any time point. Although the increase of fractal dimension was higher in the PRF or diode laser group than in the control group with a mean of 0.085 ± 0.05, 0.100 ± 0.04, and 0.072 ± 0.04 respectively, no statistically significant differences were detected. Fractal dimension was significantly greater in PRF + diode laser group than in the control group with a mean of 0.138 ± 0.05 (p = 0.04). PRF, diode laser, and PRF + diode laser did not significantly affect the gingival perfusion, and the combined application of PRF and diode laser had positive effects on early bone regeneration in the extraction socket. PRF, diode laser, and PRF + diode laser provide better tissue healing of the extraction socket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Akkaya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Orçun Toptaş
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
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Passos RM, Pimentel KF, de Barros Silva PG, Sousa FB, Costa FWG, Cetira Filho EL. Effectiveness of low-intensity laser photobiomodulation in reducing inflammatory events (pain, edema, and trismus) after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5771-5792. [PMID: 37610457 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to answer whether, in (P) individuals undergoing orthognathic surgery, (I) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) during or shortly after the surgical procedure compared to (C) pharmacologic therapy alone or no therapy for improvement of post-intervention complications relieves (O) postoperative inflammatory events in (S) randomized clinical trials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A preliminary electronic search was conducted for references with language following a Latin (Roman) alphabet in seven databases index, and gray literature without restriction on language or publication period. Risk of bias was performed by RoB 2.0 tool, and meta-analysis used mean differences (MD) for edema and mouth opening and standardized mean differences (SMD) for pain scores (p < 0.05, Revman®). RESULTS A total of 91 control patients and 114 LLLT patients were included. The wavelengths ranged from 660 to 940 nm, and the applied energy density was between 5 and 100 J/cm2 at mostly extraoral distributed points. LLLT significantly reduced edema (MD = - 4.27, CI95% - 5.13 to - 3.41 mm) in the period from 5 days to 2 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001) and showed strongly reduced pain scores (SMD = - 1.37, I95% = - 1.99 to - 0.75) between 1 day and 5 weeks (p < 0.001), without significantly interfering with mouth opening (p = 0.110). Despite the low risk of bias, high heterogeneity among studies (I2 > 70%) and small sample sizes made the certainty of GRADE evidence low. CONCLUSION This SR demonstrated that LLLT effectively controls pain and edema after orthognathic surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Systematic review that summarizes the use of photobiomodulation on orthognathic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Maia Passos
- Academic of Dentistry, Christus University (UNICHRISTUS), João Adolfo Gurgel Street, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | - Kamila França Pimentel
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, UNICHRISTUS, João Adolfo Gurgel Street, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Bitu Sousa
- Division of Oral Pathology, UNICHRISTUS, João Adolfo Gurgel Street, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | - Fabio Wildson Gurgel Costa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado, S/N. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-355, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Cetira Filho
- Academic of Dentistry, Christus University (UNICHRISTUS), João Adolfo Gurgel Street, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Monsenhor Furtado, S/N. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-355, Brazil
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Sourvanos D, Lander B, Sarmiento H, Carroll J, Hall RD, Zhu TC, Fiorellini JP. Photobiomodulation in dental extraction therapy: Postsurgical pain reduction and wound healing. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:567-579. [PMID: 37204376 PMCID: PMC10877507 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review and analysis were designed to assess the amount of time spent delivering photobiomodulation (PBM) light therapy after dental extraction to improve postoperative pain and wound healing. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The scoping review was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Publications were specific for human randomized controlled clinical trials, PBM after dental extraction therapy, and related clinical outcomes. Online databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Analyses were conducted to analyze the prescribed intervals of time (seconds) per application of PBM. RESULTS Of the 632 studies initially identified, 22 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Postoperative pain and PBM were reported in 20 articles for 24 treatment groups, with treatment times ranging from 17 through 900 seconds and wavelengths from 550 through 1,064 nm. Clinical wound healing outcomes were reported in 6 articles for 7 groups with treatment times ranging from 30 through 120 seconds and wavelengths from 660 through 808 nm. PBM therapy was not associated with adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS There is future potential to integrate PBM after dental extraction therapy to improve postoperative pain and clinical wound healing. The amount of time spent delivering PBM will vary by wavelength and the type of device. Further investigation is needed to translate PBM therapy into human clinical care.
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Seyyed Amir S, Saman T, Heydari M, Valizadeh R. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in oral mucosal surgical wound healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exploration of Medicine 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Wound healing is a complex phenomenon with various biological changes in tissue integrity, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has acquired several unique components to help into accelerating tissue reconstruction and eventually wound healing. Thus, in the present systematic review and meta-analysis study, the role of LLLT in oral mucosal wound healing following surgical interventions was investigated.
Methods: The study databases, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane, were searched by two blinded investigators considering eligible studies based on the following keywords: “Wound Healing”, “Oral Mucosal Wound Healing”, “Laser therapy”, “Low-level laser therapy”, “Oral Surgery”, “Photobiomodulation therapy”, among 88 screened, only 12 articles were eligible for the final analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference between control and laser group in all mentioned studies in the case of wound epithelialization in gingiva, with weighted mean difference (MD) of –0.28, [95% confidence interval (CI): –0.37, –0.19, P < 0.001], periodontium 1 day postoperative, with weighted MD of –0.56 (95% CI: –0.84, –0.27, P < 0.001) and 7 days postoperative, with weighted MD of –0.73 (95% CI: –0.97, –0.49, P < 0.001). In the cases of postoperative pain, LLLT has significantly declined pain in comparison with control group with weighted MD of –0.47 (95% CI: –0.69, –0.24, P < 0.001) for 7 days postoperative and –0.55 (95% CI: –0.96, –0.13, P = 0.005) 14 days postoperatively.
Conclusions: LLLT can be used as a promising tool in oral surgeries because of its inevitable capability in accelerating wound healing and reducing intraoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedi Seyyed Amir
- Dental Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | - Taram Saman
- Dental Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heydari
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | - Rohollah Valizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
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Gururaj S, Shankar S, Parveen F, Chidambar C, Bhushan K, Prabhudev C. Assessment of healing and pain response at mandibular third molar extraction sites with and without pre- and postoperative photobiomodulation at red and near-infrared wavelengths: A clinical study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14:S470-S474. [PMID: 36110661 PMCID: PMC9469217 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_675_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Hadad H, Santos AFP, de Jesus LK, Poli PP, Mariano RC, Theodoro LH, Maiorana C, Souza FÁ. Photobiomodulation Therapy Improves Postoperative Pain and Edema in Third Molar Surgeries: A Randomized, Comparative, Double-Blind, and Prospective Clinical Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021:S0278-2391(21)01104-6. [PMID: 34656515 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laser light has biological effects that can modulate inflammatory processes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on pain, edema, and trismus after the extraction of retained third molars. METHODS A split-mouth, double-blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in 13 patients with similar bilateral third molars who received intraoral application PBM therapy at 4 points with a diode laser at 810 nm wavelength, 6 J (100 mW, 60 seconds/point) on 1 side (the PBM side); and laser irradiation simulation on the other side (SHAM side). The pain was assessed through visual analog scale (VAS) at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, number of analgesic-relief (NAR), and mean time of first analgesic use; edema, through VAS, and linear facial measurements at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours; and trismus, through the mouth opening measurements at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The repeated-measures analysis was applied to assess the effect of the treatment, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons (P < .05). RESULTS Thirteen patients (61.77% male and 38.63% female) with age of 24.16 ± 2.06 participated in this research. VAS showed that PBM controlled pain better (7.56 ± 6.25) than SHAM (32.25 ± 22.78) at 24 hours (P < .001) and 48 hours (19.47 ± 9.27 and 39.87 ± 4.21, respectively) (P = .011). VAS also showed that PBM controlled edema better (19.7 ± 13.27) than SHAM (32.38 ± 15.28) at 24 hours (P = .037) and 48 hours (19.47 ± 13.11 and 39.87 ± 22.77, respectively) (P = .002). CONCLUSION The PBM therapy in this study resulted in pain and edema reduction after third molar surgery and may be considered as adjuvant therapy after the surgical procedure.
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Isolan C, Kinalski MD, Leão OA, Post LK, Isolan TM, Dos Santos MB. Photobiomodulation therapy reduces postoperative pain after third molar extractions: A randomized clinical trial. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e341-e348. [PMID: 33340081 PMCID: PMC8141316 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the efficacy of PBMT on reducing postoperative pain scores in patients submitted to third molar extractions.
Material and Methods A randomized controlled trial (ReBEC:RBR-94BCKZ) was designed according to the SPIRIT and followed the CONSORT. Patients were randomly allocated according to control or PBMT groups. PBMT consisted of the application of GaAlAs laser (808nm;50mW) applied in six points (1.23 min;11 J/cm2) after extraction. Pain scores were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in millimeters evaluated after 6 (T6), 24 (T24), and 48 (T48) hours. The Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney test was used to check for possible associations between VAS scores and treatment groups.
Results A total of 101 third molar extractions were performed in 44 patients. The mean age was 28 years old(SD±11.54). Comparing control and intervention, PBMT group showed a significant effect on the reduction of postoperative pain at T6(mean VAS=0.9; C.I:0.63–1.16) compared to control (mean VAS=2.5;C.I:2.1–2.88)(p<0.001). The same statistically significant effect on the reduction of postoperative pain was observed at T24 (PBMT mean VAS=0.72;C.I:0.51–0.93; control mean VAS=2.86;C.I:2.40–3.31;p<0.001) and T48 (PBMT mean VAS=0.64;C.I:0.36–0.92; control mean VAS=2.86;C.I:2.37–3.34;p<0.001).
Conclusions PBMT significantly reduce the postoperative pain scores when assessed 6, 24, and 48 hours after third molar extractions. Key words:Controlled clinical trial, gallium aluminium arsenide lasers, third molar.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Isolan
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas 457 Gonçalves Chaves street, room 502 96015-560, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Ahrari F, Eshghpour M, Zare R, Ebrahimi S, Fallahrastegar A, Khaki H. Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Irradiation in Reducing Pain and Accelerating Socket Healing After Undisturbed Tooth Extraction. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:274-279. [PMID: 32802287 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on reducing complications following tooth extraction. Methods: This randomized clinical trial consisted of 40 subjects who underwent lower molar extraction. The patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 was irradiated with a 660 nm laser (200 mW, 30 seconds radiation to lingual, buccal and occlusal surfaces of the socket, 6 J/area). In group 2, an 810 nm laser was applied similar to group 1. In group 3, a combination of 660 and 810 nm lasers was used. The patients in group 4 served as a placebo group. LLLT was performed after 0.5-1 hour of extraction and 2 days later. The participants were asked to record pain degree using a visual analogue scale (VAS) over 7 days. The amount of wound healing was evaluated on the third and seventh days. Results: There was no significant difference in pain scores among the groups at any of the assessment intervals (P >0.05). The between-group differences in wound healing scores were small and insignificant (P >0.05). Conclusion: LLLT with 660 nm or 810 nm lasers or their combination had no greater effect than the placebo laser for reducing the complications of tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ahrari
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Eshghpour
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Oral & Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ebrahimi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan/Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Fallahrastegar
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Caccianiga G, Perillo L, Portelli M, Baldoni M, Galletti C, Gay-Escoda C. Evaluation of effectiveness of photobiostimulation in alleviating side effects after dental implant surgery. A randomized clinical trial. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e277-e282. [PMID: 31967979 PMCID: PMC7103453 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess if photobiostimulation (PBS) alleviates pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery.
Material and Methods Sixty subjects (27 male and 33 female, with a mean age of 47,13 8.05 years) were included and randomly assigned to experimental group (implant surgery and photobiostimulation), placebo group (implant surgery and simulated photobiostimulation) and control group (implant surgery only). Inclusion criteria: subjects older than 20 years, with a healthy oral mucosa and requiring implant surgery. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy, history of implant failure, light sensitivity, metabolic deseases, consumption of antibiotics or corticosteroids in the last two weeks, smokers and alcohol drinkers. Patients reported the pain experienced by using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and from day 2 to 7. Swelling score was assessed by linear measurements and type and number of analgesic drugs within each time-point were recorded on a spreadsheet. Data of pain and amount of swelling were compared among the three groups by using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test and post-hoc comparisons tests.
Results Pain in the experimental group was less compared to controls and placebo group, at each time intervals (p < 0.001) as well as the maximum pain score (experimental group: median = 2, interquartile range 2-3; control group: median = 8, interquartile range 3,75-9; placebo group: median = 8, interquartile range 6,25-9). Swelling was almost insignificant in the experimental group (maximum value = 1, interquartile range 0-2,75, at 24 hours) compared with control (maximum value = 6, interquartile range 5-8,75, at 24 hours) and placebo (maximum value = 6, interquartile range 5-8, at 24 hours). Subjects in the experimental group assumed less analgesics compared to both controls and placebo groups.
Conclusions Photobiostimulation is an effective method to reduce pain intensity/duration and swelling after implant surgery. Key words:LLLT, photobiostimulation, pain, implant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caccianiga
- Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery Department School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona Campus de Bellvitge UB 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Rosero KAV, Sampaio RMF, Deboni MCZ, Corrêa L, Marques MM, Ferraz EP, da Graça Naclério-Homem M. Photobiomodulation as an adjunctive therapy for alveolar socket preservation: a preliminary study in humans. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1711-20. [PMID: 31970564 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling results in loss of alveolar bone height and thickness. Photobiomodulation (PBM) based on photochemical stimulation by low-intensity lasers emerges as an adjunctive therapy for alveolar socket preservation. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of PBM therapy on alveolar bone repair. Twenty healthy patients in need of bilateral extraction of lower molars were enrolled in this split-mouth randomized and blind clinical trial. The extraction sites were randomly selected to receive either the PBM therapy with a CW GaAIAs diode laser (808 nm; 0.028 mm2; 0.1 W; 3.6 W/cm2; 89 J/cm2; 2.5 J/point) or no treatment (Control). Bone biopsies were harvested 45 days after the dental extraction and evaluated using micro-computerized tomography (μCT), morphometric, and histological analysis. Data were compared using the paired t test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Bone surface (p = 0.029), bone surface/total volume (p = 0.028), trabecular number (p = 0.025), and connectivity density (p = 0.029) were higher at the PBM group compared with Control. The histological observations confirmed the μCT findings. PBM samples exhibited higher number of organized and connected bone trabeculae along with higher density of blood vessels than Control. Control samples displayed a dense and highly cellular connective tissue at the central area accompanied by the presence of immature bone trabeculae at the periphery. Our results indicated that the PBM therapy improved the newly bone trabeculae formation and their connectivity which increased bone surface, indicating the positive effect of the laser on alveolar human socket repair.
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Fornaini C, Arany P, Rocca JP, Merigo E. Photobiomodulation in Pediatric Dentistry: A Current State-of-the-Art. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery 2019; 37:798-813. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Fornaini
- UFR Odontologie, Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Dentistry, Special Needs and Maxillo–Facial Surgery Unit, Hospital “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Praveen Arany
- Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- UFR Odontologie, Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- UFR Odontologie, Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- Dentistry, Special Needs and Maxillo–Facial Surgery Unit, Hospital “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Piacenza, Italy
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Hosseinpour S, Tunér J, Fekrazad R. Photobiomodulation in Oral Surgery: A Review. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery 2019; 37:814-825. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepanta Hosseinpour
- School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jan Tunér
- Private Practice, Swedish Laser Medical Society (SLMS), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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15
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Safdari R, Pouremadi N, Talebzadeh E, Mottaghi A, Amini S, Hossienzadeh A, Movahedian Attar B. The Impacts of Low-Level Laser Therapy - A Complementary Treatment in the Management of Side Effects After Implant Surgery. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 9:207-211. [PMID: 30809333 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important medical applications of laser is low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In this method, laser radiation penetrates easily into the target tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate whether LLLT can reduce the side effects of advanced implant surgery. Methods: In this triple-blind clinical trial, 30 patients aged 25 to 65 years were selected for implant insertion and divided into two groups. In the laser group, immediately after the surgery, 72 hours and 1 week after the surgery, the surgical site was irradiated with an 830 nm laser. The dose required for the laser therapy was 5 J/cm2 . The degree of pain, facial swelling and wound healing were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Our results showed that at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the surgery, the pain level was reduced in the laser group compared with the placebo group (P<0.05). Swelling of the face was also significantly reduced 7 days after surgery in the laser group (P<0.05). The investigation on the recovery conditions of the surgical site showed that on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the surgery, higher levels of wound healing have been achieved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that laser, as a complementary therapy; can be used to reduce the severity and duration of pain. Also, laser can reduce facial swelling and accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Safdari
- Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narges Pouremadi
- Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Talebzadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Mottaghi
- Department of Oral Diseases, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahram Amini
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolfath Hossienzadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Movahedian Attar
- Dental Implant Research and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Lemes CHJ, da Rosa WLDO, Sonego CL, Lemes BJ, Moraes RR, da Silva AF. Does laser therapy improve the wound healing process after tooth extraction? A systematic review. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 27:102-113. [PMID: 30324666 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser therapy could amplify the oral wound healing process by stimulating cell regeneration after injury, attenuating pain, and modulating the immune system. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether the application of laser therapy improved alveolar healing after tooth extractions. Eight electronic databases were screened: MedLine (PubMed), The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Ibecs, Scielo, and BBO. Three reviewers independently assessed the title and abstracts of potentially relevant studies. Only clinical trials and animal experiments that evaluated the wound healing effect of laser therapy after tooth extraction were included. A total of 16 studies fulfilled all criteria, thus 8 animal experiments and 8 clinical trials were included. Different types of laser were evaluated, such as CO2 , GaAlAs, Nd:YAG, Diode Laser, HeNe, and High-frequency Pulsed Diode Laser. Although HF, Diode and GaAs lasers were able to enhance wound healing process in clinical studies, four trials and one animal experiment showed no improvement in wound healing with laser therapy after tooth extractions. In general, the current available evidence in the literature showed that laser therapy improved the wound healing process, but these findings were limited to the type of laser applied and its specific settings. Further well-designed and randomized controlled trials are needed to support a benefit effect of using laser therapy after tooth extraction. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42014007509 (2014).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila Leal Sonego
- Department of Buco-maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Ratto Moraes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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17
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Bittencourt MAV, Paranhos LR, Martins-Filho PRS. Low-level laser therapy for treatment of neurosensory disorders after orthognathic surgery: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:780-787. [PMID: 29053658 PMCID: PMC5813998 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level laser has been widely used in Dentistry and many studies have focused on its application in oral surgeries. This study was conducted with the aim of searching for scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of laser to reduce pain or paresthesia related to orthognathic surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, LILACS, SciELO, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ClinicalTrials.gov, up to November 2016, with no restrictions on language or year of publication. Additionally, a hand search of the reference list of the selected studies was carried out. The PICOS strategy was used to define the eligibility criteria and only randomized clinical trials were selected. RESULTS Out of 1,257 identified citations, three papers fulfilled the criteria and were included in the systematic review. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Guidelines for Clinical Trials and results were exposed based on a descriptive analysis. One study showed that laser therapy was effective to reduce postoperative pain 24 hours (P=0.007) and 72 hours (P=0.007) after surgery. Other study revealed the positive effect of laser to improve neurosensory recovery 60 days after surgery, evaluated also by the two-point discrimination (P=0.005) and sensory (P=0.008) tests. The third study reported an improvement for general sensibility of 68.75% for laser group, compared with 21.43% for placebo (P=0.0095), six months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Individual studies suggested a positive effect of low-level laser therapy on reduction of postoperative pain and acceleration of improvement of paresthesia related to orthognathic surgery. However, due to the insufficient number and heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis evaluating the outcomes of interest was not performed, and a pragmatic recommendation about the use of laser therapy is not possible. This systematic review was conducted according to the statements of PRISMA and was registered at PROSPERO under the number CRD42016043258.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A-V Bittencourt
- Faculdade de Odontologia,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Araujo Pinho, 62, 7o andar Canela, Salvador Bahia, Brasil. CEP: 40110-040,
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18
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Abstract
Introduction: The analgesic effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) after mandibular third molar (MTM) extraction is controversial. The aim is to evaluate the effect of intraoral LLLT on postoperative pain after MTMs extraction. Methods: Thirty patients with bilateral symmetrical impacted MTMs underwent surgical extractions. Experimental and control sides were randomly selected to receive LLLT or placebo. Following suturing, a dental assistant applied 810 nm gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) at three points for 30 s each with a total energy of 9 J. Pain was recorded on a visual analog scale on the 7 successive days. Results: Data analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 23 for Windows with P ≤ 0.05 significance level. LLLT appeared to have a high significant effect on pain reduction; however, there was a mild increase in pain after the 4th day. Conclusion: Intraoral 810 nm GaAlAs is effective in reducing postoperative pain when a dose of 32.86 J/cm2 is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ayad Hamid
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai, UAE
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19
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Ribeiro L, Okada E, Carvalho F, Stuani M, Borsatto M, Silva F, Küchler E. The effect of the low-level laser therapy on healing and pain after tooth extraction: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ors.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.N.S. Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - E.M.P. Okada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - F.K. Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - M.B.S. Stuani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - M.C. Borsatto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - F.W.G.P. Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - E.C. Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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20
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Elbay ÜŞ, Tak Ö, Elbay M, Uğurluel C, Kaya C. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Postoperative Pain in Children After Primary Teeth Extraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:171-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü Şermet Elbay
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Önjen Tak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mesut Elbay
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ceren Uğurluel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Can Kaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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21
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Sierra SO, Deana AM, Bussadori SK, Mota ACCD, Motta LJ, Ferrari RAM, Schalch TD, Fernandes KPS. Effect of low-intensity laser treatment on pain after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomised, controlled, clinical trial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:996-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Romão M, Marques M, Cortes A, Horliana A, Moreira M, Lascala C. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis of human alveolar bone repair induced by laser phototherapy: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:1521-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Fabre HSC, Navarro RL, Oltramari-Navarro PVP, Oliveira RF, Pires-Oliveira DAA, Andraus RAC, Fuirini N, Fernandes KBP. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of low-level laser therapy on the postoperative healing process. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1645-8. [PMID: 26180289 PMCID: PMC4499952 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of
intraoral application of low-level laser therapy (660 nm) to control pain, swelling and
interincisal opening following the extraction of mandibular third molars. [Subjects and
Methods] Ten patients underwent removal of lower third molars using the same surgical
protocol and pharmacological approach. In the postoperative period, all patients received
four consecutive daily sessions of low-level laser therapy, beginning 24 hours after the
surgery. Intraoral applications using the diode laser with 660 nm wavelength in the
continuous scan mode were performed covering the entire surgical area, which was divided
into four quadrants, each of 1 cm2 area at a distance of 1 cm. The energy
applied at each point was 5 J/cm2 during 8 seconds. [Results] The swelling and
interincisal opening returned to normal 24 hours after the first low-level laser therapy
application (Friedman test). Moreover, the pain intensity was reduced on the third
postoperative day, according to the Friedman test. [Conclusion] Low-level laser therapy
(660 nm), at the dosimetry used in this study, was effective in reducing postoperative
pain and swelling following oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nelson Fuirini
- School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical University Catholic of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Karen B P Fernandes
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Northern Parana, Brazil ; School of Medicine, Pontificial University Catholic of Paraná, Brazil
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24
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Gasperini G, Rodrigues de Siqueira I, Rezende Costa L. Does low-level laser therapy decrease swelling and pain resulting from orthognathic surgery? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 43:868-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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