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Lyu N, Potluri PR, Rajendran VK, Wang Y, Sunna A. Multiplex detection of bacterial pathogens by PCR/SERS assay. Analyst 2024; 149:2898-2904. [PMID: 38572620 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a leading cause of death globally. The detection of DNA sequences correlated to the causative pathogen has become a vital tool in medical diagnostics. In practice, PCR-based assays for the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens currently rely on probe-based quantitative strategies that require expensive equipment but have limited sensitivity or multiplexing capabilities. Hence, novel approaches to address the limitations of the current gold standard methods are still in high demand. In this study, we propose a simple multiplex PCR/SERS assay for the simultaneous detection of four bacterial pathogens, namely P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and M. smegmatis. Wherein, specific primers for amplifying each target gDNA were applied, followed by applying SERS nanotags functionalized with complementary DNA probes and Raman reporters for specific identification of the target bacterial pathogens. The PCR/SERS assay showed high specificity and sensitivity for genotyping bacterial pathogen gDNA, whereby as few as 100 copies of the target gDNA could be detected. With high sensitivity and the convenience of standard PCR amplification, the proposed assay shows great potential for the sensitive detection of multiple pathogen infections to aid clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Lyu
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Phani Rekha Potluri
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | | | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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Wu S, Yang X, Lou Y, Xiao X. MAIT cells in bacterial infectious diseases: heroes, villains, or both? Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:144-153. [PMID: 37624404 PMCID: PMC10714195 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the aggravation of bacterial drug resistance and the lag in the development of new antibiotics, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic regimens for bacterial infectious diseases. Currently, immunotherapy is a promising regimen for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a subpopulation of innate-like T cells, are abundant in humans and can mount a rapid immune response to pathogens, thus becoming a potential target of immunotherapy for infectious diseases. At the site of infection, activated MAIT cells perform complex biological functions by secreting a variety of cytokines and cytotoxic substances. Many studies have shown that MAIT cells have immunoprotective effects because they can bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to bacterial clearance, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. MAIT cells also participate in cytokine storm generation, tissue fibrosis, and cancer progression, indicating that they play a role in immunopathology. In this article, we review recent studies of MAIT cells, discuss their dual roles in bacterial infectious diseases and provide some promising MAIT cell-targeting strategies for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Wu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Rathinam AJ, Santhaseelan H, Dahms HU, Dinakaran VT, Murugaiah SG. Bioprospecting of unexplored halophilic actinobacteria against human infectious pathogens. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:398. [PMID: 37974926 PMCID: PMC10645811 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic diseases received much attention recently due to their uncontrolled spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which causes several threads every year. Effective alternate antimicrobials are urgently required to combat those disease causing infectious microbes. Halophilic actinobacteria revealed huge potentials and unexplored cultivable/non-cultivable actinobacterial species producing enormous antimicrobials have been proved in several genomics approaches. Potential gene clusters, PKS and NRPKS from Nocardia, Salinospora, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces have wide range coding genes of secondary metabolites. Biosynthetic pathways identification via various approaches like genome mining, In silico, OSMAC (one strain many compound) analysis provides better identification of knowing the active metabolites using several databases like AMP, APD and CRAMPR, etc. Genome constellations of actinobacteria particularly the prediction of BGCs (Biosynthetic Gene Clusters) to mine the bioactive molecules such as pigments, biosurfactants and few enzymes have been reported for antimicrobial activity. Saltpan, saltlake, lagoon and haloalkali environment exploring potential actinobacterial strains Micromonospora, Kocuria, Pseudonocardia, and Nocardiopsis revealed several acids and ester derivatives with antimicrobial potential. Marine sediments and marine macro organisms have been found as significant population holders of potential actinobacterial strains. Deadly infectious diseases (IDs) including tuberculosis, ventilator-associated pneumonia and Candidiasis, have been targeted by halo-actinobacterial metabolites with promising results. Methicillin resistant Staphylococus aureus and virus like Encephalitic alphaviruses were potentially targeted by halophilic actinobacterial metabolites by the compound Homoseongomycin from sponge associated antinobacterium. In this review, we discuss the potential antimicrobial properties of various biomolecules extracted from the unexplored halophilic actinobacterial strains specifically against human infectious pathogens along with prospective genomic constellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur James Rathinam
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 India
| | - Henciya Santhaseelan
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024 India
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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Al-Mijalli SH, El Hachlafi N, Jeddi M, Abdallah EM, Assaggaf H, Qasem A, Lee LH, Law JWF, Aladhadh M, Alnasser SM, Bouyahya A, Mrabti HN. Unveiling the volatile compounds and antibacterial mechanisms of action of Cupressus sempervirens L., against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115609. [PMID: 37801906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cupressus sempervirens is a known traditional plant used to manage various ailments, including cancer, inflammatory and infectious diseases. In this investigation, we aimed to explore the chemical profile of Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (CSEO) as well as their antibacterial mode of action. The volatile components were characterized using gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results revealed remarkable antibacterial properties of EO derived from C. sempervirens. GC-MS analysis indicated that C. sempervirens EO characterized by δ-3-carene (47.72%), D-limonene (5.44%), β-pinene (4.36%), β-myrcene (4.02%). The oil exhibited significant inhibitory effects against a range of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 13048, Bacillus cereus (Clinical isolate), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. These inhibitory effects surpassed those of conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, the EO demonstrated low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), indicating its bactericidal nature (MBC/MIC < 4.0). Time-kill kinetics analysis showed that CSEO was particularly effective at 2 × MIC doses, rapidly reduced viable count of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa within 8 h. This suggests that the oil acts quickly and efficiently. The cell membrane permeability test further demonstrated the impact of CSEO on the relative conductivity of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, both at 2 × MIC concentrations. These observations suggest that EO disrupts the bacterial membrane, thereby influencing their growth and viability. Additionally, the cell membrane integrity test indicated that the addition of CSEO to bacterial cultures resulted in the significant release of proteins from the bacterial cells. This suggests that EO affects the structural integrity of the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the anti-biofilm assay confirmed the efficacy of CSEO as a potent anti-biofilm agent. It demonstrated the oil's ability to inhibit quorum sensing, a crucial mechanism for biofilm formation, and its competitive performance compared to the tested antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Jeddi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Emad M Abdallah
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Next-Generation Precision Medicine and Therapeutics Research Group (NMeT), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Next-Generation Precision Medicine and Therapeutics Research Group (NMeT), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Aladhadh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, P.O. Box 2202, Fez, Morocco; High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco.
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Chiumia FK, Muula AS, Chimimba F, Nyirongo HM, Kampira E, Khuluza F. Effect of antibiotic medicines availability on adherence to standard treatment guidelines among hospitalized adult patients in southern Malawi. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293562. [PMID: 37906554 PMCID: PMC10617696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. High and inappropriate use of antibiotic therapy exacerbate the risk of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the effect of availability of antibiotic medicines on adherence to standard treatment guidelines among hospitalized adult patients in Southern Malawi. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done to assess the availability of 16 antibiotics among the first-line recommended treatments for common bacterial infections in Malawi. Data for up to six-month duration was extracted from stock card records in Machinga and Nsanje District Hospitals and Zomba Central Hospital. This was complemented by a retrospective review of 322 patient management files from medical wards to assess adherence to the Malawi Standard Treatment Guidelines (MSTG). Investigators abstracted data such as patient demographics, diagnoses, and prescribed therapy using a data collection form that resulted in analyzing 304 patient files. Data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed using STATA 14.1. Point availability, stock-out duration and adherence to treatment guidelines were presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was applied to assess the association between variables and adherence to treatment guidelines. RESULTS Point availability of antibiotics was 81.5%, 87.7%, and 42.8% for Zomba Central, Machinga and Nsanje District Hospitals respectively. Over a period of six months, 12.5% of antibiotic medicines were stocked out for at least one day at Zomba (Median stock out days = 0, (IQR 0-0 days), while 64.3% were stocked out at Machinga (Median stock out days = 21, IQR 0-31 days) and 85.7% were stocked out at Nsanje District Hospital (Median stock out days = 66.5, IQR 18-113 days). Overall, adherence to MSTG was 79.6%, (95% CI, 73.3-84.9%). By facilities, adherence to guidelines at Zomba Central Hospital was 95.9% (95% CI, 89.7-98.9%) while at Nsanje and Machinga District Hospitals was 73.2% (95% CI, 59.7-84.2%) and 54.2% (95% CI, 39.2-68.6%) respectively. Adherence to treatment guidelines was associated with health facility, presence of laboratory test results, antibiotic spectrum, and WHO-AWaRe category of the medicine, p<0.005. Adherence was lower for antibiotics that were stocked out than antibiotics that were not stocked out during the study period (63.8%, 95% CI 48.5-77.3% vs 84.4%, 95% CI 77.7-89.8%), p< 0.002. CONCLUSION We found unstable availability of antibiotic medicines in hospitals which might contribute to the sub-optimal adherence to standard treatment guidelines. This is a setback to efforts aimed at curbing antibiotic resistance in Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Kachidza Chiumia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Adamson Sinjani Muula
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Frider Chimimba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Happy Magwaza Nyirongo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth Kampira
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Felix Khuluza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences and Allied Health Professions, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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Subedi N, Bhattarai S, Ranabhat S, Sharma BK, Baral MP. Determination of causes of adult deaths using minimally invasive tissue sampling in Gandaki province of Nepal: a multicenter hospital-based study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:407. [PMID: 37805504 PMCID: PMC10559450 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS) has been successfully used to establish the cause of death in low- and middle-income countries, mostly in stillbirths and neonates. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of death among adults using MITS in the Gandaki province of Nepal and to find out the contribution of MITS to identify the causes of death. METHODS A multicentric hospital-based pilot study was conducted to enroll 100 cases of adult deaths. The specimens of cerebrospinal fluid, blood, brain, lungs, and liver tissue were collected utilizing MITS. These specimens underwent standard histopathological, serological, and microbiological analyses. The findings from MITS, and if available, clinical records and forensic autopsy findings were compiled and the cause of death panel identified the causes of death. The final cause of death allocated to each case was based on the WHO International Medical Certificate of Death. RESULTS Among a total of 100 cases enrolled during the study period, infectious cause attributed to the immediate cause of death in 77 (77%), cardiovascular in 10 (10%), neurological in 8 (8%), malignancy in two (2%), and gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cause in one (1%) case. The mean age of the cases was 50.8 ± 15.9 years and 76 (76%) were males. MITS established the cause of death in the causal chain of events in 81(81%) cases and identified the cause of death significantly more with infectious than non-infectious causes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MITS was useful in establishing the cause of death in the majority of adult deaths and the most common cause was infectious disease. Our findings suggest that MITS can be a valuable and alternative tool for mortality surveillance in low-resource settings, where complete diagnostic autopsies are less accepted or less prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwadatta Subedi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Gandaki, Pokhara, Nepal.
- DECODE MAUN Research Project, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Suraj Bhattarai
- DECODE MAUN Research Project, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
- Global Health Research & Medical Interventions for Development (GLOHMED), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sunita Ranabhat
- DECODE MAUN Research Project, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
- Department of Pathology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Binita Koirala Sharma
- DECODE MAUN Research Project, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Madan Prasad Baral
- DECODE MAUN Research Project, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
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Yadav S. Isoniazid Mono-Resistant Tuberculosis Presenting as Empyema Thoracis With Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii Infections: The World's First Reported Case of Its Type. Cureus 2023; 15:e42767. [PMID: 37663992 PMCID: PMC10469872 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is very common in developing countries. Isolated cases of concomitant infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Citrobacter koseri, and Morganella morganii are rare. Furthermore, there is no report available in the literature of concurrent infection of Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii in an isoniazid mono-resistant tuberculosis patient. In this case, we present a concomitant infection with drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Citrobacter koseri, and Morganella morganii in a 40-year-old Indian male who presented with fever, dry cough, and chest pain. He was initiated on an isoniazid mono regimen and a broad-spectrum antibiotic, following the national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Yadav
- Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, New Delhi, IND
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Wang J, Cao Y, Li Z, Dong M, Dou W, Xu X, He S. Bridge-DNA synthesis triggered by an allosteric aptamer for the colorimetric detection of pathogenic bacteria. Anal Methods 2023; 15:275-283. [PMID: 36594811 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive quantification of pathogenic bacteria is highly desired for environmental health supervision and food safety control. Yet, the amplification and detection of bacteria with a concentration lower than 102 cfu mL-1 remains a great challenge. Here, we combined an allosteric aptamer (AAP) with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) for assembling a bridge-DNA synthesis system (named as AuNP-BDS) to amplify the bacterial signals. The AAP and its paired primer (PP) were covalently linked to two different AuNPs, respectively: one named as AAP-AuNP and the other PP-AuNP. Upon recognition of the antigen from the pathogenic bacteria, AAP alters its conformation to initiate DNA synthesis on the AuNP surface. The DNA products from AAP-AuNP and PP-AuNP form bridges to each other through base pairing, resulting in the aggregation and colorimetric response of the AuNPs. By using E. coli O157:H7 as an example, the AuNP-BDS could quantify pathogenic bacteria in water with a concentration as low as 10 cfu mL-1 within 60 min and without any enrichment. The colorimetric response values of AuNP-BDS were found to be linearly related to the bacterial concentrations in the range of 10 to 103 cfu mL-1. Good practicability of the AuNP-BDS in quantifying E. coli O157:H7 from tap water, juices, and milks was demonstrated. The AuNP-BDS could be exploited to facilitate the rapid and sensitive quantification of pathogenic bacteria for food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P. R. China.
| | - Yongqiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P. R. China.
| | - Meiling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin He
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P. R. China.
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Karimi KJ, Ahmad A, Duse A, Mwanthi M, Ayah R. Prevalence of Antibiotic Use and Disposal at Household Level in Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:ijerph20010287. [PMID: 36612608 PMCID: PMC9820000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use and abuse of antibiotics are directly related to the development of drug resistance, a global public health problem. Whereas the majority of research focus is on the use and misuse of antibiotics in drug resistance development, little is known about improper disposal, as a source of contamination in the environment that includes groundwater, especially in informal settlements. This study sought to determine antibiotic use and disposal in informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya. A random cross-sectional sample of 447 households in selected informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya was studied. A structured questionnaire was issued to persons heading households. The prevalence of antibiotic use was 43% (n = 193). Among these people, 74% (n = 144) had consulted a health worker in a healthcare facility for a prescription. Respondents did not always complete doses but kept the remainder for the next time they would become ill (54%). About 32% disposed of the remainder of the antibiotics in pit latrines and compost pits (10%) while 4% disposed through burning. Antibiotic use was fairly high despite a low level of awareness of the health effects of consuming water contaminated with antibiotics (35%) (n = 156); p = 0.03. Misuse and inappropriate disposal of antibiotics as identified may lead to a higher risk of antibiotic resistance, increasing the disease burden in the informal settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen J. Karimi
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Department of Public and Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Mutuku Mwanthi
- Department of Public and Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Richard Ayah
- Department of Public and Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
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Song X, Wang H, Xu X. Amikacin- and AuNP-mediated colorimetric biosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gardner H, Miles G, Saleem A, Dunin-Borkowska A, Mohammad H, Puttick N, Aksha S, Bhattarai S, Keene C. Social determinants of health and the double burden of disease in Nepal: a secondary analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1567. [PMID: 35978424 PMCID: PMC9387078 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the global burden of disease evolves, lower-resource countries like Nepal face a double burden of non-communicable and infectious disease. Rapid adaptation is required for Nepal’s health system to provide life-long, person-centred care while simultaneously improving quality of infectious disease services. Social determinants of health be key in addressing health disparities and could direct policy decisions to promote health and manage the disease burden. Thus, we explore the association of social determinants with the double burden of disease in Nepal. Methods This is a retrospective, ecological, cross-sectional analysis of infectious and non-communicable disease outcome data (2017 to 2019) and data on social determinants of health (2011 to 2013) for 753 municipalities in Nepal. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the associations between social determinants and disease burden. Results The ‘high-burden’ combined double burden (non-communicable and infectious disease) outcome was associated with more accessible municipalities, (adjOR3.94[95%CI2.94–5.28]), municipalities with higher proportions of vaccine coverage (adjOR12.49[95%CI3.05–51.09]) and malnutrition (adjOR9.19E103[95%CI19.68E42-8.72E164]), lower average number of people per household (adjOR0.32[95%CI0.22–0.47]) and lower indigenous population (adjOR0.20[95%CI0.06–0.65]) compared to the ‘low-burden’ category on multivariable analysis. ‘High-burden’ of non-communicable disease was associated with more accessible municipalities (adjOR1.93[95%CI1.45–2.57]), higher female proportion within the municipality (adjOR1.69E8[95%CI3227.74–8.82E12]), nutritional deficiency (adjOR1.39E17[95%CI11799.83–1.64E30]) and malnutrition (adjOR2.17E131[95%CI4.41E79-1.07E183]) and lower proportions of population under five years (adjOR1.05E-10[95%CI9.95E-18–0.001]), indigenous population (adjOR0.32[95%CI0.11–0.91]), average people per household (adjOR0.44[95%CI0.26–0.73]) and households with no piped water (adjOR0.21[95%CI0.09–0.49]), compared to the ‘low-burden’ category on adjusted analysis. ‘High burden’ of infectious disease was also associated with more accessible municipalities (adjOR4.29[95%CI3.05–6.05]), higher proportions of population under five years (adjOR3.78E9[95%CI9418.25–1.51E15]), vaccine coverage (adjOR25.42[95%CI7.85–82.29]) and malnutrition (adjOR4.29E41[95%CI12408.29–1.48E79]) and lower proportions of households using firewood as fuel (adjOR0.39[95%CI0.20–0.79]) (‘moderate-burden’ category only) compared to ‘low-burden’. Conclusions While this study produced imprecise estimates and cannot be interpreted for individual risk, more accessible municipalities were consistently associated with higher disease burden than remote areas. Female sex, lower average number per household, non-indigenous population and poor nutrition were also associated with higher burden of disease and offer targets to direct interventions to reduce the burden of infectious and non-communicable disease and manage the double burden of disease in Nepal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13905-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gardner
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Georgina Miles
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hannah Mohammad
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Natasha Puttick
- Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanam Aksha
- School of Public Administration, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Suraj Bhattarai
- Department of Global Health, Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Claire Keene
- Health Systems Collaborative, Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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